Wirus hiv (ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności) i aids (zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności)
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Wirus HIV, będący retrowirusem atakującym limfocyty CD4+ (komórki T pomocnicze), prowadzi do osłabienia układu odpornościowego, co skutkuje rozwojem AIDS przy spadku liczby komórek CD4+ poniżej 200 komórek/mm³. Terapia antyretrowirusowa (ART) jest kluczowa w kontroli zakażenia, zmniejszając obciążenie wirusowe i zapobiegając progresji do AIDS. WHO rekomenduje zespoły pielęgniarskie do rozszerzenia diagnostyki i opieki, w tym inicjowanie ART, zarządzanie infekcjami oportunistycznymi oraz wsparcie psychoneurologiczne. Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę w edukacji pacjentów na temat transmisji HIV, zasad „niewykrywalny = nieprzekazywalny” (U=U), monitorowaniu parametrów immunologicznych i wirusologicznych oraz w promowaniu adherencji do leczenia. Opieka domowa prowadzona przez pielęgniarki poprawia przestrzeganie terapii, choć nie wpływa bezpośrednio na poziom wirusa.

  1. Wirus HIV (ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności) i AIDS (zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności) – wprowadzenie
  2. Rola pielęgniarstwa w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Główne interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    2. Kompleksowa opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z HIV/AIDS
  3. Interdyscyplinarne podejście do opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Priorytety opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
  4. Medyczne aspekty opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Diagnostyka i monitorowanie HIV
    2. Terapia antyretrowirusowa (ART)
    3. Skutki uboczne leczenia HIV
  5. Zapobieganie infekcjom i powikłaniom
    1. Zalecenia profilaktyczne dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
    2. Profilaktyka transmisji HIV
  6. Psychospołeczne aspekty opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Wsparcie psychologiczne dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
    2. Edukacja i redukcja stygmatyzacji
  7. Kontinuum opieki nad HIV
    1. Elementy skutecznej opieki nad pacjentem z HIV
  8. Modele opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Opieka domowa prowadzona przez pielęgniarki
    2. Pacjent w centrum opieki: model San Francisco
  9. Problemy zdrowotne związane z HIV/AIDS
    1. Problemy związane z odżywianiem
    2. Problemy ze skórą
    3. Problemy związane z infekcjami oportunistycznymi
  10. Opieka pielęgnacji paliatywnej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
    1. Cele opieki paliatywnej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
    2. Rola pielęgniarki w opiece paliatywnej nad pacjentem z HIV/AIDS
  11. Systemy wsparcia i zasoby dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS
    1. Programy rządowe i systemy wsparcia
    2. Organizacje i zasoby wsparcia
  12. Specjalizacja pielęgniarek w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS
    1. Certyfikacja i specjalizacje w pielęgniarstwie HIV/AIDS
    2. Role i obowiązki pielęgniarek specjalizujących się w opiece nad HIV/AIDS
  13. Najnowsze trendy i badania w opiece nad HIV/AIDS
    1. Postępy w leczeniu HIV
    2. Badania nad szczepionkami i przyszłe kierunki
  14. Znaczenie opieki pielęgniarskiej w zarządzaniu HIV/AIDS
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Wirus HIV (ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności) i AIDS (zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności) – wprowadzenie

Wirus HIV (ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności) jest retrowirusem, który wnika do organizmu przez krew lub płyny ustrojowe i atakuje limfocyty CD4+ (komórki pomocnicze T), powodując niedobór odporności, autoimmunologię i dysfunkcję neurologiczną1. HIV osłabia układ odpornościowy niszcząc komórki T-CD4, przez co organizm staje się niezdolny do zwalczania nawet drobnych infekcji2. AIDS (zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności) jest końcowym i najpoważniejszym stadium zakażenia HIV, które występuje, gdy wirus poważnie uszkodził układ odpornościowy, a liczba komórek CD4+ spada poniżej 200 komórek/mm³34.

Istotne jest rozróżnienie między HIV a AIDS – HIV jest wirusem, który osłabia układ odpornościowy, natomiast AIDS jest stanem, który może rozwinąć się w wyniku zakażenia HIV, gdy układ odpornościowy jest już poważnie osłabiony5. Bez leczenia, zakażenia HIV zazwyczaj postępują do AIDS w ciągu około 8-10 lat6. Dzięki odpowiedniemu leczeniu większość osób z HIV w krajach rozwiniętych nie rozwija AIDS7.

Rola pielęgniarstwa w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) zaleca wdrażanie zespołów prowadzonych przez pielęgniarki w celu rozszerzenia testów diagnostycznych i opieki klinicznej nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS. Pielęgniarki mogą skutecznie inicjować terapię antyretrowirusową, zarządzać niekomplikowanymi zakażeniami oportunistycznymi oraz zapewniać podstawową opiekę w zakresie zdrowia psychicznego i neurologicznego8. Opieka domowa prowadzona przez pielęgniarki poprawia adherencję do terapii antyretrowirusowej (ART)910.

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS jest wyzwaniem ze względu na potencjalne zaangażowanie dowolnego układu narządów jako celu infekcji lub nowotworu11. Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w identyfikacji potencjalnych czynników ryzyka, edukacji, poradnictwie oraz wsparciu leczenia1213.

Główne interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w zarządzaniu pacjentami z HIV/AIDS obejmują:14

  • Zapewnienie edukacji i poradnictwa, aby informować pacjentów o HIV/AIDS i pomóc im zrozumieć, że powikłania mogą być zasadniczo zminimalizowane dzięki właściwemu leczeniu15
  • Edukowanie pacjentów o ryzyku transmisji HIV, jeśli poziom wirusa pozostaje podwyższony16
  • Podkreślanie zasady „niewykrywalny = nieprzekazywalny” (U=U), aby motywować pacjentów do przestrzegania zaleceń17
  • Monitorowanie oznak infekcji i testów laboratoryjnych wskazujących na infekcję18
  • Edukowanie pacjentów o ryzyku lekooporności w przypadku nieprzestrzegania zaleceń dotyczących leków1920
  • Zapewnienie odpowiedniego odżywiania i nawodnienia w celu łagodzenia skutków zespołu wyniszczenia związanego z HIV2122
  • Monitorowanie masy ciała i edukowanie pacjenta w zakresie zmian stylu życia, które mogą łagodzić przyrost masy ciała związany z ART23
  • Poprawa aktywności i pomoc w planowaniu codziennych rutyn utrzymujących aktywność w celu optymalizacji funkcji i równowagi24
  • Zapewnienie poradnictwa, aby pomóc pacjentowi utrzymać wsparcie społeczne25

Pielęgniarki również aktywnie uczestniczą w wykonywaniu testów na HIV z poradnictwem przed i po teście, leczeniu, zapobieganiu infekcjom oportunistycznym, zapobieganiu przenoszenia wirusa z matki na dziecko oraz dostarczaniu leków antyretrowirusowych dla osób w zaawansowanych stadiach choroby26.

Kompleksowa opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z HIV/AIDS

Plan opieki nad pacjentem z AIDS jest zindywidualizowany, aby spełnić potrzeby pacjenta27. Cele dla pacjenta z HIV/AIDS mogą obejmować:2829

  • Osiągnięcie i utrzymanie integralności skóry
  • Zapobieganie progresji choroby
  • Zarządzanie objawami
  • Zmniejszenie ryzyka powikłań i infekcji
  • Promowanie przestrzegania schematów lekowych i leczenia
  • Zapewnienie wsparcia emocjonalnego i społecznego
  • Edukowanie pacjenta i członków rodziny o HIV/AIDS, jego transmisji i profilaktyce
  • Zajmowanie się wszelkimi stygmatyzacjami lub dyskryminacją, których pacjent może doświadczać

Interdyscyplinarne podejście do opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Zarządzanie pacjentem HIV-pozytywnym jest złożone i powinno być realizowane przez interdyscyplinarny zespół opieki zdrowotnej, który obejmuje pielęgniarki, pracowników socjalnych, farmaceutów i personel kliniczny3031. Pacjenci z HIV/AIDS mogą korzystać z różnorodnych usług i pomocy za pośrednictwem pracowników socjalnych i koordynatorów opieki, którzy pomagają im poruszać się po programach rządowych, pomocy prawnej i kwestiach finansowych, umożliwiając im podejmowanie świadomych decyzji zdrowotnych32.

Włączenie rodziny i członków wsparcia, aby pomóc w przejściu pacjenta do domu, jest kluczowe dla utrzymania zgodności z opieką33. Przed wypisem pielęgniarka powinna edukować pacjenta i rodzinę na temat środków ostrożności i transmisji HIV/AIDS34.

Priorytety opieki pielęgniarskiej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Poniżej przedstawiono priorytety pielęgniarskie dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS:35

  • Inicjowanie terapii antyretrowirusowej (ART)
  • Monitorowanie i zarządzanie infekcjami oportunistycznymi
  • Zapewnienie kompleksowej opieki i wsparcia w zakresie HIV
  • Promowanie profilaktyki i bezpiecznych zachowań
  • Zajmowanie się współistniejącymi stanami zdrowotnymi
  • Oferowanie wsparcia psychospołecznego
  • Promowanie opieki profilaktycznej i badań przesiewowych
  • Wspieranie przestrzegania leczenia i utrzymania w opiece
  • Zapewnienie edukacji na temat redukcji ryzyka transmisji HIV
  • Promowanie zdrowego stylu życia

Medyczne aspekty opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Diagnostyka i monitorowanie HIV

HIV może być diagnozowany za pomocą badań krwi lub śliny36. Po zdiagnozowaniu HIV, testy mogą pomóc specjaliście określić stadium choroby i najlepsze leczenie37. Każdy zdiagnozowany z HIV powinien przyjmować leki antyretrowirusowe, znane również jako ART, niezależnie od stadium choroby czy powikłań38.

Twój lekarz będzie monitorował twój poziom wirusa i liczbę komórek CD4 T, aby ocenić twoją odpowiedź na leczenie HIV39. Regularne badania na HIV pomagają wcześnie zidentyfikować infekcję, umożliwiając wcześniejsze rozpoczęcie leczenia40.

Terapia antyretrowirusowa (ART)

Terapia antyretrowirusowa (ART) to leki przepisywane w przypadku zakażenia HIV w celu zmniejszenia obciążenia wirusowego, utrzymania liczby komórek CD4 na akceptowalnym poziomie, zapobiegania objawom związanym z HIV, opóźnienia postępu choroby i zapobiegania transmisji infekcji41. Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w edukacji pacjentów na temat ich schematów lekowych, w tym skutków ubocznych i ścisłego przestrzegania zaleceń42.

Obecnie nie ma lekarstwa na HIV/AIDS, ale dostępne są leki, które mogą kontrolować wirusa i zapobiegać komplikacjom43. Pozostawanie na ART, które utrzymuje poziom wirusa HIV we krwi na niewykrywalnym poziomie, jest najlepszym sposobem na zachowanie zdrowia44.

Pacjenci powinni rozpocząć ART jak najszybciej po pozytywnej diagnozie HIV, co może skutecznie zapobiec przekształceniu się HIV w AIDS i umożliwić pacjentowi pozostanie zdrowym przez wiele lat45.

Skutki uboczne leczenia HIV

Skutki uboczne leczenia mogą obejmować:46

  • Nudności i wymioty
  • Biegunkę
  • Zaburzenia snu
  • Suchość w ustach
  • Bóle głowy
  • Wysypkę
  • Zmęczenie
  • Problemy z lipidami (tłuszcze we krwi)

Niektóre problemy zdrowotne, które są częścią starzenia się, mogą być trudniejsze do opanowania, jeśli masz HIV47. Pielęgniarki pomagają w monitorowaniu i zarządzaniu poziomami lipidów i innymi czynnikami ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego48.

Zapobieganie infekcjom i powikłaniom

Pacjenci z HIV/AIDS są narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko infekcji z powodu osłabionego układu odpornościowego, który nie jest w stanie skutecznie zwalczać infekcji oportunistycznych49. Ważne jest, aby nauczyć pacjentów z HIV/AIDS, jak zapobiegać infekcjom, ponieważ ich układ odpornościowy jest osłabiony50.

Zalecenia profilaktyczne dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Oto kilka wskazówek dotyczących edukacji pacjentów:51

  • Powinni utrzymywać naprawdę dobrą higienę rąk, często myjąc ręce
  • Powinni kąpać się codziennie antybakteryjnym mydłem
  • Powinni unikać surowej i niedogotowanej żywności, a także świeżych roślin (potencjalne grzyby)
  • Nie powinni czyścić kuwet dla kotów (z tego samego powodu, dla którego kobiety w ciąży nie powinny czyścić kuwet dla kotów, ze względu na pasożyta Toxoplasma)
  • Powinni unikać tłumów i chorych osób

Pacjenci z HIV-pozytywnym wynikiem powinni być badani pod kątem cukrzycy, osteoporozy i raka jelita grubego w razie potrzeby52. Mogą wymagać antybiotyków lub leczenia przeciwgrzybiczego, aby zapobiec niektórym infekcjom, gdy są one połączone z niską liczbą komórek CD453.

Profilaktyka transmisji HIV

Leczenie HIV może również zapobiegać transmisji. HIV nie może być przenoszony drogą płciową, gdy osoba żyjąca z HIV jest na leczeniu i utrzymuje poziom wirusa poniżej 200 kopii na mililitr krwi54. Przed-ekspozycyjna profilaktyka HIV (PrEP) to stosowanie przepisanych leków antyretrowirusowych przez osoby, które są HIV-negatywne, aby zapobiec zakażeniu HIV55.

Po-ekspozycyjna profilaktyka HIV (PEP) to stosowanie przepisanych leków antyretrowirusowych przez osoby, które są HIV-negatywne, aby zmniejszyć ryzyko zakażenia HIV po ekspozycji wysokiego ryzyka56. W przypadku ekspozycji na HIV, PEP może zapobiec transmisji wirusa, jeśli zostanie rozpoczęta w ciągu 72 godzin i będzie kontynuowana przez 28 dni57.

Psychospołeczne aspekty opieki nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Otrzymanie diagnozy jakiejkolwiek choroby zagrażającej życiu może powodować stres58. Pacjenci zdiagnozowani z zakażeniem HIV często rozwijają zaburzenia lękowe, depresję i niską samoocenę59. Zaburzenia obrazu ciała często wiążą się z słabymi zachowaniami w zakresie samoopieki, słabym przestrzeganiem ART i ryzykownymi zachowaniami60.

Wsparcie psychologiczne dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Wsparcie psychologiczne jest zapewniane przez szeroki zakres grup zawodowych, rówieśników i nieformalnych dostawców, zarówno w warunkach klinicznych, jak i w społeczności61. Wsparcie psychologiczne pomaga pacjentom podejmować świadome decyzje, lepiej radzić sobie z chorobą i lepiej radzić sobie z dyskryminacją62.

Ponadto wsparcie psychologiczne poprawia jakość życia pacjentów z HIV i zapobiega dalszej transmisji zakażenia HIV63. Interwencje psychologiczne mogą być wykonywane przez pielęgniarki niezależnie, ponieważ posiadają umiejętności ich dostarczania64.

Pielęgniarki oferują ucho pełne współczucia, udzielają wsparcia emocjonalnego i pomagają pacjentom poruszać się po złożonej emocjonalnej podróży związanej z chorobą65. Zapewnienie wsparcia psychospołecznego jest równie istotne jak opieka medyczna dla osób żyjących z HIV66.

Edukacja i redukcja stygmatyzacji

Pielęgniarki są na pierwszej linii zwiększania świadomości o AIDS, edukując pacjentów, społeczności, a nawet decydentów politycznych o realiach choroby67. Uzbrajając ludzi w dokładne informacje, pielęgniarki pomagają przełamywać bariery i zmniejszać dyskryminację związaną z chorobą68.

HIV może wywoływać intensywne uczucia u ludzi, niezależnie od ich statusu HIV69. Czasami jest postrzegany z poczuciem nieakceptowalności lub hańby70. Przełamywanie stygmatyzacji jest odpowiedzią społeczności, w której lekarze i dostawcy opieki zdrowotnej zapewniają, że ich usługi są wolne od stygmatyzacji, i wspierają osoby z HIV w budowaniu odporności na nią71.

Kontinuum opieki nad HIV

Kontinuum opieki nad HIV jest modelem zdrowia publicznego, który nakreśla kroki lub etapy, przez które przechodzą osoby z HIV od diagnozy do osiągnięcia i utrzymania supresji wirusa (bardzo niskiej lub niewykrywalnej ilości HIV we krwi) poprzez opiekę i leczenie lekami HIV zwanymi terapią antyretrowirusową lub ART72.

Osiągnięcie i utrzymanie supresji wirusa HIV lub niewykrywalnego poziomu wirusa jest głównym celem leczenia HIV73. Badania pokazują, że osoby z HIV, które uzyskują i utrzymują niewykrywalny poziom wirusa, mogą żyć długo i zdrowo oraz nie będą przenosić HIV na swoich HIV-negatywnych partnerów przez kontakty seksualne74.

Elementy skutecznej opieki nad pacjentem z HIV

Aby osoby z HIV uzyskały te korzyści, muszą być świadome, że mają HIV, być podłączone i zaangażowane w regularną opiekę nad HIV oraz otrzymywać i przestrzegać leczenia lekami na HIV75. Osoby z HIV, które mają trwającą, regularnie zaplanowaną opiekę medyczną, wykazują lepsze wyniki zdrowotne i zwiększone bezpieczniejsze zachowania seksualne76.

Szybkie połączenie z opieką jest ważne, ponieważ może skrócić czas do supresji wirusa, co pomaga ludziom pozostać zdrowymi i zapobiega transmisji wirusa drogą płciową77. Federalne, stanowe i lokalne wydziały zdrowia, organizacje społeczne, dostawcy opieki zdrowotnej i osoby z HIV nadal używają kontinuum opieki nad HIV do mierzenia postępów w kierunku celów HIV, a także do wskazania, gdzie mogą istnieć luki w usługach łączących osoby z HIV z trwałą, jakościową opieką i leczeniem78.

Modele opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Opieka domowa prowadzona przez pielęgniarki

Opieka domowa jest wykorzystywana w wielu krajach w celu poprawy jakości życia i ograniczenia pobytu w szpitalu, szczególnie tam, gdzie publiczne usługi zdrowotne są przeciążone79. Zgłaszana adherencja do leków antyretrowirusowych poprawiła się dzięki opiece domowej prowadzonej przez pielęgniarki, ale nie wpłynęła na poziom wirusa80.

Zapewnianie opieki w domu może przezwyciężyć niektóre bariery w dostępie do opieki, takie jak koszty transportu i czas oczekiwania, oraz pomóc zmniejszyć obciążenie placówek zdrowotnych81. WHO zaleca, aby zespoły prowadzone przez pielęgniarki mogły dostarczać większość interwencji, w tym inicjowanie i monitorowanie ART, zarządzanie niepowikłanymi infekcjami oportunistycznymi i zapewnianie podstawowej opieki w zakresie zdrowia psychicznego i neurologicznego82.

Pacjent w centrum opieki: model San Francisco

W 1983 roku UCSF współpracowało z Wydziałem Zdrowia Publicznego San Francisco, aby stworzyć pierwszą klinikę ambulatoryjną poświęconą opiece nad osobami z AIDS83. Sześć miesięcy później szpital rozpoczął działalność pierwszego w kraju oddziału dla pacjentów z AIDS, znanego jako Ward 5B, który był w dużej mierze prowadzony przez pielęgniarki84.

Pielęgniarki odegrały kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS, zapewniając komfort, zarządzanie objawami i często, we wczesnych dniach choroby, opiekę paliatywną dla umierających85. To podejście do opieki skoncentrowane na pacjencie stało się znane jako Model San Francisco i wpłynęło na wiele podejść zespołowych do opieki, które istnieją do dziś86.

Problemy zdrowotne związane z HIV/AIDS

Problemy związane z odżywianiem

Zakażenie HIV wpływa na zdolność organizmu do skutecznego wchłaniania składników odżywczych z powodu różnych infekcji87. Niedożywienie, zmieniony metabolizm i utrata masy ciała spowodowane utratą apetytu i owrzodzeniami jamy ustnej są powszechne u pacjentów z zakażeniem HIV88.

Zrównoważona, zdrowa dieta pomoże utrzymać wagę pacjenta mimo objawów typowych dla HIV, które utrudniają odżywianie89. Plan opieki może obejmować następujące elementy, aby pomóc w potrzebach dietetycznych:90

  • Mierzenie przyjmowania i wydalania płynów
  • Rejestrowanie spożywanego jedzenia (liczenie kalorii)
  • Mniejsze, częstsze posiłki
  • Częste przekąski odżywcze

Problemy ze skórą

Pacjenci z AIDS mogą doświadczać naruszenia integralności skóry z powodu kilku czynników91. Niedobór odporności związany z AIDS może zwiększyć ryzyko infekcji skórnych, spowolnić gojenie ran i sprawić, że osoby będą bardziej podatne na dolegliwości dermatologiczne, takie jak infekcje grzybicze i wysypki skórne92.

Właściwa pielęgnacja skóry, środki zapobiegania infekcjom i terminowe zarządzanie problemami związanymi ze skórą są niezbędne w utrzymaniu integralności skóry i zapobieganiu powikłaniom u pacjentów z AIDS93.

Problemy związane z infekcjami oportunistycznymi

Pacjenci z HIV/AIDS są narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko infekcji z powodu osłabionego układu odpornościowego, który nie jest w stanie skutecznie zwalczać infekcji oportunistycznych94. Niektóre leczenia HIV/AIDS, takie jak chemioterapia lub leki immunosupresyjne, mogą również dodatkowo zwiększyć ryzyko infekcji95.

Infekcje oportunistyczne pozostają znaczącą przyczyną zachorowalności i śmiertelności u pacjentów z HIV/AIDS96. Infekcje te wynikają z zaburzenia równowagi w odporności komórkowej97.

Aby zmniejszyć to ryzyko, pacjenci z HIV/AIDS wymagają ścisłego monitorowania, odpowiednich leczenia profilaktycznego i zarządzania współwystępującymi infekcjami lub stanami98.

Opieka pielęgnacji paliatywnej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Opieka paliatywna jest interdyscyplinarną specjalnością medyczną, która koncentruje się na zapobieganiu i łagodzeniu cierpienia oraz na wspieraniu najlepszej możliwej jakości życia dla pacjentów zmagających się z poważną chorobą i ich rodzin/bliskich99.

Podstawowe zasady to zarządzanie objawami; ustanowienie celów opieki, które są zgodne z wartościami i preferencjami pacjenta; konsekwentna i trwała komunikacja między pacjentem a opiekunami; oraz wsparcie psychospołeczne, duchowe i praktyczne, zarówno dla pacjentów, jak i ich opiekunów100.

Cele opieki paliatywnej dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Konkretne obszary, w których zasady i ekspertyza opieki paliatywnej mogą pomóc w opiece nad osobami z zakażeniem HIV, obejmują:101

  • Ustanowienie celów opieki
  • Planowanie opieki z wyprzedzeniem (ACP)
  • Podejmowanie decyzji o kontynuowaniu lub zaprzestaniu terapii antyretrowirusowej (ART) w miarę zbliżania się końca życia
  • Zarządzanie objawami

HIV/AIDS jest teraz ostrą chorobą, a nie przewlekłą chorobą, dzięki nowym lekom (HAART, lub wysoce aktywna terapia antyretrowirusowa)102. Opieka paliatywna (wymawiana pal-lee-uh-tiv) jest specjalistyczną opieką medyczną dla osób zmagających się z poważną chorobą, taką jak HIV/AIDS. Celem jest poprawa jakości życia103.

Rola pielęgniarki w opiece paliatywnej nad pacjentem z HIV/AIDS

Jeśli żyjesz z HIV/AIDS, opieka paliatywna może pomóc, zarządzając objawami i skutkami ubocznymi leczenia104. Obejmują one ból, zmęczenie, duszność, depresję, lęk, nudności, wymioty i biegunkę105.

Opieka hospicyjna oferuje kompleksowe usługi dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS:106

  • Kontrola bólu i objawów – osoby z HIV/AIDS często rozwijają współistniejące choroby i infekcje oportunistyczne. Specjaliści VITAS w zarządzaniu bólem zapewniają komfort pacjentów
  • Hospicjum projektuje plan, który zajmuje się bólem, nawodnieniem, odżywianiem, pielęgnacją skóry, nawracającymi infekcjami i pobudzeniem – wszystkimi powszechnymi problemami związanymi z HIV/AIDS

Opieka paliatywna pomoże tobie i twojej rodzinie osiągnąć jakość życia107.

Systemy wsparcia i zasoby dla pacjentów z HIV/AIDS

Programy rządowe i systemy wsparcia

Program Ryan White HIV/AIDS zapewnia kompleksowy system podstawowej opieki medycznej, leków i niezbędnych usług wsparcia dla osób o niskich dochodach z HIV108. Program Ryan White HIV/AIDS finansuje stanowe, metropolitalne i społeczne programy w celu świadczenia kluczowych usług osobom o niskich dochodach żyjącym z HIV109.

Finansowane usługi opieki Ryan White Część B obejmują usługi zdrowotne ambulatoryjne, leki, usługi zdrowia psychicznego, usługi opieki ambulatoryjnej związanej z uzależnieniami, opiekę stomatologiczną, wczesne usługi interwencyjne, składki na ubezpieczenie zdrowotne i pomoc w kosztach, terapię żywieniową, opiekę domową, usługi zdrowotne w domu i społeczności, zarządzanie przypadkami medycznymi, w tym usługi związane z przestrzeganiem leczenia, transport, pomoc finansową w nagłych wypadkach, bank żywności/posiłki dostarczane do domu, edukację zdrowotną/redukcję ryzyka, usługi językowe, usługi zarządzania przypadkami niemedycznymi, wsparcie psychospołeczne oraz skierowanie do opieki zdrowotnej i usług wsparcia110.

Organizacje i zasoby wsparcia

Istnieje wiele grup, które mogą pomóc połączyć cię z medycznym, finansowym i emocjonalnym wsparciem, jeśli masz HIV111. Z ustawą o przystępnej cenie opieki, kobiety z HIV mają teraz dostęp do ubezpieczenia, rozszerzonego pokrycia Medicaid i niższych kosztów recept112.

Kobiety z AIDS mogą uzyskać dostęp do możliwości mieszkaniowych o niskich dochodach113. Program Ryan White HIV/AIDS zapewnia usługi związane z HIV w Stanach Zjednoczonych dla osób z HIV, które potrzebują opieki, ale nie mogą sobie na nią pozwolić114.

Jeśli otrzymałeś diagnozę HIV, dostępne są programy takie jak:115

  • Thorne Harbour Health
  • Living Positive Victoria
  • Victorian HIV Service
  • Centrum Edukacji i Zasobów HIV Hepatitis STI

Specjalizacja pielęgniarek w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV/AIDS

Pielęgniarki HIV tworzą długotrwałe więzi ze społecznościami, które napotykają bariery w dostępie do opieki116. Pielęgniarki HIV/AIDS rozumieją jak żaden inny specjalista opieki zdrowotnej unikalne potrzeby i wyzwania stojące przed osobami żyjącymi z HIV/AIDS117.

Zapotrzebowanie na pielęgniarki HIV/AIDS będzie tylko rosnąć, ponieważ ponad połowa pacjentów żyjących z HIV/AIDS będzie miała 70 lat lub więcej do 2030 roku i może zmagać się z wieloma chorobami współistniejącymi118.

Certyfikacja i specjalizacje w pielęgniarstwie HIV/AIDS

Rozwiń swoją karierę pielęgniarską i popraw wyniki pacjentów, stając się licencjonowaną pielęgniarką/pielęgniarzem certyfikowanym w zakresie HIV/AIDS (ACLPN), pielęgniarką/pielęgniarzem zarejestrowanym certyfikowanym w zakresie HIV/AIDS (ACRN) lub zaawansowaną pielęgniarką/pielęgniarzem zarejestrowanym certyfikowanym w zakresie HIV/AIDS (AACRN)119.

Pielęgniarki certyfikowane w zakresie HIV odgrywają kluczową rolę w orędownictwie i poprawie jakości opieki dla pacjentów z HIV120. Dzięki tej certyfikacji zdobędziesz unikalną bazę wiedzy i zakres umiejętności potrzebnych do najlepszej obsługi tych pacjentów121.

Specjalizacja HIV jest dostępna dla studentów MSN zapisanych na programy pielęgniarstwa Dukea dla dorosłych i geriatrycznych, rodzinnych, psychiatrycznych i zdrowia psychicznego oraz kobiet, a także absolwentów tych programów obecnie ubiegających się o Duke DNP122. Certyfikat specjalisty HIV jest również dostępny jako opcja bez stopnia naukowego dla licencjonowanych klinicystów poszukujących rozszerzenia swojej wiedzy i ekspertyzy w opiece nad tą unikalną populacją pacjentów123.

Role i obowiązki pielęgniarek specjalizujących się w opiece nad HIV/AIDS

Pielęgniarka HIV/AIDS pomaga pacjentom w leczeniu i zarządzaniu tą chorobą niedoboru odporności124. Oto kluczowe role i obowiązki:125

  • Pomaganie pacjentom i rodzinom radzić sobie ze stygmatyzacją HIV/AIDS i adresowanie błędnych przekonań na temat zaraźliwości choroby, jej przyczyn i skutków
  • Pomaganie w przełamywaniu mitów otaczających chorobę poprzez orędownictwo na rzecz pacjentów
  • Rekomendowanie grup wsparcia i innych usług dla pacjentów
  • Nauczanie pacjentów i społeczności o tym, jak żyć z chorobą i zapobiegać jej rozprzestrzenianiu
  • Badanie i monitorowanie pacjentów, podawanie leków, pomaganie w zarządzaniu skutkami ubocznymi, leczenie wtórnych infekcji i opracowywanie planów leczenia

Pielęgniarki HIV/AIDS koncentrują się na długoterminowej opiece ostrej i leczeniu zapobiegawczym osób z grupy ryzyka126. Zapewniają również telefoniczny triag, organizują prace laboratoryjne, podają leki i zapewniają edukację127.

Praca pielęgniarki HIV wymaga empatii, cierpliwości, kompetencji kulturowej i zdolności do łączenia się z pacjentami, którzy mogą nie mieć sieci wsparcia społecznego z powodu stygmatyzacji choroby128. Te pielęgniarki muszą wykonywać szeroki zakres obowiązków i komunikować się jasno z zespołem specjalistów129.

Najnowsze trendy i badania w opiece nad HIV/AIDS

Leczenie antyretrowirusowe (ART) kontroluje infekcję HIV i zazwyczaj zapobiega progresji do AIDS130. Inne infekcje i powikłania AIDS również mogą być leczone131. To leczenie musi być dostosowane do indywidualnych potrzeb osoby132.

Przy spójnym stosowaniu tej terapii antyretrowirusowej, przewlekły HIV może trwać przez dziesięciolecia i prawdopodobnie nie rozwinie się w AIDS, jeśli leczenie zostało rozpoczęte wystarczająco wcześnie133.

Postępy w leczeniu HIV

Gdy HIV/AIDS został po raz pierwszy odkryty, był uważany za chorobę śmiertelną, ponieważ nie było jeszcze dostępnego leczenia134. Przez lata dokonaliśmy wielu postępów w medycynie, które uczyniły HIV chorobą, którą można zarządzać135.

Dzięki leczeniu, które spowalnia skutki wirusa, większość ludzi w USA nie zapada na AIDS136. Obecnie trwają prace nad metodami zapobiegania i leczenia HIV/AIDS, które będą bardziej dostępne w krajach o ograniczonych zasobach137.

Lepsze leczenie antyretrowirusowe znacznie zmniejszyło liczbę zgonów z powodu AIDS na całym świecie138. Dzięki tym ratującym życie leczeniom, większość osób z HIV w USA nie zapada dziś na AIDS139.

Badania nad szczepionkami i przyszłe kierunki

Nie ma szczepionki zapobiegającej zakażeniu HIV ani lekarstwa na HIV/AIDS140. Jednak możesz chronić siebie i innych przed infekcją141.

St. Jude oferuje badania kliniczne i studia badawcze dla dzieci, nastolatków i młodych dorosłych na HIV/AIDS142. Trwają badania nad nowymi metodami zapobiegania i leczenia HIV/AIDS, a badacze pracują nad opracowaniem szczepionki, która może zapobiec zakażeniu HIV.

Znaczenie opieki pielęgniarskiej w zarządzaniu HIV/AIDS

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z HIV, od diagnozy do długoterminowej opieki143. Kluczowe obszary koncentracji obejmują przestrzeganie zaleceń dotyczących leków, zarządzanie chorobami współistniejącymi i zapobieganie infekcjom oportunistycznym144.

Pielęgniarki zapewniają holistyczną opiekę osobom żyjącym z HIV/AIDS145. Edukują również pacjentów o znaczeniu przestrzegania schematów leczenia, pomagając im prowadzić zdrowsze życie146.

Pielęgniarki zapewniają współczujące ucho, oferują wsparcie emocjonalne i pomagają pacjentom poruszać się po złożonej emocjonalnej podróży związanej z chorobą147. Angażują się w edukację profilaktyczną, podkreślając znaczenie bezpieczniejszych praktyk seksualnych, stosowania prezerwatyw i regularnych badań na HIV148.

Od najwcześniejszych dni epidemii poprzez postępy, które przekształciły zakażenie HIV z wyroku śmierci w możliwy do zarządzania stan przewlekły, pielęgniarki i naukowcy pielęgniarstwa UCSF odegrali kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu i ulepszaniu opieki nad HIV/AIDS i zmianie całego pielęgniarstwa w tym procesie149.

Zwiększenie świadomości pielęgniarek dotyczącej prezentacji klinicznej różnych stadiów HIV, zalecanej początkowej terapii i potencjalnych powikłań choroby może znacznie poprawić globalne wyniki tej wysoce rozpowszechnionej i nieuleczalnej choroby150.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    HIV is a virus that enters the body through the blood or bodily fluids and targets the CD4+ lymphocytes (helper T cells), resulting in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neurologic dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of HIV include flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), thrush (yeast-like infection of the tongue), weakness, night sweats, fever, weight loss, and rashes on the skin. […] AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. If HIV goes untreated, the CD4+ count drops even lower, and if it falls below 200 cells/mm, that is indicative of AIDS. […] The signs and symptoms of AIDS are much worse than the signs and symptoms of HIV. These include tuberculosis, pneumonia, wasting syndrome (unwanted excessive weight loss), candidiasis of the airways (a fungal infection of the respiratory system), and Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is a cancer of the skin and soft tissue.
  • #2 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids
    HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. […] Getting tested and starting treatment early gives you the best chance of living a long life. […] HIV infects and destroys cells of your immune system, making it hard to fight off other diseases. […] When HIV has severely weakened your immune system, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] AIDS is the final and most serious stage of an HIV infection. […] People with AIDS have very low counts of certain white blood cells and severely damaged immune systems. […] Without treatment, HIV infections progress to AIDS in about 10 years. […] The difference between HIV and AIDS is that HIV is a virus that weakens your immune system. […] AIDS is a condition that can happen as a result of an HIV infection when your immune system is severely weakened.
  • #3 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    HIV is a virus that enters the body through the blood or bodily fluids and targets the CD4+ lymphocytes (helper T cells), resulting in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neurologic dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of HIV include flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), thrush (yeast-like infection of the tongue), weakness, night sweats, fever, weight loss, and rashes on the skin. […] AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. If HIV goes untreated, the CD4+ count drops even lower, and if it falls below 200 cells/mm, that is indicative of AIDS. […] The signs and symptoms of AIDS are much worse than the signs and symptoms of HIV. These include tuberculosis, pneumonia, wasting syndrome (unwanted excessive weight loss), candidiasis of the airways (a fungal infection of the respiratory system), and Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is a cancer of the skin and soft tissue.
  • #4 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids
    HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. […] Getting tested and starting treatment early gives you the best chance of living a long life. […] HIV infects and destroys cells of your immune system, making it hard to fight off other diseases. […] When HIV has severely weakened your immune system, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] AIDS is the final and most serious stage of an HIV infection. […] People with AIDS have very low counts of certain white blood cells and severely damaged immune systems. […] Without treatment, HIV infections progress to AIDS in about 10 years. […] The difference between HIV and AIDS is that HIV is a virus that weakens your immune system. […] AIDS is a condition that can happen as a result of an HIV infection when your immune system is severely weakened.
  • #5 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids
    HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. […] Getting tested and starting treatment early gives you the best chance of living a long life. […] HIV infects and destroys cells of your immune system, making it hard to fight off other diseases. […] When HIV has severely weakened your immune system, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] AIDS is the final and most serious stage of an HIV infection. […] People with AIDS have very low counts of certain white blood cells and severely damaged immune systems. […] Without treatment, HIV infections progress to AIDS in about 10 years. […] The difference between HIV and AIDS is that HIV is a virus that weakens your immune system. […] AIDS is a condition that can happen as a result of an HIV infection when your immune system is severely weakened.
  • #6 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #7 HIV & AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids
    Thanks to treatment that slows down the effects of the virus, not everyone with HIV progresses to AIDS. […] But without treatment, almost all people living with HIV will advance to AIDS. […] HIV infects white blood cells of your immune system called CD4 cells, or helper T cells. […] It destroys CD4 cells, causing your white blood cell count to drop. […] This leaves you with an immune system that cant fight off infections, even those that wouldnt normally make you sick. […] AIDS can cause rapid weight loss, extreme tiredness, mouth or genital ulcers, fevers, night sweats and skin discolorations. […] Other illnesses and cancers often happen in people living with AIDS and can cause additional symptoms. […] It’s very important to take your medications as prescribed and to make sure you dont miss appointments.
  • #8 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Helena M. Swinkels; Andrew D. Nguyen; Peter G. Gulick; Kathleen M. Pinto. […] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care. They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care. Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.
  • #9 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Helena M. Swinkels; Andrew D. Nguyen; Peter G. Gulick; Kathleen M. Pinto. […] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care. They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care. Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.
  • #10 Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text
    https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4
    Home-based care is used in many countries to increase quality of life and limit hospital stay, particularly where public health services are overburdened. Home-based care objectives for HIV/AIDS can include medical care, delivery of antiretroviral treatment and psychosocial support. […] Reported adherence to antiretroviral drugs improved with nurse-led home-based care but did not affect viral load. […] Nurse-led home-based interventions could help adherence to antiretroviral therapy and improve mental health. […] Providing care in the home can overcome some of the barriers to care, such as transport costs and waiting times, and help to reduce the burden on health facilities. […] HBC objectives for HIV/AIDS can include improved medical care, delivery of ART and improved psychosocial well-being.
  • #11 HIV and AIDS Nursing Care Management and Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hiv-aids/
    Learn about the nursing care management of patients with HIV/AIDS in this nursing study guide. […] The nursing care of patients with HIV/AIDS is challenging because of the potential for any organ system to be the target of infections or cancer. […] Nursing assessment includes identification of potential risk factors, including a history of risky sexual practices or IV/injection drug use. […] The list of potential nursing diagnoses is extensive because of the complex nature of the disease. […] Goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include: Achievement and maintenance of skin integrity. […] The plan of care for a patient with AIDS is individualized to meet the needs of the patient. […] Expected patient outcomes may include: Achieved and maintained of skin integrity. […] Before discharge, the nurse should educate the patient and the family about precautions and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. […] The focus of documentation in a patient with HIV/AIDS should include: Characteristics of lesions or condition.
  • #12 HIV and AIDS Nursing Care Management and Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hiv-aids/
    Learn about the nursing care management of patients with HIV/AIDS in this nursing study guide. […] The nursing care of patients with HIV/AIDS is challenging because of the potential for any organ system to be the target of infections or cancer. […] Nursing assessment includes identification of potential risk factors, including a history of risky sexual practices or IV/injection drug use. […] The list of potential nursing diagnoses is extensive because of the complex nature of the disease. […] Goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include: Achievement and maintenance of skin integrity. […] The plan of care for a patient with AIDS is individualized to meet the needs of the patient. […] Expected patient outcomes may include: Achieved and maintained of skin integrity. […] Before discharge, the nurse should educate the patient and the family about precautions and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. […] The focus of documentation in a patient with HIV/AIDS should include: Characteristics of lesions or condition.
  • #13 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include: Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment. […] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs. […] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome. […] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers. […] Including family and support members to assist the patient’s transition home is crucial to maintaining compliance with care.
  • #14 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #15 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #16 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #17 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #18 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #19 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #20 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include: Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment. […] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs. […] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome. […] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers. […] Including family and support members to assist the patient’s transition home is crucial to maintaining compliance with care.
  • #21 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #22 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include: Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment. […] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs. […] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome. […] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers. […] Including family and support members to assist the patient’s transition home is crucial to maintaining compliance with care.
  • #23 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #24 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #25 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #26 HIV/AIDS | Doctors Without Borders – USA
    https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/hivaids
    HIV has claimed more than 42 million lives around the world, and transmission continues in all countries. […] A person living with HIV is considered to have developed AIDS when their immune system is so weak it can no longer fight off certain opportunistic infections and diseases, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and some cancers. […] While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatments are much more successful than they used to be. A combination of drugs, known as antiretrovirals (ARVs), help combat the virus and enable people to live longer, healthier lives without their immune system rapidly declining. […] Doctors Without Borders/Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) HIV/AIDS programs offer HIV testing with pre- and post-test counseling, treatment, and prevention of opportunistic infections, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and provision of ARVs for people in the late stages of the disease. […] Our programs also generally include support to prevention, education, and awareness activities to help people understand how to prevent the spread of the virus.
  • #27 HIV and AIDS Nursing Care Management and Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hiv-aids/
    Learn about the nursing care management of patients with HIV/AIDS in this nursing study guide. […] The nursing care of patients with HIV/AIDS is challenging because of the potential for any organ system to be the target of infections or cancer. […] Nursing assessment includes identification of potential risk factors, including a history of risky sexual practices or IV/injection drug use. […] The list of potential nursing diagnoses is extensive because of the complex nature of the disease. […] Goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include: Achievement and maintenance of skin integrity. […] The plan of care for a patient with AIDS is individualized to meet the needs of the patient. […] Expected patient outcomes may include: Achieved and maintained of skin integrity. […] Before discharge, the nurse should educate the patient and the family about precautions and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. […] The focus of documentation in a patient with HIV/AIDS should include: Characteristics of lesions or condition.
  • #28 HIV and AIDS Nursing Care Management and Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hiv-aids/
    Learn about the nursing care management of patients with HIV/AIDS in this nursing study guide. […] The nursing care of patients with HIV/AIDS is challenging because of the potential for any organ system to be the target of infections or cancer. […] Nursing assessment includes identification of potential risk factors, including a history of risky sexual practices or IV/injection drug use. […] The list of potential nursing diagnoses is extensive because of the complex nature of the disease. […] Goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include: Achievement and maintenance of skin integrity. […] The plan of care for a patient with AIDS is individualized to meet the needs of the patient. […] Expected patient outcomes may include: Achieved and maintained of skin integrity. […] Before discharge, the nurse should educate the patient and the family about precautions and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. […] The focus of documentation in a patient with HIV/AIDS should include: Characteristics of lesions or condition.
  • #29 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with HIV/AIDS. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing HIV/AIDS. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with HIV/AIDS. […] The nursing care planning goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include preventing the progression of the disease, managing symptoms, decreasing the risk of complications and infections, promoting compliance with medication and treatment regimens, and providing emotional and social support. The goals may also focus on educating the patient and the family members about HIV/AIDS, its transmission, and prevention, as well as addressing any stigma or discrimination that the patient may experience.
  • #30 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include: Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment. […] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs. […] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome. […] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers. […] Including family and support members to assist the patient’s transition home is crucial to maintaining compliance with care.
  • #31 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) Article
    https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/22914
    HIV and AIDS (Nursing) […] Describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of HIV/AIDS.[…] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS.[…] Outline the importance of enhancing care coordination among members of an interprofessional healthcare team to ensure proper evaluation and management of HIV/AIDS disease.[…] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care.[…] They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care.[…] Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).[…] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.[…] Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include:[…] Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment.[…] Provide education about the risk of transmission if HIV viral load remains elevated.[…] Emphasize „undetectable equals untransmittable” to motivate patient adherence.[…] Monitor for signs of infection and laboratory tests that indicate infection.[…] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs.[…] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome.[…] Monitor weight and educate the patient regarding lifestyle changes that can be used to mitigate weight gain associated with ART.[…] Improve activity and assist in planning daily routines that maintain activity to optimize function and balance.[…] Provide counseling to help the patient maintain social support.[…] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers.[…] If an opportunistic infection or a mass develops, the patient should be evaluated by a clinician immediately to ensure adequate treatment is given.
  • #32 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV can receive a variety of services and assistance through social workers and case managers. They can assist patients in navigating government programs, legal aid, and financial concerns while enabling them to make well-informed health choices. […] Patients diagnosed with HIV infection often develop anxiety disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. Disturbed body image is often associated with poor self-care behaviors, poor ART adherence, and risky behaviors. […] HIV infection affects the body’s ability to effectively absorb nutrients due to various infections. Malabsorption, altered metabolism, and weight loss caused by loss of appetite and mouth ulcers are common in patients with HIV infection. […] The decreased number of CD4 cells depresses immune function, causing the patient to be at higher risk of acquiring infection. […] HIV infection causes immunosuppression, placing patients at risk for illness. Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia can be life-threatening in patients with HIV/AIDS.
  • #33 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Nurse interventions in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS include: Provide education and counseling to inform them about HIV/AIDS and help them understand that complications can essentially be minimized with proper treatment. […] Provide education regarding the risk of resistance if medication nonadherence occurs. […] Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration to mitigate the effects of HIV wasting syndrome. […] The management of an HIV-positive patient is complex, and it should be carried out by an interprofessional healthcare team that includes nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and clinical providers. […] Including family and support members to assist the patient’s transition home is crucial to maintaining compliance with care.
  • #34 HIV and AIDS Nursing Care Management and Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hiv-aids/
    Learn about the nursing care management of patients with HIV/AIDS in this nursing study guide. […] The nursing care of patients with HIV/AIDS is challenging because of the potential for any organ system to be the target of infections or cancer. […] Nursing assessment includes identification of potential risk factors, including a history of risky sexual practices or IV/injection drug use. […] The list of potential nursing diagnoses is extensive because of the complex nature of the disease. […] Goals for a patient with HIV/AIDS may include: Achievement and maintenance of skin integrity. […] The plan of care for a patient with AIDS is individualized to meet the needs of the patient. […] Expected patient outcomes may include: Achieved and maintained of skin integrity. […] Before discharge, the nurse should educate the patient and the family about precautions and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. […] The focus of documentation in a patient with HIV/AIDS should include: Characteristics of lesions or condition.
  • #35 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    The following are the nursing priorities for patients with HIV/AIDS: Initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monitor and manage opportunistic infections. Provide comprehensive HIV care and support. Promote prevention and safe behavior. Address coexisting health conditions. Offer psychosocial support. Promote preventive care and screenings. Support treatment adherence and retention in care. Provide education on risk reduction for HIV transmission. Promote a healthy lifestyle. […] Patients with AIDS may experience compromised skin integrity due to several factors. The immunodeficiency associated with AIDS can increase the risk of skin infections, slow wound healing, and make individuals more susceptible to dermatological conditions such as fungal infections and skin rashes. Proper skincare, infection prevention measures, and timely management of skin-related issues are essential in maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications in patients with AIDS.
  • #36 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Tests include: […] If you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, find a specialist trained in diagnosing and treating HIV to help you: […] If you get a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, tests can help your healthcare professional learn the stage of your disease and the best treatment, including: […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. Once you have the infection, your body can’t get rid of it. But there are medicines that can control HIV and prevent complications. […] Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are. […] Staying on ART that keeps your HIV viral load in the blood from being detected is the best way for you to stay healthy.
  • #37 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Tests include: […] If you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, find a specialist trained in diagnosing and treating HIV to help you: […] If you get a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, tests can help your healthcare professional learn the stage of your disease and the best treatment, including: […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. Once you have the infection, your body can’t get rid of it. But there are medicines that can control HIV and prevent complications. […] Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are. […] Staying on ART that keeps your HIV viral load in the blood from being detected is the best way for you to stay healthy.
  • #38 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Tests include: […] If you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, find a specialist trained in diagnosing and treating HIV to help you: […] If you get a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, tests can help your healthcare professional learn the stage of your disease and the best treatment, including: […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. Once you have the infection, your body can’t get rid of it. But there are medicines that can control HIV and prevent complications. […] Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are. […] Staying on ART that keeps your HIV viral load in the blood from being detected is the best way for you to stay healthy.
  • #39 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    Treatment side effects can include: […] Some health issues that are a part of aging may be harder to manage if you have HIV. […] Your healthcare professional will watch your viral load and CD4 T cell counts to see your response to HIV treatment. […] Getting a diagnosis of any life-threatening illness can cause distress. The emotional, social and financial effects of HIV/AIDS can make coping with this illness very hard for you and for those close to you. […] But there are many services and resources for people with HIV. Most HIV/AIDS clinics have social workers, counselors or nurses who can help you or put you in touch with people who can help you.
  • #40 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids
    HIV is a virus that can damage the immune system and make it difficult for the body to fight off some infections. […] HIV is not the same as AIDS. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS. AIDS is rare in Australia due to the availability of effective HIV treatments. […] People who are being treated for HIV and who achieve and maintain very low or undetectable levels of the virus cannot transmit HIV sexually. This is known as Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U). […] Regular testing for HIV helps identify infection early, to enable treatment to start sooner. Not only does this protect your own health and wellbeing, but it also helps protect others from HIV. […] It is recommended that everyone who is sexually active get tested at least annually for HIV as part of routine health care. […] It is recommended that anyone with has multiple sexual partners, or is on PrEP, get tested for all sexually transmissible infections (STIs) including HIV, 3 monthly, or at the very least, once a year.
  • #41 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) are medications prescribed for HIV infection to decrease the viral load, maintain CD4 cell counts at acceptable levels, prevent HIV-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent transmission of the infection. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about their medication regimen including side effects and strict adherence. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with HIV. […] HIV-positive patients should receive screenings for diabetes, osteoporosis, and colon cancer as needed. Monitoring and managing lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is essential. […] Patients may require antibiotics or antifungal treatment to prevent certain infections when coupled with low CD4 counts.
  • #42 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) are medications prescribed for HIV infection to decrease the viral load, maintain CD4 cell counts at acceptable levels, prevent HIV-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent transmission of the infection. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about their medication regimen including side effects and strict adherence. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with HIV. […] HIV-positive patients should receive screenings for diabetes, osteoporosis, and colon cancer as needed. Monitoring and managing lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is essential. […] Patients may require antibiotics or antifungal treatment to prevent certain infections when coupled with low CD4 counts.
  • #43 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Tests include: […] If you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, find a specialist trained in diagnosing and treating HIV to help you: […] If you get a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, tests can help your healthcare professional learn the stage of your disease and the best treatment, including: […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. Once you have the infection, your body can’t get rid of it. But there are medicines that can control HIV and prevent complications. […] Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are. […] Staying on ART that keeps your HIV viral load in the blood from being detected is the best way for you to stay healthy.
  • #44 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Tests include: […] If you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, find a specialist trained in diagnosing and treating HIV to help you: […] If you get a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, tests can help your healthcare professional learn the stage of your disease and the best treatment, including: […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. Once you have the infection, your body can’t get rid of it. But there are medicines that can control HIV and prevent complications. […] Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are. […] Staying on ART that keeps your HIV viral load in the blood from being detected is the best way for you to stay healthy.
  • #45 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    When HIV/AIDS was first discovered, it was considered a fatal disease because there was no treatment available yet. Over the years, we have made many advancements in medicine that have made HIV manageable. […] A patient with HIV/AIDS should undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART) to slow the progression of the virus. Patients should start ART as soon as possible after a positive HIV diagnosis, and that can be an effective way to prevent HIV from becoming AIDS and for the patient to stay healthy for many years. […] It’s important for patients with HIV/AIDS to prevent infection since their immune system is compromised. Here are some tips to teach: They should keep really good hand hygiene by washing their hands often. They should bathe daily with antimicrobial soap. They should avoid raw and undercooked foods as well as fresh plants (potential fungus). They should not clean cat litter boxes (for the same reason that pregnant people should not clean cat litter boxes, because of the Toxoplasma parasite). They should avoid crowds and sick people.
  • #46 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    Treatment side effects can include: […] Some health issues that are a part of aging may be harder to manage if you have HIV. […] Your healthcare professional will watch your viral load and CD4 T cell counts to see your response to HIV treatment. […] Getting a diagnosis of any life-threatening illness can cause distress. The emotional, social and financial effects of HIV/AIDS can make coping with this illness very hard for you and for those close to you. […] But there are many services and resources for people with HIV. Most HIV/AIDS clinics have social workers, counselors or nurses who can help you or put you in touch with people who can help you.
  • #47 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    Treatment side effects can include: […] Some health issues that are a part of aging may be harder to manage if you have HIV. […] Your healthcare professional will watch your viral load and CD4 T cell counts to see your response to HIV treatment. […] Getting a diagnosis of any life-threatening illness can cause distress. The emotional, social and financial effects of HIV/AIDS can make coping with this illness very hard for you and for those close to you. […] But there are many services and resources for people with HIV. Most HIV/AIDS clinics have social workers, counselors or nurses who can help you or put you in touch with people who can help you.
  • #48 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) are medications prescribed for HIV infection to decrease the viral load, maintain CD4 cell counts at acceptable levels, prevent HIV-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent transmission of the infection. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about their medication regimen including side effects and strict adherence. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with HIV. […] HIV-positive patients should receive screenings for diabetes, osteoporosis, and colon cancer as needed. Monitoring and managing lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is essential. […] Patients may require antibiotics or antifungal treatment to prevent certain infections when coupled with low CD4 counts.
  • #49 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of infection due to their compromised immune system, which is unable to effectively fight off opportunistic infections. Certain treatments for HIV/AIDS, such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications, can also further increase the risk of infection. To mitigate this risk, patients with HIV/AIDS require close monitoring, appropriate prophylactic treatments, and management of co-occurring infections or conditions. […] Patients with HIV/AIDS may have a lack of knowledge about their disease, its transmission, treatment options, and available resources. This can lead to poor medication adherence, increased risk of opportunistic infections, and other negative health outcomes.
  • #50 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    When HIV/AIDS was first discovered, it was considered a fatal disease because there was no treatment available yet. Over the years, we have made many advancements in medicine that have made HIV manageable. […] A patient with HIV/AIDS should undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART) to slow the progression of the virus. Patients should start ART as soon as possible after a positive HIV diagnosis, and that can be an effective way to prevent HIV from becoming AIDS and for the patient to stay healthy for many years. […] It’s important for patients with HIV/AIDS to prevent infection since their immune system is compromised. Here are some tips to teach: They should keep really good hand hygiene by washing their hands often. They should bathe daily with antimicrobial soap. They should avoid raw and undercooked foods as well as fresh plants (potential fungus). They should not clean cat litter boxes (for the same reason that pregnant people should not clean cat litter boxes, because of the Toxoplasma parasite). They should avoid crowds and sick people.
  • #51 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    When HIV/AIDS was first discovered, it was considered a fatal disease because there was no treatment available yet. Over the years, we have made many advancements in medicine that have made HIV manageable. […] A patient with HIV/AIDS should undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART) to slow the progression of the virus. Patients should start ART as soon as possible after a positive HIV diagnosis, and that can be an effective way to prevent HIV from becoming AIDS and for the patient to stay healthy for many years. […] It’s important for patients with HIV/AIDS to prevent infection since their immune system is compromised. Here are some tips to teach: They should keep really good hand hygiene by washing their hands often. They should bathe daily with antimicrobial soap. They should avoid raw and undercooked foods as well as fresh plants (potential fungus). They should not clean cat litter boxes (for the same reason that pregnant people should not clean cat litter boxes, because of the Toxoplasma parasite). They should avoid crowds and sick people.
  • #52 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) are medications prescribed for HIV infection to decrease the viral load, maintain CD4 cell counts at acceptable levels, prevent HIV-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent transmission of the infection. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about their medication regimen including side effects and strict adherence. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with HIV. […] HIV-positive patients should receive screenings for diabetes, osteoporosis, and colon cancer as needed. Monitoring and managing lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is essential. […] Patients may require antibiotics or antifungal treatment to prevent certain infections when coupled with low CD4 counts.
  • #53 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) are medications prescribed for HIV infection to decrease the viral load, maintain CD4 cell counts at acceptable levels, prevent HIV-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, and prevent transmission of the infection. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about their medication regimen including side effects and strict adherence. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with HIV. […] HIV-positive patients should receive screenings for diabetes, osteoporosis, and colon cancer as needed. Monitoring and managing lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is essential. […] Patients may require antibiotics or antifungal treatment to prevent certain infections when coupled with low CD4 counts.
  • #54 HIV and AIDS: For health professionals – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/health-professionals.html
    HIV treatment can also prevent transmission. HIV cannot be sexually transmitted when a person living with HIV is on treatment and maintains a viral load of less than 200 copies of virus per millilitre of blood. […] HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PrEP) is the use of prescription antiretroviral medication by people who are HIV-negative to prevent them from getting HIV. […] HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) is the use of prescription ARV medication by people who are HIV-negative to lower the risk of acquiring HIV following a high-risk exposure. […] HIV is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that can enable people living with HIV to have healthy, long and active lives, prevent HIV transmission through sex and reduce the risk of perinatal transmission, and slow the progression of infection to such a degree that HIV is considered a chronic, treatable condition. […] Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV and infection progression.
  • #55 HIV and AIDS: For health professionals – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/health-professionals.html
    HIV treatment can also prevent transmission. HIV cannot be sexually transmitted when a person living with HIV is on treatment and maintains a viral load of less than 200 copies of virus per millilitre of blood. […] HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PrEP) is the use of prescription antiretroviral medication by people who are HIV-negative to prevent them from getting HIV. […] HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) is the use of prescription ARV medication by people who are HIV-negative to lower the risk of acquiring HIV following a high-risk exposure. […] HIV is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that can enable people living with HIV to have healthy, long and active lives, prevent HIV transmission through sex and reduce the risk of perinatal transmission, and slow the progression of infection to such a degree that HIV is considered a chronic, treatable condition. […] Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV and infection progression.
  • #56 HIV and AIDS: For health professionals – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hiv-aids/health-professionals.html
    HIV treatment can also prevent transmission. HIV cannot be sexually transmitted when a person living with HIV is on treatment and maintains a viral load of less than 200 copies of virus per millilitre of blood. […] HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PrEP) is the use of prescription antiretroviral medication by people who are HIV-negative to prevent them from getting HIV. […] HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) is the use of prescription ARV medication by people who are HIV-negative to lower the risk of acquiring HIV following a high-risk exposure. […] HIV is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that can enable people living with HIV to have healthy, long and active lives, prevent HIV transmission through sex and reduce the risk of perinatal transmission, and slow the progression of infection to such a degree that HIV is considered a chronic, treatable condition. […] Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV and infection progression.
  • #57 HIV Care and Prevention | Montgomery County, PA – Official Website
    https://www.montgomerycountypa.gov/3450/HIV-Care-and-Prevention
    Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a virus that can be transmitted person-to-person through sexual contact and blood via the sharing of injection materials and needles. […] Its important to know your status and risk and to talk to your healthcare provider about prevention and treatment strategies. […] Whether its for HIV testing, prevention, or treatment, these public, local, and surrounding providers can help you meet your care goals and needs. […] In the case of an exposure to HIV, Post-exposure Prophylaxis, or PEP, can prevent the transmission of the virus if started within 72 hours and continued for 28 days. […] HIV can be treated with once-daily oral medication known as antiretroviral therapy or ART. […] ART is recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of how long theyve had the virus or how healthy they are. […] ART also reduces your chance of transmitting HIV to others if taken as prescribed, eventually reaching a point where viral load is undetectable and the risk of transmission to other people is zero.
  • #58 HIV/AIDS – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
    Treatment side effects can include: […] Some health issues that are a part of aging may be harder to manage if you have HIV. […] Your healthcare professional will watch your viral load and CD4 T cell counts to see your response to HIV treatment. […] Getting a diagnosis of any life-threatening illness can cause distress. The emotional, social and financial effects of HIV/AIDS can make coping with this illness very hard for you and for those close to you. […] But there are many services and resources for people with HIV. Most HIV/AIDS clinics have social workers, counselors or nurses who can help you or put you in touch with people who can help you.
  • #59 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV can receive a variety of services and assistance through social workers and case managers. They can assist patients in navigating government programs, legal aid, and financial concerns while enabling them to make well-informed health choices. […] Patients diagnosed with HIV infection often develop anxiety disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. Disturbed body image is often associated with poor self-care behaviors, poor ART adherence, and risky behaviors. […] HIV infection affects the body’s ability to effectively absorb nutrients due to various infections. Malabsorption, altered metabolism, and weight loss caused by loss of appetite and mouth ulcers are common in patients with HIV infection. […] The decreased number of CD4 cells depresses immune function, causing the patient to be at higher risk of acquiring infection. […] HIV infection causes immunosuppression, placing patients at risk for illness. Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia can be life-threatening in patients with HIV/AIDS.
  • #60 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV can receive a variety of services and assistance through social workers and case managers. They can assist patients in navigating government programs, legal aid, and financial concerns while enabling them to make well-informed health choices. […] Patients diagnosed with HIV infection often develop anxiety disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. Disturbed body image is often associated with poor self-care behaviors, poor ART adherence, and risky behaviors. […] HIV infection affects the body’s ability to effectively absorb nutrients due to various infections. Malabsorption, altered metabolism, and weight loss caused by loss of appetite and mouth ulcers are common in patients with HIV infection. […] The decreased number of CD4 cells depresses immune function, causing the patient to be at higher risk of acquiring infection. […] HIV infection causes immunosuppression, placing patients at risk for illness. Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia can be life-threatening in patients with HIV/AIDS.
  • #61 Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10352634/
    Psychological support is provided by a wide range of professional groups, peers, and informal providers, both in the clinical setting and in the community. […] Psychological support helps patients make informed decisions, better cope with disease, and better deal with discrimination. […] Moreover, psychological support improves the quality of life of patients with HIV and prevents further transmission of HIV infection. […] This study increases our knowledge of the psychological interventions which nurses can directly provide to patients with AIDS/HIV. […] The present study also increases nurses awareness of the primary and secondary consequences of these interventions. […] The results of this systematic review showed that interventions such as virtual or face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interviewing, case management, motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy, and home care with face-to-face or telephone follow-up can positively affect the quality of life, manage disease and symptoms, increase patients adherence to treatment, improve their mental and functional health, and reduce patients risky behaviors. […] These psychological interventions can be done by nurses independently because they have the skills to deliver them.
  • #62 Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10352634/
    Psychological support is provided by a wide range of professional groups, peers, and informal providers, both in the clinical setting and in the community. […] Psychological support helps patients make informed decisions, better cope with disease, and better deal with discrimination. […] Moreover, psychological support improves the quality of life of patients with HIV and prevents further transmission of HIV infection. […] This study increases our knowledge of the psychological interventions which nurses can directly provide to patients with AIDS/HIV. […] The present study also increases nurses awareness of the primary and secondary consequences of these interventions. […] The results of this systematic review showed that interventions such as virtual or face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interviewing, case management, motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy, and home care with face-to-face or telephone follow-up can positively affect the quality of life, manage disease and symptoms, increase patients adherence to treatment, improve their mental and functional health, and reduce patients risky behaviors. […] These psychological interventions can be done by nurses independently because they have the skills to deliver them.
  • #63 Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10352634/
    Psychological support is provided by a wide range of professional groups, peers, and informal providers, both in the clinical setting and in the community. […] Psychological support helps patients make informed decisions, better cope with disease, and better deal with discrimination. […] Moreover, psychological support improves the quality of life of patients with HIV and prevents further transmission of HIV infection. […] This study increases our knowledge of the psychological interventions which nurses can directly provide to patients with AIDS/HIV. […] The present study also increases nurses awareness of the primary and secondary consequences of these interventions. […] The results of this systematic review showed that interventions such as virtual or face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interviewing, case management, motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy, and home care with face-to-face or telephone follow-up can positively affect the quality of life, manage disease and symptoms, increase patients adherence to treatment, improve their mental and functional health, and reduce patients risky behaviors. […] These psychological interventions can be done by nurses independently because they have the skills to deliver them.
  • #64 Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10352634/
    Psychological support is provided by a wide range of professional groups, peers, and informal providers, both in the clinical setting and in the community. […] Psychological support helps patients make informed decisions, better cope with disease, and better deal with discrimination. […] Moreover, psychological support improves the quality of life of patients with HIV and prevents further transmission of HIV infection. […] This study increases our knowledge of the psychological interventions which nurses can directly provide to patients with AIDS/HIV. […] The present study also increases nurses awareness of the primary and secondary consequences of these interventions. […] The results of this systematic review showed that interventions such as virtual or face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interviewing, case management, motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy, and home care with face-to-face or telephone follow-up can positively affect the quality of life, manage disease and symptoms, increase patients adherence to treatment, improve their mental and functional health, and reduce patients risky behaviors. […] These psychological interventions can be done by nurses independently because they have the skills to deliver them.
  • #65 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nurses provide holistic care to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. […] They also educate patients on the importance of adherence to treatment regimens, helping them lead healthier lives. […] Nurses offer a compassionate ear, lend emotional support, and help patients navigate the complex emotional journey associated with the disease. […] Nurses engage in preventive education, emphasizing the importance of safer sex practices, the use of condoms, and regular testing for HIV. […] They push for policy changes that can improve the lives of those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Their dedication to advocacy, awareness, and compassionate care is indispensable in the fight against this global epidemic.
  • #66 HIV/AIDS | Partners In Health
    https://www.pih.org/programs/hiv-aids
    Prevention of mother-to-child transmission is a key part of our global HIV and AIDS program. […] Our accompaniment of patients living with HIV extends beyond medical care, as social support is equally critical to treatment access and adherence. […] In all of our HIV and AIDS work, from Haiti to Peru, we closely partner with ministries of health and community organizations, strengthening health systems for the long term and laying the groundwork to end HIV. […] Today, 25.4 million people are on antiretroviral therapy worldwide, thanks to collective efforts of health care workers, activists, global organizations, and community members. […] That same year, we provided lifesaving, antiretroviral treatment to more than 44,000 men, women, and children living with HIV. […] We support the WHO and UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals, which call on countries and partners to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. […] We still have a long way to go before all 38 million people living with HIV worldwide have treatment.
  • #67 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nursing Against AIDS: Advocacy, Awareness, and Compassionate Care […] In this extended blog, we’ll delve deeper into the crucial role nurses play in this battle, as well as the importance of AIDS awareness, with a focus on the concept of “Nursing Against AIDS.” […] In the face of this epidemic, nurses have emerged as true heroes, providing compassionate care and advocacy for those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Nurses are at the forefront of AIDS awareness, educating patients, communities, and even policymakers about the disease’s realities. […] By arming people with accurate information, nurses help break down barriers and reduce discrimination associated with the disease. […] “Nursing Against AIDS” is not just a phrase; it represents the commitment of healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive, compassionate care to those affected by HIV/AIDS.
  • #68 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nursing Against AIDS: Advocacy, Awareness, and Compassionate Care […] In this extended blog, we’ll delve deeper into the crucial role nurses play in this battle, as well as the importance of AIDS awareness, with a focus on the concept of “Nursing Against AIDS.” […] In the face of this epidemic, nurses have emerged as true heroes, providing compassionate care and advocacy for those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Nurses are at the forefront of AIDS awareness, educating patients, communities, and even policymakers about the disease’s realities. […] By arming people with accurate information, nurses help break down barriers and reduce discrimination associated with the disease. […] “Nursing Against AIDS” is not just a phrase; it represents the commitment of healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive, compassionate care to those affected by HIV/AIDS.
  • #69 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids
    If you are unable to take your HIV medication as prescribed, the virus can multiply again and become resistant to the antiretroviral medication you are currently taking and will not be as effective. […] If you have recently been diagnosed with HIV, more information is available from: Thorne Harbour Health, Living Positive Victoria, Victorian HIV Service, HIV Hepatitis STI Education and Resource Centre. […] If you test positive, counselling can provide emotional support, further information about living with HIV, and referrals to support services. […] HIV can prompt intense feelings in people, regardless of their HIV status. It is sometimes viewed with a sense of unacceptability or disgrace. […] Breaking down stigma is a community response where: Doctors and health care providers ensure their services are free from stigma, and support people with HIV to build resilience against it.
  • #70 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids
    If you are unable to take your HIV medication as prescribed, the virus can multiply again and become resistant to the antiretroviral medication you are currently taking and will not be as effective. […] If you have recently been diagnosed with HIV, more information is available from: Thorne Harbour Health, Living Positive Victoria, Victorian HIV Service, HIV Hepatitis STI Education and Resource Centre. […] If you test positive, counselling can provide emotional support, further information about living with HIV, and referrals to support services. […] HIV can prompt intense feelings in people, regardless of their HIV status. It is sometimes viewed with a sense of unacceptability or disgrace. […] Breaking down stigma is a community response where: Doctors and health care providers ensure their services are free from stigma, and support people with HIV to build resilience against it.
  • #71 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids
    If you are unable to take your HIV medication as prescribed, the virus can multiply again and become resistant to the antiretroviral medication you are currently taking and will not be as effective. […] If you have recently been diagnosed with HIV, more information is available from: Thorne Harbour Health, Living Positive Victoria, Victorian HIV Service, HIV Hepatitis STI Education and Resource Centre. […] If you test positive, counselling can provide emotional support, further information about living with HIV, and referrals to support services. […] HIV can prompt intense feelings in people, regardless of their HIV status. It is sometimes viewed with a sense of unacceptability or disgrace. […] Breaking down stigma is a community response where: Doctors and health care providers ensure their services are free from stigma, and support people with HIV to build resilience against it.
  • #72 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    The HIV care continuum is a public health model that outlines the steps or stages that people with HIV go through from diagnosis to achieving and maintaining viral suppression (a very low or undetectable amount of HIV in the blood) through care and treatment with HIV medicine called antiretroviral therapy or ART. […] Reaching and maintaining HIV viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is a primary goal of HIV treatment. Treatment with HIV medicine is recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of how long theyve had the virus or how healthy they are. […] Supporting people with HIV to move through the steps of the continuum to achieve and maintain viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is critically important. Research shows that people with HIV who get and keep an undetectable viral load can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex.
  • #73 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    The HIV care continuum is a public health model that outlines the steps or stages that people with HIV go through from diagnosis to achieving and maintaining viral suppression (a very low or undetectable amount of HIV in the blood) through care and treatment with HIV medicine called antiretroviral therapy or ART. […] Reaching and maintaining HIV viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is a primary goal of HIV treatment. Treatment with HIV medicine is recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of how long theyve had the virus or how healthy they are. […] Supporting people with HIV to move through the steps of the continuum to achieve and maintain viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is critically important. Research shows that people with HIV who get and keep an undetectable viral load can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex.
  • #74 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    The HIV care continuum is a public health model that outlines the steps or stages that people with HIV go through from diagnosis to achieving and maintaining viral suppression (a very low or undetectable amount of HIV in the blood) through care and treatment with HIV medicine called antiretroviral therapy or ART. […] Reaching and maintaining HIV viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is a primary goal of HIV treatment. Treatment with HIV medicine is recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of how long theyve had the virus or how healthy they are. […] Supporting people with HIV to move through the steps of the continuum to achieve and maintain viral suppression or an undetectable viral load is critically important. Research shows that people with HIV who get and keep an undetectable viral load can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex.
  • #75 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    For individuals with HIV to gain these benefits, they need to be aware that they have HIV, be connected to and engaged in regular HIV care, and receive and adhere to treatment with HIV medicine. […] People with HIV who have ongoing, regularly scheduled medical care have been shown to have better health outcomes and increased safer sexual behaviors. […] Rapid linkage to care is important because it can shorten the time to viral suppression, which helps people stay healthy and prevents sexual transmission of the virus. […] Federal, state, and local health departments, community-based organizations, health care providers, and people with HIV continue to use the HIV care continuum to measure progress toward HIV goals as well as to pinpoint where gaps in services may exist in connecting individuals with HIV to sustained, quality care and treatment.
  • #76 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    For individuals with HIV to gain these benefits, they need to be aware that they have HIV, be connected to and engaged in regular HIV care, and receive and adhere to treatment with HIV medicine. […] People with HIV who have ongoing, regularly scheduled medical care have been shown to have better health outcomes and increased safer sexual behaviors. […] Rapid linkage to care is important because it can shorten the time to viral suppression, which helps people stay healthy and prevents sexual transmission of the virus. […] Federal, state, and local health departments, community-based organizations, health care providers, and people with HIV continue to use the HIV care continuum to measure progress toward HIV goals as well as to pinpoint where gaps in services may exist in connecting individuals with HIV to sustained, quality care and treatment.
  • #77 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    For individuals with HIV to gain these benefits, they need to be aware that they have HIV, be connected to and engaged in regular HIV care, and receive and adhere to treatment with HIV medicine. […] People with HIV who have ongoing, regularly scheduled medical care have been shown to have better health outcomes and increased safer sexual behaviors. […] Rapid linkage to care is important because it can shorten the time to viral suppression, which helps people stay healthy and prevents sexual transmission of the virus. […] Federal, state, and local health departments, community-based organizations, health care providers, and people with HIV continue to use the HIV care continuum to measure progress toward HIV goals as well as to pinpoint where gaps in services may exist in connecting individuals with HIV to sustained, quality care and treatment.
  • #78 HIV Care Continuum
    https://www.hiv.gov/federal-response/other-topics/hiv-aids-care-continuum
    For individuals with HIV to gain these benefits, they need to be aware that they have HIV, be connected to and engaged in regular HIV care, and receive and adhere to treatment with HIV medicine. […] People with HIV who have ongoing, regularly scheduled medical care have been shown to have better health outcomes and increased safer sexual behaviors. […] Rapid linkage to care is important because it can shorten the time to viral suppression, which helps people stay healthy and prevents sexual transmission of the virus. […] Federal, state, and local health departments, community-based organizations, health care providers, and people with HIV continue to use the HIV care continuum to measure progress toward HIV goals as well as to pinpoint where gaps in services may exist in connecting individuals with HIV to sustained, quality care and treatment.
  • #79 Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text
    https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4
    Home-based care is used in many countries to increase quality of life and limit hospital stay, particularly where public health services are overburdened. Home-based care objectives for HIV/AIDS can include medical care, delivery of antiretroviral treatment and psychosocial support. […] Reported adherence to antiretroviral drugs improved with nurse-led home-based care but did not affect viral load. […] Nurse-led home-based interventions could help adherence to antiretroviral therapy and improve mental health. […] Providing care in the home can overcome some of the barriers to care, such as transport costs and waiting times, and help to reduce the burden on health facilities. […] HBC objectives for HIV/AIDS can include improved medical care, delivery of ART and improved psychosocial well-being.
  • #80 Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text
    https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4
    Home-based care is used in many countries to increase quality of life and limit hospital stay, particularly where public health services are overburdened. Home-based care objectives for HIV/AIDS can include medical care, delivery of antiretroviral treatment and psychosocial support. […] Reported adherence to antiretroviral drugs improved with nurse-led home-based care but did not affect viral load. […] Nurse-led home-based interventions could help adherence to antiretroviral therapy and improve mental health. […] Providing care in the home can overcome some of the barriers to care, such as transport costs and waiting times, and help to reduce the burden on health facilities. […] HBC objectives for HIV/AIDS can include improved medical care, delivery of ART and improved psychosocial well-being.
  • #81 Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text
    https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4
    Home-based care is used in many countries to increase quality of life and limit hospital stay, particularly where public health services are overburdened. Home-based care objectives for HIV/AIDS can include medical care, delivery of antiretroviral treatment and psychosocial support. […] Reported adherence to antiretroviral drugs improved with nurse-led home-based care but did not affect viral load. […] Nurse-led home-based interventions could help adherence to antiretroviral therapy and improve mental health. […] Providing care in the home can overcome some of the barriers to care, such as transport costs and waiting times, and help to reduce the burden on health facilities. […] HBC objectives for HIV/AIDS can include improved medical care, delivery of ART and improved psychosocial well-being.
  • #82 Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text
    https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4
    Recent expansion of ART programmes has led to a growing emphasis on the decentralisation of HIV treatment in LMICs. […] The WHO recommends that nurse-led teams can deliver most interventions including initiating and monitoring ART, managing uncomplicated opportunistic infections and providing primary mental health and neurological care. […] The results indicate that nurse led home-based interventions could help adherence to ART. Psychiatric nurse support in those with existing mental health conditions improved mental health and depressive symptoms. Home-based psychological support impacted on HIV stigma, worry and physical functioning and in certain cases depressive symptoms. […] Further larger scale studies are needed looking in more detail at improving home-based medical care for HIV, for example screening for opportunistic infections and co-morbidities.
  • #83 Then and Now: How Nurses Shaped Care for HIV/AIDS Patients | UC San Francisco
    https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients
    It was June 1981 when a UC San Francisco nurse educator first heard of an unusual cancer that was being called Kaposis sarcoma. […] Lewis and others began studying the illness and how to care for patients suffering from it. […] In early 1983, UCSF partnered with the San Francisco Department of Public Health to create the first outpatient clinic devoted to caring for people with AIDS. […] Six months later, the hospital started the first dedicated inpatient AIDS unit in the nation, known as Ward 5B, which was largely nurse-led. […] Nurses played a crucial role in caring for HIV/AIDS patients, providing comfort, symptom management, and often, in the early days of the disease, palliative care for those who were dying. […] This patient-centered care approach became known as the San Francisco Model, and informed many of the team-based approaches to care that still exist today. […] From the earliest days of the epidemic through advances that have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, UCSF nurses and nurse scientists have played a critical role in crafting and improving HIV/AIDS care and changing all of nursing in the process.
  • #84 Then and Now: How Nurses Shaped Care for HIV/AIDS Patients | UC San Francisco
    https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients
    It was June 1981 when a UC San Francisco nurse educator first heard of an unusual cancer that was being called Kaposis sarcoma. […] Lewis and others began studying the illness and how to care for patients suffering from it. […] In early 1983, UCSF partnered with the San Francisco Department of Public Health to create the first outpatient clinic devoted to caring for people with AIDS. […] Six months later, the hospital started the first dedicated inpatient AIDS unit in the nation, known as Ward 5B, which was largely nurse-led. […] Nurses played a crucial role in caring for HIV/AIDS patients, providing comfort, symptom management, and often, in the early days of the disease, palliative care for those who were dying. […] This patient-centered care approach became known as the San Francisco Model, and informed many of the team-based approaches to care that still exist today. […] From the earliest days of the epidemic through advances that have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, UCSF nurses and nurse scientists have played a critical role in crafting and improving HIV/AIDS care and changing all of nursing in the process.
  • #85 Then and Now: How Nurses Shaped Care for HIV/AIDS Patients | UC San Francisco
    https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients
    It was June 1981 when a UC San Francisco nurse educator first heard of an unusual cancer that was being called Kaposis sarcoma. […] Lewis and others began studying the illness and how to care for patients suffering from it. […] In early 1983, UCSF partnered with the San Francisco Department of Public Health to create the first outpatient clinic devoted to caring for people with AIDS. […] Six months later, the hospital started the first dedicated inpatient AIDS unit in the nation, known as Ward 5B, which was largely nurse-led. […] Nurses played a crucial role in caring for HIV/AIDS patients, providing comfort, symptom management, and often, in the early days of the disease, palliative care for those who were dying. […] This patient-centered care approach became known as the San Francisco Model, and informed many of the team-based approaches to care that still exist today. […] From the earliest days of the epidemic through advances that have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, UCSF nurses and nurse scientists have played a critical role in crafting and improving HIV/AIDS care and changing all of nursing in the process.
  • #86 Then and Now: How Nurses Shaped Care for HIV/AIDS Patients | UC San Francisco
    https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients
    It was June 1981 when a UC San Francisco nurse educator first heard of an unusual cancer that was being called Kaposis sarcoma. […] Lewis and others began studying the illness and how to care for patients suffering from it. […] In early 1983, UCSF partnered with the San Francisco Department of Public Health to create the first outpatient clinic devoted to caring for people with AIDS. […] Six months later, the hospital started the first dedicated inpatient AIDS unit in the nation, known as Ward 5B, which was largely nurse-led. […] Nurses played a crucial role in caring for HIV/AIDS patients, providing comfort, symptom management, and often, in the early days of the disease, palliative care for those who were dying. […] This patient-centered care approach became known as the San Francisco Model, and informed many of the team-based approaches to care that still exist today. […] From the earliest days of the epidemic through advances that have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, UCSF nurses and nurse scientists have played a critical role in crafting and improving HIV/AIDS care and changing all of nursing in the process.
  • #87 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV can receive a variety of services and assistance through social workers and case managers. They can assist patients in navigating government programs, legal aid, and financial concerns while enabling them to make well-informed health choices. […] Patients diagnosed with HIV infection often develop anxiety disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. Disturbed body image is often associated with poor self-care behaviors, poor ART adherence, and risky behaviors. […] HIV infection affects the body’s ability to effectively absorb nutrients due to various infections. Malabsorption, altered metabolism, and weight loss caused by loss of appetite and mouth ulcers are common in patients with HIV infection. […] The decreased number of CD4 cells depresses immune function, causing the patient to be at higher risk of acquiring infection. […] HIV infection causes immunosuppression, placing patients at risk for illness. Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia can be life-threatening in patients with HIV/AIDS.
  • #88 HIV: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV can receive a variety of services and assistance through social workers and case managers. They can assist patients in navigating government programs, legal aid, and financial concerns while enabling them to make well-informed health choices. […] Patients diagnosed with HIV infection often develop anxiety disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. Disturbed body image is often associated with poor self-care behaviors, poor ART adherence, and risky behaviors. […] HIV infection affects the body’s ability to effectively absorb nutrients due to various infections. Malabsorption, altered metabolism, and weight loss caused by loss of appetite and mouth ulcers are common in patients with HIV infection. […] The decreased number of CD4 cells depresses immune function, causing the patient to be at higher risk of acquiring infection. […] HIV infection causes immunosuppression, placing patients at risk for illness. Opportunistic infections such as pneumonia can be life-threatening in patients with HIV/AIDS.
  • #89 Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDs – Nursing CEUs | CEUfast
    https://ceufast.com/course/care-of-the-patient-with-hivaids
    Patients with HIV have suppressed immune systems. […] The care plan may include the following to help prevent infections: Encourage and help achieve and maintain a clean, orderly environment and good personal hygiene. […] A balanced, healthy diet will help to maintain a patient’s weight despite symptoms common to HIV that make nutrition difficult. […] The care plan may include the following to help with dietary needs: Intake and output measures, Record food eaten (calorie count), Smaller, more frequent meals, Frequent nutritional snacks. […] Your HIV-infected patients need you! HIV is a viral disease that those infected will have until they succumb to it in its final deadly stage of AIDS, or death comes first from another cause. […] There is no cure for HIV. It is very important for the CNA or HHA to carry out the care plan to make the patient feel better and keep the patient from worsening.
  • #90 Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDs – Nursing CEUs | CEUfast
    https://ceufast.com/course/care-of-the-patient-with-hivaids
    Patients with HIV have suppressed immune systems. […] The care plan may include the following to help prevent infections: Encourage and help achieve and maintain a clean, orderly environment and good personal hygiene. […] A balanced, healthy diet will help to maintain a patient’s weight despite symptoms common to HIV that make nutrition difficult. […] The care plan may include the following to help with dietary needs: Intake and output measures, Record food eaten (calorie count), Smaller, more frequent meals, Frequent nutritional snacks. […] Your HIV-infected patients need you! HIV is a viral disease that those infected will have until they succumb to it in its final deadly stage of AIDS, or death comes first from another cause. […] There is no cure for HIV. It is very important for the CNA or HHA to carry out the care plan to make the patient feel better and keep the patient from worsening.
  • #91 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    The following are the nursing priorities for patients with HIV/AIDS: Initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monitor and manage opportunistic infections. Provide comprehensive HIV care and support. Promote prevention and safe behavior. Address coexisting health conditions. Offer psychosocial support. Promote preventive care and screenings. Support treatment adherence and retention in care. Provide education on risk reduction for HIV transmission. Promote a healthy lifestyle. […] Patients with AIDS may experience compromised skin integrity due to several factors. The immunodeficiency associated with AIDS can increase the risk of skin infections, slow wound healing, and make individuals more susceptible to dermatological conditions such as fungal infections and skin rashes. Proper skincare, infection prevention measures, and timely management of skin-related issues are essential in maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications in patients with AIDS.
  • #92 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    The following are the nursing priorities for patients with HIV/AIDS: Initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monitor and manage opportunistic infections. Provide comprehensive HIV care and support. Promote prevention and safe behavior. Address coexisting health conditions. Offer psychosocial support. Promote preventive care and screenings. Support treatment adherence and retention in care. Provide education on risk reduction for HIV transmission. Promote a healthy lifestyle. […] Patients with AIDS may experience compromised skin integrity due to several factors. The immunodeficiency associated with AIDS can increase the risk of skin infections, slow wound healing, and make individuals more susceptible to dermatological conditions such as fungal infections and skin rashes. Proper skincare, infection prevention measures, and timely management of skin-related issues are essential in maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications in patients with AIDS.
  • #93 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    The following are the nursing priorities for patients with HIV/AIDS: Initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monitor and manage opportunistic infections. Provide comprehensive HIV care and support. Promote prevention and safe behavior. Address coexisting health conditions. Offer psychosocial support. Promote preventive care and screenings. Support treatment adherence and retention in care. Provide education on risk reduction for HIV transmission. Promote a healthy lifestyle. […] Patients with AIDS may experience compromised skin integrity due to several factors. The immunodeficiency associated with AIDS can increase the risk of skin infections, slow wound healing, and make individuals more susceptible to dermatological conditions such as fungal infections and skin rashes. Proper skincare, infection prevention measures, and timely management of skin-related issues are essential in maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications in patients with AIDS.
  • #94 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of infection due to their compromised immune system, which is unable to effectively fight off opportunistic infections. Certain treatments for HIV/AIDS, such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications, can also further increase the risk of infection. To mitigate this risk, patients with HIV/AIDS require close monitoring, appropriate prophylactic treatments, and management of co-occurring infections or conditions. […] Patients with HIV/AIDS may have a lack of knowledge about their disease, its transmission, treatment options, and available resources. This can lead to poor medication adherence, increased risk of opportunistic infections, and other negative health outcomes.
  • #95 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of infection due to their compromised immune system, which is unable to effectively fight off opportunistic infections. Certain treatments for HIV/AIDS, such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications, can also further increase the risk of infection. To mitigate this risk, patients with HIV/AIDS require close monitoring, appropriate prophylactic treatments, and management of co-occurring infections or conditions. […] Patients with HIV/AIDS may have a lack of knowledge about their disease, its transmission, treatment options, and available resources. This can lead to poor medication adherence, increased risk of opportunistic infections, and other negative health outcomes.
  • #96 Managing the Care of Patients with HIV Infection | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association
    https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/managing-care-patients-hiv-infection/2009-12
    Laboratory testing is performed to assess immune status and rule out concomitant diseases or exposure to previous infections possibly requiring treatment, prophylaxis, or immunization. […] A number of preventive measures contribute to disease avoidance for patients with HIV infection. These include routine immunizations, cervical cancer screening, and medications for primary and secondary prophylaxis of opportunistic diseases. […] Opportunistic infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. These infections result from an imbalance in cell-mediated immunity. […] The goals of antiretroviral therapy are to prolong life, avoid destruction or allow reconstitution of the immune system, prevent opportunistic infections, and provide improved quality of life by reducing HIV-related symptoms. Effective therapy aims to lower the HIV RNA viral load to less than 50 copies/mL.
  • #97 Managing the Care of Patients with HIV Infection | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association
    https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/managing-care-patients-hiv-infection/2009-12
    Laboratory testing is performed to assess immune status and rule out concomitant diseases or exposure to previous infections possibly requiring treatment, prophylaxis, or immunization. […] A number of preventive measures contribute to disease avoidance for patients with HIV infection. These include routine immunizations, cervical cancer screening, and medications for primary and secondary prophylaxis of opportunistic diseases. […] Opportunistic infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. These infections result from an imbalance in cell-mediated immunity. […] The goals of antiretroviral therapy are to prolong life, avoid destruction or allow reconstitution of the immune system, prevent opportunistic infections, and provide improved quality of life by reducing HIV-related symptoms. Effective therapy aims to lower the HIV RNA viral load to less than 50 copies/mL.
  • #98 11 AIDS (HIV Positive) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs
    https://nurseslabs.com/aids-hiv-positive-nursing-care-plan/
    Patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of infection due to their compromised immune system, which is unable to effectively fight off opportunistic infections. Certain treatments for HIV/AIDS, such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications, can also further increase the risk of infection. To mitigate this risk, patients with HIV/AIDS require close monitoring, appropriate prophylactic treatments, and management of co-occurring infections or conditions. […] Patients with HIV/AIDS may have a lack of knowledge about their disease, its transmission, treatment options, and available resources. This can lead to poor medication adherence, increased risk of opportunistic infections, and other negative health outcomes.
  • #99 Issues in HIV/AIDS in adults in palliative care – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/issues-in-hiv-aids-in-adults-in-palliative-care
    Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical specialty that focuses on preventing and relieving suffering and on supporting the best possible quality of life for patients facing serious illness and their families/loved ones. The primary tenets are symptom management; establishing goals of care that are in keeping with the patient’s values and preferences; consistent and sustained communication between the patient and caregivers; and psychosocial, spiritual, and practical support, both to patients and their caregivers. […] The specific areas in which palliative care principles and expertise might assist in the care of individuals with HIV infection include establishing goals of care, advance care planning (ACP), making decisions about continuing or discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the end of life approaches, and symptom management.
  • #100 Issues in HIV/AIDS in adults in palliative care – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/issues-in-hiv-aids-in-adults-in-palliative-care
    Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical specialty that focuses on preventing and relieving suffering and on supporting the best possible quality of life for patients facing serious illness and their families/loved ones. The primary tenets are symptom management; establishing goals of care that are in keeping with the patient’s values and preferences; consistent and sustained communication between the patient and caregivers; and psychosocial, spiritual, and practical support, both to patients and their caregivers. […] The specific areas in which palliative care principles and expertise might assist in the care of individuals with HIV infection include establishing goals of care, advance care planning (ACP), making decisions about continuing or discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the end of life approaches, and symptom management.
  • #101 Issues in HIV/AIDS in adults in palliative care – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/issues-in-hiv-aids-in-adults-in-palliative-care
    Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical specialty that focuses on preventing and relieving suffering and on supporting the best possible quality of life for patients facing serious illness and their families/loved ones. The primary tenets are symptom management; establishing goals of care that are in keeping with the patient’s values and preferences; consistent and sustained communication between the patient and caregivers; and psychosocial, spiritual, and practical support, both to patients and their caregivers. […] The specific areas in which palliative care principles and expertise might assist in the care of individuals with HIV infection include establishing goals of care, advance care planning (ACP), making decisions about continuing or discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the end of life approaches, and symptom management.
  • #102 Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS | Symptoms, Treatment | Get Palliative Care
    https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/disease-types/hivaids-palliative-care/
    HIV/AIDS is now an acute illness rather than a chronic illness because of new medicines (HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy). […] Palliative (pronounced pal-lee-uh-tiv) care is specialized medical care for people facing a serious illness like HIV/AIDS. The goal is to improve quality of life. […] If you’re living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care can help by managing your symptoms and treatment side effects. These include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Palliative care will help you and your family achieve quality of life.
  • #103 Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS | Symptoms, Treatment | Get Palliative Care
    https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/disease-types/hivaids-palliative-care/
    HIV/AIDS is now an acute illness rather than a chronic illness because of new medicines (HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy). […] Palliative (pronounced pal-lee-uh-tiv) care is specialized medical care for people facing a serious illness like HIV/AIDS. The goal is to improve quality of life. […] If you’re living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care can help by managing your symptoms and treatment side effects. These include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Palliative care will help you and your family achieve quality of life.
  • #104 Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS | Symptoms, Treatment | Get Palliative Care
    https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/disease-types/hivaids-palliative-care/
    HIV/AIDS is now an acute illness rather than a chronic illness because of new medicines (HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy). […] Palliative (pronounced pal-lee-uh-tiv) care is specialized medical care for people facing a serious illness like HIV/AIDS. The goal is to improve quality of life. […] If you’re living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care can help by managing your symptoms and treatment side effects. These include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Palliative care will help you and your family achieve quality of life.
  • #105 Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS | Symptoms, Treatment | Get Palliative Care
    https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/disease-types/hivaids-palliative-care/
    HIV/AIDS is now an acute illness rather than a chronic illness because of new medicines (HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy). […] Palliative (pronounced pal-lee-uh-tiv) care is specialized medical care for people facing a serious illness like HIV/AIDS. The goal is to improve quality of life. […] If you’re living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care can help by managing your symptoms and treatment side effects. These include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Palliative care will help you and your family achieve quality of life.
  • #106 Hospice Care for HIV and AIDS Patients | VITAS Healthcare
    https://www.vitas.com/care-services/personalized-care-plans-by-diagnosis/hiv-aids
    Hospice Care for HIV/AIDS Patients. The VITAS mission is to serve those in the end stages of HIV/AIDS, to relieve pain, control symptoms, improve quality of life and reduce anxiety for patients and their loved ones. […] In general, hospice patients are thought to have six months or less to live. When patients with HIV/AIDS decide to discontinue the use of a feeding tube or breathing machine, they are likely to benefit from HIV/AIDS hospice services. […] The goal of hospice is to relieve physical and emotional distress so patients can retain their dignity and remain comfortable. […] Hospice offers comprehensive services for patients with HIV/AIDS: Pain and symptom control. People with HIV/AIDS often develop concurrent illnesses and opportunistic infections. VITAS specialists in pain management ensure patients are comfortable.
  • #107 Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS | Symptoms, Treatment | Get Palliative Care
    https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/disease-types/hivaids-palliative-care/
    HIV/AIDS is now an acute illness rather than a chronic illness because of new medicines (HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy). […] Palliative (pronounced pal-lee-uh-tiv) care is specialized medical care for people facing a serious illness like HIV/AIDS. The goal is to improve quality of life. […] If you’re living with HIV/AIDS, palliative care can help by managing your symptoms and treatment side effects. These include pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. […] Palliative care will help you and your family achieve quality of life.
  • #108 Home | Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program
    https://ryanwhite.hrsa.gov/
    The HIV/AIDS Bureau provides a comprehensive system of HIV primary medical care, medications, and essential support service for low-income people with HIV. […] Get connected to HIV care, treatment, and support through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program.
  • #109 Communicable Disease Programs: HIV Care
    https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/hiv/program.html
    The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funds state, metropolitan and community-based programs to provide critical services to low-income persons living with HIV. […] Funded Ryan White Part B Care services include outpatient/ambulatory health services, medications, mental health services, substance abuse outpatient care services, oral health care, early intervention services, health insurance premium and cost sharing assistance, medical nutrition therapy, home health care, home and community-based health services, medical case management including treatment adherence services, transportation, emergency financial assistance, food bank/home delivered meals, health education/risk reduction, linguistic services, non-medical case management services, psychosocial support services, and referral for health care and support services.
  • #110 Communicable Disease Programs: HIV Care
    https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/hiv/program.html
    The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funds state, metropolitan and community-based programs to provide critical services to low-income persons living with HIV. […] Funded Ryan White Part B Care services include outpatient/ambulatory health services, medications, mental health services, substance abuse outpatient care services, oral health care, early intervention services, health insurance premium and cost sharing assistance, medical nutrition therapy, home health care, home and community-based health services, medical case management including treatment adherence services, transportation, emergency financial assistance, food bank/home delivered meals, health education/risk reduction, linguistic services, non-medical case management services, psychosocial support services, and referral for health care and support services.
  • #111 AIDS and HIV Health Center – WebMD
    https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/default.htm
    If you live with an advanced case of HIV, you can be an easy target for different infections and diseases. […] You can live a normal life with HIV. With your doctors help and advice, you can take steps to stay as healthy as possible. […] If you are HIV-positive, you can still have sex. In some cases, you can even have unprotected sex without putting your partner at risk. […] Many groups can help connect you to medical, financial, and emotional support if you have HIV. […] HIV treatment as prevention means a person living with HIV takes meds to prevent passing the virus to someone without it.
  • #112 Barriers to care for HIV
    https://womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv/barriers-care-hiv
    Early treatment with HIV medicine can help keep you healthy and prevent HIV from progressing into AIDS. It can also help prevent spreading HIV to others. […] Many resources and programs are available to help women access care for HIV or AIDS. […] With the Affordable Care Act, women with HIV now have access to insurance, expanded Medicaid coverage, and lower prescription costs. […] Women with AIDS can access low-income housing opportunities. […] The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program provides HIV-related services in the United States for people with HIV who need care but can’t afford it.
  • #113 Barriers to care for HIV
    https://womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv/barriers-care-hiv
    Early treatment with HIV medicine can help keep you healthy and prevent HIV from progressing into AIDS. It can also help prevent spreading HIV to others. […] Many resources and programs are available to help women access care for HIV or AIDS. […] With the Affordable Care Act, women with HIV now have access to insurance, expanded Medicaid coverage, and lower prescription costs. […] Women with AIDS can access low-income housing opportunities. […] The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program provides HIV-related services in the United States for people with HIV who need care but can’t afford it.
  • #114 Barriers to care for HIV
    https://womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv/barriers-care-hiv
    Early treatment with HIV medicine can help keep you healthy and prevent HIV from progressing into AIDS. It can also help prevent spreading HIV to others. […] Many resources and programs are available to help women access care for HIV or AIDS. […] With the Affordable Care Act, women with HIV now have access to insurance, expanded Medicaid coverage, and lower prescription costs. […] Women with AIDS can access low-income housing opportunities. […] The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program provides HIV-related services in the United States for people with HIV who need care but can’t afford it.
  • #115 HIV and AIDS | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiv-and-aids
    If you are unable to take your HIV medication as prescribed, the virus can multiply again and become resistant to the antiretroviral medication you are currently taking and will not be as effective. […] If you have recently been diagnosed with HIV, more information is available from: Thorne Harbour Health, Living Positive Victoria, Victorian HIV Service, HIV Hepatitis STI Education and Resource Centre. […] If you test positive, counselling can provide emotional support, further information about living with HIV, and referrals to support services. […] HIV can prompt intense feelings in people, regardless of their HIV status. It is sometimes viewed with a sense of unacceptability or disgrace. […] Breaking down stigma is a community response where: Doctors and health care providers ensure their services are free from stigma, and support people with HIV to build resilience against it.
  • #116 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    HIV/AIDS nurses create long-term bonds with communities that face barriers in accessing care. […] HIV/AIDS nurses understand like no other healthcare professional the unique needs and challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS. The need for HIV/AIDS nurses will only surge as more than half of patients living with HIV/AIDS will be 70 years or older by 2030 and may struggle with multiple comorbidities. […] HIV/AIDS nurses hold registered nurse (RN) licenses and often certifications to care for people living with infectious diseases and HIV/AIDS. This position provides long-term care to improve the lives of patients. Healthcare workers in HIV nursing often see the same patients from the time of diagnosis. […] Education serves as a major focus for HIV/AIDS nurses who teach patients about treatment options. Nurses in this specialty work with physicians, nurse practitioners, case managers, and specialists to develop healthcare plans and deliver treatments. HIV/AIDS nurses also help patients who may encounter barriers to accessing treatments.
  • #117 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    HIV/AIDS nurses create long-term bonds with communities that face barriers in accessing care. […] HIV/AIDS nurses understand like no other healthcare professional the unique needs and challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS. The need for HIV/AIDS nurses will only surge as more than half of patients living with HIV/AIDS will be 70 years or older by 2030 and may struggle with multiple comorbidities. […] HIV/AIDS nurses hold registered nurse (RN) licenses and often certifications to care for people living with infectious diseases and HIV/AIDS. This position provides long-term care to improve the lives of patients. Healthcare workers in HIV nursing often see the same patients from the time of diagnosis. […] Education serves as a major focus for HIV/AIDS nurses who teach patients about treatment options. Nurses in this specialty work with physicians, nurse practitioners, case managers, and specialists to develop healthcare plans and deliver treatments. HIV/AIDS nurses also help patients who may encounter barriers to accessing treatments.
  • #118 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    HIV/AIDS nurses create long-term bonds with communities that face barriers in accessing care. […] HIV/AIDS nurses understand like no other healthcare professional the unique needs and challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS. The need for HIV/AIDS nurses will only surge as more than half of patients living with HIV/AIDS will be 70 years or older by 2030 and may struggle with multiple comorbidities. […] HIV/AIDS nurses hold registered nurse (RN) licenses and often certifications to care for people living with infectious diseases and HIV/AIDS. This position provides long-term care to improve the lives of patients. Healthcare workers in HIV nursing often see the same patients from the time of diagnosis. […] Education serves as a major focus for HIV/AIDS nurses who teach patients about treatment options. Nurses in this specialty work with physicians, nurse practitioners, case managers, and specialists to develop healthcare plans and deliver treatments. HIV/AIDS nurses also help patients who may encounter barriers to accessing treatments.
  • #119 HANCB Home | Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
    https://www.nursesinaidscare.org/hancb/
    Advance your nursing career and improve patient outcomes by becoming an HIV/AIDS Certified LPN/LVN (ACLPN), HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (ACRN) or Advanced HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (AACRN). […] HIV certified nurses are instrumental in advocating and improving the quality of care for HIV patients. […] Through this certification you will gain the unique knowledge base and range of skills needed to best serve these patients.
  • #120 HANCB Home | Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
    https://www.nursesinaidscare.org/hancb/
    Advance your nursing career and improve patient outcomes by becoming an HIV/AIDS Certified LPN/LVN (ACLPN), HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (ACRN) or Advanced HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (AACRN). […] HIV certified nurses are instrumental in advocating and improving the quality of care for HIV patients. […] Through this certification you will gain the unique knowledge base and range of skills needed to best serve these patients.
  • #121 HANCB Home | Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
    https://www.nursesinaidscare.org/hancb/
    Advance your nursing career and improve patient outcomes by becoming an HIV/AIDS Certified LPN/LVN (ACLPN), HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (ACRN) or Advanced HIV/AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (AACRN). […] HIV certified nurses are instrumental in advocating and improving the quality of care for HIV patients. […] Through this certification you will gain the unique knowledge base and range of skills needed to best serve these patients.
  • #122 HIV Nursing | Duke University School of Nursing
    https://nursing.duke.edu/academic-programs/continuing-education-specialized-programs/specialty-certificates/hiv-specialty
    Nearly four decades into the HIV epidemic, advances in diagnosis and treatment have transformed an almost universally fatal illness into a manageable chronic health problem. […] People with HIV are living longer, with primary care needs similar to those without HIV. […] The HIV nursing specialty is open to MSN students enrolled in Dukes Adult-Gerontology, Family, Psychiatric Mental Health and Womens Health nurse practitioner programs, and graduates of those programs currently pursuing the Duke DNP. […] The HIV specialist certificate is also available as a non-degree option for licensed clinicians seeking to advance their knowledge and expertise in caring for this unique patient population. […] As a student in our HIV nursing program, youll gain sought-after knowledge and skills through didactic instruction in HIV/AIDS pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial issues and clinical management.
  • #123 HIV Nursing | Duke University School of Nursing
    https://nursing.duke.edu/academic-programs/continuing-education-specialized-programs/specialty-certificates/hiv-specialty
    Nearly four decades into the HIV epidemic, advances in diagnosis and treatment have transformed an almost universally fatal illness into a manageable chronic health problem. […] People with HIV are living longer, with primary care needs similar to those without HIV. […] The HIV nursing specialty is open to MSN students enrolled in Dukes Adult-Gerontology, Family, Psychiatric Mental Health and Womens Health nurse practitioner programs, and graduates of those programs currently pursuing the Duke DNP. […] The HIV specialist certificate is also available as a non-degree option for licensed clinicians seeking to advance their knowledge and expertise in caring for this unique patient population. […] As a student in our HIV nursing program, youll gain sought-after knowledge and skills through didactic instruction in HIV/AIDS pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial issues and clinical management.
  • #124 Become an HIV & AIDS Nurse
    https://nursing.jnj.com/specialty/hiv-aids-nurse
    An HIV/AIDS Nurse helps patients with the treatment and management of this immunodeficiency disease. […] Youll help patients and families handle the stigma of HIV/AIDS and address misconceptions about the diseases contagiousness, causes, and effects. […] Youll help break down the myths surrounding the disease by advocating for your patients. […] Youll recommend support groups and other services to your patients. […] Youll teach patients and communities about how to live with and prevent the spread of the disease. […] Youll examine and monitor patients, administer medication, help manage side effects, treat secondary infections and work out treatment plans.
  • #125 Become an HIV & AIDS Nurse
    https://nursing.jnj.com/specialty/hiv-aids-nurse
    An HIV/AIDS Nurse helps patients with the treatment and management of this immunodeficiency disease. […] Youll help patients and families handle the stigma of HIV/AIDS and address misconceptions about the diseases contagiousness, causes, and effects. […] Youll help break down the myths surrounding the disease by advocating for your patients. […] Youll recommend support groups and other services to your patients. […] Youll teach patients and communities about how to live with and prevent the spread of the disease. […] Youll examine and monitor patients, administer medication, help manage side effects, treat secondary infections and work out treatment plans.
  • #126 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    People living with HIV/AIDS use prevention and treatment services at various facilities. Drug and alcohol treatment centers, medical clinics, community health centers, and state agencies hire HIV/AIDS nurses to deliver care, educate nurses and the public, and conduct clinical research. […] HIV/AIDS nurses focus on long-term acute care and preventative treatment of at-risk individuals. They also provide telephone triage, arrange lab work, administer medications, and provide education outreach. […] The job has its benefits and drawbacks. Pursuing a career in HIV nursing offers a chance to treat culturally diverse patient populations in multidisciplinary settings. Working in HIV nursing requires emotional and physical strength to work with patients who often have acute care needs. Nurses provide counseling to patients and help them find social support.
  • #127 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    People living with HIV/AIDS use prevention and treatment services at various facilities. Drug and alcohol treatment centers, medical clinics, community health centers, and state agencies hire HIV/AIDS nurses to deliver care, educate nurses and the public, and conduct clinical research. […] HIV/AIDS nurses focus on long-term acute care and preventative treatment of at-risk individuals. They also provide telephone triage, arrange lab work, administer medications, and provide education outreach. […] The job has its benefits and drawbacks. Pursuing a career in HIV nursing offers a chance to treat culturally diverse patient populations in multidisciplinary settings. Working in HIV nursing requires emotional and physical strength to work with patients who often have acute care needs. Nurses provide counseling to patients and help them find social support.
  • #128 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    Demand for this role may increase as people living with HIV/AIDS grow older and experience more complicated healthcare needs. As of 2020, 50% of people with HIV/AIDS are 50 years or older. […] HIV nursing requires empathy, patience, cultural competence, and the ability to connect with patients who may lack social support networks because of the stigma of the disease. These nurses need to perform a wide variety of duties and communicate clearly to a team of specialists. […] HIV/AIDS nurses work intimately long-term with patients and must be comfortable with acutely ill patients.
  • #129 HIV/AIDS Nurse Career Overview | Nursejournal.org
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/hiv-aids-nurse/
    Demand for this role may increase as people living with HIV/AIDS grow older and experience more complicated healthcare needs. As of 2020, 50% of people with HIV/AIDS are 50 years or older. […] HIV nursing requires empathy, patience, cultural competence, and the ability to connect with patients who may lack social support networks because of the stigma of the disease. These nurses need to perform a wide variety of duties and communicate clearly to a team of specialists. […] HIV/AIDS nurses work intimately long-term with patients and must be comfortable with acutely ill patients.
  • #130 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids
    AIDS is a disease that can develop in people who have the HIV virus. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can typically prevent AIDS from developing in people with HIV. […] Without treatment, a person with HIV is likely to develop a serious condition called the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, known as AIDS. […] Untreated, life expectancy with end stage AIDS is about 3 years. With antiretroviral therapy, HIV can be well-managed, and life expectancy can be nearly the same as someone who has not contracted HIV. […] If AIDS does develop, it means that the immune system is severely compromised, that is, weakened to the point where it can no longer successfully respond against most diseases and infections. […] Antiretroviral therapy controls the virus and usually prevents progression to AIDS. Other infections and complications of AIDS can also be treated. That treatment must be tailored to the individual needs of the person.
  • #131 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids
    AIDS is a disease that can develop in people who have the HIV virus. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can typically prevent AIDS from developing in people with HIV. […] Without treatment, a person with HIV is likely to develop a serious condition called the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, known as AIDS. […] Untreated, life expectancy with end stage AIDS is about 3 years. With antiretroviral therapy, HIV can be well-managed, and life expectancy can be nearly the same as someone who has not contracted HIV. […] If AIDS does develop, it means that the immune system is severely compromised, that is, weakened to the point where it can no longer successfully respond against most diseases and infections. […] Antiretroviral therapy controls the virus and usually prevents progression to AIDS. Other infections and complications of AIDS can also be treated. That treatment must be tailored to the individual needs of the person.
  • #132 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids
    AIDS is a disease that can develop in people who have the HIV virus. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can typically prevent AIDS from developing in people with HIV. […] Without treatment, a person with HIV is likely to develop a serious condition called the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, known as AIDS. […] Untreated, life expectancy with end stage AIDS is about 3 years. With antiretroviral therapy, HIV can be well-managed, and life expectancy can be nearly the same as someone who has not contracted HIV. […] If AIDS does develop, it means that the immune system is severely compromised, that is, weakened to the point where it can no longer successfully respond against most diseases and infections. […] Antiretroviral therapy controls the virus and usually prevents progression to AIDS. Other infections and complications of AIDS can also be treated. That treatment must be tailored to the individual needs of the person.
  • #133 HIV and AIDS: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids
    With the consistent use of this antiretroviral therapy, chronic HIV can last for decades and will likely not develop into AIDS, if treatment was started early enough. […] To develop AIDS, a person has to have contracted HIV. But having HIV doesn’t necessarily mean that someone will develop AIDS. […] Without proper and consistent treatment, people living with HIV can develop AIDS sooner. By that time, the immune system is quite damaged and has a harder time generating a response to infection and disease. […] If HIV is found and treated early with antiretroviral therapy, a person will usually not develop AIDS.
  • #134 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    When HIV/AIDS was first discovered, it was considered a fatal disease because there was no treatment available yet. Over the years, we have made many advancements in medicine that have made HIV manageable. […] A patient with HIV/AIDS should undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART) to slow the progression of the virus. Patients should start ART as soon as possible after a positive HIV diagnosis, and that can be an effective way to prevent HIV from becoming AIDS and for the patient to stay healthy for many years. […] It’s important for patients with HIV/AIDS to prevent infection since their immune system is compromised. Here are some tips to teach: They should keep really good hand hygiene by washing their hands often. They should bathe daily with antimicrobial soap. They should avoid raw and undercooked foods as well as fresh plants (potential fungus). They should not clean cat litter boxes (for the same reason that pregnant people should not clean cat litter boxes, because of the Toxoplasma parasite). They should avoid crowds and sick people.
  • #135 Med-Surg: HIV/AIDS Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/immune-system-7-hiv-aids-signs-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqmL3a55AghRpdw-X2CCa10RXGIOjTxUB4z8BeFEuZd–PCKwOd
    When HIV/AIDS was first discovered, it was considered a fatal disease because there was no treatment available yet. Over the years, we have made many advancements in medicine that have made HIV manageable. […] A patient with HIV/AIDS should undergo antiretroviral therapy (ART) to slow the progression of the virus. Patients should start ART as soon as possible after a positive HIV diagnosis, and that can be an effective way to prevent HIV from becoming AIDS and for the patient to stay healthy for many years. […] It’s important for patients with HIV/AIDS to prevent infection since their immune system is compromised. Here are some tips to teach: They should keep really good hand hygiene by washing their hands often. They should bathe daily with antimicrobial soap. They should avoid raw and undercooked foods as well as fresh plants (potential fungus). They should not clean cat litter boxes (for the same reason that pregnant people should not clean cat litter boxes, because of the Toxoplasma parasite). They should avoid crowds and sick people.
  • #136 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #137 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #138 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #139 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #140 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #141 HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is an ongoing, also called chronic, condition. It’s caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV. HIV damages the immune system so that the body is less able to fight infection and disease. If HIV isn’t treated, it can take years before it weakens the immune system enough to become AIDS. Thanks to treatment, most people in the U.S. don’t get AIDS. […] There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS. But medicines can control the infection and keep the disease from getting worse. Antiviral treatments for HIV have reduced AIDS deaths around the world. There’s an ongoing effort to make ways to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS more available in resource-poor countries. […] Better antiviral treatments have greatly decreased deaths from AIDS worldwide. Thanks to these lifesaving treatments, most people with HIV in the U.S. today don’t get AIDS. Untreated, HIV most often turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. […] HIV infection weakens your immune system. The infection makes you much more likely to get many infections and certain types of cancers. […] There’s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for HIV/AIDS. But you can protect yourself and others from infection.
  • #142 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment | St. Jude Care & Treatment
    https://www.stjude.org/care-treatment/treatment/infectious-diseases/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv.html
    Continuity of HIV care: Patients living with HIV who are under age 22 are accepted in the program. Our patients are provided the latest recommended HIV care. Patients are supported through age 24. After patients turn 24, they transition to an adult care provider of their choice. A health care provider can refer a child or youth living with HIV to St. Jude. […] A commitment to the community: The St. Jude HIV clinical staff is committed to HIV education and prevention in the community. Our doctors, advanced practice providers, outreach workers, and social workers provide HIV education and prevention presentations throughout the community and local school system. This includes a St. Jude-founded community group called Connect 2 Protect (C2P) to raise awareness and do outreach about HIV/AIDS in Memphis and the region. St. Jude is also leading an effort called Operation Zero to eliminate new cases of HIV/AIDS in Memphis by 2030. […] St. Jude offers clinical trials and research studies for children, teens, and young adults for HIV/AIDS.
  • #143 HIV: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hiv/?srsltid=AfmBOopIWjeYkLUiBagDYVgsopF7udCrQPXfQcsamZNd91iuw8C8Vp44
    Nurses play a critical role in managing patients with HIV, from diagnosis through long-term care. Key areas of focus include medication adherence, managing comorbidities, and preventing opportunistic infections. […] The patient will achieve and maintain viral suppression with consistent adherence to ART. […] The patient will demonstrate an understanding of safe practices to prevent the transmission of HIV. […] The patient will maintain adequate nutritional status and avoid opportunistic infections. […] The patient will show improved mental health and coping skills regarding their HIV status. […] Educate patients about the importance of strict adherence to ART to maintain viral suppression and prevent drug resistance. […] Teach patients about the importance of routine screenings for tuberculosis, hepatitis, and other infections, as well as vaccinations against pneumococcal disease, influenza, and hepatitis B.
  • #144 HIV: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hiv/?srsltid=AfmBOopIWjeYkLUiBagDYVgsopF7udCrQPXfQcsamZNd91iuw8C8Vp44
    Nurses play a critical role in managing patients with HIV, from diagnosis through long-term care. Key areas of focus include medication adherence, managing comorbidities, and preventing opportunistic infections. […] The patient will achieve and maintain viral suppression with consistent adherence to ART. […] The patient will demonstrate an understanding of safe practices to prevent the transmission of HIV. […] The patient will maintain adequate nutritional status and avoid opportunistic infections. […] The patient will show improved mental health and coping skills regarding their HIV status. […] Educate patients about the importance of strict adherence to ART to maintain viral suppression and prevent drug resistance. […] Teach patients about the importance of routine screenings for tuberculosis, hepatitis, and other infections, as well as vaccinations against pneumococcal disease, influenza, and hepatitis B.
  • #145 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nurses provide holistic care to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. […] They also educate patients on the importance of adherence to treatment regimens, helping them lead healthier lives. […] Nurses offer a compassionate ear, lend emotional support, and help patients navigate the complex emotional journey associated with the disease. […] Nurses engage in preventive education, emphasizing the importance of safer sex practices, the use of condoms, and regular testing for HIV. […] They push for policy changes that can improve the lives of those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Their dedication to advocacy, awareness, and compassionate care is indispensable in the fight against this global epidemic.
  • #146 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nurses provide holistic care to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. […] They also educate patients on the importance of adherence to treatment regimens, helping them lead healthier lives. […] Nurses offer a compassionate ear, lend emotional support, and help patients navigate the complex emotional journey associated with the disease. […] Nurses engage in preventive education, emphasizing the importance of safer sex practices, the use of condoms, and regular testing for HIV. […] They push for policy changes that can improve the lives of those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Their dedication to advocacy, awareness, and compassionate care is indispensable in the fight against this global epidemic.
  • #147 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nurses provide holistic care to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. […] They also educate patients on the importance of adherence to treatment regimens, helping them lead healthier lives. […] Nurses offer a compassionate ear, lend emotional support, and help patients navigate the complex emotional journey associated with the disease. […] Nurses engage in preventive education, emphasizing the importance of safer sex practices, the use of condoms, and regular testing for HIV. […] They push for policy changes that can improve the lives of those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Their dedication to advocacy, awareness, and compassionate care is indispensable in the fight against this global epidemic.
  • #148 World AIDS Day: Nurses’ Role in Advocacy | Smith Chason College
    https://smithchason.edu/blog/nursing-against-aids-advocacy-awareness-and-compassionate-care/
    Nurses provide holistic care to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. […] They also educate patients on the importance of adherence to treatment regimens, helping them lead healthier lives. […] Nurses offer a compassionate ear, lend emotional support, and help patients navigate the complex emotional journey associated with the disease. […] Nurses engage in preventive education, emphasizing the importance of safer sex practices, the use of condoms, and regular testing for HIV. […] They push for policy changes that can improve the lives of those living with HIV/AIDS. […] Their dedication to advocacy, awareness, and compassionate care is indispensable in the fight against this global epidemic.
  • #149 Then and Now: How Nurses Shaped Care for HIV/AIDS Patients | UC San Francisco
    https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients
    It was June 1981 when a UC San Francisco nurse educator first heard of an unusual cancer that was being called Kaposis sarcoma. […] Lewis and others began studying the illness and how to care for patients suffering from it. […] In early 1983, UCSF partnered with the San Francisco Department of Public Health to create the first outpatient clinic devoted to caring for people with AIDS. […] Six months later, the hospital started the first dedicated inpatient AIDS unit in the nation, known as Ward 5B, which was largely nurse-led. […] Nurses played a crucial role in caring for HIV/AIDS patients, providing comfort, symptom management, and often, in the early days of the disease, palliative care for those who were dying. […] This patient-centered care approach became known as the San Francisco Model, and informed many of the team-based approaches to care that still exist today. […] From the earliest days of the epidemic through advances that have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, UCSF nurses and nurse scientists have played a critical role in crafting and improving HIV/AIDS care and changing all of nursing in the process.
  • #150 HIV and AIDS (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/
    Helena M. Swinkels; Andrew D. Nguyen; Peter G. Gulick; Kathleen M. Pinto. […] Identify the role of nurse-led care teams in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the implementation of nurse-led teams to expand diagnostic testing and clinical care. They emphasize that nurse-led teams can effectively initiate antiretroviral therapy, manage uncomplicated opportunistic infections, and provide primary mental health/neurological care. Nurse-led home-based care has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). […] Consequently, increasing nurse awareness regarding the clinical presentation of various HIV stages, recommended initial therapy, and potential complications of the disease can greatly improve global outcomes for this highly prevalent and incurable disease.

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