Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Treatment for your aortic aneurysm will depend on its size, location, and the factors that put you at risk. Small aortic aneurysms may be managed with healthy lifestyle changes. The goal is to slow the growth of the aneurysm and lower the chance of rupture or dissection. Your healthcare provider may treat other medical conditions that raise your risk for rupture or dissection, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and high blood cholesterol. Surgery may be recommended to repair large aneurysms. […] Depending on the cause or size of an aortic aneurysm or how quickly it is growing, your provider may recommend surgery to repair it. Rupture or dissection of an aneurysm may require emergency surgery. […] Open surgical repair is the most common type of surgery. You will be asleep during the procedure. Your doctor first makes a large cut in your stomach area or chest, depending on the location of the aneurysm. Then, the aneurysm is removed and a graft is sewn in its place. This graft is typically a tube made of leak-proof polyester. Recovery time for open surgical repair is about a month.

• #2 Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16742-aorta-aortic-aneurysm

  If you have an unruptured aortic aneurysm, your provider will monitor your condition closely. […] Treatment aims to prevent the aneurysm from growing large enough to tear the artery or burst. For smaller, unruptured aneurysms, your provider may prescribe medications to improve blood flow, lower blood pressure or manage cholesterol. All can help slow aneurysm growth and reduce pressure on the artery wall. […] Large aneurysms at risk of dissecting or rupturing may require surgery. Your provider might use one of these types of surgical procedures to treat an aortic aneurysm: […] Open aneurysm repair: Your provider removes the aneurysm and sews a graft (a section of specialized tubing) in place to repair the artery. Open aneurysm repair surgery may also be necessary if an aneurysm bursts.

• #3 Abdominal aortic aneurysm

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/

  Treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm usually depends on how big it is and if you have symptoms. […] If it’s small, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and eating healthily may be recommended to help stop it getting bigger. […] Sometimes you may need: medicines to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol level, which may help stop the aneurysm getting bigger […] surgery to reduce the risk of the aneurysm bursting – this may be done if your AAA is large (5.5cm or bigger), is quickly getting bigger or is painful. […] Surgery has risks and side effects which your doctor or surgeon should discuss with you. […] If your aneurysm ruptures, youll need emergency surgery to treat it.

• #4 Medication for Aortic Aneurysm | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/aortic-aneurysm/treatments/medication-for-aortic-aneurysm

  Doctors at NYU Langone may prescribe medications to help reduce your risk of an aortic aneurysm or to prevent an aneurysm from growing, which can lead to a rupture of the aorta. […] Medications allow for aortic aneurysm treatment without surgery and often are prescribed in combination with watchful waiting, a period during which your doctor observes the aortic aneurysm for changes that would require more aggressive treatment. […] If you have an aortic aneurysm, keeping your blood pressure under control can help prevent the aneurysm from growing. Antihypertensive medications lower blood pressure, relieving pressure on the aortic wall and preventing the aneurysm from growing or rupturing. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications that keep your cholesterol levels in check. Taking medications to reduce cholesterol levels can help prevent a buildup of plaque, which is an accumulation of fats, calcium, and other substances in the blood that adheres to an artery’s wall. This can reduce the symptoms of or prevent atherosclerosis.

• #5 A New Treatment Approach for Deadly Aneurysms > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-treatment

  But an important advantage for patients undergoing EVAR and TEVAR is that vascular and cardiac surgeons are able to work together in a hybrid operating room, where they can transition to an open operation, if necessary. […] An EVAR procedure typically takes two hours or so, Dr. Chaar says. […] Several months later, Dr. Downing says he feels as good as he did before the operation. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked get a one-time ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (even if they have no symptoms), and selective screening for men in this age group who have never smoked. […] Meanwhile, researchers are studying other ways to keep aneurysms from growing to sizes that will put them at risk. […] The most obvious way to prevent aortic aneurysms is to get people to stop smoking, he says, adding that tobacco smoking accounts for about 75% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms, and its also a risk factor for thoracic aneurysms.

• #6 Aortic Aneurysms: Nonsurgical Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-health/aortic-aneurysm-treatment-without-surgery

  Nonsurgical treatments for aortic aneurysms, such as medications and lifestyle changes, focus on reducing your risk of an aneurysm growing larger or bursting. […] Surgery is the main treatment for large aneurysms or those that are growing rapidly. Nonsurgical treatments may be an option for small and some medium-sized aortic aneurysms. […] Nonsurgical treatments for aortic aneurysms fall into two general categories: medications and lifestyle changes. […] Medications for aortic aneurysms aim to prevent the aneurysm from getting larger or bursting. […] Statins lower your cholesterol levels, slowing the progress of atherosclerosis, an important risk factor for aortic aneurysms. […] Low-dose aspirin may also be used in people with aortic aneurysms that began with atherosclerosis. […] If you have an aortic aneurysm, a doctor will also recommend adopting lifestyle changes that promote heart health.

• #7 Aortic Aneurysm Treatments, Medications, & Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tips-aortic-aneurysm

  The treatment of your aneurysm depends on how big it is. If it’s less than 5 centimeters, or 2 inches, your doctor might try to treat it with medication first. They might prescribe drugs, such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers to lower your blood pressure and relax your blood vessels. These medications will lessen the chance that your aneurysm will rupture or burst. […] If your aneurysm continues to grow and if you have symptoms, like chest, back, or jaw pain, your doctor may decide to perform surgery on you to remove the bulge. […] The most common type of surgery is open abdominal or chest repair, where the doctor opens up your chest or abdomen, depending on where the problem is, removes the bulge in your aorta, and replaces it with a fabric tube called a graft. […] A newer, less invasive procedure called endovascular repair involves guiding a device called a stent graft through the groin and to the site of the aneurysm. Your doctor places the stent graft (a wire frame sewn onto a fabric tube) inside the aorta, which lessens the pressure on the weakened artery walls. The type of procedure you have depends on your general health and where your aneurysm is located.

• #8 Medication for Aortic Aneurysm | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/aortic-aneurysm/treatments/medication-for-aortic-aneurysm

  Doctors at NYU Langone may prescribe medications to help reduce your risk of an aortic aneurysm or to prevent an aneurysm from growing, which can lead to a rupture of the aorta. […] Medications allow for aortic aneurysm treatment without surgery and often are prescribed in combination with watchful waiting, a period during which your doctor observes the aortic aneurysm for changes that would require more aggressive treatment. […] If you have an aortic aneurysm, keeping your blood pressure under control can help prevent the aneurysm from growing. Antihypertensive medications lower blood pressure, relieving pressure on the aortic wall and preventing the aneurysm from growing or rupturing. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications that keep your cholesterol levels in check. Taking medications to reduce cholesterol levels can help prevent a buildup of plaque, which is an accumulation of fats, calcium, and other substances in the blood that adheres to an artery’s wall. This can reduce the symptoms of or prevent atherosclerosis.

• #9 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, Initial Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-treatment

  The decision to treat an unruptured AAA is based on operative risk, the risk of rupture, and the patients estimated life expectancy. […] The SVS suggested that the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) mortality risk score be used preoperatively to assist patients in making informed decisions about proceeding with aneurysm repair. […] In patients with small AAAs, attempts should be made to reduce the expansion rate and rupture risk. Smoking cessation is of paramount importance. Hypertension should be aggressively controlled. […] According to the 2018 SVS guidelines, if the AAA is between 3.0 and 3.9 cm, surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals is suggested. […] Patients with AAAs 5-6 cm in diameter may benefit from repair, especially if they have other contributing factors for rupture.

• #10 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, Initial Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-treatment

  The decision to treat an unruptured AAA is based on operative risk, the risk of rupture, and the patients estimated life expectancy. […] The SVS suggested that the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) mortality risk score be used preoperatively to assist patients in making informed decisions about proceeding with aneurysm repair. […] In patients with small AAAs, attempts should be made to reduce the expansion rate and rupture risk. Smoking cessation is of paramount importance. Hypertension should be aggressively controlled. […] According to the 2018 SVS guidelines, if the AAA is between 3.0 and 3.9 cm, surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals is suggested. […] Patients with AAAs 5-6 cm in diameter may benefit from repair, especially if they have other contributing factors for rupture.

• #11 The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9898314/

  Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. […] At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. […] The most effective treatment for patients with AA is still open surgical repair or endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Generally, when the diameter of the aneurysm is greater than 5.5cm, surgery is required. […] EVAR is performed by directing blood flow through placement of a covered stent, during which the aneurysm remains intact. […] Some researchers have turned to cell therapy. Wangs team applied human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the mouse local elastase AAA model. […] In summary, the treatment of AA is in its infancy currently, and a large number of drugs and targeted therapies are still in clinical trials stage. […] Therefore, exploring the potential targets of AA is the main research direction of researchers in future.

• #12 The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-023-01325-7

  Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. […] The most effective treatment for patients with AA is still open surgical repair or endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Generally, when the diameter of the aneurysm is greater than 5.5cm, surgery is required. […] EVAR is performed by directing blood flow through placement of a covered stent, during which the aneurysm remains intact. […] As a research hotspot in recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have also been applied to the treatment of AA. […] In summary, the treatment of AA is in its infancy currently, and a large number of drugs and targeted therapies are still in clinical trials stage.

• #13 Abdominal aortic aneurysm – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350693

  The goal of abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment is to prevent an aneurysm from rupturing. Treatment may involve: […] Surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm is generally recommended if the aneurysm is 1.9 to 2.2 inches (4.8 to 5.6 centimeters) or larger, or if it’s growing quickly. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment options may include: […] Endovascular repair. This treatment is most often used to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] Open surgery. This is major surgery. A surgeon removes the damaged part of the aorta and replaces it with a graft, which is sewn into place. Full recovery may take a month or more. […] Long-term survival rates are similar for both endovascular surgery and open surgery.

• #14 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, Initial Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-treatment

  The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended elective repair for patients at low or acceptable surgical risk who have a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm or larger, as well as for patients who present with a saccular aneurysm. […] For patients at higher risk, the threshold for repair may be a diameter of 6-7 cm, depending on their condition. […] Thus, the decision to repair an AAA is a complex one in which the patient must play an important role. […] Contraindications for operative intervention of AAAs include severe COPD, severe cardiac disease, active infection, and medical problems that preclude operative intervention. […] There are two primary methods of AAA repair, open repair and EVAR. Open AAA repair requires direct access to the aorta via an abdominal or retroperitoneal incision. […] The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended EVAR as the preferred treatment for ruptured AAAs, if it is anatomically feasible.

• #15 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, Surgical Options

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424904-treatment

  Indications for surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are based on size or growth rate and symptoms. Because the risk of rupture is proportional to the diameter of the aneurysm, aneurysmal size is the criterion for elective surgical repair. […] Elefteriades published the natural history of TAAs and recommended elective repair of ascending aneurysms at 5.5 cm and descending aneurysms at 6.5 cm for patients without any familial disorders such as Marfan syndrome. […] These recommendations were based on the finding that the incidence of complications (rupture and dissection) exponentially increased when the size of the ascending aorta reached 6.0 cm (31% risk of complications) or when the size of the descending aorta reached 7.0 cm (43% risk). […] Patients with Marfan syndrome or familial aneurysms should undergo earlier repair, when the ascending aorta grows to 5.0 cm or the descending aorta grows to 6.0 cm.

• #16 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, Surgical Options

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424904-treatment

  Rapid expansion is also a surgical indication. Growth rates average 0.07 cm/y in the ascending aorta and 0.19 cm/y in the descending aorta. […] A growth rate of 1 cm/y or faster is an indication for elective surgical repair. […] Symptomatic patients should undergo aneurysm resection, regardless of aneurysm size. […] Emergency operation is indicated in the setting of acute rupture. […] Patients who undergo surgery for symptomatic aortic insufficiency or stenosis with an associated enlarged aneurysmal aorta should have concomitant aortic replacement if the aorta reaches 5 cm in diameter. […] Concomitant aortic replacement should be considered for patients with bicuspid aortic valves with an aorta more than 4.5 cm in diameter. […] For descending TAAs, endovascular stent grafting is less invasive and is an ideal alternative to open repair for patients at high risk for complications of open repair.

• #17 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, Initial Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-treatment

  The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended elective repair for patients at low or acceptable surgical risk who have a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm or larger, as well as for patients who present with a saccular aneurysm. […] For patients at higher risk, the threshold for repair may be a diameter of 6-7 cm, depending on their condition. […] Thus, the decision to repair an AAA is a complex one in which the patient must play an important role. […] Contraindications for operative intervention of AAAs include severe COPD, severe cardiac disease, active infection, and medical problems that preclude operative intervention. […] There are two primary methods of AAA repair, open repair and EVAR. Open AAA repair requires direct access to the aorta via an abdominal or retroperitoneal incision. […] The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended EVAR as the preferred treatment for ruptured AAAs, if it is anatomically feasible.

• #18 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Treatment for your aortic aneurysm will depend on its size, location, and the factors that put you at risk. Small aortic aneurysms may be managed with healthy lifestyle changes. The goal is to slow the growth of the aneurysm and lower the chance of rupture or dissection. Your healthcare provider may treat other medical conditions that raise your risk for rupture or dissection, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and high blood cholesterol. Surgery may be recommended to repair large aneurysms. […] Depending on the cause or size of an aortic aneurysm or how quickly it is growing, your provider may recommend surgery to repair it. Rupture or dissection of an aneurysm may require emergency surgery. […] Open surgical repair is the most common type of surgery. You will be asleep during the procedure. Your doctor first makes a large cut in your stomach area or chest, depending on the location of the aneurysm. Then, the aneurysm is removed and a graft is sewn in its place. This graft is typically a tube made of leak-proof polyester. Recovery time for open surgical repair is about a month.

• #19 Aneurysm Surgery: Procedure Details and Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16735-aneurysm-surgery-traditional-open-surgery

  Aneurysm surgery is a treatment for aortic aneurysms. A surgeon removes the damaged part of your aorta and replaces it with a synthetic fabric tube called a graft. The surgery is very effective when performed before aneurysm rupture. Recovery for most people includes five to 10 days in the hospital and four to six weeks at home. […] Aneurysm surgery, also called traditional open surgery, is a treatment for aortic aneurysms. An aortic aneurysm damages your aorta and causes life-threatening complications. The main purpose of open surgery is to prevent an aneurysm rupture or dissection. It can also repair damage after such an event happens. […] Aneurysm surgery is often necessary to prevent serious complications or death. Like any major surgery, it carries risks. But the benefits usually outweigh the risks. Your provider will discuss your options with you and determine if you need surgery.

• #20 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Treatment for your aortic aneurysm will depend on its size, location, and the factors that put you at risk. Small aortic aneurysms may be managed with healthy lifestyle changes. The goal is to slow the growth of the aneurysm and lower the chance of rupture or dissection. Your healthcare provider may treat other medical conditions that raise your risk for rupture or dissection, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and high blood cholesterol. Surgery may be recommended to repair large aneurysms. […] Depending on the cause or size of an aortic aneurysm or how quickly it is growing, your provider may recommend surgery to repair it. Rupture or dissection of an aneurysm may require emergency surgery. […] Open surgical repair is the most common type of surgery. You will be asleep during the procedure. Your doctor first makes a large cut in your stomach area or chest, depending on the location of the aneurysm. Then, the aneurysm is removed and a graft is sewn in its place. This graft is typically a tube made of leak-proof polyester. Recovery time for open surgical repair is about a month.

• #21 Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/treatment-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-aaa/

  If you are fit for surgery two types of operation may be performed. […] The traditional operation involves cutting open your abdomen to replace the aneurysm with an artificial piece of artery (a graft). This is a major operation and carries some risk. However, it is successful in most cases and the long term outlook is good. The graft usually works well for the rest of your life. […] This involves inserting a graft within the aneurysm through small groin incisions using X-rays to guide the graft into place. The advantage of this type of repair is that there is no abdominal surgery. This technique is therefore safer than the traditional operation, and you need to spend less time in hospital. […] If aneurysms are successfully repaired, this prevents them blocking or bursting and there is a very high likelihood that you will return to a normal life. Full recovery takes between three and six months after open surgery and two to four weeks after endovascular repair. The speed of recovery will also be affected by your age and general fitness. […] As with any major operation there is a small risk of you having a medical complication such as: heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, chest problem, loss of circulation in the legs or bowel, infection in the graft used to replace your aorta.

• #22 Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/treatment-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-aaa/

  If you are fit for surgery two types of operation may be performed. […] The traditional operation involves cutting open your abdomen to replace the aneurysm with an artificial piece of artery (a graft). This is a major operation and carries some risk. However, it is successful in most cases and the long term outlook is good. The graft usually works well for the rest of your life. […] This involves inserting a graft within the aneurysm through small groin incisions using X-rays to guide the graft into place. The advantage of this type of repair is that there is no abdominal surgery. This technique is therefore safer than the traditional operation, and you need to spend less time in hospital. […] If aneurysms are successfully repaired, this prevents them blocking or bursting and there is a very high likelihood that you will return to a normal life. Full recovery takes between three and six months after open surgery and two to four weeks after endovascular repair. The speed of recovery will also be affected by your age and general fitness. […] As with any major operation there is a small risk of you having a medical complication such as: heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, chest problem, loss of circulation in the legs or bowel, infection in the graft used to replace your aorta.

• #23 Aortic Aneurysm

  https://www.uabmedicine.org/specialties/aortic-aneurysm/

  Endovascular aneurysm repairs are typically performed by vascular surgeons, and these repairs depend heavily on the anatomy of the blood vessels and the cause of the aneurysm. […] Aortic aneurysms vary greatly, and the timing and type of repair used often depend on where the aneurysm begins and ends. […] Repairing this type of aneurysm typically requires open surgery, which is most commonly performed by a cardiac surgeon. […] Aneurysms in the aortic arch traditionally have been repaired with open methods, but newer endovascular methods are currently in development that allow for minimally invasive treatment of some of these aneurysms. […] Aneurysms in the descending thoracic aorta are most commonly treated with endovascular methods, but arterial anatomy and cause of the aneurysm may prevent a minimally invasive treatment from being used.

• #24 Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Broadly speaking, the different surgical techniques for treating aortic aneurysms can be grouped into two large blocks: […] This involves replacing the dilated section of aorta with a prosthetic stent, usually made from Dacron. […] This technique uses a vascular stent graft folded inside a catheter (endoprosthesis) which is introduced through an artery in the groin area (femoral artery). […] The type of intervention is selected according to the specific features of each patients aneurysm. […] Aneurysms in this area are, due to their proximity to the heart, almost always treated through conventional surgery by performing a sternotomy (splitting of the sternum) and with the aid of a heartlung machine which keeps oxygenated blood circulating around the body throughout the operation. […] Aneurysms in this section of the aorta tend to be repaired via conventional surgery assisted by a heartlung machine.

• #25 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is done by cardiac catheterization and is less invasive than open surgical repair. This is because the cut is smaller, and you usually need less recovery time. EVAR is used to repair abdominal aortic aneurysms more often than thoracic aortic aneurysms. During the procedure, your surgical team makes a small cut, usually in the groin, then guides a stent graft a tube covered with fabric through your blood vessels up to the aorta. The stent graft then expands and attaches to the aortic walls. A seal forms between the stent graft and the vessel wall to prevent blood from entering the aortic aneurysm. […] Complications of both types of aortic aneurysm repair can occur, and they may be life-threatening. These include: Bleeding and blood loss, Blood clots in blood vessels leading to the bowel, kidneys, legs, or in the graft, Damage to blood vessels or walls of the aorta when placing the stent graft or if the stent graft moves after it is placed, Decreased blood flow to the bowels, legs, kidneys or other organs during surgery, which may lead to injury to these organs, Endoleak, or a blood leak around the stent graft into the aneurysm, must be treated to prevent aneurysm rupture if it happens, Gastrointestinal bleeding rarely occurs, but can happen if an abnormal connection forms between the aorta and your intestines after the repair, Heart problems such as heart attack or arrhythmia, Infection of the incision or the graft, Kidney damage, Spinal cord injury, which may cause paralysis, Stroke.

• #26 Abdominal aortic aneurysm – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350693

  The goal of abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment is to prevent an aneurysm from rupturing. Treatment may involve: […] Surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm is generally recommended if the aneurysm is 1.9 to 2.2 inches (4.8 to 5.6 centimeters) or larger, or if it’s growing quickly. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment options may include: […] Endovascular repair. This treatment is most often used to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] Open surgery. This is major surgery. A surgeon removes the damaged part of the aorta and replaces it with a graft, which is sewn into place. Full recovery may take a month or more. […] Long-term survival rates are similar for both endovascular surgery and open surgery.

• #27 Improving treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm – without open surgery | Discovery | Heart | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/improving-treatment-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-without-open-surgery/

  With EVAR, a doctor makes a small incision in a patients groin and threads a small tube known as a catheter to the site of the aneurysm. […] EVAR offers a number of benefits over open surgery, including fewer complication risks and faster recovery. […] To overcome this issue, UT Southwestern offers fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR). […] FDA approval of such a device has the potential to help many more patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm avoid open surgery and get back to their normal lives more quickly. […] Its important to remember, however, that some patients may still have to undergo open surgery due to the severity of their condition or the location of their aneurysm. […] Along with its expertise in endovascular repair, UT Southwestern is also a center of excellence for open AAA repair.

• #28 Innovative Approaches to Aortic Aneurysm Treatment | Surgery | U of U School of Medicine

  https://medicine.utah.edu/surgery/cardiothoracic/news/2025/02/innovative-approaches-aortic-aneurysm-treatment

  A far less invasive option, developed about 30 years ago and performed regularly for about 15 years, is complex fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR), which can treat aortic aneurysms in the belly and aneurysms that extend into the chest. […] U of U Health recently received the green light from the FDA to offer that different option. The agency has authorized Johnson and Droz to conduct a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption (PS-IDE) research trial for the FEVAR procedure called a Physician-Modified Endovascular Graft (PMEG). […] Johnson says FEVAR is ideal for particularly fragile patients who are either too old or too sick to undergo open aneurysm repair. […] At U of U Health, we’re willing to offer options to patients when other places have said, „There’s nothing that we can do,” Johnson said. The need to care for these patients is pushing surgery teams to be innovative.

• #29 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/endovascular-aortic-repair

  Endovascular aortic repair is surgery to treat a weakened and enlarged area (aortic aneurysm) in the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the vital organs (aorta). […] The endovascular approach is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms and also is becoming more available for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms. […] Endovascular aortic repair may be recommended to treat an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] The endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair procedure is performed inside the aorta (endovascular) using thin, long tubes (catheters) and a tube composed of fabric supported by a metal mesh (stent graft), which is used to reinforce the weakened area and allow blood to pass through. […] Endovascular repair offers these advantages: The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours. Patients can go home in a few days after the procedure. There are smaller scars and less trauma compared with open surgical techniques. Most people return to their normal activities in 2 to 6 weeks after the procedure. […] Patients who have an endovascular stent-graft must return to their doctor regularly to have the position of the stent-graft monitored by a CT scan.

• #30 TREATMENT OPTIONS ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM (AAA) –

  https://ourheartdr.com/vascular-services/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-aaa/treatment-options-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-aaa/

  Recognizing how uncertain your world can seem when you suddenly need medical treatment, we try to make all our therapies, including our stent grafts for treating abdominal aortic aneurysm, as minimally invasive as possible. […] The goal in treating an abdominal aortic aneurysm is to keep the aneurysm from bursting or rupturing. Depending on the size and condition of your aneurysm, this may be done by watchful waiting or by repairing the aneurysm. […] If the doctor feels there is a risk that the aortic aneurysm will burst, he or she may recommend one of two aneurysm repair methods: either open surgical repair or endovascular stent grafting. […] A less invasive alternative to open surgical repair is endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using a special device called an endovascular stent graft. The stent graft is placed inside the damaged area of the aorta to separate the aneurysm from the normal blood flow.

• #31 Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/endovascular-aortic-repair

  Endovascular aortic repair is surgery to treat a weakened and enlarged area (aortic aneurysm) in the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the vital organs (aorta). […] The endovascular approach is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms and also is becoming more available for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms. […] Endovascular aortic repair may be recommended to treat an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] The endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair procedure is performed inside the aorta (endovascular) using thin, long tubes (catheters) and a tube composed of fabric supported by a metal mesh (stent graft), which is used to reinforce the weakened area and allow blood to pass through. […] Endovascular repair offers these advantages: The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours. Patients can go home in a few days after the procedure. There are smaller scars and less trauma compared with open surgical techniques. Most people return to their normal activities in 2 to 6 weeks after the procedure. […] Patients who have an endovascular stent-graft must return to their doctor regularly to have the position of the stent-graft monitored by a CT scan.

• #32 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Vascular Center | UC Davis Health

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/vascular/diseases/aaa.html

  Endovascular aneurysm repair is a less-invasive surgical treatment that involves a small incision in the groin and the insertion of a stent graft (also called an endograft or endovascular graft) through a catheter placed in the femoral artery. The stent graft is expanded inside the aorta and held in place by metallic hooks or struts rather than stitches. The blood now flows through the stent graft, excluding blood flow from the aneurysm. […] Once an endograft has been placed, there is a need for long-term surveillance to ensure that the graft remains in the correct position, that flow through the graft is normal and that the aneurysm is not expanding. The schedule for post-operative surveillance imaging may vary, but usually tests are ordered at three, six and 12 months after the endograft is placed, then annually thereafter.

• #33 Aortic Aneurysm

  https://www.uabmedicine.org/specialties/aortic-aneurysm/

  Depending on arterial anatomy and cause of the aneurysm, thoracoabdominal aneurysms may be treated with endovascular, open, or hybrid techniques. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysms, often referred to as AAA, are the most common type of aortic aneurysm and develop in the section of the aorta below the diaphragm and within the abdomen. […] UAB Medicines vascular and cardiac specialists provide expert treatment of aortic aneurysms using minimally invasive endovascular procedures, open surgical reconstruction, or a combination of both techniques, depending on the location and cause of the aneurysms. […] Repair of complex aneurysms often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving both vascular and cardiac surgeons. […] We maintain an operating room designed specifically for vascular procedures, where we are able to perform hybrid aortic aneurysm repairs, combining both open surgery and minimally invasive endovascular techniques and maximizing the benefits of both. […] Our commitment to innovation and discovery often means that patients have access to advanced new treatments long before they are available to the general public.

• #34 Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  These are located in the section of the aorta that runs beyond the left subclavian artery up to where the aorta leaves the chest cavity as it passes through the diaphragm. […] Thoracoabdominal aneurysms can be treated by either conventional surgery, normally using a heartlung machine, or endovascular surgery by implanting special custom-made stents. […] In this section of the aorta, aneurysms tend to occur below the level of the renal arteries. […] In some patients, endovascular and open surgery are used in combination to minimise the surgical stress of the procedure while obtaining the same final result but with fewer complications and less discomfort. […] Additionally, endovascular technology is constantly evolving to produce better devices that are easier to implant and even more durable, thus helping to reduce complications. […] Advances in open surgery, on the other hand, aim to reduce surgical trauma by developing instruments that simplify the procedure and enable longer sections of the aorta to be repaired in a single operation without increasing the associated risk.

• #35 Aortic Aneurysm | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-aneurysm

  Our skilled surgical teams can sometimes minimize invasiveness by using a customized hybrid approach that combines open and catheter-based procedures. Hybrid procedures are useful when multiple areas of the aorta are involved. They allow one area to be reached with a catheter from a smaller surgical opening elsewhere.

• #36 Types of Aneurysm – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/aortic-disease/types-of-aneurysm-repair

  For endovascular repairs, our physician inserts a long, thin catheter into a vessel in the groin and threads it up into the aorta. A small, flexible tube called a stent or endograft is guided through the catheter and inserted into the aorta to strengthen it and reinforce the weakened section of the aorta to prevent rupture. […] Patients who undergo endovascular aneurysm repair will need regular follow-up visits for CT scans to make sure that the graft is working properly. […] Because there are aneurysms that cannot be repaired through endovascular techniques alone, our vascular surgeons also offer hybrids repairs featuring a combination of endovascular stenting and open repair. Often, hybrid procedures can be custom designed for each patient in an effort to decrease the size of the incision and duration of the procedure, ultimately improving recovery and ensuring the best possible outcome.

• #37 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is done by cardiac catheterization and is less invasive than open surgical repair. This is because the cut is smaller, and you usually need less recovery time. EVAR is used to repair abdominal aortic aneurysms more often than thoracic aortic aneurysms. During the procedure, your surgical team makes a small cut, usually in the groin, then guides a stent graft a tube covered with fabric through your blood vessels up to the aorta. The stent graft then expands and attaches to the aortic walls. A seal forms between the stent graft and the vessel wall to prevent blood from entering the aortic aneurysm. […] Complications of both types of aortic aneurysm repair can occur, and they may be life-threatening. These include: Bleeding and blood loss, Blood clots in blood vessels leading to the bowel, kidneys, legs, or in the graft, Damage to blood vessels or walls of the aorta when placing the stent graft or if the stent graft moves after it is placed, Decreased blood flow to the bowels, legs, kidneys or other organs during surgery, which may lead to injury to these organs, Endoleak, or a blood leak around the stent graft into the aneurysm, must be treated to prevent aneurysm rupture if it happens, Gastrointestinal bleeding rarely occurs, but can happen if an abnormal connection forms between the aorta and your intestines after the repair, Heart problems such as heart attack or arrhythmia, Infection of the incision or the graft, Kidney damage, Spinal cord injury, which may cause paralysis, Stroke.

• #38 Aortic Aneurysm – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm/treatment

  Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is done by cardiac catheterization and is less invasive than open surgical repair. This is because the cut is smaller, and you usually need less recovery time. EVAR is used to repair abdominal aortic aneurysms more often than thoracic aortic aneurysms. During the procedure, your surgical team makes a small cut, usually in the groin, then guides a stent graft a tube covered with fabric through your blood vessels up to the aorta. The stent graft then expands and attaches to the aortic walls. A seal forms between the stent graft and the vessel wall to prevent blood from entering the aortic aneurysm. […] Complications of both types of aortic aneurysm repair can occur, and they may be life-threatening. These include: Bleeding and blood loss, Blood clots in blood vessels leading to the bowel, kidneys, legs, or in the graft, Damage to blood vessels or walls of the aorta when placing the stent graft or if the stent graft moves after it is placed, Decreased blood flow to the bowels, legs, kidneys or other organs during surgery, which may lead to injury to these organs, Endoleak, or a blood leak around the stent graft into the aneurysm, must be treated to prevent aneurysm rupture if it happens, Gastrointestinal bleeding rarely occurs, but can happen if an abnormal connection forms between the aorta and your intestines after the repair, Heart problems such as heart attack or arrhythmia, Infection of the incision or the graft, Kidney damage, Spinal cord injury, which may cause paralysis, Stroke.

• #39 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0800/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm.html

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm can be managed medically or surgically, depending on the patient’s symptoms and the size and growth rate of the aneurysm. […] Medical management is appropriate for asymptomatic patients and smaller aneurysms and includes tobacco cessation and therapy for cardiovascular risk reduction. […] Surgical management, which includes open and endovascular aneurysm repair, is indicated when the aneurysm diameter is 5.5 cm or larger in men and 5.0 cm or larger in women. […] Medical management of AAA predominantly involves cardiovascular risk reduction such as antihypertensive, statin, and antiplatelet therapy. […] AAA can be managed medically or surgically, depending on the patient’s symptoms and the size and growth rate of the aneurysm. […] Surgical repair of ruptured AAA is challenging, and most studies show that the perioperative mortality rates range from 40% to 60%.

• #40 Aneurysm Surgery: Procedure Details and Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16735-aneurysm-surgery-traditional-open-surgery

  People who have a ruptured or dissected aortic aneurysm need this surgery. Its an emergency surgery that can save your life. Other people might need this surgery if they have an aneurysm thats at risk of rupturing but hasnt yet. This risk increases if your aneurysm is getting bigger or causing symptoms. […] Aneurysm surgery can save your life. It can prevent an aneurysm rupture or dissection. It can also be performed in an emergency to repair damage from an aneurysm rupture or dissection. […] Aneurysm surgery is very serious if performed after an aneurysm rupture. The chance of survival after surgery for a ruptured aortic aneurysm is 50% to 70%. The greatest threat comes from complications of the rupture, including kidney failure. But with no treatment at all, the rupture will certainly be deadly. So, surgery offers the best chance of survival after a rupture.

• #41 Thoracic aortic aneurysm – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350193

  The goals of treatment for a thoracic aortic aneurysm are to: […] Treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm may include: […] Surgery is generally recommended for thoracic aortic aneurysms about 1.9 to 2.4 inches (about 5 to 6 centimeters) and larger. Surgery may be recommended for smaller aneurysms if you have a family history of aortic dissection or a condition linked to aortic aneurysm, such as Marfan syndrome. […] Types of surgeries and procedures for thoracic aortic aneurysms include: […] Open surgery to repair a thoracic aortic aneurysm involves removing the damaged part of the aorta. The damaged part is replaced with a synthetic tube, called a graft, which is sewn into place. […] In endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair, the surgeon inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter through an artery in the groin area and guides it to the aorta. A metal mesh tube called a graft is placed at the aneurysm site. Small hooks or pins hold it in place. The graft strengthens the weakened part of the aorta to prevent rupture of the aneurysm. […] Emergency surgery. A ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm needs emergency surgery. This open-chest surgery is risky. There is a high chance of complications. That’s why it’s important to find and treat thoracic aortic aneurysms before they rupture.

• #42

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/treatment/

  If surgery is not suitable for you, you’ll have regular scans to monitor your AAA. […] In endovascular surgery, a tube (graft) is inserted into a blood vessel in your groin through small cuts made in your skin. […] The advantage of endovascular surgery is a quick recovery time as it avoids a large tummy operation. […] A disadvantage of endovascular surgery is that the graft has to be checked regularly after surgery. […] During open surgery, a cut is made in your tummy and your surgeon replaces the affected section of aorta with a graft. […] The risk of complications is generally higher than with endovascular surgery. […] A burst aneurysm is a medical emergency. It is treated with emergency surgery using the same techniques used for a large aneurysm.

• #43 Aneurysm Surgery: Procedure Details and Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16735-aneurysm-surgery-traditional-open-surgery

  People who have a ruptured or dissected aortic aneurysm need this surgery. Its an emergency surgery that can save your life. Other people might need this surgery if they have an aneurysm thats at risk of rupturing but hasnt yet. This risk increases if your aneurysm is getting bigger or causing symptoms. […] Aneurysm surgery can save your life. It can prevent an aneurysm rupture or dissection. It can also be performed in an emergency to repair damage from an aneurysm rupture or dissection. […] Aneurysm surgery is very serious if performed after an aneurysm rupture. The chance of survival after surgery for a ruptured aortic aneurysm is 50% to 70%. The greatest threat comes from complications of the rupture, including kidney failure. But with no treatment at all, the rupture will certainly be deadly. So, surgery offers the best chance of survival after a rupture.

• #44 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, Initial Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-treatment

  The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended elective repair for patients at low or acceptable surgical risk who have a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm or larger, as well as for patients who present with a saccular aneurysm. […] For patients at higher risk, the threshold for repair may be a diameter of 6-7 cm, depending on their condition. […] Thus, the decision to repair an AAA is a complex one in which the patient must play an important role. […] Contraindications for operative intervention of AAAs include severe COPD, severe cardiac disease, active infection, and medical problems that preclude operative intervention. […] There are two primary methods of AAA repair, open repair and EVAR. Open AAA repair requires direct access to the aorta via an abdominal or retroperitoneal incision. […] The 2018 SVS guidelines recommended EVAR as the preferred treatment for ruptured AAAs, if it is anatomically feasible.

• #45 The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9898314/

  Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. […] At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. […] The most effective treatment for patients with AA is still open surgical repair or endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Generally, when the diameter of the aneurysm is greater than 5.5cm, surgery is required. […] EVAR is performed by directing blood flow through placement of a covered stent, during which the aneurysm remains intact. […] Some researchers have turned to cell therapy. Wangs team applied human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the mouse local elastase AAA model. […] In summary, the treatment of AA is in its infancy currently, and a large number of drugs and targeted therapies are still in clinical trials stage. […] Therefore, exploring the potential targets of AA is the main research direction of researchers in future.

• #46 A New Treatment That Clicks for Aortic Aneurysms

  https://news.engineering.pitt.edu/a-new-treatment-that-clicks-for-aortic-aneurysms/

  We’re really interested in this disease because there’s only the option of surgical intervention right now, either open surgery or endovascular repair, and it’s really only offered for patients who have an expansion of their aorta that’s above five or 5.5 centimeters, Marini said. […] Factors such as aging and co-existing conditions such as diabetes further complicate aneurysm surgery, so to avoid it altogether, Marini said that the project will focus on using extracellular vesicles (EVs) to send regenerative signals to the aorta. […] According to Vorp, who is the primary investigator, the team hopes that using this approach will send regenerative signals to prevent further degradation of the aorta and keep the treatment localized to the aorta itself. […] If we could find a way to attach EVs to suitable materials, then applying that material to the outside of the aneurysm is a potential way to localize them and use only what is needed, Vorp said.

• #47 Aortic Aneurysm Treatment at Emory Heart & Vascular

  https://prod.emoryhealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/treatments/aortic-aneurysm-treatment

  The cardiovascular experts at Emory Heart Vascular offer a wide range of treatments for aortic aneurysms. We will work with you to find the right therapy that meets your needs. […] Our specialists may first try to treat and control your aneurysm with medication. Medications to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol can help. But you still may need surgery. In those cases, our experts offer a variety of traditional, endovascular and minimally invasive procedures to fix your aortic aneurysm. These include: Aortic Root Surgery, Mechanical Composite Root Replacement, Reimplantation Valve Sparing Root Replacement, Tissue Valved Conduit Repair, Ross Procedure. […] Emory aortic surgeons perform more than 700 open and endovascular aortic procedures annually and perform more aortic dissections than any other medical center in Georgia. In addition to performing surgeries for a high volume of patients, our physicians also treat patients who simply need medical management alongside those who need more complex treatments. […] Our pioneering surgeons are also involved in many clinical trials that look at new aortic devices and treatments. This research gives you access to therapies that may not be available anywhere else.

• #48 Research Shows New Procedure to Repair Complex Aortic Aneurysm Saves Lives.

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/blog/complex-aortic-aneurysm

  A MedStar Health Research Institute study shows significant promise for treating complex aortic aneurysms with a minimally invasive procedure. […] Our research focuses on an innovative therapy that is helping improve and save the lives of patients with complex aortic aneurysms for which there previously has been no effective minimally invasive treatment. […] The clinical trial we are conducting is approved by the FDA, allowing me to modify the Cook Alpha Thoracic Endovascular Graft to tailor it to my patients individual anatomy, and hence offer my patients a life-saving treatment. […] This minimally invasive graft procedure for aneurysms in the chest has proven very effective, demonstrating a 98% technical success rate. […] Therefore, the fenestrated and branched endovascular (F/B-EVAR) technology is being used for the high-risk patients through this trial to offer them a treatment tailored to their anatomy.

• #49 Abdominal aortic aneurysm – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350693

  The goal of abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment is to prevent an aneurysm from rupturing. Treatment may involve: […] Surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm is generally recommended if the aneurysm is 1.9 to 2.2 inches (4.8 to 5.6 centimeters) or larger, or if it’s growing quickly. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment options may include: […] Endovascular repair. This treatment is most often used to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] Open surgery. This is major surgery. A surgeon removes the damaged part of the aorta and replaces it with a graft, which is sewn into place. Full recovery may take a month or more. […] Long-term survival rates are similar for both endovascular surgery and open surgery.

• #50 Aortic Aneurysm | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-aneurysm

  At the University of Michigan Health Frankel Cardiovascular Center, our skilled cardiologists, surgeons and other specialists offer treatment options for all types of aortic aneurysms. Our team-based approach focuses on making sure you and your family understand your options. We work with you to decide which treatment is best for you. […] Our Comprehensive Aortic Program offers genetic counseling to patients and screening of your first-degree relatives. If an aneurysm is identified in a family member, we can provide treatment to avoid a life-threatening rupture. […] Our specialists work with you to develop a customized treatment plan. The goal of the plan is to prevent a rupture and, if possible, slow the growth of the aneurysm. […] A small aortic aneurysm may only need medication and monitoring. Others may require surgery. Our Comprehensive Aortic Program is one of the best in the nation for aortic repair. We offer a range of procedures, including minimally invasive, traditional surgical and hybrid:

• #51 Abdominal aortic aneurysm

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/

  Treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm usually depends on how big it is and if you have symptoms. […] If it’s small, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and eating healthily may be recommended to help stop it getting bigger. […] Sometimes you may need: medicines to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol level, which may help stop the aneurysm getting bigger […] surgery to reduce the risk of the aneurysm bursting – this may be done if your AAA is large (5.5cm or bigger), is quickly getting bigger or is painful. […] Surgery has risks and side effects which your doctor or surgeon should discuss with you. […] If your aneurysm ruptures, youll need emergency surgery to treat it.

• #52 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0800/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm.html

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm can be managed medically or surgically, depending on the patient’s symptoms and the size and growth rate of the aneurysm. […] Medical management is appropriate for asymptomatic patients and smaller aneurysms and includes tobacco cessation and therapy for cardiovascular risk reduction. […] Surgical management, which includes open and endovascular aneurysm repair, is indicated when the aneurysm diameter is 5.5 cm or larger in men and 5.0 cm or larger in women. […] Medical management of AAA predominantly involves cardiovascular risk reduction such as antihypertensive, statin, and antiplatelet therapy. […] AAA can be managed medically or surgically, depending on the patient’s symptoms and the size and growth rate of the aneurysm. […] Surgical repair of ruptured AAA is challenging, and most studies show that the perioperative mortality rates range from 40% to 60%.

• #53 Aortic Aneurysm

  https://www.uabmedicine.org/specialties/aortic-aneurysm/

  Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel in the body, including arteries and veins. […] Because of a risk of rupture leading to internal bleeding and death, it is important to identify and treat aortic aneurysms at the appropriate time. With early detection and proper follow-up, most aneurysms can be repaired when the size of the aneurysm justifies the risk of repair. […] Depending on the location, the cause, and the patients overall health state, an aneurysm can be repaired with either traditional open surgery or with minimally invasive endovascular methods, using smaller incisions and working through the inside of the blood vessels. […] During an open aortic aneurysm repair, the weakened area of the aorta is replaced with an artificial tube made of a cloth-like material called Dacron, which is made of woven polyester.

• #54 Aortic aneurysm – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm

  Decisions about repairing an aortic aneurysm are based on the balance between the risk of aneurysm rupture without treatment versus the risks of the treatment itself. […] For abdominal aneurysms, the current treatment guidelines for abdominal aortic aneurysms suggest elective surgical repair when the diameter of the aneurysm is greater than 5 cm.

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