Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Joint Hypermobility Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21763-joint-hypermobility-syndrome

  Joint hypermobility syndrome is a genetic condition that involves extreme flexibility along with pain and other symptoms. Many people have very flexible joints. But if you also have pain and other symptoms, it may be joint hypermobility syndrome. While theres no cure, symptoms can be managed by keeping your muscles strong and taking medication. […] The most common symptom of joint hypermobility syndrome is pain in your joints and muscles. Other symptoms may include: Frequent joint and ligament injuries, including dislocations and sprains. Joint and muscle stiffness. Tiredness (fatigue). Clumsiness/poor balance. Bladder and bowel issues. Dizziness and fainting. Thin, stretchy skin. […] Joint hypermobility syndrome is most commonly found in children and adolescents. As you get older, symptoms tend to decrease. For some people, symptoms are mild. For others, pain can be severe. Its important to work with your healthcare provider on ways to protect your joints and manage your pain.

• #2 Joint hypermobility syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/joint-hypermobility-syndrome/

  Joint hypermobility syndrome is when you have very flexible joints (you may think of yourself as being double-jointed). It usually affects children and young people and often gets better as you get older. […] You or your child may have joint hypermobility syndrome if you: often get tired, even after rest; keep getting pain and stiffness in your joints or muscles; keep getting sprains and strains; keep dislocating your joints (they „pop out”); have poor balance or co-ordination; have thin, stretchy skin; have bladder or bowel problems. […] Some people with joint hypermobility syndrome do not have symptoms. […] There’s no cure for joint hypermobility syndrome. […] The main treatment is improving muscle strength and fitness so your joints are better protected. […] These physical therapies can help to: reduce pain and the risk of dislocations; improve muscle strength and fitness; improve your posture and balance. […] If you have joint hypermobility syndrome, there are things you can do to improve joint and muscle strength and reduce strain.

• #3 What is HSD? – The Ehlers Danlos Society

  https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/what-is-hsd/

  Joint hypermobility syndrome (or benign joint hypermobility syndrome) is an outdated diagnosis that should no longer be used. Most people who were previously diagnosed with joint hypermobility syndrome are now classified as having either hEDS or a type of HSD. […] The hypermobility spectrum disorders can cause a variety of symptoms in different areas of the body. Therefore, people with HSD may require multiple providers in different specialties to manage their care. There are no disease-specific treatments for HSD, so HSD is managed by managing each individual’s symptoms. People with HSD may have very different symptoms and respond differently to different management strategies. Each person should work with their care team to develop a care plan that meets their individual needs. […] To be diagnosed with HSD, there should be evidence that the joint hypermobility is causing problems and it is not just an asymptomatic feature.

• #3 What is HSD? – The Ehlers Danlos Society

  https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/what-is-hsd/

  These problems include: Joint subluxations and/or dislocations, Joint pain and loss of joint function, Joint damage, such as cartilage tear, Early joint degeneration (which may, over time, lead to significant wear and tear called osteoarthritis), Soft tissue (ligament/tendon) damage and injury, Recurrent, persistent, and/or chronic pain, Poor proprioception (reduced awareness of body’s position/movement). […] Other problems that often occur in people with HSD include: Fatigue, Autonomic dysfunction, Headaches, Gastrointestinal problems, Anxiety disorders.

• #4 Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (Joint Hypermobility Syndrome)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/hypermobility-syndrome-leaflet

  For most children, symptoms improve as muscle size and strength increase with growth and age. This muscle growth reduces joint looseness. […] A small proportion of affected children continue to have problems into adulthood. These tend to be the more severely affected children, some of whom may have EDS, hypermobility type (EDS-HT). […] Young people who continue to have HSD symptoms when fully grown, as adults are at slightly greater risk of developing osteoarthritis of affected joints.

• #5 Joint Hypermobility Syndrome | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/joint-hypermobility-syndrome/

  For many, there are no symptoms, but some people have recurrent joint pain and/or recurrent joint dislocations. The pain can be localized to the joint or include the nearby muscles. It tends to be worse with activity or at the end of the day and is usually relieved with rest. Joint dislocations can occur with minimal trauma, such as rolling over in bed or going from sitting to standing. […] Most people with joint hypermobility who follow recommended guidelines for joint protection do not suffer any damage to their bones or joints as they get older. However, some people with joint hypermobility can develop early onset of osteoarthritis, due to damage from recurrent dislocations or cumulative joint stress from years of high impact activity.

• #6 Top 10 Most Common Hypermobility Symptoms – Kate Skinner PT

  https://www.kateskinnerpt.com/hypermobility-symptoms

  If you have hypermobility syndrome, the joints most likely to hurt are your shoulders, knees, wrists, elbows, and fingers. […] Painful and recurrent headaches are a common symptom of hypermobility. […] Hypermobility sufferers are prone to easy dislocation of their joints. Dislocation means joints pop out of their sockets. This can cause you severe pain. […] Chronic fatigue is symptomatic of many different diseases and disorders, including hypermobility syndrome. […] Weak collagen throughout your body makes you more susceptible to injury, particularly injuries to your muscular-skeletal system. […] Hypermobility syndrome often comes with digestive disorders. […] In some cases, hypermobility syndrome results in skin that’s thin, stretchy, or saggy. […] Scoliosis due to hypermobility syndrome can wreak havoc on your spinal health. […] Lax joints, weak connective tissue, and poor posture often cause balance and coordination problems in hypermobility syndrome.

• #7 Pocinki – Joint Hypermobility and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome — The Zebra Network

  http://thezebranetwork.org/pagef

  Joint hypermobility syndrome can include a wide and diverse array of symptoms, but the muscles and joints are most often affected, giving the syndrome its name. People with JHS often develop chronic joint pain and stiffness, most often in the larger joints; for example, the joints of the neck, shoulders, back, hips, and knees. However, smaller joints such as the ankles, wrists, and elbows often are affected as well. Joint pain often comes from the muscles and tendons around the joint rather than the joint itself, so that x-rays may be normal. […] Unexplained bruises often appear out of nowhere. Many hypermobile people complain of dry mouth or constant thirst, often with a craving for salty foods. They are uncomfortable standing for long periods, so avoid lines and like to sit with their feet up. Many patients with JHS also have problems with their autonomic nervous system, the part of the nervous system that regulates circulation, breathing, and digestion. This can lead to symptoms such as lightheadedness, palpitations, and digestive problems, and probably plays a role in difficulty sleeping and overall fatigue, which also are common complaints.

• #7 Pocinki – Joint Hypermobility and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome — The Zebra Network

  http://thezebranetwork.org/pagef

  Chronic neck strain affects nearly every patient with JHS for two main reasons. First, the ligaments that are supposed to support the head are too loose and therefore cannot do their job well. The muscles of the neck are forced to do more of the work of supporting the head than they are meant to do, so they become strained. Second, most JHS patients have shoulders that are too loose, that is the ball of the upper arm is not held tightly in the socket of the shoulder. Because of the weakness of the shoulders, almost any activity that uses the arm, including reaching, pushing, pulling, and carrying, pulls not only on the shoulder but also on the neck. For these two reasons, neck muscles are constantly being strained, and what little healing may occur overnight is promptly undone the next day.

• #7 Pocinki – Joint Hypermobility and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome — The Zebra Network

  http://thezebranetwork.org/pagef

  Lower back pain also is very common in people with JHS, again for a number of reasons. As in the neck, the ligaments that should support and stabilize the spine and pelvis usually are too loose, putting extra strain on muscles to try to support the upper half of the body. […] People with JHS do have an increased tendency to have disc problems, sometimes at an early age, because the intervertebral discs that help cushion and support the spine may be less rigid than normal. Softer discs are more prone to leak or rupture, allowing disc material to ooze out of the disc and pinch nearby nerves, causing pain. […] Hypermobility also commonly causes pain in the hips, shoulders, knees, and elbows. The shoulder in particular depends a great deal on its ligaments for support, and when the ligaments are loose, there is extra strain on the soft tissues of the shoulder.

• #7 Pocinki – Joint Hypermobility and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome — The Zebra Network

  http://thezebranetwork.org/pagef

  The most common source of knee pain in hypermobile people is the cartilage between the kneecap and the knee. Because the soft tissues that are supposed to hold the kneecap in place are loose, the kneecap itself is often loose. After years of sliding around too much, the cartilage underneath the kneecap starts to wear down (a condition referred to as chondromalacia), causing pain and sometimes a crunching or grinding noise while kneeling, squatting, or climbing stairs. […] In addition, the jaw, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is often affected by hypermobility. Just like other joints, looseness of this joint leads to strain on the muscles around it and wear of the cartilage in the joint.

• #8 Joint hypermobility | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/joint-hypermobility/

  Hypermobility can cause a range of symptoms that often affect many parts of the body. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can have a great impact on someones life: pain and stiffness in the joints and muscles particularly towards the end of the day and after physical activity […] clicking joints […] back and neck pain […] extreme tiredness, known as fatigue […] poor co-ordination […] some people find it difficult to sense the position of a joint without being able to see it, also known as proprioception […] joint dislocations or partial dislocations […] regular soft tissue injuries such as sprains and sports injuries […] easy bruising […] stomach pain […] bladder and bowel problems […] dizziness […] stretchy skin […] abnormal scarring. […] While there is no cure for HSD or hEDS, treatment can ensure your joints are better protected and can lessen the impact of your symptoms.

• #8 Joint hypermobility | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/joint-hypermobility/

  The main treatment for HSD or hEDS is improving muscle strength and fitness, so your joints are better protected. Physical therapy can reduce pain, improve your strength, fitness and balance which will help reduce the risk of dislocations. […] If your pain is not getting better your doctor may refer you to a pain clinic. Pain clinics can offer you treatments that your GP is unable to. They aim to support you to develop your own self-help skills as well as control and relieve your pain. […] Surgery on your joints is not normally recommended if you have hypermobility. This is because the tissue in and around the joint doesnt usually heal very well. […] Hypermobility can also effect younger people too. […] Studies have shown that you are more likely to suffer from anxiety if you have hypermobility. This along with living with a long-term health condition can cause feelings of depression due to the pain, fatigue, and the disruption to daily life. Therefore, it is important to take care of your mental health. […] If you are struggling it is important to reach out to a healthcare professional as they may be able to refer you to a psychologist who can help with coping strategies. […] If you need a bit of extra support, remember youre not alone. Were here to help you, every step of the way.

• #9 Hypermobile Joints (Hypermobility Syndrome): Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/hypermobile-joints

  The ability of a joint to move beyond its normal range of motion is joint hypermobility. […] However, in some people, hypermobile joints can cause joint pain and result in higher rates of subluxation, dislocations, sprains and secondary osteoarthritis. […] Joint instability, tendonitis, bursitis, frequent strains resulting from activities that would not normally affect an individual. […] Early-onset osteoarthritis. […] Subluxations or dislocations, especially in the shoulder, or clicking joints. […] Knee pain, back pain, prolapsed discs or spondylolisthesis. […] Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ). […] Hypermobility syndrome (HMS) is diagnosed using the Beighton score and Brighton criteria. […] Because HMS can cause inflammation and pain, many different medications have been tried in the United States and Europe such as anti-inflammatory medications with some relief.

• #10 Pediatric joint hypermobility: a diagnostic framework and narrative review | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-023-02717-2

  Hypermobile EhlersDanlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are debilitating conditions. Diagnosis is currently clinical in the absence of biomarkers, and criteria developed for adults are difficult to use in children and biologically immature adolescents. Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a prerequisite for hEDS and generalized HSD. Current literature identifies a large proportion of children as hypermobile using a Beighton score4 or 5/9, the cut off for GJH in adults. Other phenotypic features from the 2017 hEDS criteria can arise over time. […] The framework has 4 components, GJH, skin and tissue abnormalities, musculoskeletal complications, and core comorbidities. A Beighton score of 6/9 best identifies children with GJH at 2 standard deviations above average, based on published general population data. Skin and soft tissue changes include soft skin, stretchy skin, atrophic scars, stretch marks, piezogenic papules, and recurrent hernias.

• #11 Symptom and joint mobility progression in the joint hypermobility syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type) – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22208933/

  Objectives: To evaluate progression of symptoms and joint mobility in the joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) in order to identify specific disease pictures by age at presentation. […] Results: Except for isolated features, the overall clinical presentation was the same between sexes. In the whole sample, statistically significant differences by age at presentation were registered for fatigue, myalgias, muscle cramps, strains/sprains, dislocations, tendon ruptures, tendonitis, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic gastritis, constipation/diarrhoea and abdominal hernias. A clear inverse correlation between age at examination and BS was demonstrated with an age cut-off fixed at 33 years. Among the components of the BS, spine and elbow joints were not significantly influenced by age. […] Conclusions: This study confirmed the existence of a protean clinical history of JHS which may be exemplified in different phases with distinguishable presentations. The knowledge of the peculiarities of each of them will help the practitioner in recognising and, hopefully, treating this condition.

• #12 What is Hypermobility | The HMSA

  https://www.hypermobility.org/what-is-hypermobility

  Symptoms vary a lot between people, and also vary over time for each individual. It is common for hypermobility to become symptomatic after something changes that tips the hypermobile body from can cope to cant cope. This can be triggered by many things, including injury, illness (including COVID 19), stress, pregnancy, or changes in activity levels, job, or home life.

• #12 What is Hypermobility | The HMSA

  https://www.hypermobility.org/what-is-hypermobility

  For a smaller number of people hypermobility is accompanied by symptoms (symptomatic hypermobility). […] Many symptoms are common to people with hypermobility syndromes (and to a lesser extent with people in groups C and D). These may include: Pain (both acute and chronic), fatigue, dislocations or subluxations (where a joint slips partially out of place), frequent injuries (including micro traumas slight injuries which may not show up on tests or MRIs, but can occur repeatedly in the same area of connective tissue without completely healing), constipation, reflux and other digestive issues, pelvic floor and bladder issues, fragile skin, and easy bruising. […] Common symptoms are often not obvious, and can include: Joint instability and hyper-extension, sprains, strains, subluxations, and/or dislocations, Stomach and digestive problems (like reflux and slow stomach emptying), Poor proprioception, Bladder and bowel problems, Autonomic dysfunction Including postural tachycardia syndrome (e.g. dizziness, fainting, light-headedness, difficulty regulating temperature), Easy bruising, Poor wound healing, Long term (persistent) pain, Stretchy or soft skin, Chronic fatigue.

• #13 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/

  Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications. […] An unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. […] Many people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring.

• #14 Joint hypermobility in children

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/joint-hypermobility-children/

  Your child might not have any symptoms. […] But some children have: joint and muscle pains, especially in their leg muscles – usually improves with rest, a gentle massage and heat […] low muscle tone and weakness in their muscles – this may affect their fine motor skills (using small muscles for movement) and gross motor skills (using large muscles for movement) […] injuries that they get frequently, such as sprains. […] Hypermobile infants often start walking a few months later than usual. This can be as late as 18 to 20 months. […] Keeping active and strong is important and helps reduce joint pain. Joints are more stable when they are supported by strong muscles. […] Do a little bit of exercise often and do it every day. This will minimise muscle ache and pain after exercising.

• #15 What Are the 3 Phases of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder?

  https://experiencelife.lifetime.life/article/what-are-the-three-phases-of-hypermobile-ehlers-danos-syndrome-and-hypermobility-spectrum-disorder/

  The pain phase is the second stage for those with hEDS or HSD. Between these first two phases, theres often a period of mystery ailments and injuries, Bluestein notes. This might include joint instability, musculoskeletal pain, gut symptoms, migraines, or mast-cell activation such as eczema, asthma, and allergies. […] The pain phase is when the nervous system has had enough painful input that someone starts to develop nociplastic pain, Bluestein explains. Nociplastic pain (sometimes called central sensitization) arises from pain signals that have become distorted or overly sensitized in the central nervous system. […] This phase usually arises in someones second, third, or fourth decade of life. […] A trigger such as an injury or infection can also launch someone into the second phase. If the immune system gets activated, we get more inflammation, which can increase pain and other symptoms, Bluestein says.

• #16 What Are the 3 Phases of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder?

  https://experiencelife.lifetime.life/article/what-are-the-three-phases-of-hypermobile-ehlers-danos-syndrome-and-hypermobility-spectrum-disorder/

  Puberty itself may serve as a trigger thanks to changing hormones. […] The joint-stiffening phase is the third stage, and typically comes in the fifth, sixth, or seventh decade of life. […] While this phase can bring the downsides of joint degeneration and osteoarthritic pain that are common across the general population, stiffer joints may also reduce dislocations and injuries in hypermobile people, Knight says. […] People with hEDS or HSD do not have decreased life expectancy. So, all of our focus is on improving quality of life, Knight says. Ideally, this means recognizing and diagnosing hypermobility and its related conditions early, to avoid greater complications down the road.

• #17 Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Test, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hypermobility_syndrome/article.htm

  Joints easily move beyond the normal range with joint hypermobility syndrome. Joints move beyond the normal range with joint hypermobility syndrome. […] Symptoms of joint hypermobility syndrome include pain in the knees, fingers, hips, and elbows. There is a higher incidence of joint dislocation and sprains of involved joints. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine) occurs more frequently in people with hypermobile joints and can lead to back pain. Joint hypermobility tends to decrease with aging as we become naturally less flexible. […] Frequently, there are no long-term consequences of joint hypermobility syndrome. However, hypermobile joints can lead to joint pain. Over time, joint hypermobility can lead to degenerative cartilage and arthritis. Certain hypermobile joints can be at risk for injury, such as sprained ligaments.

• #18 Joint hypermobility syndrome in childhood. A not so benign multisystem disorder? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728418/

  Joint hypermobility (JH) or „ligamentous laxity” is felt to be an underlying risk factor for many types of musculoskeletal presentation in paediatrics, and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) describes such disorders where symptoms become chronic, often more generalized and associated with functional impairment. […] The average age at onset of symptoms was 6.2 yr and age at diagnosis 9.0 yr, indicating a 2- to 3-yr delay in diagnosis. The major presenting complaint was arthralgia in 74%, abnormal gait in 10%, apparent joint deformity in 10% and back pain in 6%. […] JHS is poorly recognized in children with a long delay in the time to diagnosis. Although there is a referral bias towards joint symptoms, a surprisingly large proportion is associated with significant neuromuscular and motor development problems. […] The delay in diagnosis results in poor control of pain and disruption of normal home life, schooling and physical activities. Knowledge of the diagnosis and simple interventions are likely to be highly effective in reducing the morbidity and cost to the health and social services.

• #19 Hypermobility Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypermobility-syndrome-pro

  Fatigue, often with reduced exercise tolerance. This relates to deconditioning through exercise avoidance and may impact on all aspects of life, affecting energy levels and concentration. […] A small proportion may have problems with abdominal pain with or without bladder and bowel dysfunction. It is not always clear whether this relates directly. Abdominal pain is common in childhood and frequently relates to constipation. Constipation may increase in incidence when there is reduction in physical activity and muscle tone. […] Average age at onset of symptoms was 6.2 years and age at diagnosis 9.0 years. […] The major presenting complaint was arthralgia in 74%, abnormal gait in 10%, apparent joint deformity in 10% and back pain in 6%. […] Actual subluxation/dislocation of joints was seen in 10%.

• #19 Hypermobility Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypermobility-syndrome-pro

  Many with joint hypermobility syndrome have pain and fatiguability when writing by hand and experience posture-related muscular pains, generalised tiredness and altered sleep patterns and concentration – all of which can affect school performance. Extra-articular symptoms may include abdominal pain, headaches and mood disturbance. […] The main presenting features are joint hypermobility with exercise-related muscle and joint pains and some level of fatigue. However, there is enormous variability in symptom severity. Commonly the history is of: Joint/muscle pains after activity and at night – usually more lower-limb than upper-limb – most typically, calf and thigh muscles and knees. Younger children tend to report more pain, possibly because teenagers are developing stronger, tighter muscles.

• #19 Hypermobility Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypermobility-syndrome-pro

  Benign joint hypermobility syndrome is generally a self-limiting condition which improves as the child develops increased muscle size and strength, reducing joint looseness. A full return to normal activities is the usual outcome. The speed with which this occurs depends on the severity of the condition, the commitment and effort of the child and family to the management programme and on the level of support they require and receive. Improvements can be surprisingly fast. However, some individuals continue to have problems into adulthood, usually of joint laxity resulting in easy injury. […] BJHS rarely leads to arthritis, although problems with the kneecap may develop in those in whom it has recurrently dislocated. Adults who retain their benign joint hypermobility syndrome are at slightly greater risk of developing osteoarthritis of affected joints.

• #20 Joint hypermobility syndrome

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/537938

  JHS frequently presents with a complex array of symptoms, with pain being the predominant feature. Other reported symptoms include feelings of instability, subluxation, dislocation, stiffness, and incoordination. […] The basis for the symptoms is thought to lie in lax connective tissue, which predisposes the patient to trauma from overuse and misuse of joints and soft tissues. […] Symptoms often get worse in adolescence. This may be related to one of the growth spurts or to the onset of menstruation, with symptoms possibly getting worse prior to each period. […] The main aim of treatment is to increase function, decrease disability, and enable the patient to confidently and effectively self-manage the condition.

• #21 Joint hypermobility | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/muscle-bone-and-joints/conditions-that-can-affect-multiple-parts-of-the-body/joint-hypermobility/

  hEDS or HSD can also cause abnormalities in the part of your nervous system that controls bodily functions you do not actively think about. These abnormalities can cause problems when you stand up or sit in the same position for a while. Your blood pressure can drop to low levels, making you feel sick, dizzy and sweaty. You may also faint. […] In some people, these abnormalities can lead to postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). POTS causes your pulse rate to increase rapidly within a few minutes of standing up. You may also experience: dizziness or fainting, headaches, tummy upsets, sweating, a sensation of anxiety, purple puffy fingers and feet, a pounding or fluttering heart beat (heart palpitations). […] People with hEDS or HSD may have other related conditions and further symptoms, including: stress incontinence when urine leaks out when your bladder is under pressure, hernias where an internal part of the body, like an organ, pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall, in women, pelvic organ prolapse where the organs inside the pelvis slip down from their normal position, varicose veins swollen and enlarged veins, usually blue or dark purple, flat feet where the inner part of your feet (the arch) is not raised off the ground when you stand, headaches, drooping eyelids, a tendency to bruise easily and develop stretch marks, thin or stretchy skin. […] A person with hEDS or HSD may also have a number of other symptoms related to weaknesses in the connective tissues throughout their body.

• #21 Joint hypermobility | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/muscle-bone-and-joints/conditions-that-can-affect-multiple-parts-of-the-body/joint-hypermobility/

  Joint hypermobility means that some or all of a persons joints have an unusually large range of movement. […] But, some people with joint hypermobility can have symptoms like: pain and stiffness in the joints and muscles, clicking joints, joints that dislocate (come out of the correct position) easily, fatigue (extreme tiredness), recurrent injuries like sprains, digestive problems like constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dizziness and fainting, thin or stretchy skin. […] A person with hEDS or HSD may also have some other symptoms related to stretchiness in the connective tissues throughout their body. The severity can differ from one person to another. […] hEDS or HSD can cause symptoms that affect your digestive system. This is because the connective tissue within your digestive system is more stretchy. This makes squeezing food either more difficult or quicker causing a range of problems including: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastroparesis where the stomach has difficulty emptying its contents into the small bowel which can cause bloating and nausea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

• #22 Joint hypermobility factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/joint-hypermobility-factsheet

  They might also have pain that happens during and after physical activity. Usually, this pain will get better over time, but it is long-lasting for some children. […] Other signs and symptoms of joint hypermobility can include: muscle pain and weakness that does not go away, fatigue and poor sleep, dizziness, low fitness levels, chronic constipation or hard poos, gastro-oesophageal reflux, abdominal pain or stomach ache that does not go away, irritable bowel syndrome a bowel condition that causes cramping, pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and constipation, urinary tract infections or issues that do not go away, weak pelvic floor muscles. […] If your child has joint hypermobility in more than 4 joints, you should talk to their doctor about any related conditions. This is to help minimise future injuries and check any other related health issues.

• #22 Joint hypermobility factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/joint-hypermobility-factsheet

  Your childs doctor may investigate other conditions like Joint hypermobility syndrome or Ehlers-Danos Syndrome if they have symptoms like ongoing joint and muscle pain, fatigue, pain that limits their ability to go to school, play sport or participate in other activities. […] If your child has joint hypermobility and injured, it may take them longer to heal and build back muscle strength and endurance. […] Joint injuries are more common in children who do not exercise as they do not have the muscle strength to support and protect the joints. […] Some children will need to avoid certain sports and activities depending on their joint hypermobility, while other may need to pace their levels of activity throughout the day to avoid pain and fatigue. […] Your childs treatment team will work together to help them manage chronic, complex pain from joint hypermobility. […] Children with joint hypermobility are more likely to have: anxiety, panic attacks, depression, issues with chronic pain, fatigue.

• #23 Joint Hypermobility Syndrome – Mr Salus Sporting Lab

  https://mrsalussportinglab.com/joint-hypermobility-syndrome/

  JHS can cause symptoms that affect your digestive system because the muscles that squeeze food through your digestive system can weaken. […] The nature of JHS means that you are at increased risk of injuries, such as: Joints Dislocations. Muscles Sprains. Sports Injury. Increased risk of developing Osteoarthritis earlier in life than usual (Although a link is not entirely certain). […] Managing the condition may therefore also involve treating short-term injuries as they arise while following a long-term treatment plan to manage daily symptoms.

• #24 Hypermobility and PoTS | PoTS UK

  https://www.potsuk.org/about-pots/associated-conditions/hypermobility-and-pots/

  Musculoskeletal issues are those which affect the muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and other soft tissue structures and may include: Joint and muscle pain, Muscle weakness, Unstable joints prone to injuries, dislocations or subluxations (where a bone becomes fully or partially out of place), Poor proprioception – difficulties knowing where a part of your body is, in relation to the rest of your body (eg. tripping over your own feet, bumping into door frames and coffee tables etc), Flat feet, Curvature of the spine, Pain in the jaw joint – temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. […] Symptoms associated with HSD and hEDS include fatigue – mental and physical tiredness, sleep problems – which may be due to pain at night or restless leg syndrome, headaches, and being more prone to allergies.

• #25 What are JHS and EDS? – School Toolkit for EDS and JHS

  https://theschooltoolkit.org/what-are-jhs-and-eds/

  Individuals with JHS or some types of EDS can experience symptoms related to the abnormal function of the autonomic (involuntary or automatic) nervous system. The term autonomic dysfunction is used. […] Symptoms of JHS and EDS are widespread and can vary greatly from child to child. […] Symptoms can vary widely between pupils with JHS and EDS, even in those from within the same family. […] Pupils with JHS or EDS may present as being distracted, fidgety and uncooperative in class. […] Tiredness caused by JHS or EDS may present as slowness in the body and in thinking, which gradually gets worse throughout the day. […] Particularly severe symptoms may affect a pupil’s attendance, as will the frequent medical appointments which often come with having the conditions. […] Most pupils with JHS or EDS want to fully participate in school life but find it too challenging physically and mentally in the school environment.

• #26 Joint hypermobility syndrome: What it is, tests, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypermobility

  Joint hypermobility syndrome can happen on its own with no other symptoms. It can also be a symptom of another disorder, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. […] The symptoms depend on the hypermobility spectrum disorder a person has. For example, people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may experience the following: bladder issues, anxiety, dizziness, skin issues, such as bruising. […] Hypermobility spectrum disorder symptoms include: increased joint mobility, the ability to extend the joints past their typical range, joint flexibility that may enable a person to make unusual movements. […] Some people with hypermobility spectrum disorders have chronic pain. […] There is no cure for hypermobility syndromes. The outlook depends on a person’s overall health, the treatment regimen, and the type of hypermobility they have. […] For all causes of hypermobility syndrome, the outlook is better with supportive care. Exercise and lifestyle changes can improve the outlook and reduce the risk of serious injuries.

• #27 Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0415/p481-s1.html

  People who have hypermobile EDS/hypermobility spectrum disorders may be at risk for other medical problems, such as: […] Different people have different amounts of joint flexibility, skin problems, and other medical conditions. People with more of these symptoms may have hypermobile EDS, which is usually more severe than hypermobility spectrum disorders. […] Sometimes these conditions can cause more serious problems with your eyes, blood vessels, or heart. Ask your doctor whether you need more testing for these problems. […] There is no cure, but often you can control your symptoms by making healthy choices. Taking good care of your body may prevent joint injuries and arthritis in the future. […] Your family doctor will manage your care. It may involve a team of people like physical therapists, occupational therapists, counselors, and other kinds of doctors.

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