Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430863/

  Popliteal artery aneurysms occur when the diameter of the popliteal artery undergoes focal dilation, exceeding 50% of its normal range, which typically varies from 0.7 to 1.1 cm. […] This activity offers clinicians insights into the anatomical progression of the popliteal artery, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches for popliteal artery aneurysms, fostering a comprehensive understanding of this vascular pathology. […] Duplex ultrasonography is the ideal screening and diagnostic imaging modality to detect a popliteal artery aneurysm and estimate the diameter. […] Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance angiography are other alternatives to duplex ultrasonography. […] Conventional angiography is reserved for either elective endovascular repair of an aneurysm or in cases of threatening acute limb ischemia for thrombolytic therapy.

• #2 Popliteal artery aneurysm | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/popliteal-artery-aneurysm?lang=us

  Popliteal artery aneurysms are the most common peripheral arterial aneurysm and the second most common aneurysm after abdominal aortic aneurysms. […] Overall, popliteal artery aneurysms are uncommon. […] Angiography can directly show mural calcification and aneurysmal dilatation. […] Although angiography remains the „gold standard” according to vascular surgery literature, aneurysmal dilatation may be masked by thrombus formation within the aneurysmal sac in ~25% of cases. […] Instead, it appears as an acute bend in the course of the popliteal artery at the level of the knee joint – this secondary sign is called the „dog leg” sign. […] Symptomatic aneurysms are treated. […] Asymptomatic aneurysms 2 cm in diameter are also considered for elective treatment.

• #3 Popliteal Artery Aneurysms – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2003-nov/1103_08.html

  Aneurysm size plays less of a role in the decision to treat popliteal artery aneurysms compared to aneurysms in other locations, such as the abdominal aorta. This is because the major morbidity from popliteal artery aneurysms is due to thromboembolism rather than rupture. Thus, symptomatic aneurysms require repair regardless of size. […] Long-term graft patency rates directly correlate with preoperative ischemic symptoms. Five-year graft patency rates for asymptomatic patients undergoing elective surgery range from 82% to 97%, but patency rates for symptomatic patients range only from 39% to 70%. […] Due to the low mortality and complication rates of operative repair in contrast to the high morbidity rate when symptoms develop, most surgeons would proceed to repair any popliteal artery aneurysm 2 cm. […] Several studies have suggested that these aneurysms have a higher rate of thromboembolism than larger aneurysms. This would suggest that the threshold for operative intervention should be lower than the current guidelines and some investigators advocate operating on all popliteal artery aneurysms.

• #4 SVS clinical practice guidelines on popliteal artery aneurysms published

  https://vascularspecialistonline.com/svs-publishes-clinical-practice-guidelines-on-popliteal-artery-aneurysms/

  The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) has released new clinical practice guidelines to ensure that patients with popliteal artery aneurysms receive appropriate treatment and care. Aneurysms of the popliteal artery are the most common aneurysms outside of the brain and abdominal aorta. […] Most patients with a popliteal aneurysm do not have symptoms at the time they are discovered, however, over 10% will develop symptoms within two years and over 30% will develop related complications within their lifetimes. The most serious complication of popliteal aneurysm involves clot formation with the possibility of limb loss related to lack of blood flow. For this reason, efforts to diagnose and initiate appropriate treatment strategies are paramount. […] These SVS practice guidelines offer recommendations to inform the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment options, and follow-up of patients with popliteal artery aneurysms. Evidence-based recommendations regarding the evaluation of patients with known popliteal aneurysms, as well as size thresholds for repair are included. Specific circumstances under which aneurysms may be considered for repair at a smaller size are also provided. Recommendations for open versus endovascular repair are given for specific patient populations based on life expectancy, as are recommendations for urgent treatment of thrombosed popliteal aneurysms based on the Rutherford acute ischaemia stage at presentation.

• #5 Popliteal Aneurysm: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/popliteal-aneurysm

  Diagnosing a popliteal aneurysm can be difficult. A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a Bakers cyst can appear similarly, so ruling these conditions out is helpful. […] To make a popliteal aneurysm diagnosis, a provider will examine the back of your knee. They may be able to see and feel the enlarged artery there and it may throb with your pulse. […] A provider may describe your popliteal aneurysm as fusiform (ballooning out all around) or saccular (only one side of your artery balloons out). […] Imaging tests can help a provider make a diagnosis and take measurements for planning a repair. […] These tests include: Duplex ultrasound, Computed tomography angiography (CTA), Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), Digital subtraction angiography. […] If your provider diagnoses a popliteal aneurysm, theyll most likely check your other leg and your belly (abdomen) for aneurysms, too. This is because many people with popliteal aneurysms have another one in their other legs or in their abdomens. If your provider finds any other aneurysms, theyll likely need to check them with ultrasound throughout your life.

• #6 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm | Diagnosis & Treatment | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/diseases-conditions/diagnosis-treatment/popliteal-artery-aneurysm/

  Diagnosing a popliteal aneurysm can be difficult. A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a Bakers cyst can appear similarly, so ruling these conditions out is helpful. […] To make a popliteal aneurysm diagnosis, a provider will examine the back of your knee. They may be able to see and feel the enlarged artery there and it may throb with your pulse. […] Imaging tests can help a provider make a diagnosis and take measurements for planning a repair. […] These tests include: Duplex ultrasound, Computed tomography angiography (CTA), Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), Digital subtraction angiography. […] If your provider diagnoses a popliteal aneurysm, theyll most likely check your other leg and your belly (abdomen) for aneurysms, too. This is because many people with popliteal aneurysms have another one in their other legs or in their abdomens. If your provider finds any other aneurysms, theyll likely need to check them with ultrasound throughout your life.

• #7 Popliteal artery aneurysm // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/popliteal-artery-aneurysm

  To diagnose popliteal artery aneurysm, a health care professional usually does a physical exam and checks the legs for: […] Imaging tests can help confirm a diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysm. Tests may include: […] Duplex ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to see how blood flows through the arteries and veins. It’s a simple and quick way to diagnose popliteal artery aneurysm. […] CT angiography or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. These tests take detailed images of blood flow in the arteries. Before the images are taken, dye called contrast is injected into a blood vessel. The dye helps the arteries show up more clearly.

• #8 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Popliteal artery aneurysm | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20248747

  To diagnose popliteal artery aneurysm, a health care professional usually does a physical exam and checks the legs for: […] Imaging tests can help confirm a diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysm. Tests may include: […] Duplex ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to see how blood flows through the arteries and veins. It’s a simple and quick way to diagnose popliteal artery aneurysm. For the test, a health care professional gently moves a hand-held ultrasound device on the skin behind and around the knee. […] CT angiography or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. These tests take detailed images of blood flow in the arteries. Before the images are taken, dye called contrast is injected into a blood vessel. The dye helps the arteries show up more clearly.

• #9 What are the Symptoms & Causes of a Popliteal Aneurysm?

  https://legsmatter.org/information-and-support/health-concerns/popliteal-aneurysm/

  An accurate vascular assessment should include but not be limited to: […] To understand if any first-degree family members had any similar conditions […] A physical examination […] Where your healthcare professional should be checking for the following: […] As part of your healthcare professionals diagnostics they may also use / suggest the following: […] Duplex ultrasonography to visualise the size and shape of the artery, and check for the presence of clot and the flow of blood within the lower leg […] CT-Angiogram or MRA scans second level imaging for pre-operative assessment and planning.

• #10 Ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysms – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3893623/

  Popliteal artery aneurysm is a potentially limb-threating lesion which is frequently difficult to diagnose by clinical examination or angiography. The risk of limb loss can best be reduced by early diagnosis. Over the past 5 years we have prospectively evaluated ultrasound examination of the popliteal space in screening patients with clinically suspected popliteal artery aneurysms. One hundred patients who were suspected clinically of having a popliteal artery aneurysm underwent bilateral ultrasound examination of their popliteal fossae. There were 21 patients who had abnormal scans. The problems identified were popliteal artery aneurysm in thirteen patients, popliteal artery ectasia in four patients, Baker’s cyst in two patients, thrombosis in one patient and popliteal stenosis in one patient. Eight patients with eleven popliteal artery aneurysms by ultrasound also underwent angiography. Seven of the aneurysms were confirmed, four were missed. All eleven aneurysms were confirmed at operation. In addition, angiography did not demonstrate an aneurysm in any patient with a normal ultrasound. This study confirms that ultrasound examination is a quick, accurate, and non-invasive method of screening for popliteal artery aneurysms.

• #11 Popliteal Artery Aneurysms – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2003-nov/1103_08.html

  Popliteal artery aneurysms are primarily diagnosed by a high index of suspicion and physical examination. They are identified as a pulsatile mass in the popliteal fossa. The initial study of choice is duplex ultrasonography. It can diagnose the aneurysm; distinguish it from other popliteal masses, such as a Baker’s cyst; accurately measure its size; and identify thrombus within the aneurysm. […] The role of arteriography is not diagnostic, but rather is used in the popliteal to evaluate inflow and outflow. It can be a valuable modality in identification of anatomy, as well as possible distal embolization. Some investigators believe that this is a mandatory preoperative test because of the impact of distal outflow on long-term graft patency. […] MRA and CTA are other potential imaging modalities. MRA is commonly performed when the patient has renal insufficiency or a contrast allergy, and it may provide an accurate assessment of the aneurysm and runoff in lieu of an arteriogram.

• #12 Color Duplex Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Aneurysms (Lower and Upper Extremity) | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/color-duplex-ultrasound-for-diagnosis-of-peripheral-artery-aneurysms-lower-and-upper-extremity/

  Fig. 36.1 Transverse image of popliteal artery aneurysm with diameter measurements and thrombus lining aneurysm sac […] Duplex ultrasound is extremely useful in identifying the anatomy of popliteal artery aneurysms, although it is also supplemented with CT angiogram, MR angiography, or digital subtraction angiography. […] B-mode imaging with and without color flow can be helpful for the identification of intraluminal thrombus. […] Duplex ultrasound can also be used for imaging post repair. […] A success rate of 97% can be achieved with single injections with even higher rates with second injections. […] The most recent Cochrane review of randomized controlled trial comparing ultrasound-guided compression versus percutaneous thrombin injection concluded that percutaneous thrombin injection was more effective than a single session of ultrasound-guided compression in achieving primary pseudoaneurysm thrombosis within individual RCTs, although merged data failed to show statistical significance. […] Conclusion was that there was evidence (albeit limited) to support the use of thrombin injection as an effective treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysm.

• #13 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm—Open Repair | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/popliteal-artery-aneurysm-open-repair/

  Duplex ultrasonography, with both gray-scale imaging to detect the aneurysm size and any luminal thrombus present, as well as color Doppler flow to assess the flow above, through, and below the aneurysm, is the initial imaging study used in the workup. […] Computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can also be used to further evaluate a patient with a suspected or diagnosed popliteal aneurysm, particularly if the patient also has an AAA and is undergoing evaluation for repair. […] All patients being considered for PAA repair should undergo preoperative angiography, as this will help define the outflow vessels to the foot and a suitable distal target for bypass if the ABIs are abnormal.

• #13 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm—Open Repair | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/popliteal-artery-aneurysm-open-repair/

  A 65-year-old man was referred to the vascular surgery clinic for evaluation of a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) discovered on screening ultrasound performed by his primary care physician given his 50-pack-year smoking history. […] He undergoes a duplex ultrasound scan of his bilateral femoral and popliteal arteries to survey for occult aneurysms, as well as ankle-brachial index (ABI). […] Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are uncommon in the general population, with an incidence of less than 0.1%. […] The differential diagnosis for a mass in the popliteal fossa includes a Bakers cyst, lipoma, hematoma, venous thrombosis, sarcoma, or lymphoma. […] A PAA is defined as a dilation of the artery that is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the normal artery. […] If a PAA is discovered de novo, the patient should undergo screening for AAA, as 38% to 62% of patients presenting with PAA will have a concomitant AAA and 15% will have a concomitant iliac aneurysm.

• #14 Popliteal artery aneurysm | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/popliteal-artery-aneurysm?embed_domain=hackmd.io%25252525252f%252525252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%25252525252fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Popliteal artery aneurysms are the most common peripheral arterial aneurysm and the second most common aneurysm after abdominal aortic aneurysms. […] Angiography can directly show mural calcification and aneurysmal dilatation. Although angiography remains the „gold standard” according to vascular surgery literature, aneurysmal dilatation may be masked by thrombus formation within the aneurysmal sac in ~25% of cases. […] CT angiography (CTA) is useful for the assessment of vessels distal to the aneurysm. […] MR angiography has poorer spatial resolution than CTA and DSA although newer techniques (e.g. contrast-enhanced equilibrium phase imaging) are showing promise. […] Ultrasound is often the initial imaging modality of choice.

• #15 What Is Popliteal Artery Aneurysm?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/orthopedic-health/popliteal-artery-aneurysms

  Magnetic resonance angiography provides detailed images of blood flow in the blood vessels. It measures the lumen diameter and helps in treatment planning. […] A popliteal artery aneurysm is considered significant if it measures around 2.0 centimeters or larger in diameter. […] Yes, a popliteal aneurysm can be detected using a CT scan, which provides detailed images of the blood vessels and aids in diagnosis.

• #16 Popliteal Artery Disease Guidelines: SVS Guidelines for Popliteal Artery Aneurysms, ACC/AHA Guidelines for Lower-Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/461910-guidelines

  Guidelines on popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) were published in January 2022 by the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS). The recommendations are summarized below. […] Screen patients who present with a PAA for both a contralateral PAA and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). […] Patients with an asymptomatic PAA at least 20 mm in diameter should undergo repair to reduce their risk of thromboembolic complications and limb loss. […] Follow up patients who undergo open PAA repair (OPAR) or endovascular PAA repair (EPAR) with the use of clinical examination, ankle brachial index (ABI), and duplex ultrasonography (DUS) at 3, 6, and 12 months during the first postoperative year and, if stable, every year thereafter. […] In addition to DUS evaluation of the repair, evaluate the aneurysm sac for evidence of enlargement. If there are anomalies on clinical examination, ABI, or DUS, administer appropriate clinical management according to the lower-extremity endovascular or open bypass guidelines. In the setting of compressive symptoms or symptomatic aneurysm sac expansion, surgical decompression of the aneurysm sac is suggested.

• #17 Aneurysm – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/aneurysm/

  Popliteal artery aneurysm […] Most patients present with an asymptomatic mass in the popliteal fossa (bilateral in 50% of cases). […] If symptomatic: knee pain, 6 Ps of acute limb ischemia, signs and/or symptoms of chronic peripheral artery disease. […] Diagnosis: Duplex ultrasound (initial test): can identify vascular enlargement, thrombus, and reduced patency; can exclude popliteal cysts. […] CTA extremity or MRA extremity: helpful for preoperative assessment. […] Digital subtraction angiography: may be required if acute limb ischemia is present. […] Management: All patients should screen for contralateral popliteal artery aneurysm and AAA. […] The decision to repair is multifactorial and depends on aneurysm size, thromboembolic risk, perioperative risk assessment, and the patient’s life expectancy. […] Indications include: diameter 2 cm, presence of thrombus and/or suspicion of embolism, distal arterial insufficiency. […] Complications: acute limb ischemia and possible loss of limb, chronic thrombus and/or distal embolization, e.g., blue toe syndrome, rupture (rare).

• #18 Popliteal artery aneurysm – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popliteal_artery_aneurysm

  A PAA is diagnosed when a focal dilation greater than 50% of the normal vessel diameter is found (the normal diameter of a popliteal artery is 0.7-1.1 cm). […] Doppler ultrasonography is the preferred diagnostic method. CT angiography and MR angiography may also be employed.

• #19 Popliteal artery aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/popliteal-artery-aneurysm

  Popliteal artery aneurysm is often diagnosed because of screening tests or other imaging studies (other aneurysms, peripheral artery disease) in patients who do not have obvious symptoms of vascular disease. […] When symptoms are present, they are due to a variable degree of lower extremity ischemic symptoms that can include claudication, distal ischemia due to chronic embolization, or acute limb-threatening ischemia due to thrombosis of the aneurysm or acute thromboembolism. […] Patients with symptomatic popliteal artery aneurysms should be referred for vascular evaluation and repair. […] The management of asymptomatic popliteal artery aneurysms depends upon patient comorbidities, the size of the aneurysm, and the presence or absence of arterial thrombus. […] Popliteal artery aneurysms are true aneurysms involving all layers of the vessel wall (intima, media, adventitia). […] Aneurysm shape may have clinical implications. […] Screening for other aneurysm. […] Differential diagnosis.

• #20 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430863/

  All symptomatic popliteal artery aneurysms require repair because of an increased incidence of thrombosis or limb loss. […] Asymptomatic aneurysms with a diameter greater than 2 cm are considered an indication for elective operation to avoid complications such as limb-threatening ischemia. […] The prognosis is good for patients with the popliteal artery aneurysm repaired electively; surgery and endovascular procedure outcomes are similar in the short term.

• #21 Popliteal Artery Disease Guidelines: SVS Guidelines for Popliteal Artery Aneurysms, ACC/AHA Guidelines for Lower-Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/461910-guidelines

  For selected patients with an asymptomatic PAA of at least 20 mm in diameter who are at higher clinical risk of thromboembolic complications and limb loss, repair can be deferred until the PAA has become at least 30 mm, especially in the absence of thrombus. […] Consider repair for patients with a PAA smaller than 20 mm, in the presence of thrombus and a clinical suspicion of embolism or imaging evidence of poor distal runoff, to prevent thromboembolic complications and possible limb loss. […] For asymptomatic patients, with a life expectancy of at least 5 years, the SVS suggests open PAA repair, as long as there is an adequate saphenous vein present. For those whose life expectancy is diminished, if intervention is indicated, consider endovascular repair. […] Yearly monitoring for changes in symptoms, pulse examination, extent of thrombus, patency of the outflow arteries, and aneurysm diameter is suggested for patients with an asymptomatic PAA who are not offered repair.

• #22 Popliteal Artery Aneurysms

  https://vascularinstitute.com/blog/8731/Popliteal-Artery-Aneurysms

  Patients who may benefit from surgical aneurysmal repair include those who: 1) present with symptoms of acute limb ischemia with aneurysms of any size and 2) those who have aneurysms greater than 2 cm in diameter. […] For asymptomatic presentations of the disease, regular ultrasound screenings should be planned every 6 to 12 months, with more frequent imaging done in patients with aneurysms greater than 1.7 cm in diameter. […] While a rare complication of PAA (reported in 2-5% in some sources), rupture of the aneurysm may be life-threatening. IF YOU HAVE A POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM, YOU NEED TO SEE A VASCULAR SURGEON RIGHT AWAY. YOU WILL NEED LIFELONG FOLLOW-UP WITH YOUR VASCULAR SURGEON.

• #23 SVS clinical practice guidelines on popliteal artery aneurysms published

  https://vascularspecialistonline.com/svs-publishes-clinical-practice-guidelines-on-popliteal-artery-aneurysms/

  Popliteal artery aneurysms can cause limb loss and therefore early diagnosis, careful follow-up, and timely treatment of this condition are paramount. […] “Physical finding of a bounding popliteal pulse or a history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm or a popliteal aneurysm in another limb should lead to an ultrasound of the popliteal artery, a widely available and inexpensive test,” said Alik Farber, MD, of Boston Medical Center, Boston, chair of the SVS Popliteal Guideline Writing Group. “Surgical bypass and endovascular stent-grafting, both have a role in treatment of appropriately selected patients and these interventions can prevent leg amputation,” Farber continued. […] Vascular surgeons have been at the forefront of providing care for patients with diseases of the arteries and veins. This clinical practice guideline provides vascular surgeons who treat patients with popliteal aneurysms with much needed guidance. The goal of treatment should be to prevent aneurysm complications including amputation, and to allow for a patient’s rapid return to their baseline functional level. These guidelines should greatly aid in the achievement of these goals.

• #24 Right idiopathic popliteal aneurysm in a 5-year-old boy: Case report

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2524-177X2021000200075

  We describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with an idiopathic popliteal artery aneurysm on the right leg, who presented the first clinical manifestations from the age of 3 months, with an increase in the circumference of the right lower limb, visible superficial venous system and purplish coloration, without compromised mobility. […] A final imaging diagnosis was made when patient was 2 years old, through computed tomography angiography, with subsequent surgical repair at 5 years by popliteal-popliteal bypass (supra-infra patellar), bypass bridge with reversed greater saphenous vein, anastomosis with continuous stitches, proximal, and distal ligation of the aneurysm. […] The first study performed was an arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs; no pathological findings were found, but the result was not compatible with the patients clinical condition.

• #25 Right idiopathic popliteal aneurysm in a 5-year-old boy: Case report

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2524-177X2021000200075

  When the patient was 2 years old, computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the lower limbs was performed, which reported fusiform dilatation of the right popliteal artery in length at 47 mm, anteroposterior and transverse diameter of 12 11 mm and permeable, aneurysm only affects the popliteal artery. […] At 5 years of age, patient underwent another CTA, confirming the existence of popliteal aneurysm, without significant variations in the size of the aneurysm described. […] Diagnosis is made by clinical examination and complementary tests such as echo-Doppler, angiography, computed axial tomography or magnetic resonance angiography. […] Possible complications include rupture of the aneurysm, distal thrombosis, which can lead to loss or delayed growth of the limb, indicating that it should be managed surgically. […] The pathology report of the biopsy taken from the aneurysm does not describe any pathological findings.

• #26 Giant popliteal artery aneurysm, the onset of colagenopathy | Anales de Pediatría

  https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-giant-popliteal-artery-aneurysm-onset-articulo-S2341287924000711

  A patient aged 13 years presented with a mass in the right popliteal fossa detected the previous day. […] The findings of an ultrasound scan and a CT angiogram led to diagnosis of giant popliteal aneurysm. […] The patient was classified as high priority to underwent early surgical intervention, consisting of reversed saphenous vein grafting. […] Genetic testing detected a mutation in the COL12A1 gene (variant c.5839CA p.Pro1947Thr), which, while classified as a variant of uncertain significance, involves a gene previously associated with connective tissue and muscular disease. […] Popliteal aneurysm is infrequent in childhood. It is more frequent in the context of collagen diseases, although it is very rarely the initial symptom of these diseases. […] The treatment is based on the complete isolation of the aneurysm by percutaneous stenting or surgical bypass, the latter of which is preferred in children and patients with collagen diseases.

• #27 Blue Toe Sign as the Initial Manifestation of a Popliteal Artery Aneurysm | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/en-blue-toe-sign-as-initial-articulo-S1578219011000357

  Blue toe syndrome (BTS) is defined as the development of a blue or violaceous discoloration of 1 or more toes in the absence of trauma, serious cold-related injury, or alterations that could cause diffuse cyanosis. […] Arteriography showed turbulent flow in the popliteal artery, a finding consistent with the presence of an aneurysm of the popliteal artery; the rest of the arteriography, including proximal and distal arteries, was normal. […] Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a popliteal artery aneurysm 2cm in diameter with mural thrombus. […] The results of additional tests performed to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of the aneurysm were not consistent with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome, leading us to consider that the aneurysm might be atheromatous in origin.

• #28 Blue Toe Sign as the Initial Manifestation of a Popliteal Artery Aneurysm | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/en-blue-toe-sign-as-initial-articulo-S1578219011000357

  Our patient presented acute reduction of arterial perfusion due to the occlusion of arteriolar vessels by emboli arising from a mural thrombus in a popliteal artery aneurysm. […] Although relatively rare, popliteal artery aneurysm is the most common peripheral arterial aneurysm and it is associated with aneurysmal disease at other sites in up to 45% of patients. […] Early diagnosis is essential as, depending on the cause of the blue toe sign, the patient’s life, or at least limb, could be at risk. […] We present a patient with blue toe syndrome or, as we propose, blue toe sign caused by embolism from a popliteal artery aneurysm, an etiology rarely reported for this syndrome.

• #29 SciELO Brazil – Idiopathic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm: emergency diagnosis and treatment Idiopathic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm: emergency diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jvb/a/YJnXJ6ZP4yQCRqV8JmTVqPq/

  Pseudoaneurysms or false aneurysms of the popliteal artery are uncommon arterial disorders. […] The objective of this report is to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approach taken to a case of an expanding idiopathic pseudoaneurysm affecting the popliteal artery. […] Doppler ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis with certainty and provided enough information to plan the surgery that would be used, since it provided the exact location of the injury and his relationship with neighboring structures, in addition to showing the undeniable patency of the distal arteries. […] The authors’ conclusion is therefore that they were faced with a rare case of idiopathic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm in which the diagnostic strategy based on ultrasonography defined the surgical intervention chosen.

• #30 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm – Lupetin & Unatin, LLC

  https://www.pamedmal.com/popliteal-artery-aneurysm/

  Popliteal artery aneurysm occurs when the popliteal artery—the main blood vessel behind the knee—dilates abnormally, weakening its walls. This condition is the most common peripheral artery aneurysm, accounting for 70-85% of all peripheral aneurysms. […] Physicians typically diagnose PAA using a combination of physical examination—checking for pulsating masses behind the knee, ultrasound with Doppler imaging—a non-invasive test to assess blood flow and aneurysm size, and CT angiography (CTA) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)—advanced imaging to determine severity and guide surgical planning. […] The standard of care requires physicians to promptly recognize and diagnose PAA in at-risk patients, monitor small aneurysms closely and intervene if growth exceeds 2 cm or symptoms develop, act immediately if signs of limb ischemia emerge, ensuring urgent vascular surgery, and educate high-risk patients about symptoms and the need for ongoing screening.

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