Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Hip Fracture Prevention […] Hip fractures are breaks in the thighbone (femur) just below the hip joint. They are serious injuries that most often occur in people age 65 and older. Elderly women are especially vulnerable to hip fractures because of osteoporosis. […] Hip fractures can limit mobility and independence. Almost all hip fractures require surgery, hospitalization, and extended rehabilitation. […] Most people who previously lived independently before hip fracture require assistance afterward. This can range from help from family members and home health professionals, to admittance to a nursing home or another long-term health facility. […] Most hip fractures occur as a result of a fall, and most falls occur in the home. Many falls can be prevented by simple home safety improvements, such as removing clutter, providing enough lighting, installing grab bars in bathrooms, and installing handrails along stairways.

• #2 Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures | Older Adult Fall Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/index.html

  TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR Ask your doctor or health care provider to evaluate your risk for falling and talk with them about specific things you can do. […] Ask your doctor or health care provider about taking vitamin D supplements. […] GET SCREENED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS Get screened for osteoporosis and treated if needed. […] DO STRENGTH AND BALANCE EXERCISES Do exercises that make your legs stronger and improve your balance. Tai Chi is a good example of this kind of exercise. […] Each year there are about 300,000 hip fracture-related hospitalizations due to older adult falls. […] In 2019, 83% percent of hip fracture deaths and 88% of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for hip fractures were caused by falls. […] The chances of breaking your hip increase as you get older.

• #3

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4902a2.htm

  Falls are the leading cause of injury deaths and disabilities among persons aged 65 years. […] Because approximately 95% of hip fractures result from falls, minimizing fall risk is a practical approach to reducing these serious injuries. […] Research demonstrates that effective fall prevention strategies require a multifaceted approach with both behavioral and environmental components. Important elements include education and skill building to increase knowledge about fall risk factors, exercise to improve strength and balance, home modifications to reduce fall hazards, and medication assessment to minimize side effects (e.g., dizziness and grogginess). […] Primary prevention of fall-related injuries involves reducing the occurrence of falls; secondary prevention of fall-related injuries involves preventing injuries when falls occur.

• #4 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Hip Fracture Prevention […] Hip fractures are breaks in the thighbone (femur) just below the hip joint. They are serious injuries that most often occur in people age 65 and older. Elderly women are especially vulnerable to hip fractures because of osteoporosis. […] Hip fractures can limit mobility and independence. Almost all hip fractures require surgery, hospitalization, and extended rehabilitation. […] Most people who previously lived independently before hip fracture require assistance afterward. This can range from help from family members and home health professionals, to admittance to a nursing home or another long-term health facility. […] Most hip fractures occur as a result of a fall, and most falls occur in the home. Many falls can be prevented by simple home safety improvements, such as removing clutter, providing enough lighting, installing grab bars in bathrooms, and installing handrails along stairways.

• #5 After the fall: RESTORE bone health and prevent future hip fractures in seniors | Orthopaedics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/hip-fractures-seniors/

  Suffering a fall that results in a hip fracture is one of the scariest things that can happen to seniors and their families. […] By 2050, worldwide hip fracture incidents are expected to increase 310 percent in men and 240 percent in women, which means that now is the time to perfect our protocols and protect the health, mobility, and independence of Texas seniors. […] Attending physical therapy and rebuilding your strength and balance is an important part of preventing future fractures. […] In older adults, complications from delayed hip fracture surgery can manifest as life-threatening infections, lost mobility and independence, and fear or anxiety about falling again. […] RESTORE starts with early diagnosis and expedient surgery and continues with long-term bone health and fall prevention support that follows through a patient’s return home.

• #6 5 Ways To Avoid Hip Fractures as You Get Older

  https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/5-ways-to-avoid-hip-fractures-as-you-get-older/

  As you get older, your eyesight worsens, your bones weaken, and you can develop balance problems or arthritis, which all put you at greater risk for hip fractures from falls. […] More than 300,000 people in the United States sustain a hip fracture every year. Most of these fractures occur in patients 65 years or older who are injured in falls. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are several things you can do to lessen your risk of falling, including: […] 1. Talk to your doctor, who can evaluate your risk for falling, review your medications to see if any might make you dizzy or sleepy, and possibly suggest vitamin D supplements. […] 2. Get screened for osteoporosis and get treatment, if needed. […] 3. Do strength and balance exercises to improve your balance and make your legs stronger.

• #7 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Hip Fracture Prevention […] Hip fractures are breaks in the thighbone (femur) just below the hip joint. They are serious injuries that most often occur in people age 65 and older. Elderly women are especially vulnerable to hip fractures because of osteoporosis. […] Hip fractures can limit mobility and independence. Almost all hip fractures require surgery, hospitalization, and extended rehabilitation. […] Most people who previously lived independently before hip fracture require assistance afterward. This can range from help from family members and home health professionals, to admittance to a nursing home or another long-term health facility. […] Most hip fractures occur as a result of a fall, and most falls occur in the home. Many falls can be prevented by simple home safety improvements, such as removing clutter, providing enough lighting, installing grab bars in bathrooms, and installing handrails along stairways.

• #8 Prevention of Hip Fracture | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/hip-fracture/treatments/prevention.html

  Taking medications as prescribed by your physician to prevent bone loss […] Eating a calcium-rich diet including milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, sardines, and broccoli […] Stopping smoking […] Avoiding excessive alcohol use […] Keeping objects off the stairs and floors, such as electrical cords, to prevent falls […] Using slip-resistant rugs next to the bathtub and installing grab bars in the tub […] Positioning night lights from the bedroom to the bathroom […] Using rug pads or non-skid backing to keep rugs in place […] Not using unsteady furniture or step ladders to stand on […] Visiting an ophthalmologist every year to have vision checked annually and vision loss treated.

• #9 Hip Fracture Prevention Treatment Portland | Hip Fracture Treatment Portland

  https://www.multnomahortho.com/hip-fracture-prevention-orthopedic-surgeon-portland-beaverton-gresham-oregon.html

  Hip fractures refer to any kind of breakage or damage in the thigh bone (femur). People over the age of 65, especially women, are highly vulnerable to hip fractures. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood help in building high bone mass and reduce risk of bone related diseases in later years. Some of the methods of prevention of hip fractures are: […] Most hip fractures occur due to falls. Fall can be prevented by taking care of small things such as removing clutter from the floor, clearing out excess or unwanted furniture, keeping electric cords away from the floor, using enough lighting in the house, using grab bars in the bathrooms and removing throw rugs. […] Exercise helps to maintain muscle strength and can slow bone loss. It also improves your balance and coordination. Exercises such as walking increase bone density in your body. Some other exercises include climbing stairs, jogging, dancing, swimming, and weight training. Balance training can be used to decrease falls and the risk of hip fractures as balance tends to reduce with age.

• #10 Hip Fracture Prevention –More Than an Orthopedic Problem! – Mackarey & Mackarey PT

  https://mackareyphysicaltherapy.com/hip-fracture-prevention-more-than-an-orthopedic-problem/

  Check eyesight and hearing regularly. Poor eyesight makes it difficult to see potential hazards. Update old eyeglasses. Inner ear problems can affect balance. Adequate lighting is paramount. Nightlights in bedroom, bathroom and hallway are recommended. […] Use assistive devices when negotiating uneven terrain or when you feel weak or tired. To avoid falls in the bathroom install grab bars in the shower, tub, and toilet areas. […] Proper footwear with a flat sole, wide base and nonslip grips are important. Footwear should be tied securely and fit snugly. Do not walk in stocking feet. […] Remove rugs and runners that slip or attach nonslip backing. Keep pathways free of clutter. […] Install secure handrails on both sides. Improve lighting. Ensure carpeting on stairs is firmly attached. […] Sidewalks and walkways should be clear, well lit and free of snow and ice. Repair uneven paving. […] Limit reaching by storing frequently used items where they can be reached easily. If reaching is required, use a stepstool with high, sturdy handrails.

• #11 Hip Fracture Prevention Treatment Portland | Hip Fracture Treatment Portland

  https://www.multnomahortho.com/hip-fracture-prevention-orthopedic-surgeon-portland-beaverton-gresham-oregon.html

  Hip fractures refer to any kind of breakage or damage in the thigh bone (femur). People over the age of 65, especially women, are highly vulnerable to hip fractures. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood help in building high bone mass and reduce risk of bone related diseases in later years. Some of the methods of prevention of hip fractures are: […] Most hip fractures occur due to falls. Fall can be prevented by taking care of small things such as removing clutter from the floor, clearing out excess or unwanted furniture, keeping electric cords away from the floor, using enough lighting in the house, using grab bars in the bathrooms and removing throw rugs. […] Exercise helps to maintain muscle strength and can slow bone loss. It also improves your balance and coordination. Exercises such as walking increase bone density in your body. Some other exercises include climbing stairs, jogging, dancing, swimming, and weight training. Balance training can be used to decrease falls and the risk of hip fractures as balance tends to reduce with age.

• #12 5 Ways To Avoid Hip Fractures as You Get Older

  https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/5-ways-to-avoid-hip-fractures-as-you-get-older/

  4. Have your eyes checked at least once a year and update your glasses, if needed. […] 5. Elder-proof your home by moving items you could trip over, adding grab bars to your tub or shower and next to the toilet, and putting brighter bulbs in your lamps. […] If you fracture your hip, doctors will get you into surgery and rehab as soon as possible. Delay in surgery increases the chances of having complications. […] Full rehabilitation from a hip fracture is possible after hip fracture surgery, but it can be challenging.

• #13 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Moderate exercise can slow bone loss and maintain muscle strength. It can also improve balance and coordination. Good exercise options include climbing stairs, jogging, hiking, swimming, dancing, and weight training. […] Tai chi and balance training with an emphasis on core conditioning have been shown to decrease falls and reduce the risk of hip fracture. Tai chi is a program of exercises, breathing, and movements based on ancient Chinese practices. These classes can also increase self-confidence and improve body balance. […] As we age, our bones are affected by genetics, nutrition, exercise, and hormonal loss. We cannot change our genes, but we can control our nutrition and activity level and, if necessary, take osteoporosis medications. […] There are things you can do to maintain and even improve your bone strength. Understand your individual risk for fracture. This is based on any risk factors you have for fracture and your bone density. Ask your doctor if you need a bone density test.

• #14 Prevention of Hip Fracture | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/hip-fracture/treatments/prevention.html

  Preventing a hip fracture is more desirable than treating one. Preventive measures include taking in enough calcium every day. For women past menopause and not taking estrogen, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends 1,500 milligrams (mg) daily. For those taking estrogen, the recommendation is 1,000 mg. Middle-aged men should take 1,000 mg daily. […] Women at menopause should consider having a bone density test. A bone density test is used to measure the bone mineral content and thickness of the bone. This measurement can indicate decreased bone mass, a condition in which bones are more brittle and more prone to break or fracture easily. A bone density test is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk. […] Another way to help prevent hip fracture is to engage in regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking, jogging, or hiking. Exercise programs such as Tai Chi help promote strength and balance. Other preventive measures may include:

• #15 Hip Fracture Prevention Treatment Portland | Hip Fracture Treatment Portland

  https://www.multnomahortho.com/hip-fracture-prevention-orthopedic-surgeon-portland-beaverton-gresham-oregon.html

  Hip fractures refer to any kind of breakage or damage in the thigh bone (femur). People over the age of 65, especially women, are highly vulnerable to hip fractures. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood help in building high bone mass and reduce risk of bone related diseases in later years. Some of the methods of prevention of hip fractures are: […] Most hip fractures occur due to falls. Fall can be prevented by taking care of small things such as removing clutter from the floor, clearing out excess or unwanted furniture, keeping electric cords away from the floor, using enough lighting in the house, using grab bars in the bathrooms and removing throw rugs. […] Exercise helps to maintain muscle strength and can slow bone loss. It also improves your balance and coordination. Exercises such as walking increase bone density in your body. Some other exercises include climbing stairs, jogging, dancing, swimming, and weight training. Balance training can be used to decrease falls and the risk of hip fractures as balance tends to reduce with age.

• #16 Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures | Older Adult Fall Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/index.html

  TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR Ask your doctor or health care provider to evaluate your risk for falling and talk with them about specific things you can do. […] Ask your doctor or health care provider about taking vitamin D supplements. […] GET SCREENED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS Get screened for osteoporosis and treated if needed. […] DO STRENGTH AND BALANCE EXERCISES Do exercises that make your legs stronger and improve your balance. Tai Chi is a good example of this kind of exercise. […] Each year there are about 300,000 hip fracture-related hospitalizations due to older adult falls. […] In 2019, 83% percent of hip fracture deaths and 88% of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for hip fractures were caused by falls. […] The chances of breaking your hip increase as you get older.

• #17 Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures | Older Adult Fall Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/index.html

  TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR Ask your doctor or health care provider to evaluate your risk for falling and talk with them about specific things you can do. […] Ask your doctor or health care provider about taking vitamin D supplements. […] GET SCREENED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS Get screened for osteoporosis and treated if needed. […] DO STRENGTH AND BALANCE EXERCISES Do exercises that make your legs stronger and improve your balance. Tai Chi is a good example of this kind of exercise. […] Each year there are about 300,000 hip fracture-related hospitalizations due to older adult falls. […] In 2019, 83% percent of hip fracture deaths and 88% of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for hip fractures were caused by falls. […] The chances of breaking your hip increase as you get older.

• #18 5 Ways To Avoid Hip Fractures as You Get Older

  https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/5-ways-to-avoid-hip-fractures-as-you-get-older/

  As you get older, your eyesight worsens, your bones weaken, and you can develop balance problems or arthritis, which all put you at greater risk for hip fractures from falls. […] More than 300,000 people in the United States sustain a hip fracture every year. Most of these fractures occur in patients 65 years or older who are injured in falls. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are several things you can do to lessen your risk of falling, including: […] 1. Talk to your doctor, who can evaluate your risk for falling, review your medications to see if any might make you dizzy or sleepy, and possibly suggest vitamin D supplements. […] 2. Get screened for osteoporosis and get treatment, if needed. […] 3. Do strength and balance exercises to improve your balance and make your legs stronger.

• #19 Hip Fracture Prevention Los Angeles | Hip Protectors Rancho Cucamonga

  https://www.corralesadvancedjoints.com/hip-fracture-prevention.html

  You can maintain your bone density by avoiding excessive use of alcohol and by reducing smoking. Too much alcohol can impair your balance and increase the risk of falls. […] Certain medications can have side effects, such as weakness or dizziness and can make you more prone to falls. […] Hip protectors: These are designed in order to decrease the impact of a fall and prevent hip fractures in older people. The device has padding and plastic shields to help absorb the shock of the fall and divert the impact away from vulnerable areas of the hip.

• #20 Hip fracture – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468

  A hip fracture almost always requires surgical repair or replacement, followed by physical therapy. Taking steps to maintain bone density and avoid falls can help prevent a hip fracture. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood build a higher peak bone mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later years. The same measures adopted at any age might lower the risk of falls and improve overall health. […] To avoid falls and to maintain healthy bone: Get enough calcium and vitamin D. In general, men and women age 50 and older should consume 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day, and 600 international units of vitamin D a day. Exercise to strengthen bones and improve balance. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, help maintain peak bone density. Exercise also increases overall strength, decreasing the risk of falling. Balance training also is important to reduce the risk of falls since balance tends to deteriorate with age. Avoid smoking or excessive drinking. Tobacco and alcohol use can reduce bone density. Drinking too much alcohol can also impair balance and increase the risk of falling. Assess the home for hazards. Remove throw rugs, keep electrical cords against the wall, and clear excess furniture and anything else that could trip people. Make sure all rooms and passageways are well lit. Check your eyes. Have an eye exam every other year, or more often if you have diabetes or an eye disease. Use a cane, walking stick or walker. If you don’t feel steady when you walk, ask a health care provider or occupational therapist whether these aids might help.

• #21 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Is there evidence that hip protectors and vitamin D with calcium supplementation reduce hip fractures in the elderly? […] The results are that vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduce incidence of hip fractures. Hip protectors provide some benefit in reducing hip fractures in elderly patients in residential facilities. […] Primary care providers should assess patients for the risk of hip fracture and consider using hip protectors and nutritional supplementation in selected individuals to prevent fractures. […] Osteoporosis is the main risk factor for hip fractures. Therefore, prevention of hip fractures should naturally focus on prevention of falls and osteoporosis, as well as reducing the risk of fracture resultant from a fall. The two common recommended preventative measures are reviewed. There is good evidence that vitamin D plus calcium supplementation are preventative against hip fractures and some evidence that hip protectors can also be preventative in certain groups of high-risk elders.

• #22 How to Prevent Hip Fractures

  https://upmc.ie/blog/orthopaedic-care/prevent-hip-fractures

  Falls can often lead to fractures, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle so even a ground-level fall may cause a fracture of the hip one of the leading causes of disability and death in older individuals. […] An important step in working to prevent hip fractures is understanding osteoporosis, recognizing it, and treating it promptly. […] Once the diagnosis is made, treatment usually consists of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, medication, and weight-bearing exercises. […] Fall prevention is another key factor in minimizing the risk of hip fracture. […] A home safety evaluation by a professional is recommended to help make your everyday surroundings safer. […] With a greater understanding of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and prevention strategies, older individuals can avoid the debilitating condition of a hip fracture and enjoy a higher quality of life.

• #23 Prevention of Hip Fracture | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/hip-fracture/treatments/prevention.html

  Preventing a hip fracture is more desirable than treating one. Preventive measures include taking in enough calcium every day. For women past menopause and not taking estrogen, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends 1,500 milligrams (mg) daily. For those taking estrogen, the recommendation is 1,000 mg. Middle-aged men should take 1,000 mg daily. […] Women at menopause should consider having a bone density test. A bone density test is used to measure the bone mineral content and thickness of the bone. This measurement can indicate decreased bone mass, a condition in which bones are more brittle and more prone to break or fracture easily. A bone density test is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk. […] Another way to help prevent hip fracture is to engage in regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking, jogging, or hiking. Exercise programs such as Tai Chi help promote strength and balance. Other preventive measures may include:

• #24 How to Prevent Hip Fractures | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2017/03/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races, but those at highest risk are post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women. The hormonal changes in menopause cause a decrease in the amount of bone density, putting women at risk for osteoporosis. […] Osteoporosis, which typically has no recognizable symptoms, is diagnosed through a DEXA scan a simple and painless test, similar to an x-ray that measures bone mineral density. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment usually consists of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, medication, and weight-bearing exercises. […] Lifestyle choices contribute so much to ones risk for osteoporosis. To help manage and decrease your risk, its important to establish healthy eating and activity habits, says Dr. Taylor. […] Although family history of osteoporosis and small bone structure are key risk factors in developing the condition, anyone can start making lifestyle changes at a young age to prevent its occurrence. This includes eating a healthy diet with adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D, avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and doing plenty of weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercise, and avoiding cigarettes and excessive alcohol.

• #25 Hip fractures are preventable: a proposal for osteoporosis screening and fall prevention in older people | HKMJ

  https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v26n3/227.htm

  Hip fractures are preventable: a proposal for osteoporosis screening and fall prevention in older people […] To address this situation, a group of experts convened to discuss practical ways to reduce the burden of fractures and formulated three recommendations: first, all men (aged 70 years) and women (aged 65 years) should receive universal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment for osteoporosis. […] By implementing these recommendations, we estimate that we could prevent 5234 hip fractures in 10 years, an annual incidence reduction of approximately 7%, and save HK$425 million in direct medical costs plus substantial indirect savings. […] Therefore, many fractures and associated complications, including secondary fractures and mortality, could be prevented by routine osteoporosis screening in older people and timely treatment initiation in at-risk individuals.

• #26 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Hip protectors are helpful to reduce incidence of hip fractures in residential, high-risk patients. Community elders do not benefit from the use of hip protectors. Overall, there is poor adherence to this intervention. Most common complications are skin irritation and discomfort. […] High-dose vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1200 mg) in combination are effective at reducing risk of hip fracture, especially in institutionalized elderly patients. Adverse events, though rare, can include hypercalcemia and renal disease. […] Primary providers should screen for both risk factors for osteoporosis and the disease itself, including bone density screening. Consider vitamin D and calcium supplementation in high-risk individuals. Hip protectors should be considered for residential elders and those at high-risk of hip fracture.

• #27 Prevention of Hip Fracture | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/hip-fracture/treatments/prevention.html

  Preventing a hip fracture is more desirable than treating one. Preventive measures include taking in enough calcium every day. For women past menopause and not taking estrogen, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends 1,500 milligrams (mg) daily. For those taking estrogen, the recommendation is 1,000 mg. Middle-aged men should take 1,000 mg daily. […] Women at menopause should consider having a bone density test. A bone density test is used to measure the bone mineral content and thickness of the bone. This measurement can indicate decreased bone mass, a condition in which bones are more brittle and more prone to break or fracture easily. A bone density test is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk. […] Another way to help prevent hip fracture is to engage in regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking, jogging, or hiking. Exercise programs such as Tai Chi help promote strength and balance. Other preventive measures may include:

• #28 Hip fracture – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468

  A hip fracture almost always requires surgical repair or replacement, followed by physical therapy. Taking steps to maintain bone density and avoid falls can help prevent a hip fracture. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood build a higher peak bone mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later years. The same measures adopted at any age might lower the risk of falls and improve overall health. […] To avoid falls and to maintain healthy bone: Get enough calcium and vitamin D. In general, men and women age 50 and older should consume 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day, and 600 international units of vitamin D a day. Exercise to strengthen bones and improve balance. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, help maintain peak bone density. Exercise also increases overall strength, decreasing the risk of falling. Balance training also is important to reduce the risk of falls since balance tends to deteriorate with age. Avoid smoking or excessive drinking. Tobacco and alcohol use can reduce bone density. Drinking too much alcohol can also impair balance and increase the risk of falling. Assess the home for hazards. Remove throw rugs, keep electrical cords against the wall, and clear excess furniture and anything else that could trip people. Make sure all rooms and passageways are well lit. Check your eyes. Have an eye exam every other year, or more often if you have diabetes or an eye disease. Use a cane, walking stick or walker. If you don’t feel steady when you walk, ask a health care provider or occupational therapist whether these aids might help.

• #29 A Scoping Review of Strategies for the Prevention of Hip Fracture in Elderly Nursing Home Residents | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009515

  In pooling data from trials of oral vitamin D compared to placebo or usual care (12,875 individuals), the odds ratio (OR) for hip fracture in the vitamin D-treated group was 0.86. […] The pooled odds ratios (with 95% CRI) for hip fracture in the treatment group according to type and dose of vitamin D are as follows: vitamin D3 (any dosage) – OR 0.78, vitamin D3 at a dosage of 800 IU/day – OR 0.71. […] In a pooled analysis of intention-to-treat data from two trials in which 15 minutes of daily sunlight exposure (on clear days) was used as a form of vitamin D treatment, the odds ratio of hip fracture in the treatment group was 0.43. […] In one trial comparing oral fluoride to placebo, hip fractures were not significantly reduced in the treatment group (OR 1.52). […] In the one study comprised of strictly an exercise intervention, Sakamoto et al. asked participants in the intervention arm, to stand on their right leg for one minute and then their left leg for another minute, for a total of 2 minutes, three times a day; however the risk of hip fracture was not significantly reduced over six months.

• #30 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. Cefazolin, 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight hours, is typically used and recommended within one hour of surgery. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #31 Hip fracture: diagnosis, treatment, and secondary prevention – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25162161/

  Hip fractures cause significant morbidity and are associated with increased mortality. […] Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, before surgery. In addition, patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin. […] Unless contraindicated, bisphosphonate therapy should be used to reduce the risk of another hip fracture. Some patients may benefit from a fall-prevention assessment.

• #32 Hip fracture 2: nursing care from admission to secondary prevention | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/musculoskeletal-and-orthopaedics/hip-fracture-2-nursing-care-from-admission-to-secondary-prevention-21-01-2019/

  Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis may require medication to increase their bone density. This should be accompanied by information on lifestyle changes that can improve overall bone health. Initially, patients may be prescribed bisphosphonates to slow down bone turnover and improve bone density, but other antiresorptive or bone-stimulating medications can also be used.

• #33 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Make healthy lifestyle choices. Maintain a healthy weight and eat a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D. Do not smoke and limit your alcohol intake. Begin an exercise program and stick with it. […] Consider bone-boosting medications. In addition to calcium and Vitamin D supplements, there are many drug options that slow bone loss and increase bone strength. Talk to your doctor about these methods for protecting your bones.

• #34 Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician’s Role | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0615/p2195.html

  To reduce bone loss, physicians should encourage postmenopausal women to participate in regular weight-bearing exercise, to quit smoking, to limit alcohol intake, and to receive at least 1,500 mg of elemental calcium and 600 to 800 IU of vitamin D per day. […] Interventions to reduce the risk of falls should target identified risk factors (e.g., muscle weakness; history of falls; use of four or more prescription medications; use of an assistive device; arthritis; depression; age older than 80 years; impairments in gait, balance, cognition, vision, or activities of daily living).

• #35 How to Prevent Hip Fractures | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2017/03/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races, but those at highest risk are post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women. The hormonal changes in menopause cause a decrease in the amount of bone density, putting women at risk for osteoporosis. […] Osteoporosis, which typically has no recognizable symptoms, is diagnosed through a DEXA scan a simple and painless test, similar to an x-ray that measures bone mineral density. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment usually consists of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, medication, and weight-bearing exercises. […] Lifestyle choices contribute so much to ones risk for osteoporosis. To help manage and decrease your risk, its important to establish healthy eating and activity habits, says Dr. Taylor. […] Although family history of osteoporosis and small bone structure are key risk factors in developing the condition, anyone can start making lifestyle changes at a young age to prevent its occurrence. This includes eating a healthy diet with adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D, avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and doing plenty of weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercise, and avoiding cigarettes and excessive alcohol.

• #36 Hip fracture – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468

  A hip fracture almost always requires surgical repair or replacement, followed by physical therapy. Taking steps to maintain bone density and avoid falls can help prevent a hip fracture. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood build a higher peak bone mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later years. The same measures adopted at any age might lower the risk of falls and improve overall health. […] To avoid falls and to maintain healthy bone: Get enough calcium and vitamin D. In general, men and women age 50 and older should consume 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day, and 600 international units of vitamin D a day. Exercise to strengthen bones and improve balance. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, help maintain peak bone density. Exercise also increases overall strength, decreasing the risk of falling. Balance training also is important to reduce the risk of falls since balance tends to deteriorate with age. Avoid smoking or excessive drinking. Tobacco and alcohol use can reduce bone density. Drinking too much alcohol can also impair balance and increase the risk of falling. Assess the home for hazards. Remove throw rugs, keep electrical cords against the wall, and clear excess furniture and anything else that could trip people. Make sure all rooms and passageways are well lit. Check your eyes. Have an eye exam every other year, or more often if you have diabetes or an eye disease. Use a cane, walking stick or walker. If you don’t feel steady when you walk, ask a health care provider or occupational therapist whether these aids might help.

• #37 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. Cefazolin, 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight hours, is typically used and recommended within one hour of surgery. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #38 Hip fracture: diagnosis, treatment, and secondary prevention – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25162161/

  Hip fractures cause significant morbidity and are associated with increased mortality. […] Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, before surgery. In addition, patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin. […] Unless contraindicated, bisphosphonate therapy should be used to reduce the risk of another hip fracture. Some patients may benefit from a fall-prevention assessment.

• #39 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. Cefazolin, 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight hours, is typically used and recommended within one hour of surgery. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #40 Hip fracture: diagnosis, treatment, and secondary prevention – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25162161/

  Hip fractures cause significant morbidity and are associated with increased mortality. […] Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, before surgery. In addition, patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin. […] Unless contraindicated, bisphosphonate therapy should be used to reduce the risk of another hip fracture. Some patients may benefit from a fall-prevention assessment.

• #41 Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician’s Role | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0615/p2195.html

  The incidence of hip fracture is expected to increase as the population ages. […] Surgical repair is recommended for stable patients within 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated to prevent infection after surgery. Thromboprophylaxis has become the standard of care for management of hip fracture. […] Interventions to help prevent future falls, exercise and balance training in ambulatory patients, and the treatment of osteoporosis are important strategies for the secondary prevention of hip fracture. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to prevent infection after hip fracture surgery. […] Guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians recommend thromboprophylaxis for at least 10 days after surgery for patients with hip fracture. The guidelines recommend extended prophylaxis with fondaparinux, LMWH, or warfarin for 28 to 35 days after surgery, particularly for patients at high risk of thromboembolism (e.g., history of VTE, current obesity, delayed mobilization, advanced age, malignancy).

• #42 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. Cefazolin, 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight hours, is typically used and recommended within one hour of surgery. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #43 Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician’s Role | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0615/p2195.html

  The incidence of hip fracture is expected to increase as the population ages. […] Surgical repair is recommended for stable patients within 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated to prevent infection after surgery. Thromboprophylaxis has become the standard of care for management of hip fracture. […] Interventions to help prevent future falls, exercise and balance training in ambulatory patients, and the treatment of osteoporosis are important strategies for the secondary prevention of hip fracture. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to prevent infection after hip fracture surgery. […] Guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians recommend thromboprophylaxis for at least 10 days after surgery for patients with hip fracture. The guidelines recommend extended prophylaxis with fondaparinux, LMWH, or warfarin for 28 to 35 days after surgery, particularly for patients at high risk of thromboembolism (e.g., history of VTE, current obesity, delayed mobilization, advanced age, malignancy).

• #44 One Minute Consult | When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture?

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/ccjm/September2006/grant.htm

  When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture? The short answer is immediately, but several issues need consideration before starting pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a hip fracture: […] Approximately 350,000 hip fractures occur annually, with an anticipated increase to 500,000 by 2040. […] Clearly, all patients with hip fracture need prophylaxis against VTE. […] We feel it is important to begin preventive anticoagulation immediately, since in many cases patients do not undergo surgery until 24 to 48 hours after arrival at the hospital, leaving them unprotected against the risks of VTE during that time. […] VTE prophylaxis can be broadly classified in two categories: mechanical and pharmacologic. […] Aspirin is not recommended for VTE prophylaxis.

• #45 One Minute Consult | When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture?

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/ccjm/September2006/grant.htm

  The evidence to date seems to indicate that fondaparinux is the most effective agent. […] Prompt and sufficient prophylaxis. Patients who develop VTE after hip fracture have significantly higher morbidity rates, longer hospital stays, and costs of inpatient care almost twice as high as those for patients with hip fracture who do not develop VTE. […] Warfarin is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for VTE prophylaxis in hip fracture patients. […] Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin and dalteparin have gained popularity recently compared with low-dose unfractionated heparin since they are well absorbed from subcutaneous tissue, are less likely to induce thrombocytopenia, and can be dosed once daily. […] Although the current evidence favors fondaparinux in efficacy, using enoxaparin 40 mg up to 12 hours preoperatively and resuming therapy 12 to 24 hours postoperatively is another strategy endorsed by the ACCP.

• #46 Hip Fracture Prevention Tips | Hip Fracture Treatment Houston | Hip Surgery Houston

  https://www.alfredmansourmd.com/hip-fracture-prevention-alfred-a-mansour-md-hip-preservation-sports-medicine-surgeon.html

  You can maintain your bone density by avoiding excessive use of alcohol and by reducing smoking. Too much alcohol can impair your balance and increase the risk of falls. […] These are designed in order to decrease the impact of a fall and prevent hip fractures in older people. The device has padding and plastic shields to help absorb the shock of the fall and divert the impact away from vulnerable areas of the hip. […] However, you can maintain your bone health with good nutrition and appropriate activity levels. You can also take osteoporosis medications if required.

• #47 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Hip protectors are helpful to reduce incidence of hip fractures in residential, high-risk patients. Community elders do not benefit from the use of hip protectors. Overall, there is poor adherence to this intervention. Most common complications are skin irritation and discomfort. […] High-dose vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1200 mg) in combination are effective at reducing risk of hip fracture, especially in institutionalized elderly patients. Adverse events, though rare, can include hypercalcemia and renal disease. […] Primary providers should screen for both risk factors for osteoporosis and the disease itself, including bone density screening. Consider vitamin D and calcium supplementation in high-risk individuals. Hip protectors should be considered for residential elders and those at high-risk of hip fracture.

• #48 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Hip protectors are helpful to reduce incidence of hip fractures in residential, high-risk patients. Community elders do not benefit from the use of hip protectors. Overall, there is poor adherence to this intervention. Most common complications are skin irritation and discomfort. […] High-dose vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1200 mg) in combination are effective at reducing risk of hip fracture, especially in institutionalized elderly patients. Adverse events, though rare, can include hypercalcemia and renal disease. […] Primary providers should screen for both risk factors for osteoporosis and the disease itself, including bone density screening. Consider vitamin D and calcium supplementation in high-risk individuals. Hip protectors should be considered for residential elders and those at high-risk of hip fracture.

• #49 Does hip protector prevent falls and hip fractures? An umbrella review of meta-analyses | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-05122-x

  Wearing hip protectors is a measure used to prevent hip fractures caused by falls. However, its protective effect has remained controversial in previous studies. This study provides a rationale for the use of hip protectors by pooling all the current meta-analysis evidence. […] Hip protectors were effective at reducing hip fractures in older individuals who were in institutions (nursing or residential care settings) but not in communities (RR=0.70, 95% CI0.58 to 0.85, I2=42%, P0.001) (RR=1.12, 95% CI0.94 to 1.34, I2=0%, P=0.20), and they did not reduce falls (RR=1.01, 95% CI0.90 to 1.13, I2=0%, P=0.89). […] Hip protectors are effective at preventing hip fractures in institutionalized older adults but not in community-dwelling older adults. […] The results showed that the use of hip protectors did not reduce the incidence of falls or hip fractures in community-dwelling older adults but did reduce the incidence in institutionalized older adults. […] The results of this study suggest that wearing hip protectors is suitable for preventing hip fractures in the institutional population.

• #50

  https://mjm.mcgill.ca/article/view/378

  Hip fractures cause severe worldwide morbidity and loss of independence, costing national healthcare systems millions of pounds each year. The incidence is increasing with the expanding elderly population common of many Western countries. Hip protectors have been progressively studied in recent years focussing upon their use in hip fracture prevention, and compliance levels. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of protectors, and also investigates compliance levels. […] Of the nine articles, six (66.6%) found hip protectors to be effective in preventing hip fractures in selective populations. However, poor compliance rates were found in all reviewed trials. Future research should therefore focus upon improving compliance rates in the studied population.

• #51 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. Cefazolin, 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight hours, is typically used and recommended within one hour of surgery. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #52 5 Ways To Avoid Hip Fractures as You Get Older

  https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/5-ways-to-avoid-hip-fractures-as-you-get-older/

  As you get older, your eyesight worsens, your bones weaken, and you can develop balance problems or arthritis, which all put you at greater risk for hip fractures from falls. […] More than 300,000 people in the United States sustain a hip fracture every year. Most of these fractures occur in patients 65 years or older who are injured in falls. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are several things you can do to lessen your risk of falling, including: […] 1. Talk to your doctor, who can evaluate your risk for falling, review your medications to see if any might make you dizzy or sleepy, and possibly suggest vitamin D supplements. […] 2. Get screened for osteoporosis and get treatment, if needed. […] 3. Do strength and balance exercises to improve your balance and make your legs stronger.

• #53 Hip fracture prevention strategies needed to help reduce fracture risk and associated costs

  https://www.amgen.ca/en-CA/stories/2022/05/hip-fracture-prevention-strategies-needed-to-help-reduce-fracture-risk-and-associated-costs

  Hip fracture prevention strategies needed to help reduce fracture risk and associated costs. An estimated 7090% of hip fractures are caused by osteoporosis. The study results reinforce the importance of early hip fracture prevention strategies focusing on adults aged 65 with a recent fracture to help reduce hip fracture risk and the high social and human costs. […] To address some of these issues, Osteoporosis Canada created the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) that proactively identifies fracture patients and determines their fracture risk to help facilitate effective osteoporosis treatment for high-risk patients.

• #54 Hip fracture 2: nursing care from admission to secondary prevention | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/musculoskeletal-and-orthopaedics/hip-fracture-2-nursing-care-from-admission-to-secondary-prevention-21-01-2019/

  Hip fractures are common in older people and require admission to hospital and surgical repair. They are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, so skilled nursing assessment and management, alongside collaborative interprofessional working, are needed to optimise outcomes. Key elements of care for improving patient outcomes after a fragility hip fracture are incentivised by the National Tariff Payment System. Fracture care should include secondary prevention of fragility fractures through the assessment and management of osteoporosis and risk of falls. […] The secondary prevention of fragility fractures is an integral part of care, which should therefore include the assessment and management of osteoporosis. […] Fracture liaison services identify patients who have sustained a fragility fracture, are at risk of osteoporosis and are appropriate for further assessment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can be used to measure bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis. This, along with a detailed review by the fracture liaison team, can be organised after discharge. McLellan et al (2011) reported that, for every 1,000 patients with a fragility fracture assessed by fracture liaison services, approximately 18 further fragility fractures (including 11 hip fractures) were prevented and 21,000 saved.

• #55 Hip fracture 2: nursing care from admission to secondary prevention | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/musculoskeletal-and-orthopaedics/hip-fracture-2-nursing-care-from-admission-to-secondary-prevention-21-01-2019/

  Hip fractures are common in older people and require admission to hospital and surgical repair. They are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, so skilled nursing assessment and management, alongside collaborative interprofessional working, are needed to optimise outcomes. Key elements of care for improving patient outcomes after a fragility hip fracture are incentivised by the National Tariff Payment System. Fracture care should include secondary prevention of fragility fractures through the assessment and management of osteoporosis and risk of falls. […] The secondary prevention of fragility fractures is an integral part of care, which should therefore include the assessment and management of osteoporosis. […] Fracture liaison services identify patients who have sustained a fragility fracture, are at risk of osteoporosis and are appropriate for further assessment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can be used to measure bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis. This, along with a detailed review by the fracture liaison team, can be organised after discharge. McLellan et al (2011) reported that, for every 1,000 patients with a fragility fracture assessed by fracture liaison services, approximately 18 further fragility fractures (including 11 hip fractures) were prevented and 21,000 saved.

• #56 The biggest myth about hip fractures and key prevention pointers | Parkview Health

  https://www.parkview.com/blog/the-biggest-myth-about-hip-fractures-and-key-prevention-pointers

  A swift response and rehabilitation help eliminate some of the comorbidities that contribute to poor outcomes, like bed sores, blood clots, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. […] Our goal is to fix hip fractures within 24 hours of a patient presenting in the hospital. Then we repair the break in a way that enables them to get up and walk immediately so that they can get moving and rehabilitate in a timely manner.

• #57 After the fall: RESTORE bone health and prevent future hip fractures in seniors | Orthopaedics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/hip-fractures-seniors/

  Working together closely, the RESTORE Team ensures patients get the right diagnosis sooner, which leads to faster and more effective care, less time waiting for hip fracture surgery, fewer unnecessary tests, and a shorter hospital stay, with supportive recovery from family members, caregivers, and geriatric-orthopedic experts at home. […] Sadly, five to 10 percent of patients with hip fractures will suffer another broken hip nearly a quarter of these injuries will occur within a year of the initial fracture. Protect yourself and aging loved ones by taking precautions to help reduce the risk of falling: […] Manage osteoporosis: Having stronger bones reduces the risk of a serious fracture in the future. Our bone mineral metabolism experts can help you retain and build bone strength through medications, exercise, and improved nutrition. […] RESTORE is an extension of our dedication to providing the best care for elders in our communities, and we are proud to offer full-circle care to help seniors prevent future falls.

• #58 A Scoping Review of Strategies for the Prevention of Hip Fracture in Elderly Nursing Home Residents | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009515

  In summary, we have reviewed data from randomized controlled trials of interventions for the reduction of risk of hip fracture in elderly LTC facility residents. […] Using a Bayesian meta-analysis, we found evidence that supplementation with Vitamin D, particularly Vitamin D3 800 IU daily, reduces the risk of hip fracture in elderly nursing home residents. […] However, given that 2-sided devices are the norm used in clinical practice, and that pooled analyses or randomized controlled trials of this intervention have shown reduction of hip fractures, it may not be appropriate to discount the potential benefit of this intervention in the LTC setting. […] In conclusion, we would recommend routine supplementation with Vitamin D3 800 IU daily for elderly nursing home residents, in considering the potential benefit in reduction of hip fractures, general ease of administration, and low incidence of side effects of this intervention.

• #59 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Hip protectors are helpful to reduce incidence of hip fractures in residential, high-risk patients. Community elders do not benefit from the use of hip protectors. Overall, there is poor adherence to this intervention. Most common complications are skin irritation and discomfort. […] High-dose vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1200 mg) in combination are effective at reducing risk of hip fracture, especially in institutionalized elderly patients. Adverse events, though rare, can include hypercalcemia and renal disease. […] Primary providers should screen for both risk factors for osteoporosis and the disease itself, including bone density screening. Consider vitamin D and calcium supplementation in high-risk individuals. Hip protectors should be considered for residential elders and those at high-risk of hip fracture.

• #60 How to Prevent Hip Fractures | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2017/03/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Fall prevention is another key factor in minimizing the risk of hip fracture. As we age, we lose our ability to recover from an accidental trip, such as over an object or a pet. Seniors often are on multiple medications, and these medications can sometimes interact and lead to dizziness, sleepiness, and loss of balance. […] If you are over the age of 50, have fallen, and have suffered a broken wrist, shoulder, or vertebra, you should take notice. These types of injuries may be a warning that you have low bone density. […] Those kinds of fractures can be associated with a higher risk of future hip fracture, says Dr. Taylor. So, seeking treatment now could help reduce your risk of hip fracture later. […] A home safety evaluation by a professional is recommended to help make your everyday surroundings safer. For example, throw rugs can bunch up and become hazards, and extension cords should never be used across open spaces. Pull bars should be installed in bathrooms, in addition to non-slip bathmats. Avoid risky behavior such as climbing on furniture to change a light bulb or to clean and dust. Adequate lighting is also a necessity, because as we age, eyesight can deteriorate and make it more difficult to see hazards in our path. […] With a greater understanding of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and prevention strategies, older individuals can avoid the debilitating condition of a hip fracture and enjoy a higher quality of life.

• #61 Secondary Prevention of Osteoporosis in Hip Fracture Care for Elderly Patients. Clinical and Functional Profile of Users – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/secondary-prevention-of-osteoporosis-in-hip-fracture-care-for-elderly-patients-clinical-and-functional-profile-of-users/

  Osteoporosis is a first-rate problem in an increasingly ageing population. Falls among the elderly are a severe geriatric syndrome with relevant secondary effects. Fractures associated with both entities among the elderly are a cause of high costs and high morbidity and mortality rates. An adequate treatment of osteoporosis and fall prevention are essential factors to safeguard their well-being. […] The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and circumstances of hip fractures, as well as previous fractures and anti-osteoporotic treatments in 239 elderly patients who were admitted with hip fractures in the year 2022 in the Department of Geriatric Care and Traumatology. […] Osteoporosis is an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Previous fractures often go untreated, which leads to new fractures that compromise the patients independence and quality of life. Hip fractures show the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. Falls play a major role in fractures among the elderly population. Their primary prevention and an adequate osteoporotic treatment must be a priority in elderly care.

• #62 The biggest myth about hip fractures and key prevention pointers | Parkview Health

  https://www.parkview.com/blog/the-biggest-myth-about-hip-fractures-and-key-prevention-pointers

  We encourage our older or fall-risk patients to take precautions like removing rugs from the home, having proper lighting, installing grab bars in specific areas, such as next to the toilet or near steps, and moving to the lower level if they haven’t already. […] Maintaining strength is also crucial to prevent falls as we age. […] As mentioned above, osteoporosis is common in our older population. Patients can reduce their risk of losing bone mass and managing the diagnosis once they have it by getting adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium, particularly men over 75 and post-menopausal women. Regular movement can also help protect your bones. […] Additionally, for those who have had a stroke, there can be some weakness that elevates an individual’s risk for falls. […] The majority of hip fractures are going to require surgery. Ultimately, if you do not operate on the patient, there’s about a 50% mortality rate in the next three months. But we have a lot of literature that indicates that older adults who fall and break their hip, get them fixed quickly and get up to walk soon after the procedure have better outcomes.

• #63 5 Strategies for Preventing Hip Fractures in Older Adults | Medbridge

  https://www.medbridge.com/blog/5-strategies-for-preventing-hip-fractures-in-older-adults

  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 95 percent of all hip fractures result from falls. […] Physical therapists and occupational therapists can help patients prevent falls from happening by keeping their environment, home, and activities safe to support independence and a higher quality of life. The best practice in hip fracture prevention is a multi-system approach. […] Falls are a leading cause of hip fractures in older adults, often resulting in severe loss of function and increased mortality. By identifying fall risks and implementing targeted interventions, physical and occupational therapists play a critical role in fall prevention and supporting safer, more independent aging. […] Use the best tools, provide the best care, and prevent hip fractures.

• #64

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4902a2.htm

  Falls are the leading cause of injury deaths and disabilities among persons aged 65 years. […] Because approximately 95% of hip fractures result from falls, minimizing fall risk is a practical approach to reducing these serious injuries. […] Research demonstrates that effective fall prevention strategies require a multifaceted approach with both behavioral and environmental components. Important elements include education and skill building to increase knowledge about fall risk factors, exercise to improve strength and balance, home modifications to reduce fall hazards, and medication assessment to minimize side effects (e.g., dizziness and grogginess). […] Primary prevention of fall-related injuries involves reducing the occurrence of falls; secondary prevention of fall-related injuries involves preventing injuries when falls occur.

• #65 How to prevent hip fractures and their symptoms | St. Joseph Health

  https://stjoseph.stlukeshealth.org/services/orthopedics-sports-medicine/conditions/hip-fractures

  Hip fracture prevention […] Maintain bone health through adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D […] Engage in weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, dancing, or strength training […] Removing tripping hazards, installing handrails and grab bars, and using non-slip mats […] Choose sturdy, supportive shoes with non-skid soles […] Use walking aids like canes or walkers […] Get regular vision check-ups.

• #66 Preventing hip fractures in the elderly | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/preventing-hip-fractures-in-the-elderly

  Hip fractures present a huge challenge to older people and healthcare systems. That is why fracture prevention strategies are so important in their overall care. […] It is therefore important to employ effective prevention strategies to improve the quality of life in this group of patients. […] Two main fracture prevention strategies are employed: Reducing the risk of falls and improving a persons bone health. […] Older people should be assessed to identify any medical causes that might result in falling. […] If a patient has low bone density or osteoporosis, it can significantly increase their risk of fracture. Bone density tests are therefore recommended for older people at risk of fractures. […] Exercises can also maintain muscle strength and reduce the risk of slipping and tripping up. Likewise, a diet that provides enough calcium and vitamin D is equally important.

• #67 IOF urges action for prevention as study predicts global hip fractures to almost double by 2050 | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/news/iof-urges-action-prevention-study-predicts-global-hip-fractures-almost-double-2050-20230614

  IOF urges action for prevention as study predicts global hip fractures to almost double by 2050. Of all osteoporosis-related fractures, hip fractures cause the most morbidity with reported mortality rates up to 20-24% in the first year after a hip fracture. […] The findings of this important study highlight the urgent need for improved strategies in hip fracture prevention and care. […] A first step is to prioritize the implementation of post-fracture care coordination programmes, such as Fracture Liaison Services, to ensure that any older adult who has sustained a first hip fracture receives the needed treatment and management to prevent further, potentially life-threatening fractures. […] The time for action is now. IOF urges healthcare care systems to address the treatment gap through targeted policy and multidisciplinary intervention to reduce the impact of the hip fracture in the coming decades.

• #68 Hip Fractures May Double by 2050; Prevention Needed | Hebrew SeniorLife

  https://www.hebrewseniorlife.org/news/hip-fractures-nearly-double-worldwide-2050

  Researchers Call for Urgent Action in Hip Fracture Prevention. […] A significant treatment gap of patients sustaining a hip fracture not receiving therapy to prevent future fractures was also observed in all countries and regions, particularly in men. […] The study highlights an urgent need for better strategies in hip fracture prevention and care. […] Given that hip fracture is not only a medical issue, but also a social issue that often requires institutionalisation, government policy and multidisciplinary intervention should be considered to reduce the impact of the hip fracture in the coming 30 years.

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