Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  Bakers cyst is the most common cystic disease of the knee, and a fast and accurate diagnosis of Bakers cyst is essential for a better management. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of Bakers cyst and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. […] Ultrasound is likely to be a choice of imaging technique for screening Bakers cyst in clinical and population settings as well as in follow-ups. […] Bakers cyst (BC), also known as popliteal cyst, is the most common cystic disease of the knee, which affects approximately 11.7% of the middle-aged and elderly population. […] Pathological diagnosis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of BC. […] In clinical practice, diagnosis of BC is commonly confirmed by noninvasive imaging, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially for small and asymptomatic BC.

• #2 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJRA/12/1/10897

  Popliteal masses are frequently encountered in clinical settings. Bakers cysts occur most frequently and are easy to diagnose using imaging techniques such as MRI. […] The prevalence of popliteal cyst is dependent on the patient population of each research and on the research technique used to detect Bakers cyst, the reported prevalence rate of Baker s cyst ranged from 5% to 19% in a large MR imaging series. […] Complicated Bakers cyst with hemorrhage, loose bodies or debris within the cyst, is not uncommon on MR images. […] Recently, Molla et al. reported a 6.9% (10/145) incidence of complicated Bakers cyst on MRI. […] Comparing to occurrence of complicated Bakers cysts, popliteal cystic lesions mimicking Bakers cysts occur so rarely and they tend to be misinterpreted as complicated Bakers cyst.

• #3 Baker’s cyst – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/musculoskeletal-medicine/bakers-cyst

  The prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in adults were between 5 – 19% (according to a large series of knee MRI) […] children were 6.3% (according to a study of child knee MRI) (1). There are two age-incidence peaks observed in patients with popliteal cysts – the first one from 4 to 7 years and the other from 35 to 70 years (2).

• #4 Baker’s cyst – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/musculoskeletal-medicine/bakers-cyst

  The prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in adults were between 5 – 19% (according to a large series of knee MRI) […] children were 6.3% (according to a study of child knee MRI) (1). There are two age-incidence peaks observed in patients with popliteal cysts – the first one from 4 to 7 years and the other from 35 to 70 years (2).

• #5 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  The reported incidence and prevalence vary greatly depending on the type of imaging used. […] One study found that around 25% of patients with knee pain had a Baker’s cyst which was diagnosed by ultrasound. […] There are two age-incidence peaks between 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. […] There is no predilection for race or sex. […] The most common conditions associated with Baker’s cyst are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] In adults, the aetiology of Baker’s cyst may be related to an inflammatory process, meniscal tears or mechanical intra-articular derangements of the knee joint.

• #6 Prevalence of Baker cyst in patients presenting with knee pain | Rawal Medical Journal

  https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=77658

  Prevalence of Baker cyst in patients presenting with knee pain. […] This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 169 patients in the Department of Surgery, Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) Hospital, Taxila from January to December 2020, presenting with unilateral knee pain for more than 3 months. […] Forty-one (24.3%) patients had sonographic evidence of Baker cyst. […] The duration of knee pain had significant impact on prevalence (p=0.021). […] The sonographic evaluation of painful knee joint is worthwhile to detect Baker cyst, which was found in 29% of patients in our study.

• #7 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #8 A Baker’s Cyst – Everything You Need To Know

  https://centenoschultz.com/condition/bakers-cyst/

  About 38% of Bakers cysts are routinely discovered on MRI in people who complain of knee pain. […] MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis of a Bakers cyst. It also helps differentiate popliteal cysts from other conditions, such as meniscal tears, chondral defects, loose bodies, synovitis, osteoarthritis, and ligament tears if present. […] The only disadvantage is the cost, which means ultrasound is the preferred screening modality for Bakers cysts.

• #9 Cystic Lesions About the Knee: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250593-overview

  Chatzopoulos et al found that Baker cysts were present in 72 of 195 (37%) patients with knee osteoarthritis. Abnormal and intense tracer accumulation in early-phase bone scintigraphy occurred significantly more often in osteoarthritic knees with Baker cysts than in those without. The authors noted that clinical and radiographic variables were not able to predict the presence of those cysts. […] Sansone et al reported a 4.7% prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in a series of 1001 adult patients. Their most common associated lesions were meniscal lesions (83%), most frequently involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The authors also found that 43% of the meniscal lesions were associated with articular cartilage damage and that 32% were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #10 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  The reported incidence and prevalence vary greatly depending on the type of imaging used. […] One study found that around 25% of patients with knee pain had a Baker’s cyst which was diagnosed by ultrasound. […] There are two age-incidence peaks between 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. […] There is no predilection for race or sex. […] The most common conditions associated with Baker’s cyst are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] In adults, the aetiology of Baker’s cyst may be related to an inflammatory process, meniscal tears or mechanical intra-articular derangements of the knee joint.

• #11 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?lang=us

  Two peaks are described: at 4-7 years and 35-70 years. […] Recognized complications include: dissection: the cyst usually dissects inferomedially but can dissect proximally, anteriorly, intermuscularly or intramuscularly. […] Baker cysts are most often found incidentally when the knee is imaged for other reasons.

• #12 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Two peaks are described: at 4-7 years and 35-70 years. […] Associations include degenerative arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot joint involving the knee, and post-traumatic in athletes.

• #13 Baker’s Cyst Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  Bakers cyst is much more common in adults over the age of 40, but they can develop at any age and even in children. Its also more common in women because theyre more likely to develop conditions that are associated with Bakers cyst, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] You’re more likely to develop Baker’s cyst if you have an underlying problem with your knee. This is known as a secondary Bakers cyst. The most common cause of Bakers cyst in adults is osteoarthritis, caused by wear and tear of the joints, and rheumatoid arthritis, caused by the immune system. […] Bakers cysts are caused when fluid from within the knee joint fills up tissues at the back of the knee causing them to swell. This can happen in a healthy knee but usually occurs if you have an underlying condition that affects your joints or a sports-related injury.

• #14 Baker’s (popliteal) cyst: Treatments, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184714

  Bakers cysts most commonly affect women over the age of 40. […] Bakers cysts affect more women than men, probably because women develop rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis more often. […] Although people of any age may be affected, most patients are over 40 years.

• #15 Baker Cyst | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/b/bakers-cyst.html

  Baker cysts are common in both adults and children. But theyre more common as a person gets older. […] You may be more likely to get a Baker cyst if you have other problems of the knee joint, such as: Osteoarthritis of the knee, Rheumatoid arthritis of the knee, Tearing of the pads of cartilage (menisci) inside the knee, Infectious arthritis. […] Many people with Baker cysts dont have any symptoms. You might have some pain behind the knee. […] Surgery isn’t usually needed for a Baker cyst. […] In rare cases, a Baker cyst can rupture. This can cause serious complications. See your healthcare provider right away if your leg is red and swollen.

• #16

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  Baker’s cysts usually develop in people aged 30 to 70, although they can affect people of any age, including children. […] See your GP if you have a lump behind your knee that’s causing problems and does not clear up on its own. They’ll usually be able to diagnose a Baker’s cyst by examining the back of your knee and asking about your symptoms. […] Tests may be recommended to rule out other more serious conditions, such as a tumour, an aneurysm (bulge in a section of a blood vessel) or DVT (deep vein thrombosis) (a blood clot in one of the deep veins of the body). You may need an ultrasound scan or a MRI scan.

• #17 Bilateral Baker Cysts | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/bilateral-baker-cysts

  Based on the examination results, the boy received a diagnosis of Baker cysts of both popliteal fossae. […] Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled cysts that result from extrusion of synovial fluid from the knee joint into the popliteal bursa, usually following minor trauma or pathologic processes of the knee joint. They are more common in adults, with a reported incidence of 5% to 19%, and less common in children, with a reported incidence of approximately 6%. […] Primary Baker cysts usually occur in children. They usually are asymptomatic and thus are typically found incidentally in children. […] Secondary Baker cysts, on the other hand, arise secondary to pathology in the joint cavity and thus are generally more symptomatic. They are more common in adults. […] Primary Baker cysts have a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously by 18 years of age. Therefore, they usually are followed conservatively until resolved and almost never require treatment. Secondary cysts, on the other hand, usually require medical or surgical management, or both.

• #18 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  Pediatric patients rarely exhibit Bakers cysts. […] The incidence of Bakers cyst represents 2.4% in small prospective screening populations. […] There is still a debate whether Bakers cysts or popliteal cysts in children communicate or not with the internal joint space. […] Bakers cyst does not require surgical management in the majority of patients; however, in children with Bakers cyst who were managed conservatively, there is partial or total remission of the growth in approximately half of these patients. […] Surgical excision is the preferred decision in children presented with persistent painful symptoms. […] Till now, there is no consensus about the ideal management of Bakers cysts in children and many controversies were reported between surgical excision against conservative management.

• #19 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  Pediatric patients rarely exhibit Bakers cysts. […] The incidence of Bakers cyst represents 2.4% in small prospective screening populations. […] There is still a debate whether Bakers cysts or popliteal cysts in children communicate or not with the internal joint space. […] Bakers cyst does not require surgical management in the majority of patients; however, in children with Bakers cyst who were managed conservatively, there is partial or total remission of the growth in approximately half of these patients. […] Surgical excision is the preferred decision in children presented with persistent painful symptoms. […] Till now, there is no consensus about the ideal management of Bakers cysts in children and many controversies were reported between surgical excision against conservative management.

• #20 Baker’s (popliteal) cyst: Treatments, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184714

  Bakers cysts most commonly affect women over the age of 40. […] Bakers cysts affect more women than men, probably because women develop rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis more often. […] Although people of any age may be affected, most patients are over 40 years.

• #21 Baker’s Cyst: Causes, Symptoms and Injection Treatment

  https://jointcarelondon.com/conditions/bakers-cyst

  Baker’s cysts are most common in adults over the age of 40, but they can occur at any age. […] They are more common in people who have arthritis, cartilage tears, or meniscus tears. […] Women are also more likely to develop Baker’s cysts than men.

• #22 Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst

  Baker’s cysts are more common in women than men, probably because women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] They usually develop in people aged over 40, although can affect people of any age, including children.

• #23 Baker’s (popliteal) cyst: Treatments, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184714

  Bakers cysts most commonly affect women over the age of 40. […] Bakers cysts affect more women than men, probably because women develop rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis more often. […] Although people of any age may be affected, most patients are over 40 years.

• #24 Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst

  Baker’s cysts are more common in women than men, probably because women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] They usually develop in people aged over 40, although can affect people of any age, including children.

• #25 Baker’s Cyst Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  Bakers cyst is much more common in adults over the age of 40, but they can develop at any age and even in children. Its also more common in women because theyre more likely to develop conditions that are associated with Bakers cyst, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] You’re more likely to develop Baker’s cyst if you have an underlying problem with your knee. This is known as a secondary Bakers cyst. The most common cause of Bakers cyst in adults is osteoarthritis, caused by wear and tear of the joints, and rheumatoid arthritis, caused by the immune system. […] Bakers cysts are caused when fluid from within the knee joint fills up tissues at the back of the knee causing them to swell. This can happen in a healthy knee but usually occurs if you have an underlying condition that affects your joints or a sports-related injury.

• #26 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  The reported incidence and prevalence vary greatly depending on the type of imaging used. […] One study found that around 25% of patients with knee pain had a Baker’s cyst which was diagnosed by ultrasound. […] There are two age-incidence peaks between 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. […] There is no predilection for race or sex. […] The most common conditions associated with Baker’s cyst are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] In adults, the aetiology of Baker’s cyst may be related to an inflammatory process, meniscal tears or mechanical intra-articular derangements of the knee joint.

• #27 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #28 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  The reported incidence and prevalence vary greatly depending on the type of imaging used. […] One study found that around 25% of patients with knee pain had a Baker’s cyst which was diagnosed by ultrasound. […] There are two age-incidence peaks between 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. […] There is no predilection for race or sex. […] The most common conditions associated with Baker’s cyst are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] In adults, the aetiology of Baker’s cyst may be related to an inflammatory process, meniscal tears or mechanical intra-articular derangements of the knee joint.

• #29 Baker’s Cyst Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  Bakers cyst is much more common in adults over the age of 40, but they can develop at any age and even in children. Its also more common in women because theyre more likely to develop conditions that are associated with Bakers cyst, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] You’re more likely to develop Baker’s cyst if you have an underlying problem with your knee. This is known as a secondary Bakers cyst. The most common cause of Bakers cyst in adults is osteoarthritis, caused by wear and tear of the joints, and rheumatoid arthritis, caused by the immune system. […] Bakers cysts are caused when fluid from within the knee joint fills up tissues at the back of the knee causing them to swell. This can happen in a healthy knee but usually occurs if you have an underlying condition that affects your joints or a sports-related injury.

• #30 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  The reported incidence and prevalence vary greatly depending on the type of imaging used. […] One study found that around 25% of patients with knee pain had a Baker’s cyst which was diagnosed by ultrasound. […] There are two age-incidence peaks between 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. […] There is no predilection for race or sex. […] The most common conditions associated with Baker’s cyst are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] In adults, the aetiology of Baker’s cyst may be related to an inflammatory process, meniscal tears or mechanical intra-articular derangements of the knee joint.

• #31 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Two peaks are described: at 4-7 years and 35-70 years. […] Associations include degenerative arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot joint involving the knee, and post-traumatic in athletes.

• #32 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #33 Cystic Lesions About the Knee: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250593-overview

  Chatzopoulos et al found that Baker cysts were present in 72 of 195 (37%) patients with knee osteoarthritis. Abnormal and intense tracer accumulation in early-phase bone scintigraphy occurred significantly more often in osteoarthritic knees with Baker cysts than in those without. The authors noted that clinical and radiographic variables were not able to predict the presence of those cysts. […] Sansone et al reported a 4.7% prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in a series of 1001 adult patients. Their most common associated lesions were meniscal lesions (83%), most frequently involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The authors also found that 43% of the meniscal lesions were associated with articular cartilage damage and that 32% were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #34 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #35 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #36 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst/

  Baker’s cysts, also known as popliteal cysts, are one of the most common disorders in the knee. […] Baker’s cysts typically result from a problem inside the knee joint, such as osteoarthritis or a meniscus tear. […] In adults, Baker’s cysts usually result from an injury or condition that causes swelling and inflammation inside the knee joint, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, meniscus tear, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and other conditions that damage the tissues inside the joint. […] In younger patients, Baker’s cysts often have no known cause. […] Most Baker’s cysts will go away on their own. For cysts that do not disappear, initial treatment is always nonsurgical in nature and may include one or more of the following: observation, activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injection, and aspiration. […] Surgical treatment for a Baker’s cyst is rarely needed. However, it may be recommended if you have painful symptoms that are not relieved with nonsurgical treatment or if your cyst returns repeatedly after aspiration.

• #37 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. […] Bakers cysts are commonly found associated with intra-articular knee disorders. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Popliteal cysts are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practices that treat knee disorders. They are routinely discovered on up to 38% of magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) performed in the symptomatic knee. […] The formation of the popliteal cyst in adults is frequently found in association with an intra-articular disorder, up to 94%. […] Knee pathologies that have been linked to Bakers cysts include the presence of meniscus tears, size of effusion, osteoarthritis, chondral lesions, inflammatory arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #38 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Two peaks are described: at 4-7 years and 35-70 years. […] Associations include degenerative arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot joint involving the knee, and post-traumatic in athletes.

• #39 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Two peaks are described: at 4-7 years and 35-70 years. […] Associations include degenerative arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot joint involving the knee, and post-traumatic in athletes.

• #40 Cystic Lesions About the Knee: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250593-overview

  Chatzopoulos et al found that Baker cysts were present in 72 of 195 (37%) patients with knee osteoarthritis. Abnormal and intense tracer accumulation in early-phase bone scintigraphy occurred significantly more often in osteoarthritic knees with Baker cysts than in those without. The authors noted that clinical and radiographic variables were not able to predict the presence of those cysts. […] Sansone et al reported a 4.7% prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in a series of 1001 adult patients. Their most common associated lesions were meniscal lesions (83%), most frequently involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The authors also found that 43% of the meniscal lesions were associated with articular cartilage damage and that 32% were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #41 Cystic Lesions About the Knee: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250593-overview

  Chatzopoulos et al found that Baker cysts were present in 72 of 195 (37%) patients with knee osteoarthritis. Abnormal and intense tracer accumulation in early-phase bone scintigraphy occurred significantly more often in osteoarthritic knees with Baker cysts than in those without. The authors noted that clinical and radiographic variables were not able to predict the presence of those cysts. […] Sansone et al reported a 4.7% prevalence rate of popliteal cysts in a series of 1001 adult patients. Their most common associated lesions were meniscal lesions (83%), most frequently involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The authors also found that 43% of the meniscal lesions were associated with articular cartilage damage and that 32% were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears.

• #42 Cystic Lesions About the Knee: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250593-overview

  However, in children, popliteal cysts usually do not communicate with the knee joint; only in rare cases are the cysts associated with intra-articular pathology. In most cases, the cysts are self-limited; they rarely require surgical excision. […] Meniscal cysts are less common. The prevalence rate is 1.5-4%. The literature has conflicting reports regarding the most common location of meniscal cysts. According to Campbell et al, in a series of 2572 knee magnetic resonance images (MRIs), cysts of the medial meniscus were noted to be nearly 2 times more common than cysts of the lateral meniscus. However, in an earlier study by Ryu and Ting, medial and lateral meniscal cysts occurred with equal frequency in a small series of 18 patients.

• #43 Bilateral Baker Cysts | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/bilateral-baker-cysts

  Based on the examination results, the boy received a diagnosis of Baker cysts of both popliteal fossae. […] Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled cysts that result from extrusion of synovial fluid from the knee joint into the popliteal bursa, usually following minor trauma or pathologic processes of the knee joint. They are more common in adults, with a reported incidence of 5% to 19%, and less common in children, with a reported incidence of approximately 6%. […] Primary Baker cysts usually occur in children. They usually are asymptomatic and thus are typically found incidentally in children. […] Secondary Baker cysts, on the other hand, arise secondary to pathology in the joint cavity and thus are generally more symptomatic. They are more common in adults. […] Primary Baker cysts have a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously by 18 years of age. Therefore, they usually are followed conservatively until resolved and almost never require treatment. Secondary cysts, on the other hand, usually require medical or surgical management, or both.

• #44 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  Baker’s cysts tend to occur most commonly in adults aged 35 to 70 and most often are associated with inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or as a result of overuse or injury to the knee. […] As they are asymptomatic, Baker’s cysts are most often detected incidentally on physical examination or imaging studies (e.g., MRI in an adult with suspected osteoarthritis or internal abnormalities of the knee). Prevalence typically increases with age, most likely due to the increase in knee-bursal communication with age. […] In children, Baker’s Cysts tend to occur most frequently in those aged 4 to 7 years.

• #45 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  Baker’s cysts tend to occur most commonly in adults aged 35 to 70 and most often are associated with inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or as a result of overuse or injury to the knee. […] As they are asymptomatic, Baker’s cysts are most often detected incidentally on physical examination or imaging studies (e.g., MRI in an adult with suspected osteoarthritis or internal abnormalities of the knee). Prevalence typically increases with age, most likely due to the increase in knee-bursal communication with age. […] In children, Baker’s Cysts tend to occur most frequently in those aged 4 to 7 years.

• #46 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  The imaging workup of knees with suspected popliteal cysts can include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, and MRI. […] Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Bakers cysts and differentiating them from other conditions. […] Most Bakers cysts are small and unilocular, but the imaging spectrum is wide. […] Complications related to the presence of popliteal cysts include infection, rupture, and neurovascular compression. […] The initial treatment for symptomatic popliteal cysts should be nonoperative for at least 6 weeks, unless vascular or neural compression is present. […] Surgical excision of the Bakers cyst without treatment of any intra-articular lesions has been reported; however, the results have been disappointing because of the high rate of recurrence.

• #47 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  The imaging workup of knees with suspected popliteal cysts can include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, and MRI. […] Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Bakers cysts and differentiating them from other conditions. […] Most Bakers cysts are small and unilocular, but the imaging spectrum is wide. […] Complications related to the presence of popliteal cysts include infection, rupture, and neurovascular compression. […] The initial treatment for symptomatic popliteal cysts should be nonoperative for at least 6 weeks, unless vascular or neural compression is present. […] Surgical excision of the Bakers cyst without treatment of any intra-articular lesions has been reported; however, the results have been disappointing because of the high rate of recurrence.

• #48 A Baker’s Cyst – Everything You Need To Know

  https://centenoschultz.com/condition/bakers-cyst/

  About 38% of Bakers cysts are routinely discovered on MRI in people who complain of knee pain. […] MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis of a Bakers cyst. It also helps differentiate popliteal cysts from other conditions, such as meniscal tears, chondral defects, loose bodies, synovitis, osteoarthritis, and ligament tears if present. […] The only disadvantage is the cost, which means ultrasound is the preferred screening modality for Bakers cysts.

• #49 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  MRI has also been considered the reference standard of imaging in diagnosis of BC. […] However, owing to its limited availability and long examination time, MRI is rarely used as the initial evaluation method for patients with BC and is generally applied as a diagnostic option when a patient experiences persistent symptom despite adequate conservative treatment or when surgery is considered. […] Ultrasonography is a rapid, portable, widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive imaging modality that has been proposed as a promising imaging tool for the assessment of BC. […] Currently, there are no published systematic investigations regarding the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for BC. […] This meta-analysis comprehensively assessed the diagnostic performance of ultrasound versus reference standard (i.e., pathology and MRI) for BC.

• #50 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  MRI has also been considered the reference standard of imaging in diagnosis of BC. […] However, owing to its limited availability and long examination time, MRI is rarely used as the initial evaluation method for patients with BC and is generally applied as a diagnostic option when a patient experiences persistent symptom despite adequate conservative treatment or when surgery is considered. […] Ultrasonography is a rapid, portable, widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive imaging modality that has been proposed as a promising imaging tool for the assessment of BC. […] Currently, there are no published systematic investigations regarding the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for BC. […] This meta-analysis comprehensively assessed the diagnostic performance of ultrasound versus reference standard (i.e., pathology and MRI) for BC.

• #51 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  Our results suggest that ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for BC as compared with pathology. […] Moreover, the use of ultrasound provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI for the evaluation of BC. […] In contrast, ultrasound is widely available and low cost and has shown excellent diagnostic accuracy. […] Since ultrasound could provide highly efficient and accurate information in diagnosing BC, the use of ultrasound may facilitate clinical management and decision-making with reduced cost and time consumption. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for BC as compared with pathology and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI.

• #52 A Baker’s Cyst – Everything You Need To Know

  https://centenoschultz.com/condition/bakers-cyst/

  About 38% of Bakers cysts are routinely discovered on MRI in people who complain of knee pain. […] MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis of a Bakers cyst. It also helps differentiate popliteal cysts from other conditions, such as meniscal tears, chondral defects, loose bodies, synovitis, osteoarthritis, and ligament tears if present. […] The only disadvantage is the cost, which means ultrasound is the preferred screening modality for Bakers cysts.

• #53 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  The imaging workup of knees with suspected popliteal cysts can include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, and MRI. […] Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Bakers cysts and differentiating them from other conditions. […] Most Bakers cysts are small and unilocular, but the imaging spectrum is wide. […] Complications related to the presence of popliteal cysts include infection, rupture, and neurovascular compression. […] The initial treatment for symptomatic popliteal cysts should be nonoperative for at least 6 weeks, unless vascular or neural compression is present. […] Surgical excision of the Bakers cyst without treatment of any intra-articular lesions has been reported; however, the results have been disappointing because of the high rate of recurrence.

• #54 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJRA/12/1/10897

  Popliteal masses are frequently encountered in clinical settings. Bakers cysts occur most frequently and are easy to diagnose using imaging techniques such as MRI. […] The prevalence of popliteal cyst is dependent on the patient population of each research and on the research technique used to detect Bakers cyst, the reported prevalence rate of Baker s cyst ranged from 5% to 19% in a large MR imaging series. […] Complicated Bakers cyst with hemorrhage, loose bodies or debris within the cyst, is not uncommon on MR images. […] Recently, Molla et al. reported a 6.9% (10/145) incidence of complicated Bakers cyst on MRI. […] Comparing to occurrence of complicated Bakers cysts, popliteal cystic lesions mimicking Bakers cysts occur so rarely and they tend to be misinterpreted as complicated Bakers cyst.

• #55 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJRA/12/1/10897

  Popliteal masses are frequently encountered in clinical settings. Bakers cysts occur most frequently and are easy to diagnose using imaging techniques such as MRI. […] The prevalence of popliteal cyst is dependent on the patient population of each research and on the research technique used to detect Bakers cyst, the reported prevalence rate of Baker s cyst ranged from 5% to 19% in a large MR imaging series. […] Complicated Bakers cyst with hemorrhage, loose bodies or debris within the cyst, is not uncommon on MR images. […] Recently, Molla et al. reported a 6.9% (10/145) incidence of complicated Bakers cyst on MRI. […] Comparing to occurrence of complicated Bakers cysts, popliteal cystic lesions mimicking Bakers cysts occur so rarely and they tend to be misinterpreted as complicated Bakers cyst.

• #56 Baker’s Cyst

  https://www.amssm.org/bakers_cyst-csaus-1061.html?StartPos=20&Part=

  Bakers cysts are common findings and arise between the distal semimembranosus and proximal medial gastrocnemius tendons, representing leakage of fluid from the joint space via a valvular opening of the posterior joint capsule. […] Recurrence is common especially if the patient has significant intraarticular pathology such as arthritis or meniscal injury. […] Bakers cysts may rupture with spread of fluid which can mimic signs and symptoms of DVT. […] If large enough, Bakers cysts may compress surrounding structures including peroneal nerve, popliteal artery and tendons though this is rare.

• #57 Baker’s Cyst

  https://www.amssm.org/bakers_cyst-csaus-1061.html?StartPos=20&Part=

  Bakers cysts are common findings and arise between the distal semimembranosus and proximal medial gastrocnemius tendons, representing leakage of fluid from the joint space via a valvular opening of the posterior joint capsule. […] Recurrence is common especially if the patient has significant intraarticular pathology such as arthritis or meniscal injury. […] Bakers cysts may rupture with spread of fluid which can mimic signs and symptoms of DVT. […] If large enough, Bakers cysts may compress surrounding structures including peroneal nerve, popliteal artery and tendons though this is rare.

• #58 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJRA/12/1/10897

  Several cases of popliteal cystic mass mimicking Baker s cyst, such as cystic neurogenic tumor, liposarcoma, and pigmented villonodular synovitis, has been misdiagnosed as complicated Bakers cysts because this possibility was not considered in the usual differential diagnosis of the popliteal mass due to its rare occurrence. […] The presence of fluid between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon, is essential in order to differentiate complicated Bakers cyst from other popliteal cystic lesions mimicking Bakers cyst. […] In conclusion, the presence of beak like cyst extension between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon is the most important MR finding for the differential diagnosis of complicated Bakers cysts from its mimics. Also, the presence of joint effusion and combined internal derangements are helpful MR findings of complicated Bakers cysts. Therefore, despite its rare occurrence, radiologists should be aware of the MR characteristics of complicated Bakers cyst in order to prevent misinterpretation of other popliteal cystic lesions as complicated Bakers cysts.

• #59 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJRA/12/1/10897

  Several cases of popliteal cystic mass mimicking Baker s cyst, such as cystic neurogenic tumor, liposarcoma, and pigmented villonodular synovitis, has been misdiagnosed as complicated Bakers cysts because this possibility was not considered in the usual differential diagnosis of the popliteal mass due to its rare occurrence. […] The presence of fluid between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon, is essential in order to differentiate complicated Bakers cyst from other popliteal cystic lesions mimicking Bakers cyst. […] In conclusion, the presence of beak like cyst extension between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon is the most important MR finding for the differential diagnosis of complicated Bakers cysts from its mimics. Also, the presence of joint effusion and combined internal derangements are helpful MR findings of complicated Bakers cysts. Therefore, despite its rare occurrence, radiologists should be aware of the MR characteristics of complicated Bakers cyst in order to prevent misinterpretation of other popliteal cystic lesions as complicated Bakers cysts.

• #60 Giant Baker’ Cyst. Differential Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis | Reumatología Clínica

  https://www.reumatologiaclinica.org/en-giant-baker-cyst-differential-diagnosis-articulo-S2173574314001701

  Complicated Baker’s cyst is a very common entity. The prevalence increases with age. However, we have only found one published case of similar dimensions. Cysts containing over 150ml produce neurovascular compression phenomena at the popliteal level, being associated with other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both for possessing a broad spectrum of presentations and the characteristics of the synovial liquid seen by ultrasound sometimes makes this a diagnostic challenge. […] The patient underwent, as a technique of choice, an ultrasound. The color Doppler mode showed patency of the deep venous system. Musculoskeletal ultrasound evidenced a well-defined collection, adjacent to the medial gastrocnemius muscle belly, full of vague echoes predominantly of low amplitude. […] Despite being frequent, the size of the tumor made ultrasound insufficient and we decided to perform specific knee MRI with T1 potentiated sequences, T2* sequences and, after administration of intravenous contrast, we confirmed the existence of giant popliteal cyst of 17cm9cm.

• #61 Baker’s Cyst

  https://www.amssm.org/bakers_cyst-csaus-1061.html?StartPos=20&Part=

  Bakers cysts are common findings and arise between the distal semimembranosus and proximal medial gastrocnemius tendons, representing leakage of fluid from the joint space via a valvular opening of the posterior joint capsule. […] Recurrence is common especially if the patient has significant intraarticular pathology such as arthritis or meniscal injury. […] Bakers cysts may rupture with spread of fluid which can mimic signs and symptoms of DVT. […] If large enough, Bakers cysts may compress surrounding structures including peroneal nerve, popliteal artery and tendons though this is rare.

• #62 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  The imaging workup of knees with suspected popliteal cysts can include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, and MRI. […] Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Bakers cysts and differentiating them from other conditions. […] Most Bakers cysts are small and unilocular, but the imaging spectrum is wide. […] Complications related to the presence of popliteal cysts include infection, rupture, and neurovascular compression. […] The initial treatment for symptomatic popliteal cysts should be nonoperative for at least 6 weeks, unless vascular or neural compression is present. […] Surgical excision of the Bakers cyst without treatment of any intra-articular lesions has been reported; however, the results have been disappointing because of the high rate of recurrence.

• #63 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  The natural history of Bakers cysts among children appears to have good prognosis. […] In many literatures, more than 53% of Bakers cysts among children were treated conservatively and revealed complete resolution subsequently. […] Surgical excision is necessary in some children suffering from Bakers cyst, although some reported that surgery for Bakers cysts in children presents unnecessary risks and the high post-operative recurrence rates reaching up to 42 to 50% in some literatures. […] The indications for surgery include persistent knee pain, knee effusion, progressive increase in size of the cyst, limitation of motion, and rupture of the cyst. […] In the current study, the recurrent cases after surgical removal occurred in the first cases because of rupture of the cyst and inability to close the connection between the cyst and the knee joint. […] The management of Bakers cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol.

• #64 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  The natural history of Bakers cysts among children appears to have good prognosis. […] In many literatures, more than 53% of Bakers cysts among children were treated conservatively and revealed complete resolution subsequently. […] Surgical excision is necessary in some children suffering from Bakers cyst, although some reported that surgery for Bakers cysts in children presents unnecessary risks and the high post-operative recurrence rates reaching up to 42 to 50% in some literatures. […] The indications for surgery include persistent knee pain, knee effusion, progressive increase in size of the cyst, limitation of motion, and rupture of the cyst. […] In the current study, the recurrent cases after surgical removal occurred in the first cases because of rupture of the cyst and inability to close the connection between the cyst and the knee joint. […] The management of Bakers cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol.

• #65 Bilateral Baker Cysts | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/bilateral-baker-cysts

  Based on the examination results, the boy received a diagnosis of Baker cysts of both popliteal fossae. […] Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled cysts that result from extrusion of synovial fluid from the knee joint into the popliteal bursa, usually following minor trauma or pathologic processes of the knee joint. They are more common in adults, with a reported incidence of 5% to 19%, and less common in children, with a reported incidence of approximately 6%. […] Primary Baker cysts usually occur in children. They usually are asymptomatic and thus are typically found incidentally in children. […] Secondary Baker cysts, on the other hand, arise secondary to pathology in the joint cavity and thus are generally more symptomatic. They are more common in adults. […] Primary Baker cysts have a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously by 18 years of age. Therefore, they usually are followed conservatively until resolved and almost never require treatment. Secondary cysts, on the other hand, usually require medical or surgical management, or both.

• #66 Bilateral Baker Cysts | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/bilateral-baker-cysts

  Based on the examination results, the boy received a diagnosis of Baker cysts of both popliteal fossae. […] Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled cysts that result from extrusion of synovial fluid from the knee joint into the popliteal bursa, usually following minor trauma or pathologic processes of the knee joint. They are more common in adults, with a reported incidence of 5% to 19%, and less common in children, with a reported incidence of approximately 6%. […] Primary Baker cysts usually occur in children. They usually are asymptomatic and thus are typically found incidentally in children. […] Secondary Baker cysts, on the other hand, arise secondary to pathology in the joint cavity and thus are generally more symptomatic. They are more common in adults. […] Primary Baker cysts have a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously by 18 years of age. Therefore, they usually are followed conservatively until resolved and almost never require treatment. Secondary cysts, on the other hand, usually require medical or surgical management, or both.

• #67 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  The natural history of Bakers cysts among children appears to have good prognosis. […] In many literatures, more than 53% of Bakers cysts among children were treated conservatively and revealed complete resolution subsequently. […] Surgical excision is necessary in some children suffering from Bakers cyst, although some reported that surgery for Bakers cysts in children presents unnecessary risks and the high post-operative recurrence rates reaching up to 42 to 50% in some literatures. […] The indications for surgery include persistent knee pain, knee effusion, progressive increase in size of the cyst, limitation of motion, and rupture of the cyst. […] In the current study, the recurrent cases after surgical removal occurred in the first cases because of rupture of the cyst and inability to close the connection between the cyst and the knee joint. […] The management of Bakers cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol.

• #68 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  The natural history of Bakers cysts among children appears to have good prognosis. […] In many literatures, more than 53% of Bakers cysts among children were treated conservatively and revealed complete resolution subsequently. […] Surgical excision is necessary in some children suffering from Bakers cyst, although some reported that surgery for Bakers cysts in children presents unnecessary risks and the high post-operative recurrence rates reaching up to 42 to 50% in some literatures. […] The indications for surgery include persistent knee pain, knee effusion, progressive increase in size of the cyst, limitation of motion, and rupture of the cyst. […] In the current study, the recurrent cases after surgical removal occurred in the first cases because of rupture of the cyst and inability to close the connection between the cyst and the knee joint. […] The management of Bakers cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol.

• #69 Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text

  https://aops.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43159-021-00071-1

  The natural history of Bakers cysts among children appears to have good prognosis. […] In many literatures, more than 53% of Bakers cysts among children were treated conservatively and revealed complete resolution subsequently. […] Surgical excision is necessary in some children suffering from Bakers cyst, although some reported that surgery for Bakers cysts in children presents unnecessary risks and the high post-operative recurrence rates reaching up to 42 to 50% in some literatures. […] The indications for surgery include persistent knee pain, knee effusion, progressive increase in size of the cyst, limitation of motion, and rupture of the cyst. […] In the current study, the recurrent cases after surgical removal occurred in the first cases because of rupture of the cyst and inability to close the connection between the cyst and the knee joint. […] The management of Bakers cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol.

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