Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940

  Acid reflux happens when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus. This can cause heartburn and other symptoms. Frequent or constant reflux can lead to GERD. […] Gastroesophageal reflux disease happens when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus and causes heartburn. It’s often called GERD for short. This backwash is known as acid reflux, and it can irritate the lining of the esophagus. […] GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux or reflux of nonacidic content from the stomach. […] If the sphincter does not relax as is typical or it weakens, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus. This constant backwash of acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, often causing it to become inflamed.

• #1 Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/symptoms-causes

  Your lower esophageal sphincter and diaphragm most often prevent GER, which is when stomach contents come back up into your esophagus. […] GERD may develop if your lower esophageal sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldnt. Factors that may affect the lower esophageal sphincter and lead to GERD include being overweight or having obesity, being pregnant, smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke. […] Some medicines can cause GERD or make GERD symptoms worse. Examples include benzodiazepines, sedatives that make you calmer or sleepy, calcium channel blockers, which are used to treat high blood pressure, certain asthma medicines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants. […] A hiatal hernia can also increase the chance of getting GERD or make GERD symptoms worse. A hiatal hernia is a condition in which the opening in your diaphragm lets the upper part of the stomach move up into your chest.

• #1 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6140167/

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common digestive disorder worldwide with an estimated prevalence of 18.1-27.8% in North America. […] Risk factors for GERD include older age, excessive body mass index (BMI), smoking, anxiety/depression, and less physical activity at work. […] Gastroesophageal reflux is primarily a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) but there are several factors that may contribute to its development. The factors influencing GERD are both physiologic and pathologic. The most common cause is transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). […] Other factors include reduced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, hiatal hernias, impaired esophageal clearance, and delayed gastric emptying. […] Left untreated, GERD can result in several serious complications, including esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus.

• #1 Acid Reflux Disease Symptoms, Causes, Tests, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/what-is-acid-reflux-disease

  Acid reflux disease is also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia. This happens when the upper part of the stomach and LES move above the diaphragm, a muscle that separates your stomach from your chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps keep acid in your stomach. But if you have a hiatal hernia, acid can move up into your esophagus and cause symptoms of acid reflux disease. […] These are other common risk factors for acid reflux disease: Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal, Being overweight or obese, Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist, Snacking close to bedtime, Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods, Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea, Smoking, Being pregnant, Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications.

• #1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion, dysphagia, heartburn, odynophagia, regurgitation, non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as chronic cough, hoarseness, reflux-induced laryngitis, or asthma. In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett’s esophagus may arise. […] Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the disease include benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDs, and certain asthma medicines. Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus.

• #1 Heartburn and acid reflux

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heartburn-and-acid-reflux/

  Heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat (acid reflux). If it keeps happening, it may be called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). […] Sometimes it’s caused or made worse by: certain food and drink such as coffee, tomatoes, alcohol, chocolate and fatty or spicy foods; being overweight; smoking; pregnancy; stress and anxiety; an increase in some types of hormones, such as progesterone and oestrogen; some medicines, such as anti-inflammatory painkillers (like ibuprofen); a hiatus hernia when part of your stomach moves up into your chest; a stomach ulcer; a bacterial infection in your stomach. […] If you have acid reflux, a GP may prescribe a medicine called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces how much acid your stomach makes.

• #1 What Causes Heartburn (Acid Reflux)? | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/what-causes-heartburn-and-acid-reflux.html

  Heartburn happens because stomach acid becomes backed up in the esophagus, which moves food from your mouth to your stomach. […] The burning sensation is usually the result of stomach acid leaking up into the esophagus through a flaw in a valve known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which connects the esophagus and the stomach. […] Many things can trigger heartburn. The most common cause is food that’s acidic or high in fatlike citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. […] Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications. […] Tobacco in cigarettes is known to affect LES function too; cigarette smoking relaxes the muscle, which can result in heartburn. […] Being overweight or pregnant can also trigger heartburn due to added pressure on the abdomen and stomach.

• #1 Acid Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/acid-reflux-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Hiatal hernia—Your diaphragm, the big, flat muscle just beneath your chest, functions as a „muscular guard” to keep your esophageal sphincter in place. A hiatal hernia happens when there’s an opening in the diaphragm and the upper part of the stomach. The stomach sticks out through that space. Now the upper part of the stomach is higher than the esophagus, so the acid easily flows back up through the esophagus. […] Diabetes—Scientists theorize that diabetes-related neuropathy or nerve damage can make people with diabetes more prone to Hiatal hernias. […] Obesity—Obesity can cause increased pressure on the diaphragm. […] Certain lifestyle factors can increase your likelihood of developing acid reflux: Certain foods—Caffeine, citrus fruits, tomatoes, spicy foods, fried food, fatty food, chocolate, garlic, and peppermint flavor.

• #1 What Causes Acid Reflux and GERD? 9 Reasons

  https://www.health.com/condition/heartburn/acid-reflux-causes

  Obesity is one of the main risk factors behind both acid reflux and GERD. It may also increase the risk of GERD complications like Barrett’s esophagus. […] Extra abdominal (belly) fat adds pressure to your stomach, which forces acid up into the esophagus. […] Acid reflux is common during pregnancy. […] Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that attacks your body’s connective tissues. Many people with scleroderma develop acid reflux as a symptom. […] Smoking can damage your digestive system. […] Stress has been shown to trigger or worsen acid reflux symptoms. […] Some of the most common causes of acid reflux include certain foods and drinks, medications, and obesity.

• #1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease

  Factors that can contribute to GERD: Hiatal hernia, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors. Obesity: increasing body mass index is associated with more severe GERD. In a large series of 2,000 patients with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been shown that 13% of changes in esophageal acid exposure is attributable to changes in body mass index. […] The etiology of GERD appears to include the reflux of bile from the stomach into the esophagus leading to the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and then inflammation and induction of DNA damage.

• #1 Causes of Acid Reflux Disease: Hiatal Hernia, Pregnancy, Foods, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/common-causes-acid-reflux-disease

  Several factors may increase your risk for acid reflux disease. […] One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia, which can occur in people of any age. […] Many women experience acid reflux for the first time during pregnancy. […] Smoking may contribute to acid reflux disease by doing any of the following: damaging mucus membranes, impairing muscle reflexes in the throat, increasing acid secretion, reducing LES muscle function, and reducing salivation, which neutralizes the effect of acid. […] Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal can trigger heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. […] Other common causes of acid reflux disease include being overweight or obese, eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist, snacking close to bedtime or lying down right after a meal, and taking aspirin or ibuprofen, some muscle relaxers, or certain blood pressure medications.

• #1 GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/gerd-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease

  As a result, when the esophagus is exposed to stomach acid, it becomes irritated and inflamed. […] Acid reflux happens to just about everyone from time to time and usually causes only mild symptoms. […] But GERD occurs when acid reflux is chronic and repeatedly causes heartburn or other symptoms or complications. […] The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, which may last for several hours. […] Other symptoms may include: Heartburn, Regurgitation of stomach contents into the throat or mouth, Bitter or sour taste, Chest pain, Nausea and/or vomiting, Difficult or painful swallowing, Hoarseness (sometimes laryngitis), Cough, Sensation of a lump in the throat. […] Several factors can increase the risk of developing GERD, including: Weight gain, being overweight or obese, Family history of GERD, Hiatal hernia (condition in which the top of the stomach at the esophageal junction bulges into the chest), Smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke, Eating fatty foods, Drinking alcohol, coffee, or carbonated beverages, Lying down within 3 hours of eating, Taking certain medications including some antidepressants, calcium channel blockers (high blood pressure medications), sedatives, and some medications used to treat asthma.

• #1 Acid Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/acid-reflux-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Have you ever experienced a burning feeling in your chest after eating three chili hotdogs with relish and extra mustard with an extra-large order of spicy curly fries? That’s acid reflux, and about 20% of people have this condition. You don’t have to be an adult to have acid reflux. Even babies can have it. Learn about what causes or triggers acid reflux and what treatments can help. […] Several factors can cause GERD. These factors weaken the lower esophageal sphincter’s strength or cause it to loosen. Some of these are physical or medical conditions, and some are lifestyle-related. […] Pregnancy—Higher levels of progesterone in pregnancy relax smooth muscles, including the lower esophageal sphincter. The expanding uterus can also cause pressure on the stomach contents, encouraging them to wash back up the esophagus.

• #1 Heartburn & Acid Reflux | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/symptoms/heartburn-and-reflux/

  There are certain factors which appear to increase the risk of heartburn and reflux. These include: Smoking, Drinking excess alcohol, Pregnancy, Stooping or bending forwards, Excess Body weight. […] Many women can develop heartburn during the later stages of pregnancy as the growing baby pushes upwards on the stomach. […] A hiatus hernia is when part of the stomach slides upwards into the chest by pushing itself through a hole (called the hiatus) in the diaphragm muscle (sliding hiatus hernia). The hernia itself rarely causes any symptoms but it does seem to make reflux more likely. […] However, many people can suffer from heartburn when there is no apparent lifestyle or other factor. It is also quite common for people to develop symptoms because of reflux when there are no signs of oesophagitis. Doctors believe that in such cases the lining of the oesophagus is unusually sensitive to reflux of acid.

• #1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-and-heartburn

  A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. This may result from a weakening of the surrounding tissues and may be aggravated by obesity or smoking. […] About 30% to 40% of reflux is most likely hereditary, according to several twin and family studies. An inherited risk exists in many cases of GERD, possibly because of inherited muscular or structural problems in the stomach or esophagus. Genetic factors may play an especially strong role in susceptibility to Barrett esophagus, a precancerous condition caused by very severe GERD. […] Other disorders that may contribute to GERD include diabetes, any gastrointestinal disorder (including peptic ulcers), lymphomas, and other types of cancer.

• #1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-disease-gord/

  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is usually caused by the ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus (gullet) becoming weakened. […] But for people with GORD, stomach acid is able to pass back up into the oesophagus. This causes symptoms of GORD, which can include heartburn and acid reflux. […] Its not always clear what causes this ring of muscle to become weakened, but certain things can increase the risk of it happening. […] The following factors may increase your risk of developing GORD: being overweight or obese this can place increased pressure on your stomach and weaken the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, eating large amounts of fatty foods the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid after digesting a fatty meal and the resulting excess acid may leak up into the oesophagus, smoking, alcohol, coffee or chocolate these may relax the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, pregnancy temporary changes in hormone levels and increased pressure on your stomach during pregnancy can cause GORD, hiatus hernia when part of your stomach pushes up through your diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle between the chest and tummy), gastroparesis when the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid, which means excess acid can leak up into the oesophagus, certain medicines some medicines can cause GORD or make the symptoms worse, including calcium-channel blockers (used to treat high blood pressure), nitrates (used to treat angina) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress. […] GORD can sometimes affect several members of the same family and its been suggested that the genes you inherit from your parents may also affect your chances of developing the condition.

• #1 Heartburn: What It Feels Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9617-heartburn-overview

  Often, more than one of these factors contributes to acid reflux and heartburn. […] Heartburn is usually a disorder of the esophagus with acid reflux as the most likely cause. […] If heartburn is relatively new to you, and you haven’t recently changed your diet or lifestyle, you may be getting it for other reasons that can develop gradually over time. […] Heartburn may develop or worsen as you age because your muscles weaken, including your lower esophageal sphincter. […] If your heartburn is from acid reflux, you may have symptoms like burping, a sour taste in the mouth, nausea, and regurgitation of food. […] Acid reflux that causes heartburn may also indicate other hidden problems in your digestive system.

• #1 Acid Reflux and GERD: Causes, Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2021/acid-reflux-and-gerd.html

  The discomfort is caused by stomach contents flowing upward into the esophagus, where they lead to symptoms like heartburn. […] Acid reflux occurs when the valve opens when it’s not supposed to, so the stomach contents be they food, acid or digestive juices flow backward. […] GERD is chronic acid reflux that becomes problematic. According to the American College of Gastroenterology, it’s believed that as many as 20 percent of U.S. adults suffer from it. […] Age can be a factor. Just as our skin gets looser as we get older, the bundle of muscle that makes up the lower esophageal sphincter, as well as the supporting structures of the stomach, may not be as taut, ultimately creating more leeway for digested food to gravitate upward. […] Ignoring persistent symptoms of GERD can damage the esophagus, since the constant backwash of acid irritates the lining and can cause scar tissue to form over time.

• #1 GERD & Heartburn in Kids: Signs, Causes, & Treatment | CHOC

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/gerd/

  The following conditions may increase the likelihood of your child developing GERD: Birth defects, Premature birth, Down syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Head injury, Food allergies, Obesity, Exposure to tobacco smoke, Narrow or short esophagus, Eosinophilic esophagitis. […] Eosinophilic esophagitis also known as EoE, is a disease in which eosinophils (allergy cells) build up in the lining of the esophagus. […] GERD is a concern in kids because when stomach contents come up into the esophagus during reflux, infants and children can experience difficulty breathing, episodes of pneumonia and chronic coughing or wheezing. […] Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of GERD. […] Many infants who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease will “outgrow it” by the time they are about a year old, as the lower esophageal sphincter becomes stronger.

• #1 Causes of Sudden Heartburn and How to Treat It

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-am-i-getting-heartburn-all-of-a-sudden-7963004

  Obesity (defined as a body mass index over 30) can independently increase the risk of acid reflux. […] Anxiety can cause heartburn due to the release of the stress hormone called cortisol. […] A hiatal hernia occurs when part of your stomach pushes into the chest cavity through a hole in your diaphragm. This can cause the esophagus to become twisted, contorting the LES and allowing stomach acids to leak. […] Stomach ulcers, also known as peptic ulcers, are open sores that develop in the stomach due to H. pylori infection or the overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)). […] Heartburn is a symptom of acid reflux, a condition caused by the weakening of the valve between the stomach and esophagus. The risk of heartburn can increase with age or be triggered by diet, medications, stress, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, and conditions like hiatal hernia or ulcers in your stomach or esophagus.

• #1 Causes of GERD – About GERD

  https://aboutgerd.org/what-is/introduction-to-gerd/causes-of-gerd/

  Reflux occurs when that barrier is relaxed at inappropriate times, is weak, or is otherwise compromised. […] There is no known single cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It occurs when the esophageal defenses are overwhelmed by gastric contents that reflux into the esophagus. […] Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the LES barrier is somehow compromised. […] A hiatal hernia may decrease the sphincter pressure necessary to maintain the anti-reflux barrier. […] Even when the LES and the diaphragm are intact and functioning normally, reflux can still occur. […] The extent of injury to the esophagus and the degree of severity of GERD depends on the frequency of reflux, the amount of time the refluxed material stays in the esophagus, and the quantity of acid in the esophagus.

• #1

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/gastroesohageal-reflux-gerd

  Acid reflux is caused by a problem with a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus (the esophageal sphincter). Normally, the muscle relaxes to let food and liquid into the stomach, then it closes. When the muscle doesnt close correctly, stomach acid can back up through the partial opening leading to acid reflux symptoms. […] Frequent, long-term heartburn can allow acid to wear away the lining of the esophagus and cause problems such as scar tissue that narrows the esophagus, sores (peptic ulcers) in the esophagus or even precancerous changes to the esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus). […] Having some of the factors listed below can mean youre at increased risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease. […] If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, your Aurora team will work with you to determine the best GERD treatment options for relief. […] Medications will reduce symptoms for most people, but not all. And they dont repair the damage done by gastroesophageal reflux disease over the long term.

• #1 GERD: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085

  GERD can worsen and result in other conditions if left untreated. These may include esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett’s esophagus, and respiratory problems. […] A 2021 study found that GERD can contribute to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Another 2021 study found that GERD is common in people with asthma and may cause lung transplant complications.

• #1 Acid Reflux & GERD: Symptoms, What It Is, Causes, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17019-acid-reflux-gerd

  Acid reflux happens when your LES weakens or relaxes enough to let acid pass. […] Common causes of acid reflux and GERD include: Hiatal hernia, Pregnancy, Obesity, Smoking. […] Many things can contribute to weakening your LES, either temporarily or permanently. […] Temporary conditions can cause temporary acid reflux. But GERD is a constant, mechanical problem. […] Acid reflux is considered chronic when you’ve had it at least twice a week for several weeks. […] Foods and drinks probably aren’t enough to cause acid reflux alone, but they can contribute to it. […] Chronic acid reflux can really affect your quality of life, and it can also do real damage to your tissues. […] Acid reflux mostly affects your esophagus, though sometimes it can get into your windpipe or even your airways. […] Possible complications include: Esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, Esophageal stricture, Laryngopharyngeal reflux, Asthma.

• #1 GERD and LPR – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/gerd-and-lpr/

  Acid reflux occurs when acidic stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, the swallowing tube that leads from the back of the throat to the stomach. […] When acid repeatedly refluxes from the stomach into the esophagus alone, it is known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, if the stomach acid travels up the esophagus and spills into the throat or voice box (called the pharynx/larynx), it is known as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). […] GERD and LPR can result from physical causes and/or lifestyle factors. Physical causes can include weak or abnormal muscles at the lower end of the esophagus where it meets the stomach, normally acting as a barrier for stomach contents re-entering the esophagus. Other physical causes include hiatal hernia, abnormal esophageal spasms, and slow stomach emptying. Changes like pregnancy and choices we all make daily can cause reflux as well. […] GERD and LPR in infants and children may be related to causes mentioned above, or to growth and development issues.

• #1 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6140167/

  Patients with persistent acid reflux may be at risk for Barrett’s esophagus, defined as intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus. […] The only proven lifestyle modification for the management of GERD is head of bed (HOB) elevation. […] Medication therapy for GERD is targeted at symptom reduction and minimizing mucosal damage from acid reflux. […] While acid suppression is successful in the treatment of GERD, there does not appear to be a clear relationship between GERD severity and high gastric acid levels with the exception being Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. […] Proton pump inhibitors are the most potent class of antacid medications. […] In GERD patients refractory to twice daily PPI dosing, there is some evidence to show that adding a nighttime H2 blocker can be beneficial. […] The use of anti-reflux surgery (fundoplication) has been controversial.

• #2 Acid Reflux & GERD: Symptoms, What It Is, Causes, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17019-acid-reflux-gerd

  Acid reflux happens when your LES weakens or relaxes enough to let acid pass. […] Common causes of acid reflux and GERD include: Hiatal hernia, Pregnancy, Obesity, Smoking. […] Many things can contribute to weakening your LES, either temporarily or permanently. […] Temporary conditions can cause temporary acid reflux. But GERD is a constant, mechanical problem. […] Acid reflux is considered chronic when you’ve had it at least twice a week for several weeks. […] Foods and drinks probably aren’t enough to cause acid reflux alone, but they can contribute to it. […] Chronic acid reflux can really affect your quality of life, and it can also do real damage to your tissues. […] Acid reflux mostly affects your esophagus, though sometimes it can get into your windpipe or even your airways. […] Possible complications include: Esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, Esophageal stricture, Laryngopharyngeal reflux, Asthma.

• #2 Acid Reflux/GERD | ACG

  https://gi.org/topics/acid-reflux/

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic medical condition caused by the flow of contents from the stomach upwards into the esophagus resulting in both symptoms and complications. The most common symptoms of GERD are heartburn and regurgitation. […] GERD is caused by the flow of gastric acid and bile into the esophagus. The stomach is designed to handle these fluids. When the gastric contents come into contact with the esophagus, it can produce the classic symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. In addition, these fluids are toxic to the lining of the esophagus and can cause damage such as ulcers or even pre-cancerous changes such as Barrett’s esophagus. […] GERD is almost never caused by the production of too much acid. It is caused by abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.

• #2 Heartburn – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223

  Heartburn occurs when stomach acid backs up into the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach (esophagus). […] If the lower esophageal sphincter isn’t working as it should, stomach acid can flow back up into the esophagus (acid reflux) and cause heartburn. […] Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus. This can cause heartburn and other signs and symptoms. Frequent or constant reflux can lead to .

• #2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-and-heartburn

  The band of muscle tissue called the LES is responsible for closing and opening the lower end of the esophagus, and is essential for maintaining a pressure barrier against contents from the stomach. For it to function properly, there needs to be interaction between smooth muscles and various hormones. If it weakens and loses tone, the LES cannot close completely after food empties into the stomach, and acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. Dietary substances, drugs, and nervous system factors can weaken the LES and impair its function. […] People with GERD may have abnormal nerve or muscle function in the stomach. These abnormalities prevent the stomach muscles from contracting normally, which causes delays in stomach emptying, and increasing the risk for acid back-up. […] Some studies suggest that most people with atypical GERD symptoms (such as hoarseness, chronic cough, or the feeling of having a lump in the throat) have specific abnormalities in the esophagus.

• #2 Heartburn: Symptoms, Causes, Medications, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.rxlist.com/heartburn/drugs-condition.htm

  A hiatal hernia where a portion of the stomach lies within the chest instead of the in the abdomen can affect the way the LES works and is a risk factor for reflux. […] Pregnancy can cause increased pressure within the abdominal cavity and affect LES function and predispose it to reflux. […] Obesity may also cause increased pressure in the abdomen, and thus reflux in the same way. […] Primary diseases of the esophagus can also present with heartburn as a symptom. These include, among others, scleroderma and sarcoidosis.

• #2 Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/symptoms-causes

  Your lower esophageal sphincter and diaphragm most often prevent GER, which is when stomach contents come back up into your esophagus. […] GERD may develop if your lower esophageal sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldnt. Factors that may affect the lower esophageal sphincter and lead to GERD include being overweight or having obesity, being pregnant, smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke. […] Some medicines can cause GERD or make GERD symptoms worse. Examples include benzodiazepines, sedatives that make you calmer or sleepy, calcium channel blockers, which are used to treat high blood pressure, certain asthma medicines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants. […] A hiatal hernia can also increase the chance of getting GERD or make GERD symptoms worse. A hiatal hernia is a condition in which the opening in your diaphragm lets the upper part of the stomach move up into your chest.

• #2 What Causes Heartburn (Acid Reflux)? | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/what-causes-heartburn-and-acid-reflux.html

  Heartburn happens because stomach acid becomes backed up in the esophagus, which moves food from your mouth to your stomach. […] The burning sensation is usually the result of stomach acid leaking up into the esophagus through a flaw in a valve known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which connects the esophagus and the stomach. […] Many things can trigger heartburn. The most common cause is food that’s acidic or high in fatlike citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. […] Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications. […] Tobacco in cigarettes is known to affect LES function too; cigarette smoking relaxes the muscle, which can result in heartburn. […] Being overweight or pregnant can also trigger heartburn due to added pressure on the abdomen and stomach.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Heartburn-(Acid-Reflux).aspx

  In addition, spicy foods, alcohol, coffee, and caffeinated drinks can induce excessive acid secretion in the stomach and increases the change of heartburn. […] Certain medications, such as pain killers, muscle relaxants, sedatives, and high blood pressure medicines, are known to trigger acid reflux and cause heartburn. […] In some cases, obesity, being overweight, pregnancy, and stressful conditions can also cause heartburn. Certain things that aggravate heartburn include smoking, carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, chocolate and peppermints, onion, etc. Lying down just after having food can also worsen the situation.

• #2 GERD (acid reflux): Causes, symptoms & treatment | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34727-gerd-heartburn-symptoms-treatment.html

  Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach contents passes backwards into the esophagus (throat), causing symptoms such as belching, bloating and nausea after eating. […] Foods, such as onion and garlic, and drinks like alcohol, coffee and fizzy beverages can cause or exacerbate symptoms of GERD and acidic foods, including citrus fruits, can make the conditions of the stomach more acidic. […] A high fat intake, coffee consumption, chocolate, spicy foods and alcohol all increase incidents of reflux, although there is less data around fried food or carbonated beverages and their links to GERD, according to research in the journal of Current Medicinal Chemistry. […] Dr Deborah Lee, MD, from Dr Fox Online Pharmacy, tells us there is a strong link between obesity and GERD symptoms. Obesity is such a potent cause of reflux that assisting significant weight loss, and enabling the weight loss to be maintained, has positive benefits in reducing reflux symptoms, she says.

• #2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease

  Factors that can contribute to GERD: Hiatal hernia, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors. Obesity: increasing body mass index is associated with more severe GERD. In a large series of 2,000 patients with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been shown that 13% of changes in esophageal acid exposure is attributable to changes in body mass index. […] The etiology of GERD appears to include the reflux of bile from the stomach into the esophagus leading to the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and then inflammation and induction of DNA damage.

• #2 Causes of Acid Reflux Disease: Hiatal Hernia, Pregnancy, Foods, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/common-causes-acid-reflux-disease

  Several factors may increase your risk for acid reflux disease. […] One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia, which can occur in people of any age. […] Many women experience acid reflux for the first time during pregnancy. […] Smoking may contribute to acid reflux disease by doing any of the following: damaging mucus membranes, impairing muscle reflexes in the throat, increasing acid secretion, reducing LES muscle function, and reducing salivation, which neutralizes the effect of acid. […] Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal can trigger heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. […] Other common causes of acid reflux disease include being overweight or obese, eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist, snacking close to bedtime or lying down right after a meal, and taking aspirin or ibuprofen, some muscle relaxers, or certain blood pressure medications.

• #2 GERD (Acid Reflux): Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd

  Health factors such as the following may contribute to GERD: obesity, pregnancy, connective tissue disorders, older age. […] Other health conditions that can worsen the symptoms of GERD include: anxiety, pregnancy, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome. […] Studies suggest that drinking alcohol may increase the risk of GERD. The greater the quantity of alcohol and frequency of consumption, the greater the correlation. […] Some foods may trigger GERD symptoms more than others, including: high fat foods such as fried and fast foods, spicy foods, certain fruits and vegetables, such as pineapple, tomato, and citrus, certain liquids, such as coffee, tea, and carbonated drinks.

• #2 Acid Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/acid-reflux-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Eating habits—Eating before bedtime (less than three hours before going to sleep), eating too fast, or eating too much. […] Alcohol. […] Smoking. […] Bad posture—Constantly slouching or sitting for too long. […] Wearing tight clothing. […] Medications—Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, antihistamines, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, statins, steroids, and vitamin C. If you take any medications and experience acid reflux, you may wish to discuss it with your healthcare provider. […] The most common symptom of GERD is constant, persistent heartburn, a painful, burning sensation in the chest behind the breastbone. It starts at the top of the stomach, spreads upward towards the neck and throat, and usually worsens after eating. […] Most people with GERD have mild to moderate acid reflux, but some people can develop further complications, such as esophageal ulcers/esophagitis—Includes inflammation, ulceration, and irritation of the inner lining of the esophagus. […] Some GERD cases are severe and may require surgery.

• #2 What are the causes of GERD?

  https://blog.walgreens.com/health/digestive-health/what-are-the-causes-of-gerd.html

  As the belly grows during pregnancy, more pressure gets applied to the stomach sphincter muscle, and hormones involved in pregnancy can affect the sphincter tone and gastric emptying. Some women develop daily heartburn and acid reflux during pregnancy, leading to GERD. […] A hiatal hernia occurs when the top part of the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm, the muscle located below the lungs that aids in breathing. The bulging of the stomach can lead to dysfunction and less support of the sphincter muscle, causing heartburn and GERD. […] Certain dietary habits can lead to repeated acid reflux, such as consuming large meals, drinking coffee, alcohol and other beverages that can relax the esophageal sphincter, eating meals close to bedtime, and frequent consumption of fatty and fried foods.

• #2 Causes of Sudden Heartburn and How to Treat It

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-am-i-getting-heartburn-all-of-a-sudden-7963004

  Heartburn is a symptom of acid reflux. This occurs when acids in your stomach flow back into your esophagus (feeding tube), causing inflammation and pain. Acid reflux usually occurs because the valve that separates the esophagus from the stomach, called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), is not shutting properly. […] There are many reasons why this might occur: […] People can develop heartburn symptoms as a result of natural aging. Aging can weaken the muscles of the LES, impacting their ability to stop stomach acids from leaking back into the esophagus. The risk can increase as you get older. […] Heartburn is also common in pregnancy. This is caused by increases in the hormones progesterone and estrogen, which relaxes the LES. […] Nicotine in cigarettes is known to relax the muscles of the LES, increasing the risk of reflux and heartburn.

• #2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-disease-gord/

  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is usually caused by the ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus (gullet) becoming weakened. […] But for people with GORD, stomach acid is able to pass back up into the oesophagus. This causes symptoms of GORD, which can include heartburn and acid reflux. […] Its not always clear what causes this ring of muscle to become weakened, but certain things can increase the risk of it happening. […] The following factors may increase your risk of developing GORD: being overweight or obese this can place increased pressure on your stomach and weaken the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, eating large amounts of fatty foods the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid after digesting a fatty meal and the resulting excess acid may leak up into the oesophagus, smoking, alcohol, coffee or chocolate these may relax the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, pregnancy temporary changes in hormone levels and increased pressure on your stomach during pregnancy can cause GORD, hiatus hernia when part of your stomach pushes up through your diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle between the chest and tummy), gastroparesis when the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid, which means excess acid can leak up into the oesophagus, certain medicines some medicines can cause GORD or make the symptoms worse, including calcium-channel blockers (used to treat high blood pressure), nitrates (used to treat angina) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress. […] GORD can sometimes affect several members of the same family and its been suggested that the genes you inherit from your parents may also affect your chances of developing the condition.

• #2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-and-heartburn

  A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. This may result from a weakening of the surrounding tissues and may be aggravated by obesity or smoking. […] About 30% to 40% of reflux is most likely hereditary, according to several twin and family studies. An inherited risk exists in many cases of GERD, possibly because of inherited muscular or structural problems in the stomach or esophagus. Genetic factors may play an especially strong role in susceptibility to Barrett esophagus, a precancerous condition caused by very severe GERD. […] Other disorders that may contribute to GERD include diabetes, any gastrointestinal disorder (including peptic ulcers), lymphomas, and other types of cancer.

• #2 Acid Reflux – Heartburn – Symptoms – Causes – Treatment

  https://heartburncanceruk.org/symptoms-related-conditions/persistent-heartburn/

  This is an extremely common condition, affecting up to 1 in 4 adults in the UK. Heartburn is described as a burning sensation in the chest. It is caused by acid reflux stomach acid passing up from the stomach into the oesophagus toward the throat. Persistent reflux is also known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or GORD. […] Food and drink, once swallowed, travels down the oesophagus and into the stomach. At the bottom of the oesophagus is a muscular ring a sphincter which acts as a one-way valve. When this valve fails acid reflux occurs. Although the stomach lining is designed to withstand the acidity in your stomach, the oesophagus is not. The irritation in your oesophagus can cause inflammation (oesophagitis) and, even ulceration. It can also cause Barretts oesophagus. […] Lifestyle factors which can increase the risks of heartburn and reflux include: Overeating (this increases pressure in the stomach and can cause the sphincter to relax), Certain medications (specifically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin or ibuprofen; bisphosphonates; muscle relaxants and calcium channel blockers), Smoking/vaping, Excessive alcohol consumption, Being overweight, Posture, During pregnancy many women find they develop heartburn during the later stages as their growing baby increases pressure on their stomach, If you have a hiatus hernia you may be more likely to experience reflux, Wearing tight clothing, Eating late at night, Spicy and fatty foods and large portions are said to worsen symptoms, Lying flat in bed try propping yourself up to reduce the pressure, Stress and anxiety.

• #2 Acid reflux: Causes, treatment, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619

  A recent study suggests that making healthful dietary choices may be as effective as using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in treating acid reflux. […] Without treatment, persistent acid reflux or GERD can lead to serious complications in the long term. This includes: Esophagitis, the lining of the esophagus is inflamed, causing irritation, bleeding, and ulceration in some cases; Strictures, damage caused by stomach acid leads to scar development and difficulties swallowing, with food getting stuck as it travels down the esophagus; Barretts esophagus, a serious complication where repeated exposure to stomach acid causes changes in the cells and tissues lining the esophagus with the potential to develop into cancer cells. […] In rare cases, acid reflux could lead to cancer. Both esophagitis and Barretts esophagus, which are complications of acid reflux, are associated with a higher risk of cancer. About 30% of esophageal cancer cancers are also linked to GERD.

• #2 GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/gerd-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease

  GERD occurs when stomach contentsgastric secretions with or without foodregurgitate into your esophagus, resulting in a bad taste and burning sensation in the chest and throat. […] Over time, and left untreated, repeated exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid can cause esophageal ulcers, difficulty swallowing, and even cancer. […] GERD is a digestive disorder that occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a ring-shaped muscle at the lower end of the esophagus, malfunctions. […] When the lower esophageal sphincter is too relaxed, stomach acid can splash up into the esophagus. […] This backward flowing of stomach contents is called gastroesophageal reflux, or sometimes acid reflux. […] The stomach has a special lining that protects it from being damaged by gastric acid, but the esophagus does not.

• #2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion, dysphagia, heartburn, odynophagia, regurgitation, non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as chronic cough, hoarseness, reflux-induced laryngitis, or asthma. In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett’s esophagus may arise. […] Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the disease include benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDs, and certain asthma medicines. Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus.

• #2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/esophageal-diseases/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease

  GERD can lead to more serious conditions if not diagnosed and treated properly. If you have experienced GERD for a number of years, it is important to have your esophagus checked for changes. […] If you have GERD, you have a higher risk for Barretts esophagus. People with this condition can develop a rare type of esophageal cancer. Although the overall risk for esophageal cancer is extremely low, we recommend getting a screening test called a surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) every three to five years if you have GERD.

• #3 GERD: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a long-term condition in which acid from the stomach comes up into the esophagus. It can lead to heartburn and other symptoms. […] GERD may result from a weak or damaged valve between the stomach and the esophagus. […] Stomach acid that washes up into the esophagus can cause dangerous tissue damage. […] GERD occurs in people of all ages and sometimes for unknown reasons. It happens when the valve that prevents stomach contents from going back up to the esophagus becomes weak or opens when it should not. […] GERD occurs more commonly in people with obesity or people who are overweight because of increased pressure on the abdomen. […] In addition, hiatal hernia is a condition in which an opening in the diaphragm lets the top of the stomach move up into the chest. This lowers the pressure in the esophageal sphincter and increases the risk of GERD.

• #3 GERD (Acid Reflux, Heartburn) Symptoms, Treatment, Foods, Diet

  https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/article.htm

  GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a condition in which the acidified liquid content of the stomach backs up into the esophagus. […] The cause of GERD is complex and may involve multiple factors. Moreover, different causes may affect different individuals or even the same individual at different times. A small number of patients with GERD produce abnormally large amounts of acid, but this is uncommon and not a contributing factor in the vast majority of patients. […] The factors that contribute to GERD include the following: Lower esophageal sphincter abnormalities, Hiatal hernias, Abnormal esophageal contractions, Slow emptying of the stomach. […] The action of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is perhaps the most important factor (a mechanism) for preventing reflux. […] Several different abnormalities of the LES have been found in patients with GERD.

• #3 Heartburn: What It Feels Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9617-heartburn-overview

  Heartburn occurs when acid from your stomach refluxes up into your esophagus. […] Heartburn is caused by stomach acid rising into your esophagus (reflux), which runs through your chest, close to your heart. […] Heartburn that occurs regularly is a symptom of chronic acid reflux (GERD), which is also relatively common. […] When related to GERD, heartburn occurs when stomach juices, including acids and enzymes, backwash into your esophagus. […] Different things can cause your lower esophageal sphincter to weaken or relax too much, such as inhaling smoke, extra abdominal pressure from body weight, tight clothing or pregnancy, hiatal hernia, a heavy meal that stretches your stomach and stays in it longer, indigestion and gas, lying down too soon after eating, certain foods, and certain medications.

• #3 GERD (Acid Reflux, Heartburn) Symptoms, Treatment, Foods, Diet

  https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/article.htm

  Hiatal hernias contribute to reflux, although how they contribute is not clear. […] When the LES moves into the chest with a hiatal hernia, the diaphragm, and the LES continue to exert their pressures and barrier effect. However, they now do so at different locations. Consequently, the pressures are no longer additive. Instead, a single, high-pressure barrier to reflux is replaced by two barriers of lower pressure, and reflux thus occurs more easily. […] When the wave of contraction is defective, refluxed acid is not pushed back into the stomach. In patients with GERD, several abnormalities of contraction have been described. […] A minority of patients with GERD, about, has been found to have stomachs that empty abnormally slowly after a meal. This is called gastroparesis. […] Symptoms of uncomplicated GERD are primarily: Heartburn (sometimes interpreted as chest pain), Regurgitation, Nausea.

• #3 Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-and-heartburn

  A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. This may result from a weakening of the surrounding tissues and may be aggravated by obesity or smoking. […] About 30% to 40% of reflux is most likely hereditary, according to several twin and family studies. An inherited risk exists in many cases of GERD, possibly because of inherited muscular or structural problems in the stomach or esophagus. Genetic factors may play an especially strong role in susceptibility to Barrett esophagus, a precancerous condition caused by very severe GERD. […] Other disorders that may contribute to GERD include diabetes, any gastrointestinal disorder (including peptic ulcers), lymphomas, and other types of cancer.

• #3 Gastroesophageal reflux disease | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-disease-gord/

  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is usually caused by the ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus (gullet) becoming weakened. […] But for people with GORD, stomach acid is able to pass back up into the oesophagus. This causes symptoms of GORD, which can include heartburn and acid reflux. […] Its not always clear what causes this ring of muscle to become weakened, but certain things can increase the risk of it happening. […] The following factors may increase your risk of developing GORD: being overweight or obese this can place increased pressure on your stomach and weaken the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, eating large amounts of fatty foods the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid after digesting a fatty meal and the resulting excess acid may leak up into the oesophagus, smoking, alcohol, coffee or chocolate these may relax the muscles at the bottom of the oesophagus, pregnancy temporary changes in hormone levels and increased pressure on your stomach during pregnancy can cause GORD, hiatus hernia when part of your stomach pushes up through your diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle between the chest and tummy), gastroparesis when the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid, which means excess acid can leak up into the oesophagus, certain medicines some medicines can cause GORD or make the symptoms worse, including calcium-channel blockers (used to treat high blood pressure), nitrates (used to treat angina) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress. […] GORD can sometimes affect several members of the same family and its been suggested that the genes you inherit from your parents may also affect your chances of developing the condition.

• #3 Acid Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/acid-reflux-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Hiatal hernia—Your diaphragm, the big, flat muscle just beneath your chest, functions as a „muscular guard” to keep your esophageal sphincter in place. A hiatal hernia happens when there’s an opening in the diaphragm and the upper part of the stomach. The stomach sticks out through that space. Now the upper part of the stomach is higher than the esophagus, so the acid easily flows back up through the esophagus. […] Diabetes—Scientists theorize that diabetes-related neuropathy or nerve damage can make people with diabetes more prone to Hiatal hernias. […] Obesity—Obesity can cause increased pressure on the diaphragm. […] Certain lifestyle factors can increase your likelihood of developing acid reflux: Certain foods—Caffeine, citrus fruits, tomatoes, spicy foods, fried food, fatty food, chocolate, garlic, and peppermint flavor.

• #3 9 home treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/9-ways-to-relieve-acid-reflux-without-medication

  If you’ve had these symptoms for a while, they might be caused not by a virus but by a valve your lower esophageal sphincter. […] The medical term for this process is gastroesophageal reflux; the backward flow of acid is called acid reflux. […] Three conditions poor clearance of food or acid from the esophagus, too much acid in the stomach, and delayed stomach emptying contribute to acid reflux. […] Increased weight spreads the muscular structure that supports the lower esophageal sphincter, decreasing the pressure that holds the sphincter closed. This leads to reflux and heartburn. […] Nicotine may relax the lower esophageal sphincter. […] Some including postmenopausal estrogen, tricyclic antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory painkillers can relax the sphincter, while others particularly bisphosphonates like alendronate (Fosamax), ibandronate (Boniva), or risedronate (Actonel), which are taken to increase bone density can irritate the esophagus.

• #3 GERD (Acid Reflux, Heartburn) Symptoms, Treatment, Foods, Diet

  https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/article.htm

  The liquid from the stomach that refluxes into the esophagus damages the cells lining the esophagus. […] If the damage goes deeply into the esophagus, an ulcer forms. […] Long-standing and/or severe GERD causes changes in the cells that line the esophagus in some patients. These cells are pre-cancerous and may, though usually, become cancerous. This condition is referred to as Barrett’s esophagus and occurs in approximately 10% of patients with GERD.

• #3 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/esophageal-diseases/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease

  Gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) is more than just heartburn. Untreated, GERD can develop into more serious conditions, including cancer for a small percentage of individuals. […] A one-way valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) allows food to pass into your stomach and prevents stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus. When this valve is weakened and not functioning properly, gastric juice comes up from the stomach and back into the esophagus causing irritation and inflammation (esophagitis). Over time, this can damage to the lining of the esophagus. Nearly half of patients with GERD will develop esophagitis, and up to 15 percent of patients with GERD may develop a pre-cancerous condition called Barretts esophagus. A small percentage of people with Barretts esophagus will progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma a form of cancer in the esophagus.

• #3 Acid Reflux/GERD | ACG

  https://gi.org/topics/acid-reflux/

  In GERD, certain foods, lifestyle habits, and anatomic issues (hiatal hernia) can weaken these barriers. […] Treatment should be designed to eliminate symptoms, heal irritation of the esophagus and prevent the long-term complications of GERD. […] All treatments are based on attempts to decrease the amount of acid that refluxes from the stomach back into the esophagus or make the refluxed material less irritating to the lining of the esophagus. […] A serious complication of chronic GERD is Barrett’s esophagus. In Barrett’s esophagus, the lining of the esophagus changes to resemble the intestine due to chronic acid exposure. Barrett’s esophagus is a recognized risk factor for cancer of the esophagus and needs long-term follow up. […] Frequent heartburn symptoms with a duration of several years cannot simply be dismissed — there can be severe consequences of delaying diagnosis and treatment. […] If you are having heartburn two or more times a week, it is time to see your physician.

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