Materiały źródłowe

• #1 HIV Treatment: The Basics | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics

  The treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves taking a combination of HIV medicines daily, monthly, or every other month. […] While ART cannot cure HIV, prompt HIV treatment can help all people with HIV live long, healthy lives and reduce the risk of HIV transmission. […] One of the primary goals of HIV treatment is to reduce a persons viral load to an undetectable level, which nearly eliminates the risk of transmitting HIV through sexual contact. […] ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. ART cannot cure HIV, but these HIV medicines help people with HIV live long, healthy lives. ART also reduces the risk of HIV transmission. […] By reducing the amount of HIV in the body, HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. One of the main goals of HIV treatment is to reduce a persons viral load to an undetectable level. People with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of transmitting HIV through sex, and a significantly lower risk of transmission through other means (such as shared needles).

• #2 Treating HIV | HIV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/treatment/index.html

  There is no cure for HIV, but HIV treatment can reduce the amount of HIV in your body. […] Most people can get HIV under control within six months. […] HIV treatment prevents transmission to others and helps you stay healthy. […] HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy or ART) involves taking medicine prescribed by a health care provider. […] When taken as prescribed, HIV medicine can make the amount of virus in your body (viral load) so low that a test can’t detect it (undetectable viral load). […] If you have an undetectable viral load, you will not transmit HIV through sex. […] All people with HIV should take HIV treatment, no matter how long they’ve had HIV or how healthy they are. […] If you delay treatment, HIV will continue to harm your immune system and increase your chances of transmitting HIV to others, getting sick, and developing AIDS.

• #3 HIV Treatment as Prevention

  https://www.hiv.gov/tasp

  HIV Treatment as Prevention. A highly effective strategy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. […] Treatment as Prevention (TasP) refers to taking HIV medicine to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. It is one of the most highly effective options for preventing HIV transmission. […] People with HIV who take HIV medicine (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) as prescribed and get and keep an undetectable viral load a very low level of HIV in the blood can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex. […] TasP works when a person with HIV takes HIV medicine exactly as prescribed and has regular follow-up care, including routine viral load tests to ensure their viral load stays undetectable. […] HIV treatment involves taking highly effective medicine that reduces the amount of HIV in your body. HIV medicine is recommended for everyone with HIV, and people with HIV should start HIV medicine as soon as possible after diagnosis, even on that same day.

• #4 HIV Treatment: The Basics | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics

  People with HIV should start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis. It is especially important for people with AIDS-defining conditions or within 6 months of HIV infection (called early HIV infection) to start HIV medicines right away. […] Taking HIV medicines keeps people with HIV healthy and prevents HIV transmission. Taking HIV medicines exactly as prescribed (called medication adherence) also reduces the risk of drug resistance. […] However, sometimes HIV medicines can cause side effects. Most side effects from HIV medicines are manageable, but a few can be serious. Overall, the benefits of HIV medicines far outweigh the risk of side effects.

• #5 Treatments for HIV/AIDS | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/treatments.html

  The most effective treatment for HIV is antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is a combination of several medicines that aims to control the amount of virus in your body. Antiretroviral medicines slow the rate at which the virus grows. Taking these medicines can reduce the amount of virus in your body and help you stay healthy. […] Medical experts recommend that people begin treatment for HIV as soon as they know that they are infected. Treatment is especially important for pregnant women, people who have other infections (such as tuberculosis or hepatitis), and people who have symptoms of AIDS. […] Research suggests that treatment of early HIV with antiretroviral medicines has long-term benefits, such as a stronger immune system. […] Health care workers who are at risk for HIV because of an accidental stick with a needle or other exposure to body fluids should get medicine to prevent infection.

• #6 Treating HIV | HIV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/treatment/index.html

  There are two types of HIV treatment: pills and shots. […] Pills are recommended for people just starting HIV treatment. […] HIV treatment shots are long-acting injections given once a month or once every other month, depending on your treatment plan. […] If your viral load goes down after starting HIV treatment, that means treatment is working. […] If you have an undetectable viral load, you will not transmit HIV through sex. This is also known as Undetectable = Untransmittable. […] Taking HIV treatment as prescribed helps prevent drug resistance. […] HIV treatment can cause side effects in some people: temporary pain at the injection site, rash, headache or dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. […] Talk to your health care provider if your treatment isn’t working or if you have trouble taking your medicine as prescribed. […] Side effects like nausea or diarrhea can make it hard to continue HIV treatment.

• #7 Management of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS

  When antiretroviral drugs are used improperly, multi-drug resistant strains can become the dominant genotypes very rapidly. […] In contrast, antiretroviral combination therapy defends against resistance by creating multiple obstacles to HIV replication. This keeps the number of viral copies low and reduces the possibility of a superior mutation. […] If a mutation that conveys resistance to one of the drugs arises, the other drugs continue to suppress reproduction of that mutation. […] As a result, the standard of care is to use combinations of antiretroviral drugs. […] The combination of Rekambys and Vocabria injection is intended for maintenance treatment of adults who have undetectable HIV levels in the blood (viral load less than 50 copies/ml) with their current ARV treatment, and when the virus has not developed resistance to certain class of anti-HIV medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INIs).

• #8 Recommended treatments for HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/recommended-treatments-hiv

  The British HIV Association (BHIVA) provides guidelines for people starting or changing HIV treatment. […] The guidelines include recommendations for the drug combinations to choose from when starting HIV treatment or when switching with undetectable viral load. […] Most people take a combination of three antiretroviral medications, although some two-drug combinations are now also possible. […] The recommended first-line HIV treatments for most people all include an integrase inhibitor: either dolutegravir or bictegravir. It is usually taken together with a nucleoside backbone as part of a three-drug combination. […] If the combinations listed above are not suitable for you, or in some other clinical situations, other drugs may be used. […] The guidelines include recommendations if you want to switch to a new treatment and you have a undetectable viral load (below 50). […] If you are changing treatment and are undetectable, any of the medications previously mentioned may be considered. […] Finally, some two-drug combinations are recommended. You do not need to take a nucleoside backbone with these.

• #9 Management of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS

  A separate argument for starting antiretroviral therapy that has gained more prominence is its effect on HIV transmission. ART reduces the amount of virus in the blood and genital secretions. […] There is a consensus among experts that, once initiated, antiretroviral therapy should never be stopped. […] The guidelines use new criteria to consider starting HAART, as described below. However, there remain a range of views on this subject and the decision of whether to commence treatment ultimately rests with the patient and his or her doctor. […] The US DHHS guidelines (published April 8, 2015) state: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all HIV-infected individuals to reduce the risk of disease progression. ART also is recommended for HIV-infected individuals for the prevention of transmission of HIV. […] The newest WHO guidelines (dated September 30, 2015) now agree and state: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be initiated in everyone living with HIV at any CD4 cell count.

• #10 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  General approach—Expert groups recommend starting almost all people with HIV on treatment (called antiretroviral therapy [ART]) regardless of their T cell count (which indicates how healthy the immune system is). This is because: […] • ART reduces the risk of dying as well as the risk of serious AIDS- and non-AIDS-related complications (such as cancer, premature heart disease, a decline in cognitive function, and premature aging). […] • ART can also prevent transmission of HIV to others, such as sex partners. If you are on ART and get pregnant, the medication also prevents transmission of HIV to the fetus. […] Once ART is started, you will need to take it for the rest of your life. Stopping treatment has no clear benefit, and almost all people will develop an increased viral load (the amount of virus in the body) and a decreased T cell count if they stop ART.

• #11 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  In addition, taking HIV drugs inconsistently (eg, missing doses) can sometimes lead to drug resistance, which may eventually limit the number of drugs that work to keep your disease controlled. The likelihood of drug resistance depends upon which medicines you take and how many days or weeks of pills you miss. If you feel that you are not able to take a daily medication, your doctor or nurse can work with you on strategies to take your medication without missing doses. […] The urgency of starting treatment (ie, how important it is to start ART immediately) depends upon several factors, including your T cell count, age, underlying medical conditions, history of an AIDS-defining illness, risk of transmitting HIV to others. Each of these factors is discussed in detail below. […] T cell count—T helper cells, also known as CD4 T cells, are white blood cells that help to organize the immune system. A person with HIV gradually develops lower T cell counts over time as the immune system weakens.

• #12 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids

  Antiretroviral therapy helps keep HIV from progressing to AIDS. It also helps reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others. […] When treatment is effective, the viral load will be undetectable. The person still has HIV, but the virus is not visible in test results. […] However, the virus is still in the body. And if that person stops taking antiretroviral therapy, the viral load will increase again, and the HIV can again start attacking CD4 cells. […] Antiretroviral therapy controls the virus and usually prevents progression to AIDS. Other infections and complications of AIDS can also be treated. That treatment must be tailored to the individual needs of the person. […] To develop AIDS, a person has to have contracted HIV. But having HIV doesnt necessarily mean that someone will develop AIDS.

• #13 HIV treatment | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/topic/treatment

  The effectiveness of HIV treatment is best monitored by measuring the amount of HIV in a persons blood. If the virus cannot be detected they are said to have viral-load suppressionindicating that their HIV infection is unlikely to progress and they are at no risk of transmitting the virus to their partner. Viral-load testing is recommended six months after starting antiretroviral therapy and annually thereafter to ensure that treatment is being taken and that drug-resistance has not developed. […] HIV treatment works best when taken as prescribed. Missing doses and stopping and re-starting treatment can lead to drug resistance, which can allow HIV to multiply and progress to disease. People living with HIV on treatment need to be provided with the support that they need to overcome the challenges to taking treatment regularly and robust systems to monitor drug resistance must be in place.

• #14 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  The following are goals of antiretroviral treatment for HIV: […] • Suppress HIV multiplication. The goal is to have no detectable virus in the blood for as long as possible. At this level, the virus is essentially „shut down.” […] • Improve quality of life. […] • Restore immune function (as indicated by T cell count). The goal is to have the T cell count increase by 100 to 200 cells/microL during the first few years of treatment and then remain high. […] • Prevent HIV transmission to others. […] • Provide a treatment regimen that suppresses HIV but is also „patient friendly” in terms of tolerance and patient preference (eg, pill numbers, pill size, and frequency of administration). […] Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens typically consist of two NRTIs plus a third agent (either an INSTI or an NNRTI).

• #15 Management of HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS

  The United States Department of Health and Human Services and the World Health Organization recommend offering antiretroviral treatment to all patients with HIV. […] Because of the complexity of selecting and following a regimen, the potential for side effects, and the importance of taking medications regularly to prevent viral resistance, such organizations emphasize the importance of involving patients in therapy choices and recommend analyzing the risks and the potential benefits. […] The WHO has defined health as more than the absence of disease. […] There are six classes of drugs, which are usually used in combination, to treat HIV infection. Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are broadly classified by the phase of the retrovirus life-cycle that the drug inhibits. Typical combinations include two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) as a „backbone” along with one non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), protease inhibitor (PI) or integrase inhibitors (also known as integrase nuclear strand transfer inhibitors or INSTIs) as a „base”.

• #16 Types of antiretroviral medications | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/types-antiretroviral-medications

  Many of the HIV drug combinations used today combine two or three drugs in one pill (a fixed-dose combination). Or you may be offered a combination that consists of two drugs in one pill, accompanied by a third drug in another pill. […] Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), often all referred to as NRTIs, work by targeting the action of an HIV protein called reverse transcriptase. […] NRTIs disrupt the construction of a new piece of proviral DNA, thereby stopping the reverse transcription process and halting HIV replication. […] This class of medications is sometimes referred to as the backbone of a first-line HIV treatment combination. […] Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also target reverse transcriptase, but in a different way to NRTIs.

• #17 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  There are many different regimens, and each category of medication contains multiple drugs. Your doctor will work with you to determine the most appropriate regimen for you. Each medication has specific dosing instructions and side effects, and some may have interactions with other prescription, nonprescription, and herbal medications. […] Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)—NRTIs are incorporated into the DNA of HIV, which helps to prevent the virus from copying itself. […] Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)—Integrase is an enzyme that HIV requires to make copies of itself. INSTIs prevent this process from happening. […] Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)—NNRTIs inhibit the action of an enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which prevents or limits HIV from copying itself.

• #18 Types of antiretroviral medications | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/types-antiretroviral-medications

  NNRTIs interfere with the reverse transcriptase enzyme by binding directly to it, blocking the reverse transcription process. […] Integrase inhibitors target a protein in HIV called integrase which is essential for viral replication. […] Integrase inhibitors stop the virus from inserting itself into the DNA of human cells. […] Protease inhibitors (PIs) block the activity of the protease enzyme, which HIV uses to break up large polyproteins into the smaller pieces required for assembly of new viral particles. […] Booster drugs are used to boost the effects of protease inhibitors and other antiretroviral drugs. […] There are some fixed-dose pills that combine two or three antiretroviral drugs from more than one class into a single pill that is taken once a day. […] Drugs from the following classes are mostly used when resistance has developed to first-line or second-line drugs. Because they work differently to existing drugs, they remain active against virus that has developed resistance to other antiretroviral classes.

• #19 How HIV Is Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hiv-aids-treatment-4014255

  Antiretroviral drugs are used in combination. By blocking more than one stage in the virus life cycle, the drugs are better able to achieve and sustain viral suppression. HIV drugs used on their own (referred to as monotherapy) cannot do this. […] The HIV treatment guidelines in the United States are overseen by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The HHS panel of experts issues specific recommendations on how to treat HIV in adults, children, and pregnant people. […] Integrase inhibitors are the ideal drug for most people newly diagnosed with HIV (due to their ease of use, low risk of side effects, and overall durability and effectiveness). In December 2019, the HHS reaffirmed integrase inhibitors as the preferred class of drugs for the first-line treatment of HIV. […] Prior to starting treatment, a healthcare provider will order tests to understand the variation of the virus. This involves a blood test, called genetic resistance testing, that can identify mutations associated with drug resistance. Based on the number and types of mutations you have, the test can predict which drugs will work most effectively for you.

• #20 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  Protease inhibitors (PIs)—Proteases are enzymes that HIV requires to copy itself. When protease inhibitors are used, HIV makes copies of itself that cannot infect new cells. […] Detailed information about the side effects and best ways to take these medicines is available in a separate topic review and at the National Institutes of Health AIDS information website. […] Your healthcare provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

• #21 Types of antiretroviral medications | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/types-antiretroviral-medications

  A substance that acts against retroviruses such as HIV. There are several classes of antiretrovirals, which are defined by what step of viral replication they target: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; protease inhibitors; entry inhibitors; integrase (strand transfer) inhibitors. […] Entry inhibitors stop HIV from entering human cells. […] CCR5 inhibitors prevent HIV from using the CCR5 co-receptor by binding to it, blocking viral entry. […] Fusion inhibitors works by stopping the fusion of the HIV envelope protein with the CD4 cell. […] Capsid inhibitors interfere with multiple stages of the HIV lifecycle.

• #22 HIV Infection and AIDS: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-overview

  Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the principal method for preventing immune deterioration. […] DHHS guidelines list the following regimens as preferred in most treatment-naive patients: An initial antiretroviral (ARV) regimen for a treatment-naive patient generally consists of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) administered in combination with a third active ARV drug from one of three drug classes: an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor (PI) with a pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancer (also known as a booster; the two drugs used for this purpose are cobicistat and ritonavir). […] The CDC has recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens. […] PEP drug regimens are as follows: Preferred option 1: Dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC; Truvada). […] PrEP drug regimens are as follows: Preferred PrEP drug regimen: Truvada (TDF/FTC).

• #23 List of Approved Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating HIV/AIDS

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/list-of-approved-hiv-antiretroviral-drugs-49309

  More than 40 drugs are now available to treat HIV infection. Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection. They work by blocking a stage of the virus’s life cycle and, by doing so, prevent the virus from replicating. As of 2022, the Food and Drug Administration has approved 26 individual drug agents and 22 fixed-dosed combination (FDC) drugs comprised of two or more antiretrovirals. This includes the first antiretroviral drug regimen, Cabenuva, which requires a once-a-month or once-every-two-month injection rather than an oral dose daily. Antiretroviral therapy is quickly changing, with newer drug agents offering fewer side effects, greater durability, and a decreased risk of drug resistance. In the past, antiretroviral therapy was described as a three-drug „cocktail.” Today, with improved pharmacokinetics and a longer drug half-life, antiretroviral therapy may involve as few as two co-formulated drug agents. While several new antiretroviral drugs have been added to the treatment arsenal since 2010, older ones like Crixivan (indinavir), Rescriptor (delavirdine), Videx (didanosine), Viracept (nelfinavir), and Zerit (stavudine) have been discontinued and are no longer in use. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of reverse transcriptase and so prevent the replication of the virus. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also block reverse transcriptase but in a different way. Protease inhibitors (PIs) work by blocking an enzyme known as protease. Capsid inhibitors disrupt the HIV capsid, a protective protein shell for HIV’s genetic material and replication enzymes. Fixed-dose combination drugs reduce the daily pill burden a person with HIV may otherwise be faced with when undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Of the 22 FDC drugs approved for use in the United States, 14 are all-in-one treatments taken once daily.

• #24 Discovery of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV – American Chemical Society

  https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy-hiv.html

  Almost immediately after gaining regulatory approval for treating HIV, HAART began saving lives. […] These treatments proved that, for HIV, two defenses are better than one. […] Newer generations of antiretrovirals also offered improvements in safety, tolerability, convenience, and efficacy. […] HAART became more widely available and affordable. […] HAART isnt perfect no drug regimen is. […] However, progress continues, and in 2021, FDA approved a treatment that works via bi-monthly injections. […] Todays combination treatment regimens allow people with HIV who have access to treatment to live into their 70s a huge win making HIV a manageable chronic disease. […] HIVs antiretrovirals help avert over 1 million deaths every year. […] This highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has saved millions of lives worldwide and, for those with access to treatment, transformed a once-seemingly undefeatable pandemic into a manageable chronic disease.

• #25 Long-Acting HIV Treatment | CABENUVA (cabotegravir; rilpivirine)

  https://www.cabenuva.com/

  CABENUVA is a complete prescription regimen used to treat HIV-1 infection in people 12 years and older who weigh at least 77 lbs (35 kg), to replace their current HIV-1 medicines when their healthcare provider determines they meet certain requirements.

• #26 Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): How It Works & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/antiretroviral-therapy

  When taken correctly and consistently, ART is very successful. Studies suggest that over 90% of people (9 out of 10 people) who take ART medications as prescribed (called treatment adherence) have undetectable levels of HIV in their blood within 12 months. Most people who start ART soon after their diagnosis and stay on it can expect to live as long as someone without HIV. […] Its important to remember that ART doesnt entirely eliminate HIV in your body. It only works on viruses that are actively entering your cells and reproducing. HIV is invisible to these medications if its inside your cells and not actively making more copies of itself. ART can stop HIV from reproducing, bringing it to levels so low that blood tests cant detect it. But if you stop taking ART when you reach undetectable levels, the hidden virus can become active again. It might be resistant to medication and harder to treat if it comes back.

• #27 The First AIDS Drugs | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/news/landmarks/article/first-aids-drugs

  Combining AZT with one of these drugs improved the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. […] NCI scientists helped map out the structure of another essential viral enzyme, the HIV protease, to guide the design of a new class of HIV drugs. […] The number of AIDS-related deaths in the U.S., which exceeded 40,000 in 1995, declined rapidly after the introduction of this combination therapy, called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has dramatically reduced AIDS mortality and transmission of the virus in many parts of the world where there has been ready access to the medication. It has also markedly reduced the development of the many AIDS-related cancers that are associated with immunodeficiency. […] patients living with HIV today have even more treatment options.

• #28 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids

  HIV treatments are highly effective they protect the immune system by: preventing the virus from multiplying, reducing the damage to the specific cells targeted by HIV. […] Most people living with HIV on effective treatment in Australia can expect to live long, healthy lives without ever developing AIDS. […] People on treatment who achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV sexually. […] The sooner treatment begins after diagnosis, the greater impact it will have on controlling HIV. […] HIV treatments are medications that reduce the amount of virus in a persons body by preventing it from making copies of itself (multiplying). This is sometimes referred to as ART (or antiretroviral treatment). ART treatment has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition (like high blood pressure or diabetes), and enables people to live long and healthy lives. Treatment can reduce the amount of virus in a persons body to such low levels that it is undetectable on the blood tests used to measure the amount of virus in the blood which means the person cannot transmit HIV to others.

• #29 HIV Treatment as Prevention

  https://www.hiv.gov/tasp

  If taken as prescribed, HIV medicine reduces the amount of HIV in your blood (also called your viral load) to a very low level, which keeps your immune system working and prevents illness. […] There are important health benefits to getting the viral load as low as possible. People with HIV who know their status, take HIV medicine as prescribed, and get and keep an undetectable viral load can live long and healthy lives. […] People with HIV who take HIV medicine as prescribed and get and keep an undetectable viral load will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex. […] HIV treatment is not a cure and HIV is still in your body, even when your viral load is undetectable, so you need to keep taking your HIV medicine as prescribed. […] Large research studies with newer HIV medicines have shown that treatment is prevention.

• #30 HIV Treatment as Prevention

  https://www.hiv.gov/tasp

  No HIV transmissions were observed when the HIV-positive partner was virally suppressed. […] If a pregnant person takes HIV medicine daily as prescribed throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery and gives HIV medicine to the infant for 4-6 weeks after giving birth, the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby can be 1% or less. […] Talk with your health care provider about the benefits of HIV treatment and which HIV medicine is right for you. […] Taking HIV medicine to maintain an undetectable viral load does not protect you or your partner from getting other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so talk to your provider about ways to prevent other STIs. […] TasP can be used alone or in conjunction with other prevention strategies.

• #31

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/

  There’s currently no cure for HIV, but there are very effective drug treatments that enable most people with the virus to live a long and healthy life. […] With an early diagnosis and effective treatments, most people with HIV will not develop any AIDS-related illnesses and will live a near-normal lifespan. […] Antiretroviral medicines are used to treat HIV. They work by stopping the virus replicating in the body, allowing the immune system to repair itself and preventing further damage. […] Most people with HIV take a combination of medicines. It’s vital these are taken every day as recommended by your doctor. […] The goal of HIV treatment is to have an undetectable viral load. This means the level of HIV virus in your body is low enough to not be detected by a test. […] If you’re living with HIV, taking effective HIV treatment and being undetectable significantly reduces your risk of passing HIV on to others. […] For people with HIV, if you have been taking effective HIV treatment and your viral load has been undetectable for 6 months or more, it means you cannot pass the virus on through sex.

• #32 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids

  There is currently no cure for HIV. For people with HIV to remain well, treatment options are: daily tablets, long-acting injectable antiretrovirals given every 8 weeks these may be a good option for many people. […] If you are unable to take your HIV medication as prescribed, the virus can multiply again and become resistant to the antiretroviral medication you are currently taking and will not be as effective. […] HIV treatments may cause mild side effects including: tiredness and fatigue, nausea and digestive discomfort, diarrhoea, difficulty sleeping, headaches, weight gain, skin rashes. […] Regular blood tests are necessary to make sure your treatment is working and not causing serious side effects.

• #33 HIV Treatment – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/aids-hiv-care-resources-in-nyc.page

  Even if you feel healthy, do not take a break from treatment. If you are considering stopping your HIV medicines for any reason, talk to a doctor or nurse before you do. […] Many people who take HIV medicines report no side effects. If you do experience side effects, speak with your doctor or nurse before side effects interrupt your treatment. […] Your provider can help you address any side effects or other health-related issues that you may be experiencing. There are many treatment options, so work with your provider to find a regimen that works for you. […] It can be hard to tell sex partners that you have HIV. The conversation may be easier if you are taking HIV medicines and your HIV is undetectable. People who maintain an undetectable viral load for at least six months and beyond do not pass HIV to others through sex. […] You can also talk to your partners about daily PrEP and emergency PEP. These are safe medicines that can prevent the transmission of HIV.

• #34 HIV medications list: Treatment, prevention, and how they work

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324300

  Modern antiretroviral therapy has made it possible for people with HIV to have life spans similar to those of people without the infection. […] The CDC recommend that all people with HIV take antiretroviral therapy, regardless of how long they have had the virus and their current health. […] According to HIV.gov, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy far outweigh the risks posed by side effects. […] Antiretroviral medications significantly reduce levels of HIV in the body. […] If a persons treatment is effective, the viral levels become undetectable within 36 months. […] If a person cannot access effective treatment, the virus typically progresses to stage 3, known as AIDS, within 10 years.

• #35 HIV medications list: Treatment, prevention, and how they work

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324300

  Treatment for HIV involves taking medication, such as pills, that reduces the amount of the virus in the body. This is called antiretroviral therapy. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) recommend consistent treatment with antiretroviral therapy for everyone with HIV, regardless of how long they have had it or their current state of health. […] To date, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved more than 20 medications to treat HIV. […] Compared with earlier drugs, modern drugs used in antiretroviral therapy are more potent, less toxic, and easier to take as directed. […] The aim of antiretroviral therapy is to reduce a persons viral load, or the amount of the virus in the blood, to an undetectable level. […] Various classes of antiretroviral drugs target HIV at different stages of its life cycle the stages at which it replicates and spreads in the body.

• #36 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  ART is recommended as soon as possible for all persons with HIV who are pregnant, regardless of their T cell count. If you have HIV and are pregnant, taking ART can significantly decrease the risk that you will transmit HIV to your infant during pregnancy or birth. […] People with HIV who are sexually active with a partner(s) who is HIV-negative should start ART to decrease the risk of transmitting HIV, regardless of their T cell count. The probability of transmitting the infection correlates with the amount of virus in your blood. With no detectable virus in the blood, the risk is eliminated. […] Prompt initiation of ART is often recommended for people with certain underlying medical conditions. This includes the following conditions: […] • HIV-associated nephropathy (kidney disease caused by HIV)

• #37 AIDS/HIV: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/hiv-aids

  Although there have been considerable advances in treatment, HIV continues to be a serious problem, especially in the terminal phase of the disease in the absence of treatment, known as AIDS. […] There are currently no treatments that completely eliminate HIV from the body. The best treatments prevent HIV from multiplying, thereby keeping the immune system working properly. […] Patients are advised to start treatment as soon as possible after infection. This preserves the immune system as best as possible and also reduces the risk of passing HIV on. In these conditions, the life expectancy of HIV-positive individuals receiving treatment is close to that of the general population. Unfortunately, most cases of HIV are only detected after several years, and just 60% of people with HIV worldwide have access to treatment. […] Taking antiretroviral medication during pregnancy reduces the risk of transmission to less than 1%, compared with 15 to 30% in the absence of treatment.

• #38 Current State of HIV and AIDS Treatment | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/medical-advances/new-therapies-and-drug-trials/current-state-of-hiv-and-aids-treatment

  Remarkable progress has been made in the research and development of HIV and AIDS treatments, most recently with long-acting injectable therapies. […] Injectable therapy advances are benefiting people who are HIV positive as well as those who are seeking to prevent HIV because PrEP is also available as a long-acting injection instead of a daily oral medication. […] While great strides have been made in treatment, more work needs to be done to ensure all patients have access to effective treatments. […] Currently, the injectable medications for people with HIV are only approved for those who are undetectable, a way of saying that the virus in their system is so low it cannot be detected by a blood test. […] I would also reassure a patient who is pregnant that these medications have demonstrated safety in pregnancy with no associated risk to baby. […] People who are undetectable have less than a 1% chance of passing the virus to their baby, whereas those who are virally detectable have a considerably higher rate around 15%.

• #39 HIV Infection and AIDS Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, HAART Studies and DHHS Guidelines, Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-treatment

  Treatment guidelines for HIV infection are age-specific. Guidelines for pediatric populations are compiled by the Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children; guidelines for adults and adolescents are compiled by the Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection. […] The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) issued updated guidelines in November 2021 for the management of HIV infection. […] Because of advances in management, HIV-infected patients are having fewer complications and surviving longer; as a result, they are increasingly experiencing common health problems seen in the general population, and these problems must be addressed. […] The introduction of HAART has significantly improved mortality rates. […] Treatment failures are most closely related to the timing of therapy initiation (and, therefore, of timeliness of diagnosis).

• #40 HIV/AIDS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

  Benefits of treatment include a decreased risk of progression to AIDS and a decreased risk of death. In the developing world, treatment also improves physical and mental health. With treatment, there is a 70% reduced risk of acquiring tuberculosis. Additional benefits include a decreased risk of transmission of the disease to sexual partners and a decrease in mother-to-child transmission. The effectiveness of treatment depends to a large part on compliance. […] Treatment recommendations for children are somewhat different from those for adults. The World Health Organization recommends treating all children less than five years of age; children above five are treated like adults. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended the granting of marketing authorizations for two new antiretroviral (ARV) medicines, rilpivirine (Rekambys) and cabotegravir (Vocabria), to be used together for the treatment of people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.

• #41 Treatment in children living with HIV | Children and AIDS

  https://www.childrenandaids.org/paediatric_treatment

  To ensure that every child thrives, it is imperative that we scale up access to ART. […] In 2023, an estimated 1.37 million children aged 014 years were living with HIV globally, yet a staggering 43% of these childrenover half a millionwere unable to access life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] The consequences of this inadequate access to treatment are dire. Research indicates that without timely intervention, one-third of infants born with HIV will not survive past their first birthday, and half will succumb by age two. […] We must prioritize investments in healthcare infrastructure, improve early diagnosis, and scale up HIV case finding among children beyond infancy to ensure timely treatment for all affected. […] These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of HIV infection, the care of people living with HIV and the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. […] This edition updates the 2016 WHO consolidated guidelines, including updates and guidelines produced since.

• #42 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  • HIV-associated changes in brain functioning […] • Hepatitis B or hepatitis C […] • HIV-related cancers […] • Certain HIV-related infections that are likely to resolve more quickly with ART […] AIDS-defining illnesses—AIDS-defining illnesses are diseases or conditions that are uncommon in people with a healthy immune system, but can develop in people with a severely weakened immune system (as a result of AIDS). Many of these illnesses are infections of various types. ART should be started by anyone who has a current or past history of one or more AIDS-defining illnesses. […] As part of your initial evaluation, you will have blood tests and a complete physical examination. These tests can help to determine whether you have any underlying HIV-related infections or other illnesses. In addition, testing is recommended to determine whether your virus is resistant to any HIV medications and to ensure that the most effective anti-HIV treatments are used.

• #43 HIV Infection and AIDS Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, HAART Studies and DHHS Guidelines, Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-treatment

  Although previous guideline versions have recommended waiting to initiate HIV treatment, the DHHS and IAS-USA guidelines both advocate initiation of HIV treatment as soon as possible, which some have termed „rapid” start of HIV medications. […] Antiretroviral regimen selection is individualized, on the basis of the following: virologic efficacy, toxicity, pill burden, dosing frequency, drug-drug interaction potential, drug resistance testing results, comorbid conditions. […] Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci (a normally harmless commensal organism) is most important, as this causes a common, preventable, serious infection. […] Treatment of opportunistic infections is paramount and should be directed at the specific pathogen. […] HIV lipodystrophy is a syndrome of abnormal central fat accumulation and/or localized loss of fat tissue that occurs in patients taking antiretroviral drugs.

• #44 HIV Infection and AIDS Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, HAART Studies and DHHS Guidelines, Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211316-treatment

  Most individuals infected with HIV-1 also are infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Suppressive therapy of HSV-2 with acyclovir reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations. […] In December 2012, the FDA approved crofelemer for the relief of diarrhea in patients with HIV/AIDS who are undergoing antiretroviral therapy.

• #45 HIV Medicines | HIV Cure | HIV Treatment | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html

  HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV (viral load) in your body, which helps by: […] The treatment of HIV with medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). It involves taking a combination of medicines every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. The medicines do not cure HIV infection, but help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. They also reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others. […] It’s important to start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible after your diagnosis, especially if you: […] You and your health care provider will work together to come up with a personal treatment plan. […] HIV medicines can cause side effects. Most of these side effects are manageable, but a few can be serious. […] HIV medicines are not just used for treatment. Some people take them to prevent HIV. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don’t already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV.

• #46 HIV/AIDS Treatments: What You Need to Know – Someone Cares Atlanta

  https://s1catl.org/hiv-aids-treatments-what-you-need-to-know/

  PEP is a treatment that can be taken after potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection. It involves taking a combination of medications for 28 days, ideally within 72 hours of exposure. […] PrEP is a daily medication taken by individuals who are at high risk of contracting HIV, such as those in a serodiscordant relationship (where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is not) or those who engage in high-risk behaviors. According to the CDC, PrEP can reduce the risk of getting HIV through sex by up to 99% and through injection drug use by up to 74%. […] When it comes to HIV/AIDS treatments, it is crucial to seek help from a reputable organization like Someone Cares, Inc. […] HIV/AIDS treatments have come a long way, and today, individuals living with the virus can lead long and fulfilling lives. It is crucial to get tested regularly, practice safe sex, and seek treatment from a reputable organization like Someone Cares, Inc. if diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. With the right treatment and support, individuals living with HIV/AIDS can live healthy and fulfilling lives.

• #47 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

  HIV is spread through contact with genitals, such as during sex without a condom. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. […] If you have HIV, taking HIV medicines can keep your partner from getting infected with the virus. If your blood tests show no virus, that means your viral load can’t be detected. Then you won’t transmit the virus to anyone else through sex. […] Consider preexposure prophylaxis, also called PrEP. There are two PrEP medicines taken by mouth, also called oral, and one PrEP medicine given in the form of a shot, called injectable. The oral medicines are emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) and emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (Descovy). The injectable medicine is called cabotegravir (Apretude). PrEP can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection in people at very high risk.

• #48 HIV medications list: Treatment, prevention, and how they work

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324300

  Post-attachment inhibitors are another type of entry inhibitor. […] Pharmacokinetic enhancers are not antiretrovirals, but they may complement antiretroviral therapy. […] Combination medications contain two or more HIV drugs from one or more drug classes within single pills. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an emergency strategy that involves taking HIV medications within 72 hours of possible exposure. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is another HIV prevention method. […] HIV medications primarily work by stopping the virus from replicating. […] Antiretroviral drugs stop the virus from replicating. This helps protect the immune system and prevent disease. […] Due to modern advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV-related complications, such as opportunistic infections, are less common.

• #49 Treatments for HIV/AIDS | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/treatments.html

  Also, medicine may prevent HIV infection in a person who has been raped or was accidentally exposed to the body fluids of a person who may have HIV. This type of treatment is usually started within 72 hours of the exposure. […] If HIV progresses to a late stage, treatment will be started or continued to keep your immune system as healthy as possible. […] If you get any diseases that point to AIDS, such as Pneumocystis pneumonia or Kaposi’s sarcoma, your doctor will treat them.

• #50 HIV Treatment as Prevention

  https://www.hiv.gov/tasp

  HIV Treatment as Prevention. A highly effective strategy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. […] Treatment as Prevention (TasP) refers to taking HIV medicine to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. It is one of the most highly effective options for preventing HIV transmission. […] People with HIV who take HIV medicine (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) as prescribed and get and keep an undetectable viral load a very low level of HIV in the blood can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex. […] TasP works when a person with HIV takes HIV medicine exactly as prescribed and has regular follow-up care, including routine viral load tests to ensure their viral load stays undetectable. […] HIV treatment involves taking highly effective medicine that reduces the amount of HIV in your body. HIV medicine is recommended for everyone with HIV, and people with HIV should start HIV medicine as soon as possible after diagnosis, even on that same day.

• #51

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/treatment

  Adherence to ART is important to maximize the clinical benefits on mortality and morbidity, and to reduce the risk of drug resistance. […] ART regimens has evolved in the last years and are more potent, better tolerated and available in fixed-dose combinations for adults adolescents and children, which further support adherence and increase the efficacy and durability of the treatment. […] To optimize the programmatic impact of HIV treatment and promote efficiency gains, the use of person-centred, differentiated care models has been adopted by countries, reducing the HIV disease burden on health systems and improving patients quality of care.

• #52 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  HIV is treated with a combination of medicines (pills) taken by mouth every day. This combination of pills is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] The goal of ART is to reduce HIV in the blood (viral load) to an amount that’s not detectable by an HIV test and to slow HIV’s weakening of your immune system. […] There is currently no cure for HIV, but there are many treatment options that can slow the progression of HIV significantly. […] Taking a combination of types of pills, rather than just one, is the most effective way to keep HIV from multiplying and destroying your cells. […] If you miss medications, even by accident, HIV can change how it infects your cells (mutate), potentially causing your medications to stop working. […] If you have a high CD4 count and an undetectable viral load within a year of starting treatment, research suggests you’ll have the best outcomes, as long as you continue your treatment plan.

• #53 AIDS | United Nations

  https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/aids

  HIV is found in the bodily fluids of a person who is living with HIVblood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. […] Of the 39.9 million people living with HIV worldwide, 9.3 million – almost a quarter – are not receiving life-saving treatment. […] In 2023, 30.7 million of all people living with HIV were accessing antiretroviral therapy. […] Despite the tremendous progress in preventing new HIV infections the report shows that new HIV infections are rising in three regions – the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America – and that gaps and inequalities remain. […] With stigma and discrimination against marginalised communities creating barriers to vital prevention and treatment services, key populations, including sex workers, men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs, account for a higher proportion of new infections globally (55%) than in 2010 (45%).

• #54 AIDS | United Nations

  https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/aids

  Funding for HIV programmes decreased by 5% from 2022 to 2023, and by 7.9% from 2020 to 2023. […] The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was created in 2002. […] By mid-2015, the number of people accessing antiretroviral therapy reached nearly 16 milliondouble the number just five years earlier. […] Ending AIDS by 2030 is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/toward_a_cure___advancing_hiv_aids_treatment.46.aspx

  Antiretroviral therapy, also known as antiretroviral therapy (ART), has been at the forefront of the ongoing battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDs). ART is effective, but it has drawbacks such as side effects, medication resistance, and difficulty getting access to treatment, which highlights the urgent need for novel treatment approaches. […] The aim of this review is to investigate the present frontiers of HIV/AIDS research and reveal promising directions that hold the promise of advancing to a cure. […] The findings indicate that stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, immunotherapy, latency reversal agents (LRAs), and pharmaceutical vaccines are promising alternative therapeutic approaches. […] Given these difficulties, research into new treatment modalities that may provide long-term viral control, less dependence on lifetime medicine, and eventually an HIV cure is necessary.

• #56

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/toward_a_cure___advancing_hiv_aids_treatment.46.aspx

  Alternative curative methods are desperately needed, even though antiretroviral medication (ART) has greatly improved the prognosis and quality of life for those with HIV. […] Gene therapy involves targeting HIV reservoirs or immune cells with gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 in order to alter them and maybe make them resistant to viral replication or make it possible for the immune system to identify and destroy infected cells. […] Immunotherapy are treatments that boost the body’s defenses against HIV, include immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer, in which patients receive infusions of immune cells that have been genetically modified to recognize and eradicate HIV-infected cells. […] Latency-Reversing Agents (LRAs) are substances that try to revive dormant HIV reservoirs, exposing infected cells to immune-mediated clearance or rendering them apparent to the immune system.

• #57 Why is It Hard to Cure HIV? Is HIV Curable?

  https://www.americangene.com/blog/why-is-it-so-difficult-to-find-an-hiv-cure/

  While ARTs are not a cure, this cocktail of drugs halts the progress of HIV to AIDS by targeting HIV at different stages of its replication cycle. […] The potential diversion of funds to eradication over a cure is likely to leave the lifelong use of ARTs as the only recourse for people living with HIV. […] HIV is a curable condition, as exemplified by cases like the Berlin patient and the London patient. […] The next logical step is to use gene therapy to deliver HIV resistance genes to immune cells. […] Yes! HIV has been declared cured before, but only under special circumstances. The next step in HIV cure research is to develop a safe, scalable method. […] HIV is a tricky virus that entangles itself with the immune system. Modern medication can effectively block HIV replication but cannot separate the viral DNA from the immune system. […] HIV infection is often asymptomatic, so it is difficult to identify before the virus does damage to the immune system. Additionally, HIV mutates very quickly, so doctors need to consider the possibility of antiviral resistance.

• #58 HIV: there’s hope for a cure – where we stand now

  https://theconversation.com/hiv-theres-hope-for-a-cure-where-we-stand-now-244944

  With the help of new scientific and technological developments, the HIV/Aids research community is increasingly turning to an ambitious goal: finding a cure for HIV/Aids. […] Antiretroviral treatment which targets and suppresses the replication of the virus within the body means people living with HIV are able to live long, fulfilling lives, without the risk of spreading the HIV virus to others. […] There is hope and optimism that HIV can be cured, with various strategies beginning to show some promise, with partial successes reported. […] Cure research is in its infancy, but there are exciting hints that gene therapy and immunotherapies might lead us to a cure. […] In contrast, some strategies involving a combination of early treatment and immunotherapy are also showing some promise and these could be developed further for long-term control of HIV without antiretroviral therapy.

• #59

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

  Pregnant women with HIV should have access to, and take, ART as soon as possible. This protects the health of the mother and will help prevent HIV transmission to the fetus before birth, or through breast milk. […] Advanced HIV disease remains a persistent problem in the HIV response. WHO is supporting countries to implement the advanced HIV disease package of care to reduce illness and death. Newer HIV medicines and short course treatments for opportunistic infections like cryptococcal meningitis are being developed that may change the way people take ART and prevention medicines, including access to injectable formulations, in the future.

• #60 HIV and AIDS: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131

  HIV is a serious medical condition that damages the immune system. If left untreated, the virus can progress through three stages that may seriously impair a persons quality and duration of life. […] That said, due to medical advances, people with HIV who receive appropriate treatment rarely develop stage 3 HIV, or AIDS. They can manage their condition and live long, healthy lives. […] As of 2022, 76% of people with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy. […] AIDS-related deaths have also significantly decreased by 51% since 2010. […] There is currently no cure for HIV. However, treatments may help: stop HIV from progressing, reduce the risk of transmissions, extend a persons life expectancy, improve a persons quality of life. […] Many people who take HIV treatments live long, healthy lives.

• #61 Patient education: Initial treatment of HIV (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-hiv-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIV TREATMENT OVERVIEW […] Finding out you have HIV can be an overwhelming experience filled with worry about the future, concern for loved ones, and fears of dying. However, current treatment regimens have significantly improved the prognosis of HIV. In fact, living with HIV is similar to living with other chronic diseases, such as diabetes or high blood pressure; when HIV is closely monitored and treated, it is usually possible to have a near-normal lifespan. […] This topic discusses treatment options for HIV, including general information about when to start treatment and issues to consider when starting treatment. […] Anyone who is diagnosed with HIV is best managed by a health care provider who specializes in the care of people with HIV or AIDS. Clinicians in your area usually know the best local providers who are experts in HIV care. You might see an infectious diseases specialist or a primary care provider with special training.

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