Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) The Basics of HIV Prevention […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an HIV medicine taken by people who do not have HIV that reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99% and from injection drug use by at least 74%. […] Although PrEP protects against HIV during sex without a condom or if a condom fails, it does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and should be used with condoms when possible. […] PrEP works by blocking the HIV life cycle, preventing the virus from taking hold and spreading if exposed during sex or injection drug use. However, its effectiveness relies on taking the medication as prescribed to ensure there is enough medicine in the bloodstream to stop the virus from spreading.

• #1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  PrEP is used by people who do not have HIV and are at high risk of being exposed to HIV through sex or injection drug use. […] Specifically, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you should consider PrEP if you are HIV negative, have had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months, and: Have a sexual partner with HIV (especially if the partner has an unknown or detectable viral load), or Have not consistently used a condom, or Have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 6 months. […] PrEP should also be considered for people without HIV who have been prescribed non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) and: Report continued unsafe sex practices, or Have used multiple courses of PEP. […] Oral PrEP is most effective when taken consistently each day. CDC reports that consistent PrEP use reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99% and from injection drug use by at least 74%.

• #1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  Adding other prevention methods, such as condom use, along with PrEP, can further reduce your risk of getting HIV. […] Continue to use condoms while taking PrEP. Even though daily PrEP can greatly reduce your risk of HIV, it does not protect against other STIs, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. Combining condom use with PrEP will further reduce your risk of HIV, as well as protect you from other STIs. […] If you inject drugs, avoid sharing needles or other drug injection equipment with other people. Although HIV PrEP reduces the risk of transmission from injection drug use, the risk of getting HIV remains much higher from injecting drugs than from sex.

• #2 HIV: PrEP and PEP

  https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html

  PrEP and PEP are medicines to prevent HIV. Each type is used in a different situation: […] PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is for people who don’t already have HIV but are at risk of getting it. PrEP is medicine that can reduce this risk. It can either be a pill that you take every day or an injection that you get every two months. With PrEP, if you do get exposed to HIV, the medicine can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body. […] PEP stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. PEP is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV. […] PrEP can help protect you if you don’t have HIV and any of these applies to you: […] PrEP is very effective when you take it consistently. It reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%. In people who inject drugs, it reduces the risk of HIV by at least 74%. PrEP is much less effective if you do not take it consistently.

• #2 HIV: PrEP and PEP

  https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html

  PEP must be started within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV. The sooner you start it, the better; every hour counts. […] PEP is only for emergency situations. It is not the right choice for people who may be exposed to HIV frequently – for example, if you often have sex without a condom with a partner who is HIV-positive. In that case, you should talk to your health care provider about whether PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) would be right for you.

• #3 Preventing HIV with PrEP | HIV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/prep.html

  PrEP is medicine that greatly reduces your chance of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use. […] PrEP is for people without HIV who may be exposed to HIV through sex or injection drug use. […] PrEP may be an option to help protect pregnant people and their babies from getting HIV while trying to get pregnant, during pregnancy, or while breastfeeding. […] PrEP greatly reduces your chance of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use. […] PrEP can help protect you if you dont have HIV and any of the following apply to you: […] You may choose to take PrEP, even if the behaviors listed above dont apply to you. […] Most insurance plans and state Medicaid programs cover PrEP. […] Talk to your health care provider if you think PrEP is right for you. […] Before starting PrEP, you must take an HIV test to make sure you don’t have HIV.

• #4 How Does HIV Prevention Medication Work?

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-prevention-meds

  PrEP works by blocking an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself, or replicate, in your body. […] After you start taking PrEP, it reaches a certain level in your bloodstream and in your mucus membranes that helps protect you from being infected. […] PrEP may start working after a few days. The medication needs time to reach a certain level in your body to get the most protection. […] If you have receptive anal sex, also known as bottoming, it may take about 7 days of taking a pill every day. […] If you have receptive vaginal sex or take injection drugs, it may take 21 days of daily pills. […] Youll need an HIV test before starting PrEP. If you already have HIV, taking PrEP medication may create resistance to the drug, which may make it less effective for treating your HIV infection.

• #4 How Does HIV Prevention Medication Work?

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-prevention-meds

  Most people dont have side effects from PrEP, but its possible you may get them. […] If youre a gay or bisexual man and you have anal sex without a condom, the 2-1-1 schedule may protect you from HIV. […] If youre interested in on-demand PrEP, talk to your doctor. You can also find information at the CDC and health departments and organizations in the U.S., Europe, and Canada.

• #4 How Does HIV Prevention Medication Work?

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-prevention-meds

  You may have heard about medication you can take to prevent HIV. Its called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Heres how it works, how to take it, and what to expect. […] PrEP is medicine you take to lower your risk of getting HIV from sex or injection drugs. When the medication builds up in your bloodstream, it stops HIV from taking hold in your body. […] If you take PrEP properly, its 99% effective against HIV infection from sex. […] Its less effective at preventing HIV infection if you inject drugs. Experts are still gathering information, but right now it looks like PrEP lowers your risk by about 74% if you inject drugs. […] PrEP is most effective when you take it as prescribed. Your risk of being infected is higher if you dont take it as directed. […] Its considered very safe. There are no reports of serious problems in people who take PrEP.

• #5 Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exposure_prophylaxis_for_HIV_prevention

  In December 2021, the FDA approved cabotegravir (Apretude), which is an injectable form of PrEP manufactured by Viiv Healthcare. Regulators believe it will improve medication adherence because it has to be taken just once every two months, and it will also widen adoption as it eliminates the need to hide pills or pharmacy visits for discretion. […] In its 2021 guidelines, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends multiple forms of PrEP for HIV prevention: Oral PrEP using TDF-containing compounds for anyone at substantial risk of HIV infection; Event-driven PrEP for men who have sex with men; and The dapivirine vaginal ring (DPV-VR) for women at substantial risk of HIV infection who do not have access to oral PrEP. […] In the United States, federal guidelines updated in 2021 now recommend healthcare providers discuss and provide information on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention for all sexually active adults and adolescents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends providers take a targeted sexual history of their patients to assess specific risk for HIV acquisition and suggest PrEP to sexually active adults and adolescents who have had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months and any of the following: 1 or more partner(s) with unknown HIV status and inconsistent condom use; An HIV-positive sexual partner; A bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 6 months.

• #5 Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exposure_prophylaxis_for_HIV_prevention

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention, commonly known as PrEP, is the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS by people that do not have HIV/AIDS. PrEP is one of a number of HIV prevention strategies for people who are HIV-negative but who have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, including sexually-active adults who are at increased risk of contracting HIV, people who engage in intravenous drug use, and serodiscordant sexually-active couples. […] The first form of PrEP for HIV prevention, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (FTC/TDF; Truvada), was approved in 2012. In October 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF; Descovy) to be used as PrEP in addition to Truvada, which provides similar levels of protection. Descovy, however, is currently approved only for cisgender males and transgender women as the efficacy has not been assessed in people at risk for HIV through receptive vaginal sex.

• #5 Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exposure_prophylaxis_for_HIV_prevention

  The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations support the use of PrEP in pregnant and breastfeeding people who are at substantial risk of HIV infection. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the safety of TDF-containing oral PrEP during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This is an important time for prevention, as acquiring HIV during pregnancy increases the risk of transmission to the infant. Global oral PrEP accessibility for women, including those who are either pregnant or breastfeeding, is limited. In addition, there is minimal research on the effects of injectable PrEP and pregnancy outcomes. Efforts to increase accessibility to women who are at risk for HIV are necessary for reducing rates of global HIV infections.

• #6 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/hiv-aids/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep.html

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a way for people who do not have HIV, but who are at substantial risk of getting it, to prevent HIV infection by taking a pill every day. […] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance recommends PrEP be offered to individuals with ongoing, very high risk for acquiring HIV infection. […] PrEP may be a good choice if you are HIV-negative and any of the following apply: Have a sexual partner with HIV, Have a drug injection partner with HIV, Have not used condoms regularly, Have been diagnosed with an STD in the last six months, Share drug injecting equipment (needles, cookers, syringes, etc.), Have been prescribed non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and have continued risk behavior or have used multiple courses of PEP. […] There are multiple medications currently approved for use as PrEP, including Truvada, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (generic), Descovy, and Apretude.

• #7 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiv-pre-exposure-prophylaxis

  In a systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies with over 18,000 participants, oral PrEP was associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection compared with placebo or no PrEP. In six trials where adherence to PrEP was ≥70 percent, the benefit was more pronounced. […] All sexually active patients should receive education about HIV PrEP. Clinicians should also obtain a detailed sexual and drug use history to assess the patient’s risk of acquiring HIV and determine eligibility for PrEP. […] We recommend PrEP for the following patient groups who are at highest risk of acquiring HIV through sexual activity: persons who have a sexual partner with uncontrolled HIV, MSM and transgender women who have sex with men if they engage in insertive or receptive condomless anal sex with multiple or anonymous sex partners, and heterosexually active persons from regions with generalized HIV epidemics who engage in condomless sex with partners of unknown HIV status.

• #7 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiv-pre-exposure-prophylaxis

  All patients should have plasma HIV testing prior to receiving PrEP to be certain that they do not have undiagnosed HIV infection. […] Patients who are being considered for PrEP should be screened for common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Patients should be counseled regarding the importance of taking their medication as prescribed in order to achieve adequate drug concentrations. […] Patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection and seek medical attention if such symptoms develop so they can be tested for HIV and initiate appropriate therapy as soon as possible if seroconversion occurs. […] Patients receiving PrEP should have regular follow-up with a medical provider. […] Patients receiving PrEP should be monitored on a regular basis for evidence of acute HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and toxicity to the regimen.

• #7 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiv-pre-exposure-prophylaxis

  Patients should continue PrEP as long as they remain at risk for acquiring HIV. […] PrEP should ideally be continued as long as the risk of infection exists. However, some patients may want to discontinue PrEP even though they remain at risk for HIV. […] A vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an HIV prevention modality and is available in some European and African countries.

• #8 Preventing HIV by Taking One Pill Once a Day: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/general/prep/faqs.htm

  PrEP and PEP […] Preventing HIV by Taking One Pill Once a Day: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) […] Yes. PrEP (short for HIV Pr e E xposure P rophylaxis) involves working with a healthcare provider to make an individualized plan to take medication to prevent HIV. Clinical trials have shown that PrEP is 99% effective at reducing sexual transmission of HIV. As of January 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved three medications as PrEP for HIV: […] Truvada (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg) […] NYS Clinical Guidelines identify Truvada as a preferred oral regimen for daily or on-demand dosing. […] Descovy (tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg) […] NYS Clinical Guidelines identify Descovy as an alternative oral regimen used only in daily dosing for cisgender MSM and transgender women. Descovy is not approved for use by cis-gender women and is not for use during pregnancy.

• #8 Preventing HIV by Taking One Pill Once a Day: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/general/prep/faqs.htm

  Apretude (Long-acting injectable cabotegravir 600 mg) […] NYS Clinical Guidelines identify Apretude as a preferred regimen. Apretude is generally not an option during pregnancy. Not all clinical settings are prepared to administer long-acting injectable PrEP. […] PrEP medication is prescribed by a healthcare provider. People interested in PrEP can work with a healthcare provider to determine how PrEP can be tailored to their individual needs and circumstances. […] PrEP is only for people who are not living with HIV. HIV testing should be conducted before starting PrEP and repeated every three months if the person has chosen oral PrEP. Testing may be done by the healthcare provider or at a conveniently located community-based organization (CBO), healthcare facility or lab. If a person has chosen injectable PrEP, HIV testing is done every 8 weeks during the visit for the injection.

• #9 Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-for-HIV-prevention

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an oral medication that prevents HIV in people at risk of infection with the virus. […] PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV by up to 99% when taken as prescribed. […] PrEP can also be taken when you need it (known as PrEP on-demand). It is important to see a GP for guidance on how to follow the strict dosage instructions for protection against HIV. […] PrEP is for HIV-negative people at risk of HIV infection. […] Speak with your doctor to see if PrEP is your best option to prevent HIV. […] Studies show that PrEP is highly effective in preventing HIV when taken consistently as prescribed. It can reduce the risk of getting HIV by up to 99%. […] PrEP must be taken as prescribed for maximum effective protection. […] It is important to have a sexual health test every 3 months while on PrEP, even if you have no symptoms. […] Other than PrEP, HIV transmission can also be prevented by: Using condoms (including female or internal condoms) with water or silicone-based lubricant during anal or vaginal sex. […] Speak to your GP or sexual health clinician for more information.

• #10 HIV Prevention Medication | State of Alaska | Department of Health

  https://health.alaska.gov/en/education/hiv-prevention-medication/

  There are three usage options: Daily PrEP: For consistent protection against unpredictable exposures, On-Demand PrEP: For men who have sex with men, involving pills taken before and after specific exposures, Long-Acting Injectable PrEP: Administered by a healthcare provider every 8 weeks. […] PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a medication taken to prevent HIV infection after a potential exposure. It must be started within 72 hours of exposure and taken daily for 28 days. […] If taken correctly within 72 hours of exposure, PEP is highly effective in preventing HIV infection. Starting sooner increases its effectiveness. […] The CDC recommends a 28-day regimen of three antiretroviral drugs, such as: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + emtricitabine (FTC) once daily, combined with raltegravir (RAL) or dolutegravir (DTG). […] Most people experience mild side effects, such as fatigue or gastrointestinal discomfort. Discuss concerns with your provider.

• #11 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) | CATIE – Canada’s source for HIV and hepatitis C information

  https://www.catie.ca/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep-0

  Daily PrEP is recommended as an option for anyone who may be at risk for HIV through sex or from sharing injection drug use equipment. On-demand PrEP (also known as PrEP 2-1-1) is recommended as an option to prevent getting HIV through sex for cisgender (cis) men including gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) and heterosexual men and for transgender (trans) women. […] This form of PrEP is recommended as an option for anyone who may be at risk for HIV through sex. […] PrEP interferes with the pathways that HIV uses to cause a permanent infection. For HIV to cause infection the virus must enter the body, infect certain immune cells, make copies of itself (replicate) within these immune cells, then spread throughout the body. When PrEP is taken consistently and correctly, antiretroviral medication gets into the bloodstream and genital and rectal tissues. The medication works to prevent HIV from replicating within the bodys immune cells, which helps to prevent a permanent infection.

• #12 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/prep

  At your first healthcare visit, you will be asked questions to help you see if PrEP is a good fit. This includes questions about your sexual behaviors, types of partners, and medical history. In order to get on PrEP, you must take HIV and STD tests, have your kidney function checked, and be assessed for hepatitis B and C infections. Your healthcare provider will help with any STD treatments and work with you to address any health concerns. […] After you start taking PrEP daily, you must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis. Every three to six months, s/he will see how you are doing on the medicines, discuss any side effects, and ask about how often you are taking PrEP. At these visits, you will be re-tested for HIV, STDs, and kidney function.

• #12 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/prep

  PrEP is safe for women and does not interfere with hormonal birth control or hormone therapy. PrEP can be used during conception and pregnancy. PrEP only works in preventing HIV. Condom use is recommended to protect against STDs and pregnancy. […] PrEP is free for many people through health insurance and assistance programs. If you do not have insurance, you can get help paying for PrEP from: Manufacturer drug and co-pay assistance, Patient Access Network Foundation, Patient Advocate Foundation. […] Most people on PrEP do not report any side effects. The most common side effects are nausea, upset stomach, fatigue and headaches during the first month of taking PrEP; these symptoms usually get better or go away. Your healthcare provider can help you manage any side effects. […] You can get PrEP from your physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant; you just have to ask for it by name. If your provider is not familiar with PrEP, you can direct them to the CDC PrEP information page.

• #12 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/prep

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a pill taken daily to prevent HIV. Daily PrEP use reduces the risk of getting HIV through sex by about 99%. Daily PrEP use also reduces the risk of getting HIV through injection drug use by more than 70%. Two medications are approved for daily use as PrEP to help prevent a person without HIV from getting the virus from sex or injection drug use. PrEP is safe and effective for adults and adolescents weighing above 35 kilograms (77 pounds). […] PrEP works best when taken as prescribed and when it is used with other prevention options. When you combine options, you further reduce the risk of getting HIV from another person. Combination prevention lets you decide which prevention option(s) are best for your lifestyle. […] PrEP is for people who are at very high risk of getting HIV, including those who: Have condomless sex, Have sex high or while intoxicated, Trade sex for money, drugs, or a place to stay, Want extra protection from HIV, Have had an STD (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) in the past 12 months, Have sex with people who are living with HIV or whose status you do not know, Inject drugs or share works, Can commit to taking a daily pill.

• #13 7 Things to Know About PrEP, the Medication That Prevents HIV | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/7-things-to-know-about-prep-the-medication-that-prevents-hiv

  It’s important to know that PrEP doesn’t work right away. You must take the pills every day for at least 7 days for it to reach full effectiveness against HIV exposure from anal sex. […] While taking PrEP you should continue to use condoms and birth control, if needed. […] You should be on PrEP for as long as you’re at risk for HIV and as long as you remain HIV-negative. […] If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, you’re right to wonder whether a medication might harm you or your baby. Fortunately, research has shown that PrEP pills are safe to take during these times. […] PrEP is more affordable and accessible than ever. […] Thankfully, most health insurance and Medicaid plans are now required to cover PrEP. […] That’s why HIV prevention deserves to be a routine conversation among ob-gyns and patients right up there with birth control, breast exams, and vaccines. […] Your health is that important, and prevention truly is the best medicine.

• #14 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  PrEP does not provide 100% protection, but it is highly effective and provides a great deal of protection against HIV. In some recent studies, PrEP has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV infection during sex by 99% when used consistently. […] Taking PrEP every day is recommended because daily use of PrEP is effective, safe and the most convenient approach. Daily PrEP use provides the highest amount of medication in the blood and body tissues and, thus, the highest level of protection. If you take PrEP daily, you may still be protected, even if you miss a dose once in a while. […] Time is needed to build up protective levels of the medicine in the blood and other tissues. Additional HIV prevention should be taken for the first seven days when starting PrEP. […] PrEP is for people in situations and times in their lives when they may have a high risk of HIV infection. PrEP may offer you a way to help manage your risk of getting HIV.

• #14 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  Most of these risks will be greater in places where HIV prevalence is high. […] People who already have HIV should not take PrEP. Instead, they should be offered antiretroviral therapy. […] PrEP does not require the use of condoms to be effective. However, condoms provide additional protection against HIV and protect you from other sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies: […] PrEP does not prevent sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and hepatitis. […] PrEP is relatively new. Although an increasing number of clinics are offering it, it may be difficult to find a clinic that offers it in your area and in some countries PrEP is not currently available.

• #15 PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/prep.html

  PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is when someone who does not have HIV takes medicines to lower their chances of getting HIV. Sometimes, this medicine is taken by mouth every day, and sometimes it’s given as an injection every 2 months. […] People at risk for HIV should take PrEP, such as those who: have a sexual partner who is HIV-positive, have anal sex without a condom, have been diagnosed with an STD (sexually transmitted disease) in the past 6 months, have sex without a condom with people whose HIV status is not known, share needles with others. […] When taken correctly, PrEP prevents HIV transmission most but not all of the time. In addition to taking the PrEP medicine, using a condom every time and for every form of sex (vaginal, oral, anal) helps prevent HIV and other STDs.

• #16 The Basics of HIV Prevention | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/basics-hiv-prevention

  Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) refers to taking a short course (28 days) of HIV medicines within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent HIV infection. PEP should be used only in emergency situations and it is not meant for regular use by people who may be exposed to HIV frequently. […] Prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV: Pregnant women with HIV take HIV medicines for their own health and to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV. After birth, babies receive HIV medicine to protect them from infection with any HIV that may have passed from mother to child during childbirth.

• #16 The Basics of HIV Prevention | NIH

  https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/basics-hiv-prevention

  Protect yourself from HIV: Use condoms correctly every time you have sex, use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if you believe you are likely to be exposed to HIV, and avoid sharing drug injection equipment. If you are exposed to HIV and haven’t taken PrEP, consider taking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 72 hours of HIV exposure. […] Protect others if you have HIV: Take HIV medicine (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) as prescribed by your doctor. When taken as prescribed, HIV medicines can eliminate nearly any risk that you will transmit HIV to your partner through sex. […] Prevent perinatal transmission: If you have HIV, take or continue taking HIV medicines throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Consider using PrEP if you have a partner with HIV and plan on getting pregnant. […] Talk to your health care provider about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP is an HIV prevention option if you do not have HIV but are at an increased risk of getting HIV (for example, if your partner has HIV or if you inject drugs).

• #17 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  PEP (or post-exposure prophylaxis) involves taking anti-HIV drugs very soon after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent HIV. […] HIV PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is a short course of HIV medicines taken very soon after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent the virus from taking hold in your body. […] You must start it within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV, or it wont work. Every hour counts! […] PEP should be used only in emergency situations. It is not meant for regular use by people who may be exposed to HIV frequently. […] PEP may be right for you if you are HIV-negative or dont know your HIV status, and you think you may have been exposed to HIV in the last 72 hours. […] If you think you were recently exposed to HIV, contact a health care provider immediately or go to an emergency room or urgent care clinic right away.

• #17 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  If you are prescribed PEP, you will need to take the HIV medicines every day for 28 days. It is important to take all the doses as prescribed to give PEP the best chance of working. […] PEP is effective in preventing HIV infection when its taken correctly, but its not 100% effective. The sooner you start PEP after a possible HIV exposure, the better. […] While taking PEP, its important to use other HIV prevention methods, such as using condoms the right way, every time you have sex and using only new, sterile needles and works when injecting drugs. […] PEP should be used only in emergency situations. It is not intended to replace regular use of other HIV prevention methods. If you feel that you might be exposed to HIV frequently, talk to your health care professional about PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). […] In many states, PEP is covered by health insurance, including Medicaid.

• #18 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Benefits & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a combination of medications you take to prevent an HIV infection after you’ve been exposed. […] PEP is only meant for emergencies. It’s not meant for long-term protection against repeated HIV exposure. If you’re at high risk for HIV exposure, talk to a healthcare provider about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). […] You need to start post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV no later than 72 hours (three days) after: Unprotected vaginal or anal sex (including forcible sex or assault) with someone who has or might have HIV. […] You need to take PEP medications every day for the full 28 days for them to be effective. If you stop taking them too soon or skip doses, it increases your chances of getting an HIV infection. […] Studies suggest that PEP reduces your risk of getting HIV by over 80%.

• #18 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Benefits & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  One risk of PEP is that you’ll miss doses or not be able to take the medication as directed. This means the treatment might not be as effective at preventing an HIV infection. […] HIV exposure is a medical emergency. If you think you’ve been exposed, get emergency medical attention. […] PEP usually isn’t recommended if it’s been longer than 72 hours since your exposure to HIV. But talk to a healthcare provider right away if you were exposed to HIV even if you’re past the three-day mark. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis is an emergency treatment that can prevent a chronic infection. It’s important that you start it within 72 hours and take it as your provider directs for the full 28 days.

• #19 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/treatments/pep.html

  Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) involves taking anti-HIV medications as soon as possible after you may have been exposed to HIV to try to reduce the chance of becoming HIV positive. These medications keep HIV from making copies of itself and spreading through your body. […] To be effective, PEP must begin within 72 hours of exposure, before the virus has time to make too many copies of itself in your body. PEP consists of 2-3 antiretroviral medications and should be taken for 28 days. […] PEP is not a substitute for other proven HIV prevention methods, such as correct and consistent condom use or use of sterile injection equipment. […] Because PEP is not 100% effective, you should continue to use condoms with sex partners while taking PEP and should not use injection equipment that has been used by others. This will help avoid spreading the virus to others if you become infected.

• #20 Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Definition, Side Effects, and Medications

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a medicine you take after you’ve come into contact with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, to lower your chance of infection. […] You must start PEP within 72 hours (3 days) after you were exposed to HIV. The sooner you start it, the better. If you start it 3 days or more after exposure, it has little to no effect. […] PEP may help: People who think they might have been exposed to HIV during sex, People who have been sexually assaulted, Drug users who recently shared needles or other related items, Health care workers who think they’ve been exposed to HIV on the job. […] If you think you were exposed to HIV, go to the hospital or see your doctor as soon as possible. They can help you figure out whether you need PEP. […] The same drugs that treat HIV can fight the virus as it tries to infect you. These medications are called antiretrovirals. They work by stopping HIV from copying itself and settling in your body.

• #20 Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Definition, Side Effects, and Medications

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/post-exposure-prophylaxis

  PEP is a combination of three drugs. You take them once or twice a day for 28 days: For adults, the CDC recommends tenofovir, emtricitabine (these two drugs come in one pill), and a third drug, either raltegravir or dolutegravir. […] If you’re on PEP, use condoms when you have sex to lower the chances of getting HIV again or spreading it if you are already infected. […] PEP is only for emergencies. Don’t use it in place of safe sex or new sterile needles. […] If you’re exposed to HIV a lot for example, if you have multiple sex partners or use injected drugs talk with your doctor about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). That’s a medicine you take every day to keep HIV from taking hold in your body. […] It’s hard to measure exactly how well PEP works, but it could lower your risk of getting HIV by over 80%. How well it works depends a lot on whether you take PEP every day for 28 days and avoid any more HIV exposure. If you use PEP correctly and consistently, its effectiveness could be higher than 80%.

• #21 Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV prevention | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-HIV-prevention

  PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is an anti-viral medication to prevent HIV infection if you suspect you may have been exposed to the virus. […] PEP must be started within 72 hours of an exposure to HIV and be taken correctly over a 28-day treatment period to be effective. […] PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is taken after a known or suspected exposure to HIV to prevent HIV infection. […] If exposure to HIV is through a person with HIV who has an undetectable viral load, PEP is not recommended, as there is no risk of transmission. […] PEP is available from: the emergency department of most public hospitals, sexual health clinics, some general practice clinics which specialise in sexual health. […] Important things to remember about PEP: Must be started within 72 hours of potential exposure. Must be taken every day for 28 days to work. It does not protect against other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) such as syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia.

• #22 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hiv-aids/pep

  PEP is a series of pills you can start taking very soon after you’ve been exposed to HIV that lowers your chances of getting it. […] But you have to start PEP within 72 hours, or 3 days, after you were exposed to HIV, or it won’t work. The sooner you start, the better it works every hour matters. […] PEP is for people who may have been exposed to HIV in the last 3 days. PEP might be right for you if: You had sex with someone who may have HIV and didn’t use a condom, or the condom broke. […] PEP is for emergencies. It can’t take the place of proven, ongoing ways to prevent HIV like using condoms, taking PrEP (a daily pill that lowers your chances of getting HIV), and not sharing needles or works. […] PEP isn’t just a one-time pill it’s a regimen where you take many pills over many weeks. If your nurse or doctor gives you PEP, you’ll need to take medicine 1-2 times a day for at least 28 days (4 weeks).

• #23

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

  HIV can be prevented and treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Untreated HIV can progress to AIDS, often after many years. […] HIV is a preventable disease. Reduce the risk of HIV infection by: using a male or female condom during sex, being tested for HIV and sexually transmitted infections, having a voluntary medical male circumcision, using harm reduction services for people who inject and use drugs. […] Doctors may suggest medicines and medical devices to help prevent HIV infection, including antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), including oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and long acting products, dapivirine vaginal rings, injectable long acting cabotegravir. […] ARVs can also be used to prevent mothers from passing HIV to their children. […] People taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and who have no evidence of virus in the blood will not pass HIV to their sexual partners. Access to testing and ART is an important part of preventing HIV.

• #24

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/prevention/

  There are many effective ways to prevent or reduce the risk of HIV infection. Speak to your local sexual health clinic or a GP for further advice about the best way to reduce your risk. […] Having an undetectable viral load for 6 months or more means it is not possible to pass the virus on during sex. This is called undetectable=untransmittable (U=U), which can also be referred to as „treatment as prevention”. […] A condom is the most effective form of protection against HIV and other STIs. It can be used for vaginal and anal sex, and for oral sex performed on men. […] It’s very important condoms are put on before any sexual contact occurs between the penis, vagina, mouth or anus. […] Lubricant can make sex safer by reducing the risk of vaginal or anal tears caused by dryness or friction, and can also prevent a condom tearing. […] If you’re HIV negative, you may be able to take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medicine to reduce your risk of getting the virus. […] PrEP is available for some people who are at high risk of HIV infection for example, those whose partner is HIV positive.

• #25 HIV and AIDS: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/prevention-risks.html

  There are several treatments that prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] While treatment can prevent HIV transmission, you should still protect yourself against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as: […] Other methods of protection, such as condoms, can help prevent STIs. […] HIV treatment improves the health of people living with HIV and is a highly effective strategy to prevent HIV transmission. […] People living with HIV who are on treatment, engaged in care and maintain a suppressed viral load have no risk of transmitting HIV to their sexual partners. […] This is also known as „Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U = U). […] People who are HIV-negative can take medication called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to help prevent them from getting HIV.

• #25 HIV and AIDS: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/prevention-risks.html

  When PrEP is used consistently and correctly, it’s rare for HIV to be transmitted through sex. […] Medication called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) reduces the risk of contracting HIV. […] PEP is very effective but won’t prevent 100% of HIV infections. […] Because the most common way to transmit HIV is through sexual activity, using condoms can reduce your risk of contracting or transmitting the virus. […] If you inject drugs, you can reduce the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV by following safe injection practices. […] If you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant, you and your partner should be tested for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs), including HIV. […] Even if you have HIV, you have effectively no risk of transmitting the virus to your baby if you:

• #26 Health: HIV/STI/Viral Hepatitis: HIV Prevention

  https://www.in.gov/health/hiv-std-viral-hepatitis/hiv-prevention/

  PrEP provides a significant reduction in HIV risk for HIV-negative individuals who take the pill every day as directed. […] People who use PrEP correctly and consistently have higher levels of protection against HIV. […] A person living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who has an undetectable viral load (under 200 copies/mL) cannot transmit HIV through sex. […] People with HIV who take HIV medicine as prescribed and get and keep an undetectable viral load will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex. This is sometimes called treatment as prevention or undetectable = untransmittable (U=U).

• #26 Health: HIV/STI/Viral Hepatitis: HIV Prevention

  https://www.in.gov/health/hiv-std-viral-hepatitis/hiv-prevention/

  HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV. The only way to know if you are infected with HIV is to be tested. Currently, there is no effective cure for HIV; however, HIV can be controlled with proper medical care. […] An HIV test is the only way to know if you or a partner has HIV. There are an estimated 1.2 million people in the United States have HIV, including about 158,500 people who are unaware of their status. Nearly 40% of new HIV infections are transmitted by people who dont know they have the virus. For people with undiagnosed HIV, testing is the first step in maintaining a healthy life and preventing HIV transmission. […] CDC recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested at least once as a part of their routine health care. People with higher risk factors, such as more than one sex partner, other STDs, gay and bisexual men and individuals who inject drugs should be tested at least once a year.

• #27 HIV prevention

  https://womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention

  Today, it is possible to prevent getting an HIV infection or passing the virus to your partner or baby. […] The best way to prevent HIV is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex or share needles at any time. Sharing needles for any reason is very risky. […] Male latex condoms are the most effective way to prevent HIV and other STIs when you have sex. […] PrEP is an HIV prevention method for people who do not have HIV infection but who may be at high risk. PrEP is a pill you take by mouth every day. […] PEP is an anti-HIV medicine for people who may have been very recently exposed to HIV. […] If you are HIV-positive, taking antiretroviral (ARV) medicine can reduce your viral load (the amount of HIV in your blood) to keep you healthy. […] If you inject drugs or medicines, follow these steps to lower your risk of getting HIV: Never reuse or „share” needles, syringes, water, or drug preparation equipment.

• #27 HIV prevention

  https://womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention

  If you are getting treatment for HIV, the answer is most likely no. When HIV medicine is used consistently and correctly, a pregnant woman living with HIV who is treated for HIV early in her pregnancy can lower the risk of delivering a baby with HIV to less than 1%. […] If you have HIV, do not breastfeed. […] One way to help protect your children from HIV is to talk to them about HIV, AIDS, and the sexual behaviors that raise their risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

• #28 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids

  HIV is treated with a combination of medicines (pills) taken by mouth every day. This combination of pills is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] The best way to reduce your risk of HIV is to be aware of how it spreads and protect yourself during certain activities. Having sex without a condom and sharing needles to take drugs are the most common ways that HIV spreads. […] There are medications that can help prevent HIV in people who have been exposed or are at high risk for exposure. These include pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). […] PrEP is a pill you take every day if you don’t have HIV but are at high risk of getting infected. […] PEP uses HIV medicines to try to prevent an HIV infection soon after you are exposed. PEP is for those who don’t have HIV or don’t know if they have HIV and think they’ve been exposed through consensual sex, sexual assault, shared needles (or other equipment), or work. […] If you’re pregnant and have HIV, following your treatment plan, including ART medications, can reduce your risk of transmitting the virus to your child.

• #29 HIV Prevention | Let’s Stop HIV Together | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html

  Today, more tools than ever are available to prevent HIV, other STIs, and mpox and it starts with knowing your status. […] You can use strategies such as abstinence (not having sex), never sharing needles, and using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] You may also be able to take advantage of HIV prevention medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). […] Condoms are highly effective at preventing both HIV and other STDs. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can greatly reduce your risk of HIV. […] PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) means taking medicine to prevent HIV after a possible exposure. […] HIV Treatment keeps you healthy and protects others. […] Knowing your HIV status helps you choose options to stay healthy. […] There are many ways to lower your chances of getting HIV from injection drug use.

• #30 HIV – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/aids-hiv.page

  Visit an NYC Sexual Health Clinic or use the NYC Health Map to find HIV testing and treatment, and PrEP, emergency PEP and condoms to prevent HIV. […] Get tested for HIV at least once a year to protect yourself and your sex partners. Getting tested is the only way to know if you have HIV. […] Take PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) to prevent HIV. PrEP is safe and effective medicine and is available as a daily pill or an injection you get every two months. […] Take emergency PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) to prevent HIV if you may have been exposed. Start emergency PEP as soon as possible, and no more than 72 hours after exposure. […] Use condoms. When used consistently and correctly, condoms prevent HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy. […] If you inject drugs, avoid sharing syringes and other equipment to prevent HIV and hepatitis C.

• #31 Preexposure prophylaxis for preventing HIV infection: Routine practice in primary care | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/6/361

  Although there is no indication for PrEP for reducing HIV risk from injection drug use with shared syringes or injection equipment within the past 6 months, guidelines note that patients who engage in such activity likely benefit from these medications. […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend that MSM, persons who inject drugs, patients with an HIV-positive sexual partner, and persons at substantial risk of HIV transmission have annual HIV testing. […] Documented, confirmed negative HIV-testing results within the week are required before starting PrEP therapy, and HIV testing should be repeated at intervals after PrEP initiation. […] Patients on oral PrEP should follow-up every 3 months for HIV testing, screening for sexually transmitted infections, and support for medication adherence and risk-reducing behaviors. […] Primary care clinicians are strategically positioned to deliver sexual healthcare, including PrEP therapy, to their communities.

• #32 HIV prevention | UNAIDS

  https://www.unaids.org/en/topic/prevention

  No single prevention method or approach can stop the HIV epidemic on its own. Several methods and interventions have proved highly effective in reducing the risk of, and protecting against, HIV infection, including male and female condoms, the use of antiretroviral medicines as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC), behaviour change interventions to reduce the number of sexual partners, the use of clean needles and syringes, opiate substitution therapy (e.g. methadone) and the treatment of people living with HIV to reduce viral load and prevent onward transmission. […] Despite the availability of this widening array of effective HIV prevention tools and methods and a massive scale-up of HIV treatment in recent years, new infections among adults globally have not decreased sufficiently. The 2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending AIDS target is to reduce new HIV infections to fewer than 500 000 by 2020, from more than 1.8 million in 2016.

• #33 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hiv-aids/prep

  PrEP can also lower your chances of getting HIV from sharing needles by more than 70%. […] PrEP doesnt prevent other sexually transmitted infections, like gonorrhea and chlamydia. So use condoms along with PrEP to help you avoid other STDs and give you extra protection against HIV. […] You can get PrEP from some health clinics or Planned Parenthood health centers, local health departments, and doctors offices. […] Its really important to go to these follow-up appointments to make sure youre healthy and HIV-free. […] PrEP is not a treatment for HIV in fact, taking PrEP when you have HIV can actually make the virus harder to treat. […] Most health insurance plans, including Medicaid, cover PrEP. […] If you dont have health insurance, you can still get help paying for PrEP. […] The staff at your nearest Planned Parenthood health center can help you apply for health insurance or assistance programs that can make PrEP affordable for you.

• #34

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/prevention

  Global HIV Programme The WHO Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes leads the development and implementation of the global health sector strategy on the elimination of HIV as a public health threat. […] WHO recommends a combination prevention approach, tailored to the population and reflecting the epidemiology of the setting. […] Combination prevention programmes are rights-based, evidence-informed, and community owned programmes that use a mix of biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions, prioritized to meet the HIV prevention needs of individuals and communities, to have the greatest sustained impact on reducing new infections. […] WHO supports the appropriate integration of hepatitis and sexually transmitted infection prevention, testing and treatment and the inclusion of services which address the sexual and reproductive health and mental health issues, that are also critical to acceptable and effective programming. […] This site organizes WHO guidance and resources by the five preventions pillar which include condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC).

• #35

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hiv-prevention-medication-prep-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-awareness/

  CDC data also shows a stunning disparity among people considered at risk for HIV. […] While 94% of White people who doctors say could benefit from it are now on PrEP, less than 13% of Black people and 24% of Hispanic/Latino people who could benefit are receiving it, and less than 15% of women at risk are getting the drug. […] The cost of the PrEP medication, clinic visit and lab tests averages more than $5,000 a year, Gounder says. […] This creates accessibility challenges for people like Wilkins. […] A federal appeals court case could also limit insurance for PrEP, with some employers arguing they shouldn’t have to pay for drugs that „facilitate behaviors … contrary to” the employer’s „sincere religious beliefs.” […] You also have Gilead that’s a company that makes these combination pills for PrEP they’re looking to narrow their patient assistance program by the end of 2024.

• #35

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hiv-prevention-medication-prep-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-awareness/

  Despite highly effective HIV prevention drugs on the market, only a fraction of those at risk in the U.S. are taking them or even know they’re an option. […] It’s called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, and it is about 99% effective to prevent HIV infection through sexual contact when taken as prescribed. But only about one-third of the 1.2 million Americans who could benefit from the medication are taking it, according to an estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] Dr. Cline Gounder, a CBS News medical contributor and editor-at-large for public health at KFF Health News, says those considered to be at risk for HIV and who may want to get on PrEP include: People who are having unprotected sex AND who have a partner who has HIV; OR who have multiple sexual partners who have not been tested for HIV; OR who have had an STD in the last six months.

• #36 PrEP Facts: Introduction & FAQ – San Francisco AIDS Foundation

  https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/prep-facts-introduction-faq/

  PrEP is very effective at preventing HIV, but it’s not 100% protective. A handful of HIV transmissions have been reported worldwide since 2012 in people who were taking PrEP consistently and as prescribed. All were in men who have sex with men. […] Although rare infections are possible, PrEP is still highly effective at preventing HIV when taken correctly. […] What new forms of PrEP are being studied? An exciting field of clinical research is looking at different ways that people can take PrEP. These include oral pills, injections, vaginal rings and films, vaginal and rectal gels, enemas, skin patches, and implants.

• #37 Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep

  In terms of which type of PrEP is most effective in preventing HIV infection, studies show that PrEP pills and injections are both extremely effective when they are taken consistently, as prescribed. […] Nonetheless, in studies, the fewest HIV infections were in people taking injectable PrEP perhaps because it was more difficult to miss doses. […] The dapivirine vaginal ring has provided a lower level of protection than other types of PrEP. […] It does not provide protection during anal sex.

• #38 HIV – Improving Treatment, Prevention, & Diagnosis

  https://www.gatesfoundation.org/our-work/programs/global-health/hiv

  While substantial progress has been made in increasing access to HIV treatment and new cases of HIV have declined substantially in some regions, controlling the epidemic will require improved efforts to increase the number of people living with HIV who know their status, as well as the effective use of better treatment and prevention measures. […] Accelerating progress will require a renewed commitment to the HIV response.

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