Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/middle+east+respiratory+syndrome/middle+east+respiratory+syndrome+mers+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) was first recognised in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] MERS-CoV mainly causes a respiratory infection, which can range from mild illness, to severe pneumonia. Older persons and those with diabetes or immunosuppression are at higher risk of severe illness. Symptoms of MERS may include: fever, cough, breathing difficulties, muscles aches, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. […] There is no specific treatment for MERS. […] You can protect yourself from MERS while living or travelling in affected areas by: avoiding close contact with camels, washing hands regularly and taking particular care when visiting places where animals are present, avoiding close contact with people who are unwell, avoiding consuming raw, undercooked or unpasteurised camel products, including meat, urine and milk. […] There is no vaccine available to prevent MERS.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4716282/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an acute viral respiratory illness with high mortality caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] Therefore, to eliminate the spread of MERS-CoV, infection prevention and control measures should be implemented with rigor. […] To ensure efficient MERS-CoV infection prevention and control, care should be taken to provide comprehensive infection control measures including contact control, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, disinfection, and environmental cleaning. […] The MERS outbreak in South Korea occurred in hospital settings through contacts with infected outpatients and inpatients. […] Therefore, the most important measure for infection prevention and control of MERS-CoV is blocking the transmission through early diagnosis of suspected or confirmed patients and their intra-hospital isolation.

• #3 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000723.htm

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness that mainly involves the upper respiratory tract. It causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. About 35% of people who have gotten this illness have died. Some people only have mild symptoms. […] The virus can spread between people in close contact. This includes health care workers who care for people with MERS. […] Right now, there is no vaccine for MERS and no specific treatment. Supportive care is given. […] If you plan to travel to one of the countries where MERS is present, the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) advises taking the following steps to prevent illness. […] If you come in contact with animals, such as camels, wash your hands thoroughly afterward. It has been reported that some camels carry the MERS virus.

• #4 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/health-topics/diseases-conditions/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Most MERS patients develop severe acute respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. […] MERS patients have ranged in age from younger than 1 to 99 years old. […] MERS-CoV has spread from ill people to others through close contact, such as caring for or living with an infected person. […] Individuals with MERS often receive medical care to help relieve symptoms. For severe cases, current treatment includes care to support vital organ functions.

• #5 About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/about/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] Most people with confirmed MERS-CoV infection have had severe respiratory illness. […] In most known MERS cases, the infected person developed pneumonia. Additional complications such as kidney failure have also occurred. […] No specific antiviral treatment is recommended for MERS. People with MERS often receive supportive medical care and care to help relieve symptoms.

• #6 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/special-topic/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness that mainly involves the upper respiratory tract. It causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. About 35% of people who have gotten this illness have died. Some people only have mild symptoms. […] The virus can spread between people in close contact. This includes health care workers who care for people with MERS. […] Right now, there is no vaccine for MERS and no specific treatment. Supportive care is given. […] If you plan to travel to one of the countries where MERS is present, the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) advises taking the following steps to prevent illness. […] It has been reported that some camels carry the MERS virus.

• #7 Health Care Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Case from Iran

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841994/

  A significant fraction of MERS cases were linked to the healthcare setting, ranging from 49% for the nosocomial outbreak in Jeddah and Saudi Arabia in 2014 to 100 % for both the outbreak in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, in 2013 and the recent outbreak in South Korea in 2015. […] Infection in the healthcare setting is an important risk factor for human-to-human transmission and close and prolonged contact with the index case seems to be a necessity for the disease transmission. […] Thus, Infection in the healthcare setting is an important risk factor for person to-person transmission. It is not easy to recognize patients with MERS-CoV during the early stages of the disease based on clinical presentations alone. Thus, enhanced infection control practices in medical facilities should be attempted to protect those at risk of MERS.

• #8 Health Care Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Case from Iran

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841994/

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection, has caused recurrent outbreaks worldwide. It is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, and is not treatable with the currently available antiviral therapies. […] Infection prevention and control measures are critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in the health care facilities. […] Clinical features of MERS-CoV infection are variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute upper respiratory illness, and rapidly progressive pneumonitis, respiratory failure, septic shock and multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Most hospitalized MERS-CoV patients have had underlying medical disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, and chronic renal disease or immunosuppression but MERS-CoV infections were seen in previously healthy cases.

• #9 Health Care Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Case from Iran

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841994/

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection, has caused recurrent outbreaks worldwide. It is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, and is not treatable with the currently available antiviral therapies. […] Infection prevention and control measures are critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in the health care facilities. […] Clinical features of MERS-CoV infection are variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute upper respiratory illness, and rapidly progressive pneumonitis, respiratory failure, septic shock and multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Most hospitalized MERS-CoV patients have had underlying medical disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, and chronic renal disease or immunosuppression but MERS-CoV infections were seen in previously healthy cases.

• #10

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported among MERS patients. […] Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation or support in an intensive care unit. Older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes appear to be at greater risk of developing severe disease.

• #11

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported among MERS patients. […] Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation or support in an intensive care unit. Older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes appear to be at greater risk of developing severe disease.

• #12 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1301

  Risk factors include close contact with infected individuals and exposure to infected dromedary camels. […] Diagnostic investigations include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest x-ray. […] Guidelines include clinical management and guidance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and prevention and control for hospitalized MERS patients.

• #13 Risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea | BMC Pulmonary Medic

  https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-019-0940-5

  In 2015, South Korea experienced an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and our hospital experienced a nosocomial MERS infection. […] Our study provide compelling evidence that routine infection-prevention policies can greatly reduce nosocomial transmission of MERS. […] Routine examination with chest X-ray in the ED showed suspicious pneumonic consolidation in the left lower lobe. […] After confirmation of MERS infection in the index patient, we could not identify those who had never had contact with the index patient or the virus-contaminated environment in the ED because of the frequencies of their movements within and around the ED and crowding. […] To protect against further transmissions by infected patients, we closed the hospital over 1month. […] Our study confirmed the importance of a routine basic infection policy for blocking widespread propagation of nosocomial MERS infection. […] Routine infection-prevention practices, such as wearing a surgical mask and hand hygiene, can reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. […] Routine infection-prevention policies should be established in all medical institutions during a MERS outbreak.

• #14

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  No vaccine or specific treatment are currently available, however several MERS-CoV specific vaccines and treatments are in clinical development. In the absence of MERS-specific therapeutics, treatment of MERS patients is supportive and based on the patients clinical condition. […] Transmission of MERS-CoV has occurred in health care facilities in several Member States, including from patients to health care workers and between patients in a health care setting before MERS-CoV was diagnosed. However, it is not always possible to identify patients with MERSCoV early or without testing because symptoms and other clinical features may be nonspecific. […] Infection prevention and control measures are therefore critical to prevent the possible spread of MERSCoV in health care facilities. Facilities that provide care for patients suspected or confirmed MERSCoV infection should take appropriate measures to decrease the risk of transmission of the virus from an infected patient to other patients, health care workers, or visitors. Health care workers should be educated and trained in infection prevention and control and should refresh these skills regularly.

• #15 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-treatment-and-prevention

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Treatment and prevention […] The treatment and prevention of MERS-CoV are discussed here. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued recommendations for the management of severe respiratory infections suspected to be caused by MERS-CoV. No antiviral agents are specifically recommended for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection.

• #16 About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/about/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] Most people with confirmed MERS-CoV infection have had severe respiratory illness. […] In most known MERS cases, the infected person developed pneumonia. Additional complications such as kidney failure have also occurred. […] No specific antiviral treatment is recommended for MERS. People with MERS often receive supportive medical care and care to help relieve symptoms.

• #17 Department of Health | Communicable Disease Service | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome – coronavirus (MERS)

  https://www.nj.gov/health/cd/topics/mers.shtml

  Health care providers, administrators, and clinical laboratory directors should report confirmed or suspect cases immediately to their Local Health Department by telephone. […] Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory infection caused by a virus. […] Most people who got infected with the virus became severely ill with a respiratory illness with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath. […] There is no vaccine and no known treatment other than supportive care such as fluids, oxygen, etc. […] For Health Care Providers: Prevention and Control for Hospitalized MERS Patients (CDC)

• #18 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers-cov/

  Nursing care for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] Assessment of a patient with MERS-CoV include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] The major nursing care plan goals for a patient with MERS-CoV are: […] Nursing interventions for the patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] Nursing evaluation of goals for a patient with MERS-COV are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following:

• #19 Health Care Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Case from Iran

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841994/

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection, has caused recurrent outbreaks worldwide. It is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, and is not treatable with the currently available antiviral therapies. […] Infection prevention and control measures are critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in the health care facilities. […] Clinical features of MERS-CoV infection are variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute upper respiratory illness, and rapidly progressive pneumonitis, respiratory failure, septic shock and multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Most hospitalized MERS-CoV patients have had underlying medical disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, and chronic renal disease or immunosuppression but MERS-CoV infections were seen in previously healthy cases.

• #20 MERS – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS typically causes a severe respiratory illness that is often fatal. […] Certain people may be at higher risk for developing severe disease, including those with weakened immune systems, older people, and people with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease. […] Examples of how MERS can spread include a family member caring for another who is infected with MERS or a healthcare provider caring for a patient infected with MERS. […] Many patients will need mechanical ventilation because of the severity of the illness. […] Patients with severe respiratory disease may require mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). […] When caring for a person with MERS, wear protective clothing and follow infection control recommendations.

• #21 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers.html

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral infection that affects your respiratory system. Currently there is no cure for MERS. But sometimes experimental treatments are offered. Treatment is mostly aimed at helping support your body while it fights the disease. This includes bed rest, pain medicines, oxygen, and IV fluids. […] Care during severe illness may include: IV (intravenous) fluids. These are given through a vein to help keep your body hydrated. Oxygen. Supplemental oxygen or assisted ventilation may be given. This is done to keep enough oxygen in your body. […] In some cases, MERS can cause severe problems. These include pneumonia, respiratory failure, failure of the kidneys and other organs, and septic shock.

• #22 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

  https://encyclopedia.nm.org/library/testsprocedures/Gynecology/134,252

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral infection that affects your respiratory system. Currently there is no cure for MERS. But sometimes experimental treatments are offered. Treatment is mostly aimed at helping support your body while it fights the disease. This includes bed rest, pain medicines, oxygen, and IV fluids. […] Care during severe illness may include: IV (intravenous) fluids. These are given through a vein to help keep your body hydrated. Oxygen. Supplemental oxygen or assisted ventilation may be given. This is done to keep enough oxygen in your body. […] In some severe cases, the healthcare provider may use experimental therapies such as convalescent plasma. This is an antibody treatment from the blood of people who have recovered from the illness. Or the provider may use monoclonal antibodies as a treatment. More usual is treatment to help support your body while it fights the disease. This is known as supportive care. Supportive care may include: Pain medicines. These include acetaminophen and ibuprofen. They are used to help ease pain and reduce fever.

• #23 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

  https://education.snmsc.org/coronavirus/134,252

  In some cases, MERS may not cause symptoms. But, in most cases, symptoms of MERS can start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected by the virus. They often start about 5 days after being exposed to the virus. […] Currently there is no cure for MERS. In some severe cases, the healthcare provider may use experimental therapies such as convalescent plasma. This is an antibody treatment from the blood of people who have recovered from the illness. Or the provider may use monoclonal antibodies as a treatment. More usual is treatment to help support your body while it fights the disease. This is known as supportive care. Supportive care may include: Pain medicines. These include acetaminophen and ibuprofen. They are used to help ease pain and reduce fever; Bed rest. This helps your body fight the illness.

• #24 MERS – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS typically causes a severe respiratory illness that is often fatal. […] Certain people may be at higher risk for developing severe disease, including those with weakened immune systems, older people, and people with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease. […] Examples of how MERS can spread include a family member caring for another who is infected with MERS or a healthcare provider caring for a patient infected with MERS. […] Many patients will need mechanical ventilation because of the severity of the illness. […] Patients with severe respiratory disease may require mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). […] When caring for a person with MERS, wear protective clothing and follow infection control recommendations.

• #25 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (AugustSeptember 2015). […] This observational study was conducted at the Intensive Care Department which covered 5 ICUs with 60 single-bedded rooms. […] Eight HCWs had MERS requiring ICU admission (median stay = 28 days): Seven developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, four were treated with prone positioning, four needed continuous renal replacement therapy and one had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. […] In response to the outbreak, the number of negative-pressure rooms was increased from 14 to 38 rooms in 3 MERS-designated ICUs. […] Patients were managed with a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:0.8.

• #26 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (AugustSeptember 2015). […] This observational study was conducted at the Intensive Care Department which covered 5 ICUs with 60 single-bedded rooms. […] Eight HCWs had MERS requiring ICU admission (median stay = 28 days): Seven developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, four were treated with prone positioning, four needed continuous renal replacement therapy and one had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. […] In response to the outbreak, the number of negative-pressure rooms was increased from 14 to 38 rooms in 3 MERS-designated ICUs. […] Patients were managed with a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:0.8.

• #27 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

  https://education.snmsc.org/coronavirus/134,252

  In some cases, MERS may not cause symptoms. But, in most cases, symptoms of MERS can start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected by the virus. They often start about 5 days after being exposed to the virus. […] Currently there is no cure for MERS. In some severe cases, the healthcare provider may use experimental therapies such as convalescent plasma. This is an antibody treatment from the blood of people who have recovered from the illness. Or the provider may use monoclonal antibodies as a treatment. More usual is treatment to help support your body while it fights the disease. This is known as supportive care. Supportive care may include: Pain medicines. These include acetaminophen and ibuprofen. They are used to help ease pain and reduce fever; Bed rest. This helps your body fight the illness.

• #28 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers-cov/

  Nursing care for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] Assessment of a patient with MERS-CoV include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] The major nursing care plan goals for a patient with MERS-CoV are: […] Nursing interventions for the patient with MERS-CoV include the following: […] Nursing evaluation of goals for a patient with MERS-COV are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with MERS-CoV include the following:

• #29 Prevention and Control for Hospitalized MERS Patients | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  Preventing transmission of respiratory pathogens including MERS-CoV in hospitals requires the application of infection control procedures and protocols including environmental and engineering controls, administrative controls, safer work practices, and personal protective equipment (PPE). […] Measures that enhance early detection and prompt triage and isolation of patients who should be evaluated for MERS-CoV are critical to ensuring effective implementation of infection control measures. […] Though these recommendations focus on the hospital setting (a setting where MERS-CoV transmission has been reported from some international locations), the recommendations for PPE, source control (i.e., placing a facemask on potentially infected patients when outside of an airborne infection isolation room), and environmental infection control measures are applicable to any healthcare setting.

• #30 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/control-prevention

  Acceptable respiratory protection devices for protection against MERS-CoV include a properly fit-tested, NIOSH-approved filtering face piece respirator (N95 or higher level), half- or full-face air-purifying respirator (APR), or a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) equipped with high-efficiency particulate arrest (HEPA) filters. […] Preventive measures for protecting workers from exposure to MERS-CoV depend on the type of work performed and knowledge of exposure risk, including potential for MERS-CoV contamination of the work environment. […] Employers should follow recognized good infection control practices (including standard precautions) to prevent or minimize transmission of infectious agents (i.e., MERS), and must comply with applicable requirements in the Bloodborne Pathogens (29 CFR 1910.134), Personal Protective Equipment (29 CFR 1910.132), general requirements) and the Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134) standards, among other OSHA requirements.

• #31 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.cda.gov.sg/professionals/diseases/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus which causes acute respiratory illness in infected patients. […] There is no curative treatment for MERS. Patients with MERS are managed with symptomatic treatment and supportive care. […] Suspect MERS patients seen at the outpatient settings should be isolated or segregated from the other patients in the clinic, where possible, and be given a surgical mask to wear if experiencing respiratory symptoms prior to the transfer to an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) in the hospital. […] All suspect or confirmed MERS patients should be isolated in AIIRs. Standard, contact and airborne precautions are recommended when attending to suspect or confirmed MERS patients. Full PPE (gown, gloves, eye protection, and N95 mask) is required when treating suspect or confirmed MERS patients.

• #32 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4716282/

  To minimize the exposure to and transmission of MERS-CoV, infection prevention and control measures should be implemented systematically based on the standard, contact, and droplet precautions. […] A hospital that already has an infection control division should convene a MERS-CoV infection emergency committee based on the infection control division. […] The basic elements of MERS-CoV infection prevention and control include administrative measures, environmental and engineering measures, and PPE. […] Patients who are suspected or confirmed to be infected should be screened for early diagnosis and placed under droplet precautions and quarantine to control the infection source. […] A patient with suspected or confirmed MERS-CoV infection should be placed in a single-occupancy negative pressure isolation room with a designated toilet.

• #33 Information For Health Professionals on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mers/hcp.html

  Reporting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) must be reported to MDH immediately 24 hours a day, seven days a week. […] Patients meeting MERS-CoV criteria above should be placed in Airborne and Contact Precautions, in addition to Standard Precautions. This includes an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (i.e., negative pressure room) and N95 respirators and eye protection or PAPRs for health care workers. Patient should wear a surgical mask if leaving negative pressure room. If negative pressure room is not available, place patient in a private room with the door closed and patient should wear a surgical mask. […] To date, there is no known treatment available for MERS-CoV.

• #34 Information For Health Professionals on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mers/hcp.html

  Reporting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) must be reported to MDH immediately 24 hours a day, seven days a week. […] Patients meeting MERS-CoV criteria above should be placed in Airborne and Contact Precautions, in addition to Standard Precautions. This includes an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (i.e., negative pressure room) and N95 respirators and eye protection or PAPRs for health care workers. Patient should wear a surgical mask if leaving negative pressure room. If negative pressure room is not available, place patient in a private room with the door closed and patient should wear a surgical mask. […] To date, there is no known treatment available for MERS-CoV.

• #35 Prevention and Control for Hospitalized MERS Patients | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  Ensure facility policies and practices are in place to minimize exposures to respiratory pathogens including MERS-CoV. […] HCP who cares for patients with MERS-CoV should be monitored. […] HCP who develop any respiratory symptoms after an unprotected exposure (i.e., not wearing recommended PPE at the time of contact) to a patient with MERS-CoV should not report for work or should immediately stop working. […] Provide all HCP with job- or task-specific education and training on preventing transmission of infectious agents, including refresher training. […] Ensure that cleaning and disinfection procedures are followed consistently and correctly. […] Implement mechanisms and policies that promptly alert key facility staff including infection control, healthcare epidemiology, hospital leadership, occupational health, clinical laboratory, and frontline staff about suspected or known MERS-CoV patients.

• #36 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4716282/

  To minimize the exposure to and transmission of MERS-CoV, infection prevention and control measures should be implemented systematically based on the standard, contact, and droplet precautions. […] A hospital that already has an infection control division should convene a MERS-CoV infection emergency committee based on the infection control division. […] The basic elements of MERS-CoV infection prevention and control include administrative measures, environmental and engineering measures, and PPE. […] Patients who are suspected or confirmed to be infected should be screened for early diagnosis and placed under droplet precautions and quarantine to control the infection source. […] A patient with suspected or confirmed MERS-CoV infection should be placed in a single-occupancy negative pressure isolation room with a designated toilet.

• #37 Prevention and Control for Hospitalized MERS Patients | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  Ensure facility policies and practices are in place to minimize exposures to respiratory pathogens including MERS-CoV. […] HCP who cares for patients with MERS-CoV should be monitored. […] HCP who develop any respiratory symptoms after an unprotected exposure (i.e., not wearing recommended PPE at the time of contact) to a patient with MERS-CoV should not report for work or should immediately stop working. […] Provide all HCP with job- or task-specific education and training on preventing transmission of infectious agents, including refresher training. […] Ensure that cleaning and disinfection procedures are followed consistently and correctly. […] Implement mechanisms and policies that promptly alert key facility staff including infection control, healthcare epidemiology, hospital leadership, occupational health, clinical laboratory, and frontline staff about suspected or known MERS-CoV patients.

• #38 MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) Transmission, Incubation, Diagnosis, Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/mers_middle_east_respiratory_syndrome/article.htm

  MERS is associated with a rapidly progressive severe respiratory illness, and mortality compared to the SARS-CoV outbreak of 2003 is very high. […] Fortunately, MERS-CoV does not appear to spread as easily or rapidly from person to person as the SARS-CoV outbreak of 2003. […] Caregivers of patients who are not hospitalized should perform frequent hand hygiene as stated above and wear a face mask for direct care until the patient has recovered. […] Local public-health authorities should be consulted promptly when a MERS-CoV diagnosis is considered.

• #39 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22633-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness caused by a type of coronavirus. It was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Currently, there is no approved treatment for MERS. Your medical care will focus on managing your symptoms while your body fights the infection. […] If you are living with or caring for a person with MERS, health officials recommend additional precautions: Wear a face mask, gown and gloves if you have contact with the persons body fluids or secretions. […] MERS symptoms can become quite severe and life-threatening. Contact your provider immediately if your symptoms are getting worse.

• #40 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22633-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness caused by a type of coronavirus. It was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Currently, there is no approved treatment for MERS. Your medical care will focus on managing your symptoms while your body fights the infection. […] If you are living with or caring for a person with MERS, health officials recommend additional precautions: Wear a face mask, gown and gloves if you have contact with the persons body fluids or secretions. […] MERS symptoms can become quite severe and life-threatening. Contact your provider immediately if your symptoms are getting worse.

• #41 Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1437-y

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a viral respiratory disease. Most people infected with MERS-CoV develop severe acute respiratory illness. […] The patient is a 33-year-old female working as a critical care nurse. […] Although the patient was in respiratory failure, necessitated mechanical ventilation, and intensive care (ICU) admission, a healthy infant was delivered. The mother recovered. […] Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality Various factors may have contributed to the successful outcome of this patient such as young age, presentation during the last stages of pregnancy, and possible differences in immune response. […] In pregnant women, the risk of viral pneumonia is significantly higher than for the rest of the population according to data collected from the previous 19571958 pandemics, and the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009.

• #42 Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1437-y

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a viral respiratory disease. Most people infected with MERS-CoV develop severe acute respiratory illness. […] The patient is a 33-year-old female working as a critical care nurse. […] Although the patient was in respiratory failure, necessitated mechanical ventilation, and intensive care (ICU) admission, a healthy infant was delivered. The mother recovered. […] Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality Various factors may have contributed to the successful outcome of this patient such as young age, presentation during the last stages of pregnancy, and possible differences in immune response. […] In pregnant women, the risk of viral pneumonia is significantly higher than for the rest of the population according to data collected from the previous 19571958 pandemics, and the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009.

• #43 Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1437-y

  Data on the effects of MERS-CoV on pregnancy are limited; two cases of MERS-CoV in pregnancy have been reported to this day. […] Our patient had an uneventful perinatal course, and a successful outcome. Various factors may have contributed to this, including the timing of MERS-CoV exposure during pregnancy, her young age, the use of steroids, and potential differences in immune responses. […] There is limited information available on pregnancy, during antenatal, birth, or postnatal period, and MERS-CoV infection. […] This report provides an initial view of the outcome associated with pregnancy-related MERS CoV infection. Further data on larger numbers of gravid women infected with MERS-CoV will facilitate a better understanding of the impact of MERS-CoV infection on perinatal outcome.

• #44 MERS – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS typically causes a severe respiratory illness that is often fatal. […] Certain people may be at higher risk for developing severe disease, including those with weakened immune systems, older people, and people with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease. […] Examples of how MERS can spread include a family member caring for another who is infected with MERS or a healthcare provider caring for a patient infected with MERS. […] Many patients will need mechanical ventilation because of the severity of the illness. […] Patients with severe respiratory disease may require mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). […] When caring for a person with MERS, wear protective clothing and follow infection control recommendations.

• #45

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported among MERS patients. […] Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation or support in an intensive care unit. Older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes appear to be at greater risk of developing severe disease.

• #46 Comparative Analysis of Eleven Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43586-9

  Since its emergence in 2012, 2,260 cases and 803 deaths due to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported to the World Health Organization. Most cases were due to transmission in healthcare settings, sometimes causing large outbreaks. […] Twenty-five percent (n=105/422) of MERS cases who acquired infection in a hospital setting were healthcare personnel. […] In multivariate analyses, age 65 (OR 4.8, 95%CI: 2.68.7) and the presence of underlying comorbidities (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.35.7) were associated with increased mortality whereas working as healthcare personnel was protective (OR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.010.34). […] While more than half of the laboratory confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported globally to date are associated with human-to-human transmission in healthcare settings, there has been little human-to-human transmission reported in household settings.

• #47 Comparative Analysis of Eleven Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43586-9

  The majority of cases were male (57%, n=243/423), and the sex ratio among cases differed significantly between outbreaks. […] More than half (57%, n=214/377) of cases had at least one underlying co-morbid condition. […] The proportion of HCP among asymptomatic infections was high (70%, n=47/67), and the CFR was null. […] Our study confirmed that age and presence of comorbidities are linked to increased risk of death, similar to previously published results, whereas being HCP was protective. […] The sharing of outbreak experiences between affected hospitals within and between countries and a detailed evaluation of the impact of non-therapeutic interventions is critical to our understanding and for the prevention of nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory pathogens. […] Health care professionals and hospitals currently have tools to limit the extent and impact of such events, which include early identification and isolation of suspect patients and strict adherence to standard infection prevention and control measures.

• #48 Comparative Analysis of Eleven Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43586-9

  Since its emergence in 2012, 2,260 cases and 803 deaths due to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported to the World Health Organization. Most cases were due to transmission in healthcare settings, sometimes causing large outbreaks. […] Twenty-five percent (n=105/422) of MERS cases who acquired infection in a hospital setting were healthcare personnel. […] In multivariate analyses, age 65 (OR 4.8, 95%CI: 2.68.7) and the presence of underlying comorbidities (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.35.7) were associated with increased mortality whereas working as healthcare personnel was protective (OR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.010.34). […] While more than half of the laboratory confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported globally to date are associated with human-to-human transmission in healthcare settings, there has been little human-to-human transmission reported in household settings.

• #49 Comparative Analysis of Eleven Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43586-9

  Outbreak investigations and scientific studies conducted during or after MERS hospital outbreaks have identified that aerosol-generating medical procedures with improper or inadequate personal protective equipment place medical personnel and patients sharing wards with MERS patients and family visitors at higher risk for MERS-CoV infection. […] Factors leading to healthcare-associated outbreaks include overcrowding in emergency departments, slow triage and isolation of suspected patients and inadequate compliance to infection prevention and control procedures. […] The case fatality ratio (CFR) in outbreaks was 28% (116 reported deaths among 423 cases), compared with the global overall CFR of 35.5%. […] During HCA outbreaks, CFR ranged from 0 to 75% and CFR was significantly lower among HCP MERS-CoV infections compared to non-HCP MERS-CoV infections (2% vs. 36%).

• #50 Critically ill healthcare workers with the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS): A multicenter study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0206831

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) leads to healthcare-associated transmission to patients and healthcare workers with potentially fatal outcomes. […] We aimed to describe the clinical course and functional outcomes of critically ill healthcare workers (HCWs) with MERS. […] Approximately 10% of critically ill patients with MERS were HCWs. Hospital mortality rate was substantial (25%). Patients with chronic renal impairment represented a particularly high-risk group that should receive extra caution during suspected or confirmed MERS cases clinical care assignment and during outbreaks. Long-term repercussions of critical illness due to MERS on HCWs in particular, and patients in general, remain unknown and should be investigated in larger studies. […] Our study demonstrates that hospital mortality among critically ill HCWs with MERS was substantial [25% (8/32)], but lower than what has been reported in general ICU MERS patients.

• #51 Critically ill healthcare workers with the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS): A multicenter study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0206831

  The noted increased use of ECMO in non-surviving HCW is probably reflective of the severity of respiratory failure where ECMO is used as a rescue therapy. […] Eleven (11/13) of the responding HCWs thought that MERS-CoV infection could have been avoided had they complied with infection control precautions and wearing personal protective equipment. […] In conclusion, this is the largest cohort of critically ill HCWs with MERS to date. The lower mortality rates, younger age and fewer comorbidities in comparison to the general population are highlighted in this study. Nevertheless, MERS related mortality in HCWs remained substantial, particularly in HCWs with chronic renal impairment. This sheds a new light on a specifically high-risk group that should be offered special attention especially during clinical care assignment to suspected or confirmed MERS cases. Additionally, the often overlooked residual physical and emotional negative outcomes need to be systematically assessed and addressed in a timely manner by health care institutions.

• #52 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (AugustSeptember 2015). […] This observational study was conducted at the Intensive Care Department which covered 5 ICUs with 60 single-bedded rooms. […] Eight HCWs had MERS requiring ICU admission (median stay = 28 days): Seven developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, four were treated with prone positioning, four needed continuous renal replacement therapy and one had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. […] In response to the outbreak, the number of negative-pressure rooms was increased from 14 to 38 rooms in 3 MERS-designated ICUs. […] Patients were managed with a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:0.8.

• #53 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Infection prevention practices were intensified. […] The ICU response required careful facility and staff management and proper infection control and prevention practices. […] The medical management of MERS patients was largely supportive. […] Most (80.9 %) MERS patients required endotracheal intubation, which was performed by the most experienced available physician with airborne precautions. […] The care for MERS patients was demanding. […] During the outbreak, the nurse-to-patient ratio was mostly 1:1 except for one patient on ECMO (2:1). […] The exposure risk to MERS-CoV can exert significant psychosocial stress on HCWs. […] MERS management was supportive and largely adhered to the WHO recommendations. […] The successful management of outbreak required integrating ICU functions with the hospital-wide plans, having preparedness plans, implementing proper infection control practices and managing staffing and staff exposure.

• #54 Risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea | BMC Pulmonary Medic

  https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-019-0940-5

  In 2015, South Korea experienced an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and our hospital experienced a nosocomial MERS infection. […] Our study provide compelling evidence that routine infection-prevention policies can greatly reduce nosocomial transmission of MERS. […] Routine examination with chest X-ray in the ED showed suspicious pneumonic consolidation in the left lower lobe. […] After confirmation of MERS infection in the index patient, we could not identify those who had never had contact with the index patient or the virus-contaminated environment in the ED because of the frequencies of their movements within and around the ED and crowding. […] To protect against further transmissions by infected patients, we closed the hospital over 1month. […] Our study confirmed the importance of a routine basic infection policy for blocking widespread propagation of nosocomial MERS infection. […] Routine infection-prevention practices, such as wearing a surgical mask and hand hygiene, can reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. […] Routine infection-prevention policies should be established in all medical institutions during a MERS outbreak.

• #55 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/control-prevention

  Protect workers from exposure when tasked with cleaning surfaces and equipment potentially contaminated with MERS-CoV. […] Select and provide workers with appropriate PPE to prevent exposure to MERS-CoV, blood or body fluids that may contain MERS-CoV, and other sources of infectious material. […] Worker protection from exposure to infectious agents, including MERS-CoV, is necessary when work tasks involve handling, treatment, transport, and disposal of medical, laboratory and other potentially contaminated waste. […] Ensure that supervisors and all potentially exposed workers are aware of the symptoms of MERS. […] Train all workers with reasonably anticipated occupational exposure to MERS (as described in this document) about the sources of MERS-CoV exposure, the hazards associated with that exposure, and appropriate workplace protocols in place to prevent or reduce the likelihood of exposure.

• #56 WHO EMRO | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) | MERS-CoV | Health topics

  https://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/mers-cov/mers-cov.html

  MERS_copy_copyTraining workers in health facilities can help to reduce health care-associated outbreaks of MERS-CoV (Photo: WHO). […] Preventing MERS relies on avoiding unpasteurized or uncooked animal products, practicing safe hygiene habits in health care settings and around dromedaries, community education and awareness training for health workers, as well as implementing effective control measures. […] Case management and infection prevention and control.

• #57 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/control-prevention

  Protect workers from exposure when tasked with cleaning surfaces and equipment potentially contaminated with MERS-CoV. […] Select and provide workers with appropriate PPE to prevent exposure to MERS-CoV, blood or body fluids that may contain MERS-CoV, and other sources of infectious material. […] Worker protection from exposure to infectious agents, including MERS-CoV, is necessary when work tasks involve handling, treatment, transport, and disposal of medical, laboratory and other potentially contaminated waste. […] Ensure that supervisors and all potentially exposed workers are aware of the symptoms of MERS. […] Train all workers with reasonably anticipated occupational exposure to MERS (as described in this document) about the sources of MERS-CoV exposure, the hazards associated with that exposure, and appropriate workplace protocols in place to prevent or reduce the likelihood of exposure.

• #58 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4716282/

  Infection prevention and control measures should be implemented systematically based on the standard, contact, and droplet precautions. […] All employees should abide by infection prevention/control rules and receive training regarding MERS-CoV infection. […] The body of a deceased MERS patient is highly infectious, and the corpse should be hermetically sealed, disinfected, and transported to minimize the transmission risk.

• #59 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Infection prevention practices were intensified. […] The ICU response required careful facility and staff management and proper infection control and prevention practices. […] The medical management of MERS patients was largely supportive. […] Most (80.9 %) MERS patients required endotracheal intubation, which was performed by the most experienced available physician with airborne precautions. […] The care for MERS patients was demanding. […] During the outbreak, the nurse-to-patient ratio was mostly 1:1 except for one patient on ECMO (2:1). […] The exposure risk to MERS-CoV can exert significant psychosocial stress on HCWs. […] MERS management was supportive and largely adhered to the WHO recommendations. […] The successful management of outbreak required integrating ICU functions with the hospital-wide plans, having preparedness plans, implementing proper infection control practices and managing staffing and staff exposure.

• #60 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4716282/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an acute viral respiratory illness with high mortality caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] Therefore, to eliminate the spread of MERS-CoV, infection prevention and control measures should be implemented with rigor. […] To ensure efficient MERS-CoV infection prevention and control, care should be taken to provide comprehensive infection control measures including contact control, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, disinfection, and environmental cleaning. […] The MERS outbreak in South Korea occurred in hospital settings through contacts with infected outpatients and inpatients. […] Therefore, the most important measure for infection prevention and control of MERS-CoV is blocking the transmission through early diagnosis of suspected or confirmed patients and their intra-hospital isolation.

• #60 The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z

  Infection prevention practices were intensified. […] The ICU response required careful facility and staff management and proper infection control and prevention practices. […] The medical management of MERS patients was largely supportive. […] Most (80.9 %) MERS patients required endotracheal intubation, which was performed by the most experienced available physician with airborne precautions. […] The care for MERS patients was demanding. […] During the outbreak, the nurse-to-patient ratio was mostly 1:1 except for one patient on ECMO (2:1). […] The exposure risk to MERS-CoV can exert significant psychosocial stress on HCWs. […] MERS management was supportive and largely adhered to the WHO recommendations. […] The successful management of outbreak required integrating ICU functions with the hospital-wide plans, having preparedness plans, implementing proper infection control practices and managing staffing and staff exposure.

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