Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?lang=us

  Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled distended synovial-lined lesions arising in the popliteal fossa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendons via a communication with the knee joint. They are usually located at or below the joint line. […] They represent neither a true bursa nor a true cyst, as they occur as a communication between the posterior joint capsule and the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa. […] Baker cysts are most often found incidentally when the knee is imaged for other reasons. […] Symptomatic presentation may be acute when rupture occurs, in which case the chief differential diagnosis is deep venous thrombosis. A chronic/subacute presentation can manifest as a popliteal fossa mass or with pain. […] Identification of a fluid-filled structure at the posteromedial knee is suggestive of a popliteal cyst, but identification of the 'neck’ between the tendons is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. […] Aspiration may be performed, with steroid injection shown to be beneficial in reducing Baker cyst size and improving symptoms. If the symptoms persist and/or the cyst is very large, a surgical excision is an option.

• #1 Baker cyst – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bakers-cyst/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369955

  A Baker cyst can often be diagnosed during a physical exam. However, some of the symptoms of a Baker cyst are similar to the symptoms of more-serious conditions, such as a blood clot, aneurysm or tumor. To get more information, your health care provider may order imaging tests, including: […] Ultrasound […] X-ray […] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) […] What tests do I need? Do these tests require special preparation?

• #1 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  Baker’s cysts tend to occur most commonly in adults aged 35 to 70 and most often are associated with inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or as a result of overuse or injury to the knee. […] A Baker’s Cyst typically is diagnosed by having the patient stand and extend the knee full; this is when the mass should be most prominent. […] If a Baker’s Cyst is located more laterally or no changes are elicited in the cyst when the knee is examined in a full range of motion, it may be difficult to conclude a diagnosis of Baker’s Cyst through physical examination alone, especially in a setting of no prior history of knee pathology. […] If this is the case, and a diagnosis of Baker’s Cyst remains uncertain, imaging should be performed. […] Treatment is not usually necessary for a Baker’s Cyst unless the patient is symptomatic.

• #1 Baker Cyst: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15183-bakers-cyst

  Baker cysts can share symptoms with more serious issues like blood clots. […] Visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice a new growth or lump behind your knee, especially if you recently injured your knee or have arthritis. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a Baker cyst with a physical exam. Theyll examine your leg and look for a lump on the back of your knee. […] Your provider might use a few imaging tests to diagnose a Baker cyst, including: X-rays, Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] Usually, your healthcare provider will treat the cause of a Baker cyst rather than the cyst itself. […] Its possible for a Baker cyst to go away on its own. But you should always visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice any new lumps or growths on your body. […] Visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice a lump on your leg. Its important to get it diagnosed a healthcare provider will determine if its a Baker cyst or something more serious (like a blood clot). […] Most Baker cysts arent serious, but you should always have a healthcare provider examine and diagnose any new bumps or growths on your body.

• #1 Baker cyst: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001222.htm

  Baker cyst is a buildup of joint fluid (synovial fluid) that forms a swelling behind the knee. […] During a physical exam, the health care provider will look for a soft lump in the back of the knee. If the cyst is small, comparing the affected knee to the normal knee can be helpful. There may be a decrease in range of motion caused by pain or by the size of the cyst. In some cases, there will be catching, locking, pain, or other signs and symptoms of a meniscal tear. […] Shining a light through the cyst (transillumination) can show that the growth is fluid filled. […] MRIs can help the provider see the cyst and look for any meniscal injury or other problems that caused the cyst.

• #1 Baker’s (Popliteal) Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bakers-cyst

  A popliteal cyst, also known as a Bakers cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that causes a lump at the back of the knee, leading to tightness and restricted movement. […] Your doctor will examine your knee and feel the swelling. If the cyst is small, they may compare the affected knee to the healthy one and check your range of motion. […] Your doctor may recommend noninvasive imaging tests if the cyst rapidly increases in size or causes severe pain or fever. These tests include an MRI or ultrasound. An MRI will enable your doctor to see the cyst clearly and to determine if you have any damage to the cartilage. […] Although the cyst wont show up on an X-ray, your doctor may use one to check for other problems, such as inflammation or arthritis.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  Your GP can also shine a light through your swollen area to diagnose a Bakers cyst. If the light passes through the swollen area, then its full of fluid and its a cyst. […] A child may be referred to a specialist paediatric orthopaedic surgeon if theres the possibility of an underlying joint disease.

• #1 Baker Cysts – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/bursa-muscle-and-tendon-disorders/baker-cysts

  Baker cysts are enlarged bursae in the popliteal fossa. […] Diagnosis is usually clinical; however, ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging may be needed if clinical findings are inconclusive. […] If clinical findings are inconclusive (eg, if cysts are small or painful; require differentiation from deep vein thromboses or popliteal fat deposition), ultrasonography can be done. Magnetic resonance imaging is done occasionally, eg, if ultrasonography is inconclusive or to diagnose and characterize internal knee derangements that may require surgery. […] If the onset is acute or subacute, with suspected inflammation, aspiration of the joint or bursa should be performed to exclude infection or crystal-associated arthritis (as is appropriate in any acute monoarticular arthritis). […] If clinical findings are inconclusive, ultrasonography or, less often, magnetic resonance imaging is done.

• #1 Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/387399-overview

  Ultrasound has largely replaced arthrography as the initial assessment for Baker cysts and is an easy-to-use, rapid, relatively inexpensive examination to employ in this setting. […] The ability to detect Baker cysts is near 100%, but ultrasound lacks the specificity to differentiate Baker cysts from meniscal cysts or myxoid tumors. […] Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of Baker cysts and for differentiating them from other conditions. […] In current radiologic practice, Baker cysts are often detected on MRI evaluations of the knee (performed for any indication). […] One of the most important benefits of employing MRI is the ability to use the axial plane to establish positive identification of the high-signal intensity, fluid-filled neck of the cyst that connects the cyst to the joint space.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst/

  Your doctor will also palpate (feel) the back of your knee where the cyst is located. Often, a cyst will become firm when the knee is fully extended and soft when the knee is bent. […] X-rays provide images of dense structures, such as bone. Although a cyst cannot be seen on an x-ray, one may be ordered so that your doctor can look for narrowing of the joint space and other signs of arthritis in the joint. […] An ultrasound will help your doctor see the lump behind your knee in greater detail and determine whether it is solid or filled with fluid. […] Your doctor may order an MRI scan to learn more about your cyst and to look for a meniscus tear or another underlying condition. […] Most Baker’s cysts will go away on their own. For cysts that do not disappear, initial treatment is always nonsurgical in nature and may include one or more of the following: […] Surgical treatment for a Baker’s cyst is rarely needed. However, it may be recommended if you have painful symptoms that are not relieved with nonsurgical treatment or if your cyst returns repeatedly after aspiration.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/what-is-bakers-cysts

  See your doctor if you have any of the symptoms listed above and theyre causing problems. […] They may also order an imaging test to get a better look, such as: Ultrasound, MRI, X-ray. […] When your doctor uses an ultrasound to look at your knee more closely, they take a probe that emits sound waves and glide it across the skin of your knee. The sound waves bounce off the structures inside your knee and create an image. This image shows your doctor the lump in greater detail and helps them see if its solid or filled with fluid. A solid mass isnt a Bakers cyst.

• #1 Giant Baker’ Cyst. Differential Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis | Reumatología Clínica

  https://www.reumatologiaclinica.org/en-giant-baker-cyst-differential-diagnosis-articulo-S2173574314001701

  We present the case of an 83-year-old male patient with osteoarthritis, who came to the emergency room due to acute inflammation of the leg simulating DVT. On physical examination, there was a mass of elastic consistency, non-pulsatile, painful, in the popliteal fossa, extending to the leg. The differential diagnosis was made with Baker cyst. The patient underwent, as a technique of choice, an ultrasound. The color Doppler mode showed patency of the deep venous system. Musculoskeletal ultrasound evidenced a well-defined collection, adjacent to the medial gastrocnemius muscle belly, full of vague echoes predominantly of low amplitude. Despite being frequent, the size of the tumor made ultrasound insufficient and we decided to perform specific knee MRI with T1 potentiated sequences, T2* sequences and, after administration of intravenous contrast, we confirmed the existence of giant popliteal cyst of 17cm9cm. Complicated Baker’s cyst is a very common entity. The prevalence increases with age. However, we have only found one published case of similar dimensions. Cysts containing over150ml produce neurovascular compression phenomena at the popliteal level, being associated with other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both for possessing a broad spectrum of presentations and the characteristics of the synovial liquid seen by ultrasound sometimes makes this a diagnostic challenge.

• #1 Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/387399-overview

  The incidence of Baker cysts detected through MRI of the knee varies (5-18%) according to the patient population. […] The probability of a Baker cyst in the presence of any 1 variable (ie, association) is as follows: P=0.08-0.10; of any 2 variables, P=0.19-0.21; and of all 3 variables, P=0.38. […] Imaging evaluation of a popliteal mass begins with conventional radiography to detect a soft-tissue mass, calcifications, and bony involvement. A Baker cyst appears as a soft-tissue mass in the posteromedial knee joint. […] On a CT scan, a Baker cyst appears as a fluid-containing mass located behind the medial femoral condyle and between the tendons of the medial head of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus muscles. […] In a meta-analysis of 13 studies (1011 patients) regarding the use of ultrasonography to diagnose Baker cyst, sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 and 1.00, respectively, compared to pathology.

• #1 Baker’s cyst | Treatment by an orthopaedic surgeon from Vienna | Dr. Gruber

  https://www.orthogruber.at/en/bakers-cyst/

  The scope of an accurate diagnosis is the recording of the course of the disease in the course of a careful anamnesis including any previous diseases, as well as a clinical examination of the affected knee joint. A Bakers cyst can be palpated from a size of about two centimeters in the medial popliteal area. Swelling may decrease flexion in the knee joint when compared laterally. Additionally, signs of thrombosis or signs of numbness are possible. […] In addition to clinical manual examination, the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound (sonography) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sonographically, there is an anechoic space with posterior acoustic enhancement. MRI helps to visualize the exact size and extent of the Bakers cyst and also provides information about possible causes of its development, such as meniscus or cartilage damage.

• #1 Baker Cyst | Radiology Key

  https://radiologykey.com/baker-cyst/

  Fluid-filled sac with neck arising from interspace between medial gastrocnemius muscle semimembranosus tendon. […] US accurately confirms presence, extent, and content of Baker cyst. […] Must see neck arising from medial gastrocnemius-semimembranosus tendon interspace to make diagnosis of Baker cyst. […] Best imaging tool is US. […] Confirms presence, extent, content, and recent leakage.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Bakers cysts, are commonly found in association with intra-articular knee disorders, such as osteoarthritis and meniscus tears. Proper diagnosis, examination, and treatment are paramount in alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with Bakers cysts. […] Bakers cysts can be a source of posterior knee pain that persists despite surgical treatment of the intra-articular lesion, and they are routinely discovered on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the symptomatic knee. […] The imaging workup of knees with suspected popliteal cysts can include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, and MRI. […] Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Bakers cysts and differentiating them from other conditions. […] Most Bakers cysts are small and unilocular, but the imaging spectrum is wide.

• #1 Baker’s cyst: diagnosis and therapy – Priv.-Doz. DDr. Christian Albrecht, Knee and cartilage specialist

  https://www.knieschmerzen-wien.at/bakers-cyst-en.html

  Diagnosis of a Baker’s cyst initially involves a detailed discussion with the patient about the course of the disease and any previous illnesses, as well as a thorough clinical examination. […] With the help of a magnetic resonance examination (MRI), the exact size and extent of the Baker’s cyst can be determined. Furthermore, meniscus and cartilage damage, which can be the cause of the Baker’s cyst, can be determined.

• #1 Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/387399-overview

  The most common mass in the popliteal fossa, Baker cyst, also termed popliteal cyst, results from fluid distention of the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa, which is located in the medial aspect of the popliteal fossa. […] Baker cysts can be associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis of the knee, meniscal tears, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot joints, and synovial disorders of the knee. The majority of patients with Baker cysts are asymptomatic, but knee joint pain and stiffness and a palpable mass in the medial popliteal fossa are not uncommon. […] Care must be taken to differentiate ruptured Baker cysts from deep venous thrombosis (DVT). […] Plain radiographs are simple and readily available, but they provide limited information about the popliteal cyst. However, they should be obtained early in the evaluation, as they are useful for detecting other conditions commonly found in association with popliteal cysts, such as osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and loose bodies.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  The differential diagnosis of a Bakers cyst includes popliteal artery aneurysm, soft tissue tumors, meniscal cyst, hematoma, thromboemboli, and seroma. […] The initial treatment for symptomatic popliteal cysts should be nonoperative for at least 6 weeks, unless vascular or neural compression is present. […] Surgical excision of the Bakers cyst without treatment of any intra-articular lesions has been reported; however, the results have been disappointing because of the high rate of recurrence. […] The high rate of reoccurrence is believed to be a result of the continued presence of intra-articular pathology and associated recurrent effusions. […] Surgical excision of the medial popliteal cyst, when symptomatic, can be performed through several approaches: limited posteromedial, extended posteromedial, and direct posterior.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bakers-cyst/

  A Baker’s cyst can sometimes burst (rupture), resulting in fluid leaking down into your calf. This can cause sharp pain, swelling and redness in your calf, but redness can be harder to see on brown and black skin. […] See your GP if you have a lump behind your knee that’s causing problems and does not clear up on its own. They’ll usually be able to diagnose a Baker’s cyst by examining the back of your knee and asking about your symptoms. […] Tests may be recommended to rule out other more serious conditions, such as a tumour, an aneurysm (bulge in a section of a blood vessel) or DVT (deep vein thrombosis) (a blood clot in one of the deep veins of the body). You may need an ultrasound scan or a MRI scan.

• #1 Infected Baker’s Cyst: A New Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations | Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports

  https://jocr.co.in/wp/2018/11/10/2250-0685-1238-fulltext/

  Bakers cyst has a high prevalence in adult population. […] The purpose of this study is to propose a new classification, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations based on a case report and a literature review to guide physicians on the best course of treatment. […] We propose a new classification, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm to proceed in these cases. […] To diagnose a Bakers cyst rupture, an ultrasound or MRI should be performed. However, the presence of a calf collection with a personal history of a known Bakers cyst would make us assume its rupture. […] An MRI is the gold-standard imaging study to confirm the presence and the complications of a Bakers cyst. […] A calf collection puncture obtaining a viscous synovial-like fluid suggests a Bakers cyst rupture. […] After a ruptured cyst diagnosis, there is no need to perform a cyst puncture.

• #1 Popliteal (Baker’s) cyst – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/popliteal-bakers-cyst

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Baker’s cysts, are common in adults and children. They present as swelling in the popliteal fossa due to enlargement of the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa, which lies between these two muscles on the medial side of the fossa, slightly distal to the center crease in the back of the knee. […] Popliteal cysts in adults are often associated with osteoarthritis, inflammatory joint disease, or joint injury. They usually communicate with the adjacent knee joint space, especially in older patients with knee pathology; communicating cysts contain synovial fluid. […] In children, popliteal cysts are usually a primary process, arising directly from the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa; they do not communicate with the joint space. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of popliteal cyst will be presented here.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  It is important to treat the underlying joint disorder, if one exists, in all patients with symptomatic Baker’s cysts. This will help reduce the accumulation of synovial fluid and enlargement of the cyst. […] Baker cyst is often seen by the primary care provider, internist and nurse practitioner. It is important to get an ultrasound to ensure that there is no other pathology. If the patient is symptomatic, he or she should be referred to an orthopedic surgeon.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst/

  Baker’s cysts, also known as popliteal cysts, are one of the most common disorders in the knee. These fluid-filled cysts form a lump at the back of the knee that often causes stiffness and discomfort. […] Baker’s cysts typically result from a problem inside the knee joint, such as osteoarthritis or a meniscus tear. These conditions cause the joint to produce excess fluid, which can lead to the formation of a cyst. […] Most Baker’s cysts will improve with nonsurgical treatment that includes changes in activity and anti-inflammatory medications. Some cysts may even go away on their own, with no treatment at all. […] Imaging tests may be ordered to help confirm the diagnosis and provide more information about your condition. […] Your doctor will take a full medical history and ask you to describe your symptoms.

• #1 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  Bakers cyst is the most common cystic disease of the knee, and a fast and accurate diagnosis of Bakers cyst is essential for a better management. […] However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound on Bakers cyst still remains undetermined. We conducted the first meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of Bakers cyst. […] The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of ultrasound for diagnosis of Bakers cyst, compared with pathology, were 0.97 (95% confidence intervals: 0.731.00), 1.00 (0.981.00) and 1.00 (0.991.00), respectively. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of Bakers cyst and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for BC as compared with pathology and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. It is therefore recommended as a candidate in the diagnostic examination of patients with BC, especially when MRI is not available or contraindicated.

• #1 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  A Baker’s cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the popliteal fossa, which is located on the posterior aspect of the knee. […] This activity reviews the presentation, complications, and management of Baker’s cysts and stresses the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with Baker’s cysts. […] Describe the evaluation of Baker’s cysts. […] A Baker’s Cyst, also known as a popliteal or parameniscal cyst, is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the posterior aspect of the knee, typically located between the semimembranosus and medial head of the gastrocnemius. […] Baker’s cysts are encountered most frequently in adults with a history of trauma (e.g., cartilage or meniscus tears, injury to the knee), in association with degenerative/co-existing knee joint disease (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, meniscal tears), or asymptomatically as an incidental finding.

• #2 Baker’s Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430774/

  A Baker’s cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the popliteal fossa, which is located on the posterior aspect of the knee. […] This activity reviews the presentation, complications, and management of Baker’s cysts and stresses the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with Baker’s cysts. […] Describe the evaluation of Baker’s cysts. […] A Baker’s Cyst, also known as a popliteal or parameniscal cyst, is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the posterior aspect of the knee, typically located between the semimembranosus and medial head of the gastrocnemius. […] Baker’s cysts are encountered most frequently in adults with a history of trauma (e.g., cartilage or meniscus tears, injury to the knee), in association with degenerative/co-existing knee joint disease (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, meniscal tears), or asymptomatically as an incidental finding.

• #2 Baker Cyst: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15183-bakers-cyst

  Baker cysts can share symptoms with more serious issues like blood clots. […] Visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice a new growth or lump behind your knee, especially if you recently injured your knee or have arthritis. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a Baker cyst with a physical exam. Theyll examine your leg and look for a lump on the back of your knee. […] Your provider might use a few imaging tests to diagnose a Baker cyst, including: X-rays, Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] Usually, your healthcare provider will treat the cause of a Baker cyst rather than the cyst itself. […] Its possible for a Baker cyst to go away on its own. But you should always visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice any new lumps or growths on your body. […] Visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice a lump on your leg. Its important to get it diagnosed a healthcare provider will determine if its a Baker cyst or something more serious (like a blood clot). […] Most Baker cysts arent serious, but you should always have a healthcare provider examine and diagnose any new bumps or growths on your body.

• #2 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/bakers-cyst-popliteal-cyst/

  Your doctor will also palpate (feel) the back of your knee where the cyst is located. Often, a cyst will become firm when the knee is fully extended and soft when the knee is bent. […] X-rays provide images of dense structures, such as bone. Although a cyst cannot be seen on an x-ray, one may be ordered so that your doctor can look for narrowing of the joint space and other signs of arthritis in the joint. […] An ultrasound will help your doctor see the lump behind your knee in greater detail and determine whether it is solid or filled with fluid. […] Your doctor may order an MRI scan to learn more about your cyst and to look for a meniscus tear or another underlying condition. […] Most Baker’s cysts will go away on their own. For cysts that do not disappear, initial treatment is always nonsurgical in nature and may include one or more of the following: […] Surgical treatment for a Baker’s cyst is rarely needed. However, it may be recommended if you have painful symptoms that are not relieved with nonsurgical treatment or if your cyst returns repeatedly after aspiration.

• #2 Baker’s cyst | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/bakers-cyst

  A Baker’s cyst may be diagnosed using a number of different methods, including: […] physical examination of your knee […] taking your medical history to see if you have any conditions that may cause a Baker’s cyst (such as rheumatoid arthritis) […] x-ray to show the presence of arthritis in the knee joint, which may be causing the problem […] shining a light through the cyst (transillumination), which can determine that the mass is filled with fluid […] ultrasound or magnetic imaging resonance (MRI).

• #2 Popliteal (Baker) cyst – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/popliteal-baker-cyst/

  Popliteal cyst is usually a clinical diagnosis. […] Obtain an ultrasound, as a large or ruptured popliteal cyst may cause calf swelling and can mimic the signs of DVT (pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome). […] Imaging: to rule out other causes of posterior knee pain or lower limb swelling (e.g., DVT) […] Ultrasound: anechoic lesion […] Plain x-ray: soft tissue mass […] MRI: can help identify underlying knee joint pathology.

• #2 Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Full Text

  https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-022-03430-9

  Bakers cyst is the most common cystic disease of the knee, and a fast and accurate diagnosis of Bakers cyst is essential for a better management. […] However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound on Bakers cyst still remains undetermined. We conducted the first meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of Bakers cyst. […] The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of ultrasound for diagnosis of Bakers cyst, compared with pathology, were 0.97 (95% confidence intervals: 0.731.00), 1.00 (0.981.00) and 1.00 (0.991.00), respectively. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of Bakers cyst and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. […] Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for BC as compared with pathology and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. It is therefore recommended as a candidate in the diagnostic examination of patients with BC, especially when MRI is not available or contraindicated.

• #2 Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/387399-overview

  Ultrasound has largely replaced arthrography as the initial assessment for Baker cysts and is an easy-to-use, rapid, relatively inexpensive examination to employ in this setting. […] The ability to detect Baker cysts is near 100%, but ultrasound lacks the specificity to differentiate Baker cysts from meniscal cysts or myxoid tumors. […] Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of Baker cysts and for differentiating them from other conditions. […] In current radiologic practice, Baker cysts are often detected on MRI evaluations of the knee (performed for any indication). […] One of the most important benefits of employing MRI is the ability to use the axial plane to establish positive identification of the high-signal intensity, fluid-filled neck of the cyst that connects the cyst to the joint space.

• #2 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=134&contentid=510

  A Baker cyst often doesnt cause symptoms. A cyst will more often be seen on an imaging test, like MRI, done for other reasons. […] Your healthcare provider will ask you about your medical history and your symptoms. They will give you a physical exam, which will include a careful exam of your knee. Its important to make sure your symptoms are caused by a Baker cyst and not a tumor or a blood clot. […] If the cause of your symptoms isn’t clear, you may have imaging tests, such as: Ultrasound to view the cyst in more detail, X-ray to get more information about the bones of the joint, MRI if the diagnosis is still unclear after ultrasound or your provider is considering surgery.

• #2 Baker cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/baker-cyst-2?lang=us

  Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled distended synovial-lined lesions arising in the popliteal fossa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendons via a communication with the knee joint. They are usually located at or below the joint line. […] They represent neither a true bursa nor a true cyst, as they occur as a communication between the posterior joint capsule and the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa. […] Baker cysts are most often found incidentally when the knee is imaged for other reasons. […] Symptomatic presentation may be acute when rupture occurs, in which case the chief differential diagnosis is deep venous thrombosis. A chronic/subacute presentation can manifest as a popliteal fossa mass or with pain. […] Identification of a fluid-filled structure at the posteromedial knee is suggestive of a popliteal cyst, but identification of the 'neck’ between the tendons is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. […] Aspiration may be performed, with steroid injection shown to be beneficial in reducing Baker cyst size and improving symptoms. If the symptoms persist and/or the cyst is very large, a surgical excision is an option.

• #2 Popliteal (Baker’s) cyst – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/popliteal-bakers-cyst

  Popliteal synovial cysts, also known as Baker’s cysts, are common in adults and children. They present as swelling in the popliteal fossa due to enlargement of the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa, which lies between these two muscles on the medial side of the fossa, slightly distal to the center crease in the back of the knee. […] Popliteal cysts in adults are often associated with osteoarthritis, inflammatory joint disease, or joint injury. They usually communicate with the adjacent knee joint space, especially in older patients with knee pathology; communicating cysts contain synovial fluid. […] In children, popliteal cysts are usually a primary process, arising directly from the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa; they do not communicate with the joint space. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of popliteal cyst will be presented here.

• #2 Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

  https://patient.info/doctor/bakers-cyst-pro

  MRI imaging is becoming the imaging modality of choice in many centres. […] Baker’s cyst treatment depends on the underlying cause. […] Patients with a Baker’s cyst and calf swelling should be referred urgently for an ultrasound scan to exclude a DVT. […] Aspiration is sometimes undertaken, occasionally with instillation of corticosteroid. […] Indications for Baker’s cyst excision include cases in which the popliteal cyst does not respond to conservative treatment or arthroscopic intervention or cases in which an underlying cause cannot be found. […] Baker’s cyst prognosis depends on whether there is any underlying knee pathology, how treatable it is and the age of the patient at presentation.

• #2 Baker’s Cyst

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4481672/

  Most authors also advocate closure of the communication to the joint, and Rauschning advocated the use of a patch or pedicle graft from the tendon of the medial head of the gastrocnemius to augment the closure. […] Arthroscopic debridement and closure of the cyst valvular opening have been reported. […] The results of this technique were examined with MRI at 2 years postoperative. The cyst had disappeared in 64% of cases, reduced in size in 27%, and persisted in size in 9%.

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