Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/about/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. […] Most people with confirmed MERS-CoV infection have had severe respiratory illness. MERS symptoms usually appear 5 or 6 days after a person is exposed. However, symptoms can appear as early as 2 days and up to 14 days after exposure. […] Common symptoms of MERS include: Fever, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] Some people may also have diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. It is also possible that someone with MERS may have only mild symptoms or no symptoms. […] In most known MERS cases, the infected person developed pneumonia. Additional complications such as kidney failure have also occurred. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 people reported with a MERS infection died. […] Most of the people who die from MERS had at least one preexisting medical condition. Certain conditions may increase the risk of getting severe complications from MERS.

• #1 Clinical Overview of MERS | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A wide clinical spectrum of illness in patients with MERS has been reported. People with MERS-CoV infection range from being asymptomatic to having severe acute respiratory illness resulting in death, with most reported cases having more severe illness. […] Common signs and symptoms of MERS include: fever, dyspnea, non-productive cough, chills/rigors, headache, myalgia. […] Other signs and symptoms can include sore throat, coryza (runny nose and/or sneezing), productive cough, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Patients who require admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) often have a history of a febrile upper respiratory tract illness, and they might exhibit rapid progression to pneumonia (i.e., within a week of illness onset). Rapidly progressive pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), refractory hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and extrapulmonary complications, including acute kidney injury, hypotension, hepatitis, and septic shock, have been reported.

• #1 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/middle-eastern-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS, is a viral illness that causes severe lung infection. […] The MERS virus causes flu-like symptoms, with most patients developing pneumonia as a secondary infection. […] MERS symptoms can range from mild to severe. People with mild MERS infection may not receive a correct diagnosis. The more common symptoms include: Shortness of breath, Fever, Cough with or without blood, Sore throat, Muscle and stomach pain and soreness, Vomiting, Diarrhea. […] Patients with a more severe case may rapidly develop pneumonia. They may also experience breathing failure, kidney damage, high fevers and even death. […] The main symptoms of MERS are flu-like and develop from 2 to 14 days after exposure. Early diagnosis improves potential health outcomes. You should see a doctor promptly if you have traveled to affected areas, particularly the Middle East, or had contact with people known to be infected with the MERS virus and are exhibiting the above symptoms.

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): Emergence of a pathogenic human Coronavirus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5353356/

  MERS in humans often causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Studies of human-to-human MERS-CoV transmission from clusters of MERS patients revealed a median incubation period of 5-7 days, with a range of 2-14 days. […] In MERS patients, the median time from the onset of illness to hospitalization is approximately 4 days and the median time from onset of symptoms to intensive care unit (ICU) admission is approximately 5 days. […] Samples obtained from the upper respiratory tract of MERS patients showed lower virus titers and RNA copy numbers compared to those collected from the lower respiratory tract. […] Hematological analysis of MERS patients revealed lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other laboratory findings include elevated creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase suggestive of renal and liver disease.

• #1 MERS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe depending on age and risk level. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. The disease is typically more severe in those with other health problems. […] One review of 47 laboratory confirmed cases in Saudi Arabia gave the most common presenting symptoms as fever in 98%, cough in 83%, shortness of breath in 72% and myalgia in 32% of people. There were also frequent gastrointestinal symptoms with diarrhea in 26%, vomiting in 21%, abdominal pain in 17% of people. MERS can range from asymptomatic disease to severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). […] Symptoms of MERS include fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and myalgia.

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers-cov-clinical-management-and-guidance

  Symptoms include fever and cough that progress to a severe pneumonia causing shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. […] In some cases, a diarrheal illness has been the first symptom to appear.

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  The main symptoms of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are: a high temperature, a cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. […] You may also have diarrhoea, feel or be sick, or get muscle aches and shivering (chills). […] Symptoms of MERS usually start 5 or 6 days after being infected, but you can get them any time from 2 to 14 days after.

• #1 Clinical Overview of MERS | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Most patients develop symptoms approximately 5 days after an exposure to an infected person or camel, but the incubation period can range from 2-14 days. […] In critically ill patients, the median time from onset to ICU admission is approximately 5 days, and median time from onset to death is approximately 12 days.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers

  MERS-CoV infections range from showing no symptoms (asymptomatic) or mild respiratory symptoms to severe acute respiratory disease and death. […] A typical presentation of MERS-CoV disease is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit. […] The virus appears to cause more severe disease in older people, people with weakened immune systems and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. […] Approximately 35% of patients with MERS-CoV have died, but this may be an overestimate of the true mortality rate, as mild cases of MERS may be missed by existing surveillance systems. […] Until more is understood about MERS-CoV, people with diabetes, renal failure, chronic lung disease and immunocompromised persons are considered at high risk of severe disease from MERS-CoV infection.

• #1 Factsheet about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus/factsheet

  Clinical presentation of MERS-CoV infection ranges from asymptomatic to very severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Data suggest that the clinical presentation of MERS-CoV infection ranges from asymptomatic to very severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and multi-organ failure resulting in death. At least two cases had a consumptive coagulopathy during the course of their illness. The clinical course is more severe in immunocompromised patients and more likely to be mild in individuals without underlying medical conditions. […] Typically, the disease starts with fever and cough, chills, sore throat, myalgia and arthralgia followed by dyspnoea, and rapidly progresses to pneumonia, often requiring ventilatory and other organ support. Nearly all symptomatic patients presented with respiratory symptoms; however, one immunocompromised patient was initially admitted to hospital with fever, chills and diarrhoea and later found to have pneumonia.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported among MERS patients. […] A typical presentation of MERS is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation or support in an intensive care unit. Older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes appear to be at greater risk of developing severe disease.

• #1 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22633-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  MERS is a severe respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. […] A person with MERS may have no symptoms, mild cold-like symptoms or a severe life-threatening illness. Typically, people with MERS develop respiratory symptoms that include: Cough, Fever, Shortness of breath. […] Some people have also reported diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. MERS symptoms usually appear within two to 14 days after exposure to the virus. […] In severe cases, MERS progresses to pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Kidney failure can also occur. […] About 35% of people with MERS have died. However, the actual percentage may be lower because it does not include mild cases that go undiagnosed and unreported.

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): Emergence of a pathogenic human Coronavirus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5353356/

  Despite numerous deaths related to MERS-CoV infection in humans in Saudi Arabia, South Korea and other parts of the world, only one autopsy report of MERS in humans is available. Gross examination revealed extensive lung consolidation with generalized congestion and edema. The most prominent histological findings were exudative type diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, sloughing of bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar edema, alveolar fibrin deposition, hyaline membrane formation, thickening of alveolar septa and inflammatory cell infiltration.

• #1 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) – An update

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3921066/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness, caused by coronavirus called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The symptoms of MERS-CoV infection are fever, cough, and shortness of breath and later on development of severe acute respiratory illness. Gastrointestinal symptoms as diarrhea and vomiting have also reported among the patients. About half of the patients of MERS die. Severe complications include renal failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with shock. Severely immunocompromised patients can present with atypical signs and symptoms. […] There is no specific treatment for MERS-CoV, only supportive and symptomatic treatment is offered to the patient.

• #1 Factsheet about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus/factsheet

  Almost half of the patients developed pneumonia, and a lower percentage developed ARDS. […] Common laboratory findings include leucopoenia, particularly lymphopaenia. […] Casefatality ratio (CFR) reported so far has been around 40%, with probability of death rising with increasing age or co-morbidity with a medical disorder. […] Long-term sequelae of patients who recover from acute MERS are not yet known and need to be defined.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Approximately 35% of cases reported to WHO have died, but this may be an overestimate of the true mortality rate, as mild cases of MERS may be missed by existing surveillance systems. […] Transmission of MERS-CoV has occurred in health care facilities in several Member States, including from patients to health care workers and between patients in a health care setting before MERS-CoV was diagnosed. However, it is not always possible to identify patients with MERSCoV early or without testing because symptoms and other clinical features may be nonspecific.

• #1 What Is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome? An Overview

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory viral infection that is rare in the United States. MERS can cause fever, shortness of breath, and vomiting. […] MERS symptoms can vary from mild to severe and resemble a cold. Some people may not develop symptoms even though they have contracted the virus. […] Common symptoms of MERS include: shortness of breath, cough with or without blood, sore throat, fever, pain or soreness in the muscles or stomach, vomiting, diarrhea. […] MERS symptoms can develop 2–14 days after exposure to the virus. Some people commonly experience symptoms in 5–6 days. […] Some people with MERS may develop complications resulting in pneumonia or kidney disease. […] According to the American Lung Association, an accredited charity, most people with mild MERS recover without complications.

• #1 Understanding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/understanding-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an illness that affects your respiratory system (lungs). It is caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It is related to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. But MERS-CoV often causes a milder infection. It’s also much less contagious (spread by an infected person). This virus generally causes a fairly severe respiratory illness. But in some cases, the symptoms are very severe and can lead to death. […] In some cases, MERS causes no symptoms. Most often, symptoms of MERS start about 5 days after a person is exposed to the virus. But they can develop up to 14 days later. […] Common symptoms include: Fever. Chills. Coughing. Sore throat. Runny nose. Trouble breathing. Muscle aches. […] Less common symptoms include: Bloody coughing. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea. Shortness of breath.

• #1 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a rare virus that causes flu-like or pneumonia-like symptoms. MERS can be very serious and can even cause death. […] The main symptoms of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are a fever, a dry cough, shortness of breath, or trouble breathing. MERS may also cause a headache, muscle aches, a sore throat, fatigue, and diarrhea. For some people the symptoms get worse quickly, so they may need to stay in the hospital. […] The incubation period-the time from when a person is first exposed to MERS until symptoms appear-is usually 5 to 6 days, but it may be as long as 14 days. […] MERS can be very serious. The risk of dying from the illness depends on a person’s age and health. The greatest risk is to people who are older than 65 and those who have chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or heart disease.

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1301

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) should be considered when a severe respiratory illness occurs in the 2 weeks following residence in or travel to the Middle East or areas of outbreak, and/or close contact with infected individuals. […] The clinical spectrum of infection varies from no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms to severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, or multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Clues on routine laboratory testing include leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and evidence of acute kidney injury. […] The majority of cases are the result of human-to-human transmission, with peaks of confirmed cases occurring during nosocomial outbreaks.

• #1 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Medical Information | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/medical-information

  MERS typically starts with a fever (> 38°C, 100.4°F), chills, cough and shortness of breath. In some cases, individuals with MERS may also experience muscle and joint pain, nausea and diarrhea. […] Although reports of asymptomatic and mild cases exist, the disease quickly progresses to pneumonia in the majority of cases. Severe cases often result in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive-care unit. Septic shock and organ failure, especially of the kidneys, have also occurred. […] The time between when a person is exposed to MERS-CoV and when symptoms appear is approximately two (2) to 14 days (five to six days average). The infectious period for individuals with MERS-CoV is likely to extend from the onset of fever until 10 days after fever resolution.

• #1 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers.html

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral infection that affects your respiratory system. […] In some cases, MERS may not cause symptoms. But, in most cases, symptoms of MERS can start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected by the virus. They often start about 5 days after being exposed to the virus. […] These are common symptoms: Fever, Chills, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Sore throat, Runny nose, Trouble breathing, Muscle aches. […] Less common symptoms include: Bloody coughing, Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea. […] In some cases, MERS can cause severe problems. These include pneumonia, respiratory failure, failure of the kidneys and other organs, and septic shock. […] Currently there is no cure for MERS. But sometimes experimental treatments are offered. Treatment is mostly aimed at helping support your body while it fights the disease. This includes bed rest, pain medicines, oxygen, and IV fluids.

• #1 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/middle+east+respiratory+syndrome/middle+east+respiratory+syndrome+mers+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) was first recognised in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] MERS-CoV mainly causes a respiratory infection, which can range from mild illness, to severe pneumonia. Older persons and those with diabetes or immunosuppression are at higher risk of severe illness. Symptoms of MERS may include: fever, cough, breathing difficulties, muscles aches, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. About 30% of reported confirmed cases, have died. However some people, particularly those infected in healthcare settings, have only mild influenza-like symptoms or no symptoms at all. […] Between 2 to 14 days, most commonly 5 days. […] The infectious period is unknown, but is unlikely to start until symptoms are present. […] There is no specific treatment for MERS. […] There is no vaccine available to prevent MERS.

• #2 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): Emergence of a pathogenic human Coronavirus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5353356/

  In 2012, a zoonotic coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), called MERS Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). […] While MERS-CoV generally causes subclinical or mild disease, infection can result in serious outcomes, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in patients with co-morbidities. […] MERS-CoV infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations in humans. The clinical symptoms of MERS disease range from asymptomatic to mild respiratory illness to severe acute pneumonia, which rapidly progresses to acute lung Injury and ARDS, multi-organ failure and death. […] In hospitalized patients, the most common manifestations include flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, non-productive cough, chills/rigors, chest pain, headache, myalgia, shortness of breath, and dyspnea, which rapidly progress to pneumonia in those that develop severe disease.

• #2 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  The main symptoms of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are: a high temperature, a cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. […] You may also have diarrhoea, feel or be sick, or get muscle aches and shivering (chills). […] Symptoms of MERS usually start 5 or 6 days after being infected, but you can get them any time from 2 to 14 days after.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported among MERS patients. […] A typical presentation of MERS is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but MERS patients may not always develop this condition. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation or support in an intensive care unit. Older people, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes appear to be at greater risk of developing severe disease.

• #2 MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/mers-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome

  The symptoms of MERS may include fever, cough, shortness of breath, chills, body aches, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and runny nose. Symptoms may initially be similar to a cold or the flu, but people with MERS may develop pneumonia and difficulty breathing.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) – An update

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3921066/

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness, caused by coronavirus called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The symptoms of MERS-CoV infection are fever, cough, and shortness of breath and later on development of severe acute respiratory illness. Gastrointestinal symptoms as diarrhea and vomiting have also reported among the patients. About half of the patients of MERS die. Severe complications include renal failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with shock. Severely immunocompromised patients can present with atypical signs and symptoms. […] There is no specific treatment for MERS-CoV, only supportive and symptomatic treatment is offered to the patient.

• #2 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): Emergence of a pathogenic human Coronavirus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5353356/

  MERS in humans often causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Studies of human-to-human MERS-CoV transmission from clusters of MERS patients revealed a median incubation period of 5-7 days, with a range of 2-14 days. […] In MERS patients, the median time from the onset of illness to hospitalization is approximately 4 days and the median time from onset of symptoms to intensive care unit (ICU) admission is approximately 5 days. […] Samples obtained from the upper respiratory tract of MERS patients showed lower virus titers and RNA copy numbers compared to those collected from the lower respiratory tract. […] Hematological analysis of MERS patients revealed lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other laboratory findings include elevated creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase suggestive of renal and liver disease.

• #2 MERS – coronavirus, symptoms and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mers

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a rare disease. […] MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. […] Symptoms of MERS usually start 5 to 6 days after infection. But this can range from 2 days to 14 days. […] Symptoms often include: fever, cough, shortness of breath. […] Other symptoms can include: muscle pain, diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea. […] Some people who have MERS have: mild symptoms, no symptoms (asymptomatic). […] MERS is a serious illness. About 1 in 3 people who contract MERS die.

• #2 About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/about/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. […] Most people with confirmed MERS-CoV infection have had severe respiratory illness. MERS symptoms usually appear 5 or 6 days after a person is exposed. However, symptoms can appear as early as 2 days and up to 14 days after exposure. […] Common symptoms of MERS include: Fever, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] Some people may also have diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. It is also possible that someone with MERS may have only mild symptoms or no symptoms. […] In most known MERS cases, the infected person developed pneumonia. Additional complications such as kidney failure have also occurred. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 people reported with a MERS infection died. […] Most of the people who die from MERS had at least one preexisting medical condition. Certain conditions may increase the risk of getting severe complications from MERS.

• #2 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Medical Information | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/medical-information

  MERS typically starts with a fever (> 38°C, 100.4°F), chills, cough and shortness of breath. In some cases, individuals with MERS may also experience muscle and joint pain, nausea and diarrhea. […] Although reports of asymptomatic and mild cases exist, the disease quickly progresses to pneumonia in the majority of cases. Severe cases often result in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive-care unit. Septic shock and organ failure, especially of the kidneys, have also occurred. […] The time between when a person is exposed to MERS-CoV and when symptoms appear is approximately two (2) to 14 days (five to six days average). The infectious period for individuals with MERS-CoV is likely to extend from the onset of fever until 10 days after fever resolution.

• #2 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Medical Information | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/mers/medical-information

  People with pre-existing medical conditions or weakened immune systems appear to be more susceptible to MERS infection and more prone to experience severe, including fatal, disease. Pre-existing conditions among reported cases include diabetes; cancer; and chronic lung, heart, and kidney disease. One or more additional disorders have been present in most hospitalized MERS-CoV patients.

• #2 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.moh.gov.sg/seeking-healthcare/overview-of-diseases/communicable-diseases/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus which causes acute respiratory illness in infected patients. […] Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath which may progress to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intensive care and intubation. Some have reported gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea and vomiting. There have also been reports of MERS cases presenting as mild respiratory illness and as an asymptomatic infection. Individuals with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, renal disease and immunosuppression, may be at increased risk of severe disease.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome | Lahore General Hospital

  https://lgh.punjab.gov.pk/respiratory_syndrome

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), also known as camel flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Symptoms may range from mild to severe. They include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. […] Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. […] The clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV infection ranges from no symptoms (asymptomatic) or mild respiratory symptoms to severe acute respiratory disease and death. A typical presentation of MERS-CoV disease is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit.

• #2 Clinical Overview of MERS | MERS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mers/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A wide clinical spectrum of illness in patients with MERS has been reported. People with MERS-CoV infection range from being asymptomatic to having severe acute respiratory illness resulting in death, with most reported cases having more severe illness. […] Common signs and symptoms of MERS include: fever, dyspnea, non-productive cough, chills/rigors, headache, myalgia. […] Other signs and symptoms can include sore throat, coryza (runny nose and/or sneezing), productive cough, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Patients who require admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) often have a history of a febrile upper respiratory tract illness, and they might exhibit rapid progression to pneumonia (i.e., within a week of illness onset). Rapidly progressive pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), refractory hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and extrapulmonary complications, including acute kidney injury, hypotension, hepatitis, and septic shock, have been reported.

• #2 MERS – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers/

  Most people with MERS develop a severe respiratory illness with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Many patients will need mechanical ventilation because of the severity of the illness. Complications of MERS include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and kidney failure. Other symptoms and/or signs reported with MERS include gastrointestinal manifestations (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), muscle aches, sore throat, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), and inflammation of the sac that contains the heart (pericarditis). […] Some people with MERS have had mild, cold-like symptoms or no symptoms at all. […] Symptoms usually appear 5 or 6 days after exposure, with a range of 2-14 days.

• #2 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1301

  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) should be considered when a severe respiratory illness occurs in the 2 weeks following residence in or travel to the Middle East or areas of outbreak, and/or close contact with infected individuals. […] The clinical spectrum of infection varies from no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms to severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, or multi-organ failure resulting in death. […] Clues on routine laboratory testing include leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and evidence of acute kidney injury. […] The majority of cases are the result of human-to-human transmission, with peaks of confirmed cases occurring during nosocomial outbreaks.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers

  MERS-CoV infections range from showing no symptoms (asymptomatic) or mild respiratory symptoms to severe acute respiratory disease and death. […] A typical presentation of MERS-CoV disease is fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common finding, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported. Severe illness can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit. […] The virus appears to cause more severe disease in older people, people with weakened immune systems and those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. […] Approximately 35% of patients with MERS-CoV have died, but this may be an overestimate of the true mortality rate, as mild cases of MERS may be missed by existing surveillance systems. […] Until more is understood about MERS-CoV, people with diabetes, renal failure, chronic lung disease and immunocompromised persons are considered at high risk of severe disease from MERS-CoV infection.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome | Lahore General Hospital

  https://lgh.punjab.gov.pk/respiratory_syndrome

  Approximately 35% of patients with MERS have died, but this may be an overestimate of the true mortality rate, as mild cases of MERS may be missed by existing surveillance systems and until more is known about the disease, the case fatality rates are counted only amongst the laboratory-confirmed cases.

• #2 What Is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome? An Overview

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome

  However, complications can still develop for some people. For example, many people develop pneumonia as a secondary infection from MERS. Other complications can include: high fevers, kidney damage, respiratory failure. […] The CDC says 3–4 out of 10 people with MERS die. Having a preexisting medical condition that weakens your immune system plays a role. […] MERS is a respiratory infection caused by the MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Symptoms of the illness include cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Some people do not develop symptoms. Others may experience severe symptoms or complications such as pneumonia.

• #2 MERS-CoV: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/mers-cov

  A new respiratory virus emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It was named MERS-CoV, or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and it affects the respiratory tract, causing fever and a cough and proving fatal in 30% of cases. […] The virus multiplies primarily in the lower respiratory tract, causing fever, a cough, breathing difficulties and sometimes gastro-intestinal problems. Diagnosis may be delayed by the non-specific nature of these symptoms, particularly in countries seeing this type of virus for the first time. […] The incubation period is between 5 and 15 days. In Middle Eastern countries in which people are frequently in contact with dromedaries, some people may carry the virus without presenting symptoms. […] MERS-CoV may be fatal in patients weakened by pre-existing pathologies, such as diabetes, renal failure, chronic pulmonary infection, or in those who are immunodepressed. The mortality rate is estimated at around 30%.

• #2 Understanding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/understanding-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  In some cases, MERS can cause severe problems. MERS is likely more severe in the very young, the very old, those with underlying illnesses, such as diabetes or heart failure, and those who have weak immune systems. But these links are still not clear. Problems can include: Lung infection (pneumonia). Breathing (respiratory) failure and need for a breathing machine (ventilator). Failure of the kidneys and other organs. Widespread infection and low blood pressure (septic shock). […] These severe complications are more likely to lead to death from MERS.

• #2 MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) Information for Providers – Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department

  https://tpchd.org/professionals/provider-resources/diseases/mers/

  MERS is a respiratory illness caused by MERS coronavirus, or MERS-CoV. Symptoms can be severe. One third of people with reported infections died from the disease. Most who died had underlying medical conditions, but the disease can affect anyone. […] Case Definition: Fever (≥ 38°C, 100.4°F) and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome; AND either Travel from the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countries* within 14 days of onset, or Close contact with a person with fever or any respiratory illness who has traveled from the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countries* within 14 days.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | Policy&Services : KDCA

  https://www.kdca.go.kr/menu.es?mid=a30329000000

  Management and Response for MERS infection is to identify early detection of suspected MERS infection and manage it to prevent transmission in communities and hospitals. […] The definitions of suspected cases in the MERS surveillance system in Republic of Korea are as follows. Those who develop fever and respiratory symptoms(cough, shortness of breath, and others associated with pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome) with a history of travel from countries in the Middle East* within 14 days before symptom onset. […] Sings and Symptoms : fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, vomiting, diarhea. […] Incubation period : form 2 to 14 days. […] Those who develop fever and respiratory symptoms(cough, shortness of breath, and others associated with pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome) width : a history of travel form countries in the Middle East width in 14 days before symptom onset, close contact width a suspected MERS patient showing symptoms. […] Those who develop fever or respiratory symptoms(cough, shortness of breath, etc.) who was in close contact with a confirmed MERS patient showing symptoms.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000723.htm

  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory illness that mainly involves the upper respiratory tract. It causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. About 35% of people who have gotten this illness have died. Some people only have mild symptoms. […] The main symptoms are: Fever and chills, Cough, Shortness of breath. Less common symptoms include coughing up blood, diarrhea, and vomiting. Some people infected with MERS-CoV had mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Some people with MERS have developed pneumonia and kidney failure. About 3 to 4 out of every 10 people with MERS have died. Most of those who developed severe illness and died had other health problems that weakened their immune system. […] Right now, there is no vaccine for MERS and no specific treatment. Supportive care is given.

• #2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers

  MERS is an illness that affects your respiratory system. Most cases of MERS are mild. But sometimes symptoms can be severe. […] In some cases, MERS may not cause symptoms. But, in most cases, symptoms of MERS can start within 1 to 2 weeks after being infected by the virus. They often start about 5 days after being exposed to the virus. […] These are common symptoms: Fever, Chills, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Sore throat, Runny nose, Trouble breathing, Muscle aches. […] Less common symptoms include: Bloody coughing, Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea. […] In some cases, MERS can cause severe problems. These include pneumonia, respiratory failure, failure of the kidneys and other organs, and septic shock. […] Currently there is no cure for MERS. But sometimes experimental treatments are offered. Treatment is mostly aimed at helping support your body while it fights the disease. This includes bed rest, pain medicines, oxygen, and IV fluids.

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