Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352557

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. […] You can get deep vein thrombosis (DVT) if you have certain medical conditions that affect how the blood clots. […] The main causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are damage to a vein from surgery or inflammation and damage due to infection or injury. […] Anything that prevents the blood from flowing or properly clotting can cause a blood clot.

• #2 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #3 Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management – Stone – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/16872/html

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. […] Virchows Triad distills the multitude of risk factors for DVT into three basic elements favoring thrombus formation: venous stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulability. […] The clinical conditions most closely associated with DVT are fundamentally related to the elements of Virchows Triad; these include surgery or trauma, malignancy, prolonged immobility, pregnancy, congestive heart failure, varicose veins, obesity, advancing age, and a history of DVT. […] Other risk factors for clot formation include cancer, oral contraceptives, obesity, and advancing age. Malignancy can exert a compressive effect on veins contributing to stasis. […] Taken together, thrombosis formation is a dynamic, multicausal process that hinges on a fine balance of physical and biochemical factors.

• #4 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Numerous factors, often in combination, contribute to DVT. These may be categorized as acquired (eg, medication, illness) or congenital (eg, anatomic variant, enzyme deficiency, mutation). A useful categorization may be an acute provoking condition versus a chronic condition, as this distinction affects the length of anticoagulant therapy. […] Frequent causes of DVT are due to an increase of venous stasis due to immobilization or central venous obstruction. Immobility can be as transient as that occurring during a transcontinental airplane flight or an operation under general anesthesia. In addition, postoperative hospitalization, such as from pelvic, hip, or spinal surgery, or in patients with stroke or paraplegia, can all contribute to immobilization as well. Other risk factors include obesity, medications (eg, oral contraceptives), pregnancy, advanced age, trauma, malignancy, and genetic conditions (eg, antiphospholipid syndrome, factor V Leiden, protein C and S deficiency).

• #5 3 Causes of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Vein Health

  https://www.veinhealth.com.au/3-causes-of-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been in the news for all the wrong reasons recently, leaving many confused about what it is and its causes. […] Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot within the internal veins, not arteries, of the body. […] There are many reasons why blood may clot within a vein. […] Blood can congeal and cause a blood clot in situations where an individual is immobilised, not moving their body, or using their leg muscle pump (walking or running) to help blood flow through the deep veins efficiently. […] Major trauma because of major surgery, a major car or motorbike accident, can result in internal bleeding. […] Where there is no other aggravating factor, such as immobility and trauma, a genetic predisposition to blood clotting may underlie most cases of thrombosis.

• #6 Deep Vein Thrombosis | Michigan Vascular Center

  https://michiganvascularcenter.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in one of the deep veins in the body. […] Either damaged veins or slow blood flow in the veins can cause DVT, along with other risk factors. […] Since blood clots lead to DVT, anything that causes blood to flow or clot improperly can cause deep vein thrombosis. […] Furthermore, damage to a vein from surgery or damage and inflammation due to an infection or injury are the leading causes of deep vein thrombosis. […] DVT can occur in any deep vein, though it commonly forms in the pelvis, calf, or thigh veins. […] Cancer, heart failure, and inflammatory bowel disease all increase the risk of developing blood clots and DVT.

• #7 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #8 Venous Thromboembolism – Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/deep-vein-thrombosis

  DVT may occur if the flow of blood slows down in your bodys deep veins, if something damages the blood vessel lining, or if the makeup of the blood itself changes so that blood clots form more easily. […] Many factors can raise the likelihood of blood clotting in the deep veins of the legs. […] DVT can occur at any age, but the chances rise as you get older. […] Some genes you inherit may raise your likelihood of developing blood clots. […] DVT can develop during a long flight or when a person is on bed rest in a nursing home, hospital setting, or after surgery. […] A blood clotting disorder, immune illnesses such as lupus, heart problems, cancer, or serious illness such as getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can raise the likelihood of DVT. […] Women in their childbearing years are more likely than men to develop blood clots. The chance is higher for pregnant women and women who take birth control pills or get hormone therapy. After menopause, womens risk is lower than mens.

• #9 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #10 Deep vein thrombosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/deep-vein-thrombosis

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is where a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the leg (veins below the skins surface that are not visible through the skin). […] Anything that slows the flow of blood through the deep veins in the legs can cause DVT. This includes an injury, surgery or long periods of sitting or lying. […] DVT is more likely to happen if you: have coronary heart disease, are over 40, have obesity, smoke tobacco, have had DVT before or have a family history of blood clots or stroke at a young age, take the contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy, have cancer or heart failure, have varicose veins, have a blood clotting disorder. […] There are also some temporary situations that can increase the risk of DVT. These include if you: have had major surgery, have had an injury (fractures, spinal cord injuries, muscle injuries), are confined to bed or have limited movement, go on a long journey (more than four hours) by plane, car or train, are pregnant or if you’ve had a baby in the previous six weeks, are dehydrated, have an infection.

• #11 Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-air-sea/deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism.html

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot develops in the deep veins, usually in the lower extremities. […] Virchow’s classic triad for thrombus formation is venous stasis, vessel wall damage, and a hypercoagulable state. […] Prolonged, cramped sitting during long-distance travel interferes with venous flow in the legs, creating venous stasis. […] Coagulation activation can result from an interaction between air cabin conditions (e.g., hypobaric hypoxia) and individual risk factors for VTE. […] Studies indicate that long-distance air travel might increase a person’s overall risk for VTE by 2- to 4-fold, but the data are inconsistent. […] The combination of air travel with preexisting individual risk factors might synergistically increase risk. […] Most travel-associated VTE occurs in travelers with preexisting risk factors for VTE. […] For air travelers, height appears to be an additional risk factor; people 1.6 m (5 ft, 3 in) and those 1.9 m (6 ft, 3 in) tall were at increased risk. […] Immobility while flying is a risk for VTE. […] Indirect evidence suggests that maintaining mobility could prevent VTE.

• #12 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #13 What Is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/guide/

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a blood clot that forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, typically in your legs. […] Deep vein thrombosis can result from certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots: […] Some types of cancer or cancer treatment may increase levels of certain substances in your blood that cause clots. […] If you have heart failure, you are at an increased risk for DVT and pulmonary embolism due to limited heart and lung function. […] Being overweight or obese increases the pressure in the veins of your legs and pelvis, raising the risk of clots. […] This risk increases during pregnancy women with an inherited clotting disorder are at higher risk and for up to six weeks after giving birth. […] Using birth control pills (oral contraceptives) or hormone replacement therapy can also increase your bloods clotting abilities.

• #14 DVT: Causes, Warning Signs, Treatment, and Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/what-is-dvt-and-what-causes-it

  If blood moves too slowly through your veins, it can cause a clump of blood cells called a clot. […] The causes of DVT include things that keep blood from: […] This usually happens as a result of damage to one of your veins due to: […] Many things can raise your chances of getting DVT. […] DVT can happen at any age, but your risk is greater after age 40. […] When you sit for long stretches of time, the muscles in your lower legs stay still. […] When you’re in the hospital for a long time, this can also keep your muscles still and raise your odds of DVT. […] Carrying a baby puts more pressure on the veins in your legs and pelvis. […] People with obesity that’s a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher are at a higher risk. […] Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and heart disease can all raise your risk.

• #15 Deep Vein Thrombosis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis

  A blood clot that develops in a deep vein that can block circulation. […] Sometimes people develop a blood clot after surgery or after sitting still for a long period of time such as on a multi-hour plane ride. The condition is called deep vein thrombosis. […] It happens when a blood clot—the medical term is „thrombus”—develops in a deep vein of the body. It occurs most commonly in the legs. […] People who develop deep vein thrombosis often have at least two of the three following preconditions: […] Slow blood flow: It can happen during long days sitting at a desk or on long plane trips or car rides. […] A hypercoagulable state: Various factors make blood more prone to clotting. […] An abnormality in the blood vessel: Deep vein thrombosis is more common in people who have May-Thurner syndrome.

• #16 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a blood clot. The clot blocks a vein, preventing blood from properly circulating in your body. […] Different factors can lead to a DVT or increase the risk of developing it. They include: […] Injury: Damage to a blood vessels wall can narrow or block blood flow. A blood clot may form as a result. […] Surgery: Blood vessels can be damaged during surgery, leading to the development of a blood clot. Bed rest with little to no movement after surgery may also increase your risk of developing a blood clot. […] Reduced mobility or inactivity: When you sit frequently, such as during a long flight, blood can collect in your legs, especially the lower parts. If you cannot move for extended periods, the blood flow in your legs can slow down. This can cause a clot to develop.

• #17 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Increased blood viscosity may decrease venous blood flow. This change may be due to an increase in the cellular component of the blood, as seen in polycythemia rubra vera or pathologic thrombocytosis, or simply a decrease in the fluid component from dehydration causing hemoconcentration of blood cells. […] Anatomic variants that result in diminution or absence of the inferior vena cava or iliac veins may contribute to venous stasis. In iliocaval thrombosis, an underlying anatomic contributor is identified in 60-80% of patients. The best-known anomaly is compression of the left common iliac vein at the anatomic crossing of the right common iliac artery. […] Mechanical injury to the endothelial wall appears to provide an added stimulus for venous thrombosis. For example, hip arthroplasty patients with associated femoral vein manipulation represent a high-risk group for developing DVT that cannot be explained simply by immobilization.

• #18 Deep Vein Thrombosis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/

  Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of the body. This can happen if a vein becomes damaged or if the blood flow within a vein slows down or stops. While there are a number of risk factors for developing a DVT, two of the most common are an injury to your lower body and surgery that involves your hips or legs. […] Several factors can affect blood flow in the deep veins and increase the risk for developing blood clots. These include: Increasing age, Personal or family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism, Having cancer, Having a vein disease, such as varicose veins, Smoking, Using birth control pills or hormone therapy, Pregnancy, Being overweight or obese, Inheriting a blood-clotting disorder. […] A broken hip or leg, or having major surgery on your hip, knee or lower leg can affect normal blood flow and clotting. In these orthopaedic situations, three primary factors contribute to the formation of blood clots in veins: slow blood flow, hypercoagulation, and damage to the veins.

• #19 Understanding the Causes and Treatments of DVT

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/understanding-the-causes-and-treatments-of-dvts

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein deep to the muscle, causing circulation to be partially or completely blocked. […] There are many possible causes for blood clots, says Dr. Kelsey. These include: […] Inherited genetic defects that cause problems with bleeding and clotting, especially when combined with an additional provoking trigger (such as having surgery or starting birth control pills) can cause a DVT. […] According to Dr. Kelsey, if some prevention isn’t used, hip surgery carries up to a 60 percent risk of a blood clot, knee surgery about 40 percent risk, and abdominal surgery about 15-20 percent chance. […] The risk of clots increases with age, although clots can occur at any age. […] Some forms of cancer can first appear as a blood clot, such as pancreatic or ovarian cancer, explains Dr. Kelsey.

• #20 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants. […] Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100. […] Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop. […] Obesity: Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely to develop DVT than those who aren’t pregnant. […] Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.

• #21 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #22 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Catheter: Having a catheter placed in a vein can increase the likelihood of a blood clot forming. […] Smoking: This is associated with a higher risk of DVT. […] Hereditary blood clotting disorders: Having a clotting disorder makes you more susceptible to DVT. […] Cancer: Having pancreatic, lung, stomach, or brain cancer, as well as other cancers, puts you at risk of DVT, especially if you’re undergoing chemotherapy.

• #23 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Increased blood viscosity may decrease venous blood flow. This change may be due to an increase in the cellular component of the blood, as seen in polycythemia rubra vera or pathologic thrombocytosis, or simply a decrease in the fluid component from dehydration causing hemoconcentration of blood cells. […] Anatomic variants that result in diminution or absence of the inferior vena cava or iliac veins may contribute to venous stasis. In iliocaval thrombosis, an underlying anatomic contributor is identified in 60-80% of patients. The best-known anomaly is compression of the left common iliac vein at the anatomic crossing of the right common iliac artery. […] Mechanical injury to the endothelial wall appears to provide an added stimulus for venous thrombosis. For example, hip arthroplasty patients with associated femoral vein manipulation represent a high-risk group for developing DVT that cannot be explained simply by immobilization.

• #24 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #25 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Signs and Symptoms, Causes

  https://www.veinclinicsofhawaii.com/understanding-deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt/

  A Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms inside a primary vein called a deep vein. DVT’s usually occur in the legs, but can also form in other parts of the body. […] This is a list of some of the most important causes of DVT: […] Immobility: When blood moves very slowly, platelets in the blood are more likely to stick together and form a blood clot. When you sit still for long periods of time, such as when you’re on a long flight or car ride, your muscles relax, causing venous flow to slow down. […] Injury to a deep vein: This can result from a surgery, a broken bone or other trauma. Even minor injuries such as a sprained ankle can increase your chances of developing DVT. […] A history of DVT: If you’ve had DVT in the past, your chances of developing a new DVT are much higher. Usually, your body will break down a blood clot and it’ll go away, but sometimes some or all of the clot will remain in your vein and give your blood’s platelets something to stick to, forming a new blood clot. […] Other causes of DVT include pregnancy, birth control, hormone replacement therapy, smoking, obesity and some genetic blood disorders.

• #26 Deep Vein Thrombosis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/

  Blood that does not flow freely and does not mix with anticoagulants may be more likely to clot. […] During surgery, matter such as tissue debris, collagen, or fat may be released into the blood system and can cause the blood to coagulate. […] During surgery, the doctor must move, or retract, soft tissues such as ligaments, muscles, and tendons to reach the area being operated on. In some cases, this can release naturally occurring substances that promote blood clotting.

• #27 These 5 Factors Put You More at Risk for Deep Vein Thrombosis: Vascular Institute of New York: Board Certified Vascular and Endovascular Surgeons

  https://www.vascularnyc.com/blog/these-5-factors-put-you-more-at-risk-for-deep-vein-thrombosis

  DVT occurs when something causes the blood flow in your veins to slow down or change. […] Any time a vein sustains damage, its at an increased risk of developing DVT. […] The term hypercoagulable state refers to any disease or condition that causes your blood to clot more easily. […] Having higher than normal estrogen levels can also increase your risk of developing DVT blood clots. […] Although DVT is more common in adults older than 60, it can happen at any age, particularly if you have any health-related risk factors. […] DVT is highly treatable and preventable with early detection and care.

• #28 Patient education: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt-beyond-the-basics/print

  DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS OVERVIEW […] Venous thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein. This clot can limit blood flow through the vein, causing swelling and pain. Most commonly, venous thrombosis occurs in the „deep veins” in the legs, thighs, or pelvis. This is called a deep vein thrombosis, or DVT. […] If a person is found to have a DVT and there is no known medical condition or recent surgery, leg injury, or immobility that could have caused the DVT, it is possible that an inherited condition is the cause. This is especially true in people with a family member who has also experienced a DVT or pulmonary embolus (PE). In these cases, testing for an inherited thrombophilia (a genetic problem that causes the blood to form abnormal clots more easily than normal) may be recommended. […] Medical conditions or medications — Some medical conditions and medications increase your risk of developing a blood clot: Cancer. Immobilization (eg, due to hospitalization, recovery from injury, bedrest, or paralysis). Previous DVT or PE. Age ≥65 years. Obesity. Pregnancy. Certain medications (eg, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, tamoxifen, thalidomide, erythropoietin, cancer chemotherapy medications). The risk of a blood clot is further increased in people who use one of these medications and also have other risk factors. […] Inherited thrombophilia — Inherited thrombophilia refers to a genetic problem that causes the blood to form clots more easily than normal. Various factors in the blood clotting process may be involved, depending on the type of genetic problem present. […] Acquired thrombophilia — Some types of thrombophilia are not inherited but can still increase a person’s risk of developing a blood clot. Examples include: Certain disorders of the blood, such as polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytosis. Antiphospholipid antibodies (antibodies in the blood that can affect the clotting process). Having an increased level of one or more factors involved in blood clotting.

• #29 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #30 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #31 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #32 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #33 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #34 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #35 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. […] The mechanism behind DVT formation typically involves some combination of decreased blood flow, increased tendency to clot, changes to the blood vessel wall, and inflammation. […] Risk factors include recent surgery, older age, active cancer, obesity, infection, inflammatory diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, personal history and family history of VTE, trauma, injuries, lack of movement, hormonal birth control, pregnancy, and the period following birth. […] Dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified, and they account for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. […] As such, family history of VTE is a risk factor for a first VTE.

• #36 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #37 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #38 Patient education: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt-beyond-the-basics/print

  DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS OVERVIEW […] Venous thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein. This clot can limit blood flow through the vein, causing swelling and pain. Most commonly, venous thrombosis occurs in the „deep veins” in the legs, thighs, or pelvis. This is called a deep vein thrombosis, or DVT. […] If a person is found to have a DVT and there is no known medical condition or recent surgery, leg injury, or immobility that could have caused the DVT, it is possible that an inherited condition is the cause. This is especially true in people with a family member who has also experienced a DVT or pulmonary embolus (PE). In these cases, testing for an inherited thrombophilia (a genetic problem that causes the blood to form abnormal clots more easily than normal) may be recommended. […] Medical conditions or medications — Some medical conditions and medications increase your risk of developing a blood clot: Cancer. Immobilization (eg, due to hospitalization, recovery from injury, bedrest, or paralysis). Previous DVT or PE. Age ≥65 years. Obesity. Pregnancy. Certain medications (eg, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, tamoxifen, thalidomide, erythropoietin, cancer chemotherapy medications). The risk of a blood clot is further increased in people who use one of these medications and also have other risk factors. […] Inherited thrombophilia — Inherited thrombophilia refers to a genetic problem that causes the blood to form clots more easily than normal. Various factors in the blood clotting process may be involved, depending on the type of genetic problem present. […] Acquired thrombophilia — Some types of thrombophilia are not inherited but can still increase a person’s risk of developing a blood clot. Examples include: Certain disorders of the blood, such as polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytosis. Antiphospholipid antibodies (antibodies in the blood that can affect the clotting process). Having an increased level of one or more factors involved in blood clotting.

• #39 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants. […] Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100. […] Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop. […] Obesity: Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely to develop DVT than those who aren’t pregnant. […] Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.

• #40 What Is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/guide/

  Smoking adversely affects blood clotting and circulation, which can increase your risk of DVT. […] If you or someone in your family has had DVT or a pulmonary embolism before, you are more likely to develop DVT. […] Being over 60 increases your risk of DVT, even though it can occur at any age. […] Finally, sitting for long periods of time (as in airplane travel or long car trips) can increase your risk for DVT. […] Blood clots may form in your calves if those muscles arent moved for extended periods. […] Pregnancy also increases the risk of DVT. According to the CDC, pregnant women are 5 times more likely to get a blood clot than women who are not pregnant. […] The risk remains during pregnancy, through childbirth, and up to three months after delivery. […] Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT for a number of reasons, and especially because a womans blood clots more easily during pregnancy to prevent excess blood loss during labor and for a period of time after delivery.

• #41 Deep vein thrombosis: Definition, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704

  Some cancers have links to a higher risk of DVT, including late stage colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers. […] People with irritable bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of DVT. […] Any condition that affects how well the heart moves blood around the body can cause problems with clots and bleeds. […] Females who take hormone-based birth control or are on a course of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have a higher risk of DVT than those who do not take these medications. […] People with obesity experience more pressure on their blood vessels, especially those in the pelvis and legs. […] People who smoke tobacco regularly are more likely to develop DVT than people who have never smoked or have stopped. […] Varicose veins are enlarged and misshapen veins. […] Even though DVT may develop at any age, the risk increases as a person’s age advances. […] A person’s sex can affect their DVT risk.

• #42 Surprising Causes of DVT

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/ss/slideshow-dvt-surprising-causes

  Research suggests that athletes, especially those who do endurance events like marathons, could get clots more often. […] Major surgery involving your abdomen, pelvis, hips, or legs raises the risk for DVT since large veins will be injured during your operation. […] When you have IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or another bowel disease, you may have double or even triple the normal risk for blood clots. […] Researchers in one small study found that the vitamin D levels of 82 people who had DVT with no known cause were less than the 85 people who had never had DVT. […] Birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have estrogen, an essential female hormone that can make blood clot more easily. […] Tumors can cause tissue damage and release chemicals that trigger clotting.

• #43 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16911-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also called venous thrombosis) occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) develops in veins deep in your body because your veins are injured or the blood flowing through them is too sluggish. […] These conditions can increase your risk of a deep vein thrombosis: Having an inherited (genetic) condition increases your risk of blood clots. […] Having a history of deep vein thrombosis in yourself or your family. […] Not moving for long periods of time, like sitting for a long time on trips in a car, truck, bus, train or airplane or being immobile after surgery or a serious injury. […] Being older than 40 (although a DVT can affect people of any age). […] Having overweight/obesity. […] Having an autoimmune disease, like lupus, vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. […] Having COVID-19.

• #44 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #45 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #46 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #47 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #48 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Increased blood viscosity may decrease venous blood flow. This change may be due to an increase in the cellular component of the blood, as seen in polycythemia rubra vera or pathologic thrombocytosis, or simply a decrease in the fluid component from dehydration causing hemoconcentration of blood cells. […] Anatomic variants that result in diminution or absence of the inferior vena cava or iliac veins may contribute to venous stasis. In iliocaval thrombosis, an underlying anatomic contributor is identified in 60-80% of patients. The best-known anomaly is compression of the left common iliac vein at the anatomic crossing of the right common iliac artery. […] Mechanical injury to the endothelial wall appears to provide an added stimulus for venous thrombosis. For example, hip arthroplasty patients with associated femoral vein manipulation represent a high-risk group for developing DVT that cannot be explained simply by immobilization.

• #49 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #50 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/deep-vein-thrombosis-leaflet

  People with cancer or heart failure have an increased risk. […] Older people (over 60 years of age) are more likely to have a DVT, particularly if they have poor mobility or have a serious illness such as cancer. […] Pregnancy increases the risk. […] Obesity and being overweight also increases the risk. […] Lack of fluid in the body (dehydration) can make a DVT more likely to happen.

• #51 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  Obesity, pregnancy, the advanced age of older than 60, surgery, critical care admission, dehydration, and cancer are the established causalities of DVT and VTE. […] Potential risk factors of deep vein thrombosis might be categorized according to the transient, persistent, or unprovoked criteria. […] However, active cancers and specific medical conditions that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism are categorized as persistent risk factors. […] Any further etiological risk factors not categorized among either transient or persistent subgroups should be labeled as unprovoked VTE.

• #52 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Patients with confirmed DVT and an obvious cause (eg, immobilization, surgical procedure, leg trauma) need no further testing. […] Risk of recurrent DVT is lowest for patients with transient risk factors (eg, surgery, trauma, temporary immobility) and greatest for patients with persistent risk factors (eg, cancer), idiopathic DVT, or incomplete resolution of past DVT (residual thrombus).

• #53 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants. […] Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100. […] Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop. […] Obesity: Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely to develop DVT than those who aren’t pregnant. […] Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.

• #54 Deep Vein Thrombosis Causes & Diagnosis | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/deep-vein-thrombosis/causes-and-diagnoses

  Possible risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Age 65 or older […] Certain forms of cancer and treatment […] History of heart attack, stroke, congestive heart failure or previous blood clot […] Immobilization (examples: prolonged travel in airplane, prolonged bed rest, leg paralysis, recent surgery) […] Inflammatory bowel disease […] Inherited blood clotting abnormalities or family history of blood clots […] Obesity […] Pregnancy, taking birth control pills or estrogen replacement therapy […] Smoking […] Trauma […] Varicose veins.

• #55 What Is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/guide/

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a blood clot that forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, typically in your legs. […] Deep vein thrombosis can result from certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots: […] Some types of cancer or cancer treatment may increase levels of certain substances in your blood that cause clots. […] If you have heart failure, you are at an increased risk for DVT and pulmonary embolism due to limited heart and lung function. […] Being overweight or obese increases the pressure in the veins of your legs and pelvis, raising the risk of clots. […] This risk increases during pregnancy women with an inherited clotting disorder are at higher risk and for up to six weeks after giving birth. […] Using birth control pills (oral contraceptives) or hormone replacement therapy can also increase your bloods clotting abilities.

• #56 Surprising Causes of DVT

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/ss/slideshow-dvt-surprising-causes

  Carrying extra weight, especially around your middle, puts more pressure on the veins in your pelvis and legs, which can double your odds of DVT. […] A baby also puts extra pressure on the veins in your pelvis and legs. […] The more premature your birth, the higher your risk throughout your life, it seems. […] Any amount of smoking, even just occasionally, damages your heart and blood vessels.

• #57 Deep vein thrombosis: Definition, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704

  Some cancers have links to a higher risk of DVT, including late stage colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers. […] People with irritable bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of DVT. […] Any condition that affects how well the heart moves blood around the body can cause problems with clots and bleeds. […] Females who take hormone-based birth control or are on a course of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have a higher risk of DVT than those who do not take these medications. […] People with obesity experience more pressure on their blood vessels, especially those in the pelvis and legs. […] People who smoke tobacco regularly are more likely to develop DVT than people who have never smoked or have stopped. […] Varicose veins are enlarged and misshapen veins. […] Even though DVT may develop at any age, the risk increases as a person’s age advances. […] A person’s sex can affect their DVT risk.

• #58 Understanding the Causes and Treatments of DVT

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/understanding-the-causes-and-treatments-of-dvts

  Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone replacement such as estrogen or testosterone can increase DVT risk. […] Caused by heat, physical activity, diarrhea, or fever, lack of water can thicken the blood and increase the risk of a clot. […] Lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase clotting risk. […] Sitting for long periods, or prolonged bed rest, can lead to clots in the calves. […] The substances found in cigarettes cause blood clotting and circulation problems, increasing DVT risk.

• #59 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16911-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also called venous thrombosis) occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) develops in veins deep in your body because your veins are injured or the blood flowing through them is too sluggish. […] These conditions can increase your risk of a deep vein thrombosis: Having an inherited (genetic) condition increases your risk of blood clots. […] Having a history of deep vein thrombosis in yourself or your family. […] Not moving for long periods of time, like sitting for a long time on trips in a car, truck, bus, train or airplane or being immobile after surgery or a serious injury. […] Being older than 40 (although a DVT can affect people of any age). […] Having overweight/obesity. […] Having an autoimmune disease, like lupus, vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. […] Having COVID-19.

• #60 What Is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/guide/

  Smoking adversely affects blood clotting and circulation, which can increase your risk of DVT. […] If you or someone in your family has had DVT or a pulmonary embolism before, you are more likely to develop DVT. […] Being over 60 increases your risk of DVT, even though it can occur at any age. […] Finally, sitting for long periods of time (as in airplane travel or long car trips) can increase your risk for DVT. […] Blood clots may form in your calves if those muscles arent moved for extended periods. […] Pregnancy also increases the risk of DVT. According to the CDC, pregnant women are 5 times more likely to get a blood clot than women who are not pregnant. […] The risk remains during pregnancy, through childbirth, and up to three months after delivery. […] Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT for a number of reasons, and especially because a womans blood clots more easily during pregnancy to prevent excess blood loss during labor and for a period of time after delivery.

• #61 Guide to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Causes | Dr. Almeida – Miami Vein

  https://www.miamivein.com/deep-vein-thrombosis-causes/

  Different forms of cancer and/or cancer treatment methods may put patients at increased risks for developing blood clots by affecting substances in blood. […] Limited heart and lung function increases the risk of DVT and PE and can exacerbate symptoms both. […] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may see a threefold increased risk of thromboembolic events, and patients with Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis may even be at risk for experiencing thromboembolic events at a younger age than usual. […] Though DVT can occur at any age, the risk increases for those with age greater than 60. […] Having a Non-O may pose as an increased risk in developing VDT when combined with other risk factors.

• #62 Deep vein thrombosis risk factors, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-vein-thrombosis-risk-factors

  Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a persons risk of DVT. […] Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include: being over the age of 40 years, obesity, family history of DVT, smoking, deficiency in folate or vitamin B12. […] A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT. […] The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include: protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin deficiency, factor XII deficiency. […] Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.

• #63 Understanding the Causes and Treatments of DVT

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/understanding-the-causes-and-treatments-of-dvts

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein deep to the muscle, causing circulation to be partially or completely blocked. […] There are many possible causes for blood clots, says Dr. Kelsey. These include: […] Inherited genetic defects that cause problems with bleeding and clotting, especially when combined with an additional provoking trigger (such as having surgery or starting birth control pills) can cause a DVT. […] According to Dr. Kelsey, if some prevention isn’t used, hip surgery carries up to a 60 percent risk of a blood clot, knee surgery about 40 percent risk, and abdominal surgery about 15-20 percent chance. […] The risk of clots increases with age, although clots can occur at any age. […] Some forms of cancer can first appear as a blood clot, such as pancreatic or ovarian cancer, explains Dr. Kelsey.

• #64 Deep Vein Thrombosis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/

  Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of the body. This can happen if a vein becomes damaged or if the blood flow within a vein slows down or stops. While there are a number of risk factors for developing a DVT, two of the most common are an injury to your lower body and surgery that involves your hips or legs. […] Several factors can affect blood flow in the deep veins and increase the risk for developing blood clots. These include: Increasing age, Personal or family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism, Having cancer, Having a vein disease, such as varicose veins, Smoking, Using birth control pills or hormone therapy, Pregnancy, Being overweight or obese, Inheriting a blood-clotting disorder. […] A broken hip or leg, or having major surgery on your hip, knee or lower leg can affect normal blood flow and clotting. In these orthopaedic situations, three primary factors contribute to the formation of blood clots in veins: slow blood flow, hypercoagulation, and damage to the veins.

• #65 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Numerous factors, often in combination, contribute to DVT. These may be categorized as acquired (eg, medication, illness) or congenital (eg, anatomic variant, enzyme deficiency, mutation). A useful categorization may be an acute provoking condition versus a chronic condition, as this distinction affects the length of anticoagulant therapy. […] Frequent causes of DVT are due to an increase of venous stasis due to immobilization or central venous obstruction. Immobility can be as transient as that occurring during a transcontinental airplane flight or an operation under general anesthesia. In addition, postoperative hospitalization, such as from pelvic, hip, or spinal surgery, or in patients with stroke or paraplegia, can all contribute to immobilization as well. Other risk factors include obesity, medications (eg, oral contraceptives), pregnancy, advanced age, trauma, malignancy, and genetic conditions (eg, antiphospholipid syndrome, factor V Leiden, protein C and S deficiency).

• #66 Deep vein thrombosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/deep-vein-thrombosis

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is where a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the leg (veins below the skins surface that are not visible through the skin). […] Anything that slows the flow of blood through the deep veins in the legs can cause DVT. This includes an injury, surgery or long periods of sitting or lying. […] DVT is more likely to happen if you: have coronary heart disease, are over 40, have obesity, smoke tobacco, have had DVT before or have a family history of blood clots or stroke at a young age, take the contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy, have cancer or heart failure, have varicose veins, have a blood clotting disorder. […] There are also some temporary situations that can increase the risk of DVT. These include if you: have had major surgery, have had an injury (fractures, spinal cord injuries, muscle injuries), are confined to bed or have limited movement, go on a long journey (more than four hours) by plane, car or train, are pregnant or if you’ve had a baby in the previous six weeks, are dehydrated, have an infection.

• #67 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants. […] Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100. […] Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop. […] Obesity: Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely to develop DVT than those who aren’t pregnant. […] Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.

• #68 Deep Vein Thrombosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors | Fairfax Radiology Centers, LLC

  https://www.fairfaxradiology.com/news/deep-vein-thrombosis-symptoms-causes-and-risk-factors

  There are many risk factors that can lead to deep vein thrombosis. […] Family history: There are genetic disorders that can be inherited but environmental factors (lifestyle, diet, etc) may contribute; if close relatives have had a DVT, your chances increase. […] Previous clot: Roughly 30% of those who have had a DVT will have it again. […] Age: Odds increase with age, especially after 40. […] Trauma: Events that may damage vessels, like surgery or bone fractures, can increase the risk of DVT. […] Stasis: Long periods of not moving, such as for bed rest, travel, or work, may cause blood to pool. […] Smoking: Nicotine affects blood circulation and clotting which could increase risk. […] Birth control, pregnancy, recent childbirth, hormone therapy: Higher estrogen levels can cause blood to be more prone to clotting. […] Obesity: There is more pressure on the veins and pelvis possibly leading to circulation issues. […] Other health complications: Some health conditions may make one more prone to deep vein thromboses, such as heart disease or cancer.

• #69 Understanding the Causes and Treatments of DVT

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/understanding-the-causes-and-treatments-of-dvts

  Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone replacement such as estrogen or testosterone can increase DVT risk. […] Caused by heat, physical activity, diarrhea, or fever, lack of water can thicken the blood and increase the risk of a clot. […] Lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase clotting risk. […] Sitting for long periods, or prolonged bed rest, can lead to clots in the calves. […] The substances found in cigarettes cause blood clotting and circulation problems, increasing DVT risk.

• #70 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #71 Deep vein thrombosis: Definition, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704

  Some cancers have links to a higher risk of DVT, including late stage colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers. […] People with irritable bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of DVT. […] Any condition that affects how well the heart moves blood around the body can cause problems with clots and bleeds. […] Females who take hormone-based birth control or are on a course of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have a higher risk of DVT than those who do not take these medications. […] People with obesity experience more pressure on their blood vessels, especially those in the pelvis and legs. […] People who smoke tobacco regularly are more likely to develop DVT than people who have never smoked or have stopped. […] Varicose veins are enlarged and misshapen veins. […] Even though DVT may develop at any age, the risk increases as a person’s age advances. […] A person’s sex can affect their DVT risk.

• #72 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  The presence of risk factors plays a prominent role in assessing the pretest probability of DVT. Furthermore, transient risk factors permit successful short-term anticoagulation, whereas idiopathic DVT or chronic or persistent risk factors warrant long-term therapy. […] Genetic mutations within the coagulation cascade represent those at highest risk for the development of venous thrombosis. Genetic thrombophilia is identified in 30% of patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis. […] Other diseases and states can induce hypercoagulability in patients without other underlying risks for DVT. They can predispose patients to DVT, though their ability to cause DVT without intrinsic hypercoagulability is in question. […] Risk factors include: Age, Immobilization longer than 3 days, Pregnancy and the postpartum period, Major surgery in previous 4 weeks, Long plane or car trips (4 hours) in previous 4 weeks, Cancer, Previous DVT, Stroke, Acute myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Sepsis, Nephrotic syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Multiple trauma, Central nervous system/spinal cord injury, Burns, Lower extremity fractures, Systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupus anticoagulant, Behet syndrome, Homocystinuria, Polycythemia rubra vera, Thrombocytosis, Inherited disorders of coagulation/fibrinolysis, Antithrombin III deficiency, Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, Prothrombin 20210A mutation, Factor V Leiden, Dysfibrinogenemia and disorders of plasminogen activation, IV drug abuse, Oral contraceptives, Estrogens, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), COVID-19.

• #73 Guide to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Causes | Dr. Almeida – Miami Vein

  https://www.miamivein.com/deep-vein-thrombosis-causes/

  Different forms of cancer and/or cancer treatment methods may put patients at increased risks for developing blood clots by affecting substances in blood. […] Limited heart and lung function increases the risk of DVT and PE and can exacerbate symptoms both. […] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may see a threefold increased risk of thromboembolic events, and patients with Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis may even be at risk for experiencing thromboembolic events at a younger age than usual. […] Though DVT can occur at any age, the risk increases for those with age greater than 60. […] Having a Non-O may pose as an increased risk in developing VDT when combined with other risk factors.

• #74 Guide to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Causes | Dr. Almeida – Miami Vein

  https://www.miamivein.com/deep-vein-thrombosis-causes/

  Different forms of cancer and/or cancer treatment methods may put patients at increased risks for developing blood clots by affecting substances in blood. […] Limited heart and lung function increases the risk of DVT and PE and can exacerbate symptoms both. […] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may see a threefold increased risk of thromboembolic events, and patients with Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis may even be at risk for experiencing thromboembolic events at a younger age than usual. […] Though DVT can occur at any age, the risk increases for those with age greater than 60. […] Having a Non-O may pose as an increased risk in developing VDT when combined with other risk factors.

• #75 Surprising Causes of DVT

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/ss/slideshow-dvt-surprising-causes

  Research suggests that athletes, especially those who do endurance events like marathons, could get clots more often. […] Major surgery involving your abdomen, pelvis, hips, or legs raises the risk for DVT since large veins will be injured during your operation. […] When you have IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or another bowel disease, you may have double or even triple the normal risk for blood clots. […] Researchers in one small study found that the vitamin D levels of 82 people who had DVT with no known cause were less than the 85 people who had never had DVT. […] Birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have estrogen, an essential female hormone that can make blood clot more easily. […] Tumors can cause tissue damage and release chemicals that trigger clotting.

• #76 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16911-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also called venous thrombosis) occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) develops in veins deep in your body because your veins are injured or the blood flowing through them is too sluggish. […] These conditions can increase your risk of a deep vein thrombosis: Having an inherited (genetic) condition increases your risk of blood clots. […] Having a history of deep vein thrombosis in yourself or your family. […] Not moving for long periods of time, like sitting for a long time on trips in a car, truck, bus, train or airplane or being immobile after surgery or a serious injury. […] Being older than 40 (although a DVT can affect people of any age). […] Having overweight/obesity. […] Having an autoimmune disease, like lupus, vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. […] Having COVID-19.

• #77 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #78 Deep vein thrombosis: Definition, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704

  Some cancers have links to a higher risk of DVT, including late stage colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers. […] People with irritable bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of DVT. […] Any condition that affects how well the heart moves blood around the body can cause problems with clots and bleeds. […] Females who take hormone-based birth control or are on a course of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have a higher risk of DVT than those who do not take these medications. […] People with obesity experience more pressure on their blood vessels, especially those in the pelvis and legs. […] People who smoke tobacco regularly are more likely to develop DVT than people who have never smoked or have stopped. […] Varicose veins are enlarged and misshapen veins. […] Even though DVT may develop at any age, the risk increases as a person’s age advances. […] A person’s sex can affect their DVT risk.

• #79 Deep Vein Thrombosis: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment For DVT

  https://www.usaveinclinics.com/vein-disease/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/

  Varicose veins: Individuals with enlarged, visible leg veins are at increased risk for developing deep vein thrombosis. […] Cancer: Some types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, bowel, and lung, along with chemotherapy treatment, can make you more likely to develop DVT. […] Obesity: A high body mass index (BMI) can strain your veins, impacting blood flow and increasing the risk for deep vein thrombosis. […] Pregnancy: Women who are pregnant or have recently given birth are at increased risk for DVT due to the expanding uterus placing pressure on surrounding veins, increased blood flow, and damaged vessels after childbirth. […] Aging: Although anyone can develop DVT, your risk increases beyond the age of 40. […] Increased estrogen: High levels of estrogen caused by birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy can increase your risk of a clot.

• #80 About Venous Thromboembolism (Blood Clots) | Venous Thromboembolism (Blood Clots) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/about/index.html

  DVT occurs when a blood clot develops in the deep veins, most commonly in the legs. […] Factors that increase the risk of developing DVT/PE include those associated with an injury to a vein. […] Slow blood flow caused by limited movement. […] Certain chronic medical illnesses, older age, family history, and other health factors. […] Increased levels of estrogen, a hormone that plays a key role in a female’s reproductive health. […] The most serious complication of DVT happens when a part of the clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a blockage called PE. […] For some people, DVT and PE can become a chronic illness; about 30% of people who have had a DVT or PE are at risk for another episode. […] Medication is used to treat DVT. […] In severe cases, the clot might need to be removed surgically. […] Immediate medical attention is necessary to treat PE. […] In cases of severe, life-threatening PE, there are medicines called thrombolytics that can dissolve the clot. […] Other medicines, called anticoagulants, may be prescribed to prevent more clots from forming.

• #81 Deep Vein Thrombosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors | Fairfax Radiology Centers, LLC

  https://www.fairfaxradiology.com/news/deep-vein-thrombosis-symptoms-causes-and-risk-factors

  There are many risk factors that can lead to deep vein thrombosis. […] Family history: There are genetic disorders that can be inherited but environmental factors (lifestyle, diet, etc) may contribute; if close relatives have had a DVT, your chances increase. […] Previous clot: Roughly 30% of those who have had a DVT will have it again. […] Age: Odds increase with age, especially after 40. […] Trauma: Events that may damage vessels, like surgery or bone fractures, can increase the risk of DVT. […] Stasis: Long periods of not moving, such as for bed rest, travel, or work, may cause blood to pool. […] Smoking: Nicotine affects blood circulation and clotting which could increase risk. […] Birth control, pregnancy, recent childbirth, hormone therapy: Higher estrogen levels can cause blood to be more prone to clotting. […] Obesity: There is more pressure on the veins and pelvis possibly leading to circulation issues. […] Other health complications: Some health conditions may make one more prone to deep vein thromboses, such as heart disease or cancer.

• #82 DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/

  DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a blood clot in a vein, usually in the leg. […] A DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is more likely to happen if you: […] Sometimes DVT can happen for no obvious reason.

• #83 Symptoms and Causes of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

  https://thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/symptoms-causes/

  Another cause for a change in the blood flow would be a change in the diameter or length of a vessel – such as found in varicose veins. […] The commonest cause of blood composition changes is dehydration. […] Females taking oestrogen either in the form of the oral contraceptive pill or as HRT, are also changing the blood composition in a way that makes thrombosis more likely. […] Over the last few years, it has become increasingly well understood that deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be the first sign of an underlying cancer, particularly in people over 40 years old. […] The reason for this is not fully understood but it is likely that certain cancers, particularly of the bowel, breast, lung or pancreas secrete certain substances into the blood that increase the risk of DVT. […] As such, anyone who is found to have a DVT for no good reason (a so-called ‘unprovoked’ DVT) should undergo full physical examination and tests to look for these common cancers.

• #84 Understanding the Causes and Treatments of DVT

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/understanding-the-causes-and-treatments-of-dvts

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein deep to the muscle, causing circulation to be partially or completely blocked. […] There are many possible causes for blood clots, says Dr. Kelsey. These include: […] Inherited genetic defects that cause problems with bleeding and clotting, especially when combined with an additional provoking trigger (such as having surgery or starting birth control pills) can cause a DVT. […] According to Dr. Kelsey, if some prevention isn’t used, hip surgery carries up to a 60 percent risk of a blood clot, knee surgery about 40 percent risk, and abdominal surgery about 15-20 percent chance. […] The risk of clots increases with age, although clots can occur at any age. […] Some forms of cancer can first appear as a blood clot, such as pancreatic or ovarian cancer, explains Dr. Kelsey.

• #85 Deep Vein Thrombosis – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/

  Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of the body. This can happen if a vein becomes damaged or if the blood flow within a vein slows down or stops. While there are a number of risk factors for developing a DVT, two of the most common are an injury to your lower body and surgery that involves your hips or legs. […] Several factors can affect blood flow in the deep veins and increase the risk for developing blood clots. These include: Increasing age, Personal or family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism, Having cancer, Having a vein disease, such as varicose veins, Smoking, Using birth control pills or hormone therapy, Pregnancy, Being overweight or obese, Inheriting a blood-clotting disorder. […] A broken hip or leg, or having major surgery on your hip, knee or lower leg can affect normal blood flow and clotting. In these orthopaedic situations, three primary factors contribute to the formation of blood clots in veins: slow blood flow, hypercoagulation, and damage to the veins.

• #86 Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-air-sea/deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism.html

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot develops in the deep veins, usually in the lower extremities. […] Virchow’s classic triad for thrombus formation is venous stasis, vessel wall damage, and a hypercoagulable state. […] Prolonged, cramped sitting during long-distance travel interferes with venous flow in the legs, creating venous stasis. […] Coagulation activation can result from an interaction between air cabin conditions (e.g., hypobaric hypoxia) and individual risk factors for VTE. […] Studies indicate that long-distance air travel might increase a person’s overall risk for VTE by 2- to 4-fold, but the data are inconsistent. […] The combination of air travel with preexisting individual risk factors might synergistically increase risk. […] Most travel-associated VTE occurs in travelers with preexisting risk factors for VTE. […] For air travelers, height appears to be an additional risk factor; people 1.6 m (5 ft, 3 in) and those 1.9 m (6 ft, 3 in) tall were at increased risk. […] Immobility while flying is a risk for VTE. […] Indirect evidence suggests that maintaining mobility could prevent VTE.

• #87 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #88 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/deep-venous-thrombosis

  Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants. […] Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100. […] Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop. […] Obesity: Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely to develop DVT than those who aren’t pregnant. […] Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.

• #89 What Is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention | Everyday Health

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/deep-vein-thrombosis/guide/

  Smoking adversely affects blood clotting and circulation, which can increase your risk of DVT. […] If you or someone in your family has had DVT or a pulmonary embolism before, you are more likely to develop DVT. […] Being over 60 increases your risk of DVT, even though it can occur at any age. […] Finally, sitting for long periods of time (as in airplane travel or long car trips) can increase your risk for DVT. […] Blood clots may form in your calves if those muscles arent moved for extended periods. […] Pregnancy also increases the risk of DVT. According to the CDC, pregnant women are 5 times more likely to get a blood clot than women who are not pregnant. […] The risk remains during pregnancy, through childbirth, and up to three months after delivery. […] Pregnancy increases the risk of DVT for a number of reasons, and especially because a womans blood clots more easily during pregnancy to prevent excess blood loss during labor and for a period of time after delivery.

• #90 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #91 Surprising Causes of DVT

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/ss/slideshow-dvt-surprising-causes

  Research suggests that athletes, especially those who do endurance events like marathons, could get clots more often. […] Major surgery involving your abdomen, pelvis, hips, or legs raises the risk for DVT since large veins will be injured during your operation. […] When you have IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or another bowel disease, you may have double or even triple the normal risk for blood clots. […] Researchers in one small study found that the vitamin D levels of 82 people who had DVT with no known cause were less than the 85 people who had never had DVT. […] Birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have estrogen, an essential female hormone that can make blood clot more easily. […] Tumors can cause tissue damage and release chemicals that trigger clotting.

• #92 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  The presence of risk factors plays a prominent role in assessing the pretest probability of DVT. Furthermore, transient risk factors permit successful short-term anticoagulation, whereas idiopathic DVT or chronic or persistent risk factors warrant long-term therapy. […] Genetic mutations within the coagulation cascade represent those at highest risk for the development of venous thrombosis. Genetic thrombophilia is identified in 30% of patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis. […] Other diseases and states can induce hypercoagulability in patients without other underlying risks for DVT. They can predispose patients to DVT, though their ability to cause DVT without intrinsic hypercoagulability is in question. […] Risk factors include: Age, Immobilization longer than 3 days, Pregnancy and the postpartum period, Major surgery in previous 4 weeks, Long plane or car trips (4 hours) in previous 4 weeks, Cancer, Previous DVT, Stroke, Acute myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Sepsis, Nephrotic syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Multiple trauma, Central nervous system/spinal cord injury, Burns, Lower extremity fractures, Systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupus anticoagulant, Behet syndrome, Homocystinuria, Polycythemia rubra vera, Thrombocytosis, Inherited disorders of coagulation/fibrinolysis, Antithrombin III deficiency, Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, Prothrombin 20210A mutation, Factor V Leiden, Dysfibrinogenemia and disorders of plasminogen activation, IV drug abuse, Oral contraceptives, Estrogens, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), COVID-19.

• #93 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #94 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/vascular-surgery/disease/deep-vein-thrombosis-types-causes-symptoms-recovery

  The following are some of the risk factors for DVT: Prolonged immobility, Surgery, Trauma or injury, Advanced age, Obesity, Pregnancy and the postpartum period, Hormonal factors, Family history, Cancer, Chronic medical conditions, Previous history of DVT or pulmonary embolism, Inherited clotting disorders, Use of central venous catheters, Smoking. […] Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can have various pathological causes. The development of a blood clot in the deep veins is typically a result of an imbalance in the coagulation system, blood flow abnormalities, or damage to the blood vessel wall. […] Venous stasis refers to reduced or stagnant blood flow within the deep veins, which increases the risk of clot formation. […] Hypercoagulability means an increased tendency for your blood to clot. […] Injury or damage to the blood vessel wall can trigger the blood clot formation.

• #95 Venous Thromboembolism – Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/deep-vein-thrombosis

  DVT may occur if the flow of blood slows down in your bodys deep veins, if something damages the blood vessel lining, or if the makeup of the blood itself changes so that blood clots form more easily. […] Many factors can raise the likelihood of blood clotting in the deep veins of the legs. […] DVT can occur at any age, but the chances rise as you get older. […] Some genes you inherit may raise your likelihood of developing blood clots. […] DVT can develop during a long flight or when a person is on bed rest in a nursing home, hospital setting, or after surgery. […] A blood clotting disorder, immune illnesses such as lupus, heart problems, cancer, or serious illness such as getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can raise the likelihood of DVT. […] Women in their childbearing years are more likely than men to develop blood clots. The chance is higher for pregnant women and women who take birth control pills or get hormone therapy. After menopause, womens risk is lower than mens.

• #96 Symptoms and Causes of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

  https://thewhiteleyclinic.co.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/symptoms-causes/

  The possible symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis can include: […] DVT usually affects one leg, however it can affect both. […] Sometimes (estimated to be 50% of patients) there are no symptoms and a DVT is only diagnosed if a complication occurs. […] A famous pathologist called Virchow pointed out in the 1920’s that there are 3 main causes for blood to clot when it is still in a blood vessel. These three factors are called – Virchow’s Triad. […] Things that damage the endothelial cell include smoking or low oxygen concentrations. […] The vessel wall can also change by having scars on it – such as having previous deep vein thrombosis – or bulges and narrowings of the vein walls as in varicose veins. […] By reducing the activity of the leg, the muscle pump is infused and so the blood flow becomes very sluggish in the deep veins.

• #97 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Increased blood viscosity may decrease venous blood flow. This change may be due to an increase in the cellular component of the blood, as seen in polycythemia rubra vera or pathologic thrombocytosis, or simply a decrease in the fluid component from dehydration causing hemoconcentration of blood cells. […] Anatomic variants that result in diminution or absence of the inferior vena cava or iliac veins may contribute to venous stasis. In iliocaval thrombosis, an underlying anatomic contributor is identified in 60-80% of patients. The best-known anomaly is compression of the left common iliac vein at the anatomic crossing of the right common iliac artery. […] Mechanical injury to the endothelial wall appears to provide an added stimulus for venous thrombosis. For example, hip arthroplasty patients with associated femoral vein manipulation represent a high-risk group for developing DVT that cannot be explained simply by immobilization.

• #98 Deep vein thrombosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

  Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, mildly increases VTE risk by about three times. […] Deficiencies of three proteins that normally prevent blood from clotting—protein C, protein S, and antithrombin—contribute to VTE. […] Conditions that involve compromised blood flow in the veins are May-Thurner syndrome, where a vein of the pelvis is compressed, and venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which includes Paget-Schroetter syndrome, where compression occurs near the base of the neck. […] Infections, including sepsis, COVID-19, HIV, and active tuberculosis, increase risk. […] Chronic inflammatory diseases and some autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s syndrome, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase risk. […] Cancer can grow in and around veins, causing venous stasis, and can also stimulate increased levels of tissue factor. […] Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk.

• #99 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  Obesity, pregnancy, the advanced age of older than 60, surgery, critical care admission, dehydration, and cancer are the established causalities of DVT and VTE. […] Potential risk factors of deep vein thrombosis might be categorized according to the transient, persistent, or unprovoked criteria. […] However, active cancers and specific medical conditions that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism are categorized as persistent risk factors. […] Any further etiological risk factors not categorized among either transient or persistent subgroups should be labeled as unprovoked VTE.

• #100 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  The presence of risk factors plays a prominent role in assessing the pretest probability of DVT. Furthermore, transient risk factors permit successful short-term anticoagulation, whereas idiopathic DVT or chronic or persistent risk factors warrant long-term therapy. […] Genetic mutations within the coagulation cascade represent those at highest risk for the development of venous thrombosis. Genetic thrombophilia is identified in 30% of patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis. […] Other diseases and states can induce hypercoagulability in patients without other underlying risks for DVT. They can predispose patients to DVT, though their ability to cause DVT without intrinsic hypercoagulability is in question. […] Risk factors include: Age, Immobilization longer than 3 days, Pregnancy and the postpartum period, Major surgery in previous 4 weeks, Long plane or car trips (4 hours) in previous 4 weeks, Cancer, Previous DVT, Stroke, Acute myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Sepsis, Nephrotic syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Multiple trauma, Central nervous system/spinal cord injury, Burns, Lower extremity fractures, Systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupus anticoagulant, Behet syndrome, Homocystinuria, Polycythemia rubra vera, Thrombocytosis, Inherited disorders of coagulation/fibrinolysis, Antithrombin III deficiency, Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, Prothrombin 20210A mutation, Factor V Leiden, Dysfibrinogenemia and disorders of plasminogen activation, IV drug abuse, Oral contraceptives, Estrogens, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), COVID-19.

• #101 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/vascular-surgery/disease/deep-vein-thrombosis-types-causes-symptoms-recovery

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition characterized by a blood clot or thrombus formation in a deep vein, typically in the leg. […] DVT develops when the blood clot obstructs or partially blocks the blood flow in the affected vein. […] Certain risk factors, such as recent surgery, hospitalization, and cancer, can significantly increase the chances of DVT. […] Provoked DVT occurs when a provoking factor triggers blood clot formation. These factors increase the risk of clot formation in the veins. Common causes or triggers of provoked DVT include surgery, trauma, immobilization, and hormonal factors. […] Unprovoked DVT occurs when a blood clot develops without an identifiable provoking factor or event. The exact cause of unprovoked DVT is often unknown, but some studies relate it to the combined effect of genetic, environmental, and individual risk factors.

• #102 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Patients with confirmed DVT and an obvious cause (eg, immobilization, surgical procedure, leg trauma) need no further testing. […] Risk of recurrent DVT is lowest for patients with transient risk factors (eg, surgery, trauma, temporary immobility) and greatest for patients with persistent risk factors (eg, cancer), idiopathic DVT, or incomplete resolution of past DVT (residual thrombus).

• #103 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/vascular-surgery/disease/deep-vein-thrombosis-types-causes-symptoms-recovery

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition characterized by a blood clot or thrombus formation in a deep vein, typically in the leg. […] DVT develops when the blood clot obstructs or partially blocks the blood flow in the affected vein. […] Certain risk factors, such as recent surgery, hospitalization, and cancer, can significantly increase the chances of DVT. […] Provoked DVT occurs when a provoking factor triggers blood clot formation. These factors increase the risk of clot formation in the veins. Common causes or triggers of provoked DVT include surgery, trauma, immobilization, and hormonal factors. […] Unprovoked DVT occurs when a blood clot develops without an identifiable provoking factor or event. The exact cause of unprovoked DVT is often unknown, but some studies relate it to the combined effect of genetic, environmental, and individual risk factors.

• #104 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Patients with confirmed DVT and an obvious cause (eg, immobilization, surgical procedure, leg trauma) need no further testing. […] Risk of recurrent DVT is lowest for patients with transient risk factors (eg, surgery, trauma, temporary immobility) and greatest for patients with persistent risk factors (eg, cancer), idiopathic DVT, or incomplete resolution of past DVT (residual thrombus).

• #105 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins. […] Following are the risk factors that are considered causes of deep venous thrombosis: […] Reduced blood flow: Immobility (bed rest, general anesthesia, operations, stroke, long flights) […] Increased venous pressure: Mechanical compression or functional impairment leading to reduced flow in the veins (neoplasm, pregnancy, stenosis, or congenital anomaly which increases outflow resistance) […] Mechanical injury to the vein: Trauma, surgery, peripherally inserted venous catheters, previous DVT, intravenous drug abuse […] Increased blood viscosity: Polycythaemia rubra vera, thrombocytosis, dehydration […] Anatomic variations in venous anatomy can contribute to thrombosis.

• #106 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #107 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. […] Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. The association is strongest for lung, ovarian, gastric, brain or pancreatic cancers where 10 to 15% of patients can develop VTE. […] Lower extremity DVT most often results from impaired venous return (eg, in immobilized patients), endothelial injury or dysfunction (eg, after leg fractures), and hypercoagulability. […] Upper extremity DVT most often results from endothelial injury due to central venous catheters, pacemakers, or injection drug use. […] Common complications of DVT include chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic syndrome, and pulmonary embolism.

• #108 Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical management – Stone – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/16872/html

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. […] Virchows Triad distills the multitude of risk factors for DVT into three basic elements favoring thrombus formation: venous stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulability. […] The clinical conditions most closely associated with DVT are fundamentally related to the elements of Virchows Triad; these include surgery or trauma, malignancy, prolonged immobility, pregnancy, congestive heart failure, varicose veins, obesity, advancing age, and a history of DVT. […] Other risk factors for clot formation include cancer, oral contraceptives, obesity, and advancing age. Malignancy can exert a compressive effect on veins contributing to stasis. […] Taken together, thrombosis formation is a dynamic, multicausal process that hinges on a fine balance of physical and biochemical factors.

• #109 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

  Numerous factors, often in combination, contribute to DVT. These may be categorized as acquired (eg, medication, illness) or congenital (eg, anatomic variant, enzyme deficiency, mutation). A useful categorization may be an acute provoking condition versus a chronic condition, as this distinction affects the length of anticoagulant therapy. […] Frequent causes of DVT are due to an increase of venous stasis due to immobilization or central venous obstruction. Immobility can be as transient as that occurring during a transcontinental airplane flight or an operation under general anesthesia. In addition, postoperative hospitalization, such as from pelvic, hip, or spinal surgery, or in patients with stroke or paraplegia, can all contribute to immobilization as well. Other risk factors include obesity, medications (eg, oral contraceptives), pregnancy, advanced age, trauma, malignancy, and genetic conditions (eg, antiphospholipid syndrome, factor V Leiden, protein C and S deficiency).

• #110 Deep Vein Thrombosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507708/

  Obesity, pregnancy, the advanced age of older than 60, surgery, critical care admission, dehydration, and cancer are the established causalities of DVT and VTE. […] Potential risk factors of deep vein thrombosis might be categorized according to the transient, persistent, or unprovoked criteria. […] However, active cancers and specific medical conditions that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism are categorized as persistent risk factors. […] Any further etiological risk factors not categorized among either transient or persistent subgroups should be labeled as unprovoked VTE.

• #111 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Patients with confirmed DVT and an obvious cause (eg, immobilization, surgical procedure, leg trauma) need no further testing. […] Risk of recurrent DVT is lowest for patients with transient risk factors (eg, surgery, trauma, temporary immobility) and greatest for patients with persistent risk factors (eg, cancer), idiopathic DVT, or incomplete resolution of past DVT (residual thrombus).

• #112 Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-venous-disorders/deep-venous-thrombosis-dvt

  Patients with confirmed DVT and an obvious cause (eg, immobilization, surgical procedure, leg trauma) need no further testing. […] Risk of recurrent DVT is lowest for patients with transient risk factors (eg, surgery, trauma, temporary immobility) and greatest for patients with persistent risk factors (eg, cancer), idiopathic DVT, or incomplete resolution of past DVT (residual thrombus).

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