Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Swimmer’s itch – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swimmers-itch/symptoms-causes/syc-20355043

  Swimmer’s itch is an allergic reaction to tiny parasites that burrow into your skin while you’re swimming or wading outdoors. […] Talk to your health care provider if you have a rash after swimming that lasts more than a week. If you notice pus at the rash site, check with your health care provider. You might be referred to a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist). […] Swimmer’s itch usually isn’t serious, but your skin can become infected if you scratch the rash.

• #2 About Swimmer’s Itch | Swimmer’s Itch (Cercarial Dermatitis) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/swimmers-itch/about/index.html

  Swimmers itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. […] Because swimmers itch is caused by an allergic reaction to infection, the more often you swim or wade in contaminated water, the more likely you are to develop more serious symptoms. […] Most cases of swimmers itch do not require medical attention. If you have a rash, you may try the following for relief: Use corticosteroid cream. […] If itching is severe, your health care provider may suggest prescription-strength lotions or creams to lessen your symptoms.

• #3 Swimmer’s Itch – Isle Royale National Park (U.S. National Park Service)

  https://www.nps.gov/isro/planyourvisit/swimmers-itch.htm

  Swimmers itch (cercarial dermatitis) is a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. […] The parasite causing swimmers itch is present in Isle Royale waters, particularly in warm and/or shallow areas. […] Swimmers itch may cause discomfort, but it typically clears up on its own. […] Within minutes to days after swimming in infested water, swimmers may experience tingling, burning, or itching of the skin. […] Because swimmers itch is caused by an allergic reaction, the more you swim or wade in infested waters, the more likely it is symptoms will develop. […] Swimmer’s itch is not contagious human to human. […] Swimmer’s itch usually clears up on its own within a week.

• #4 Swimmer’s itch: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/swimmers-itch

  Swimmers itch is the name for a skin rash that appears due to an allergic reaction to certain parasites. Doctors refer to this condition as cercarial dermatitis. The parasites that cause swimmers itch are found in bodies of fresh and salt water, where they may come into contact with humans. […] If a person enters infected water, they may come into contact with the parasite. The parasite may mistakenly penetrate the skin of a person. This can cause the person to have an allergic reaction. The allergic reaction causes the person to develop a patchy, inflamed, pinpoint skin rash, known as swimmers itch. […] An allergic reaction causes swimmers itch. This means that the more often a person exposes themselves to contaminated water, the more likely it is they will develop more serious symptoms.

• #5 Swimmer’s itch | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/swimmers-itch

  Your health care provider will likely diagnose swimmer’s itch by looking at your skin and talking with you about your activities and symptoms. The condition can look like poison ivy rash and other skin conditions. There are no specific tests to diagnose swimmer’s itch.

• #6 Swimmer’s Itch (Cercarial Dermatitis): What Is It, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21783-swimmers-itch-cercarial-dermatitis

  There are currently no tests to diagnose swimmers itch. It can be difficult to diagnose swimmers itch since the rash looks like other skin conditions and rashes, such as poison ivy. It is important to remember that swimmers itch is not the only rash that can develop from swimming in fresh water or salt water. […] Swimmers itch usually goes away on its own within a week, but it could take longer, especially if you have swam in the infested water consecutive times or days. Contact your healthcare provider if your rash lasts longer than two weeks or if there is pus coming out of your blisters.

• #7 Cercarial Dermatitis: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cercarial-dermatitis

  Cercarial dermatitis may be hard to distinguish from other skin reactions, such as insect bites, poison ivy, jellyfish stings, or bacterial infections. There is no specific test for it. Your doctor may ask you questions to help make a diagnosis. Their questions may include: […] The doctor may also ask about your medical history, any allergies you may have, and medications and supplements you take. If your itching is severe, the doctor may prescribe something stronger than over-the-counter remedies.

• #8 Swimmer’s Itch Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/swimmer-s-itch/

  A doctor can diagnose swimmer’s itch by looking at your skin and asking if you’ve been swimming in ponds or lakes. […] In most cases, swimmer’s itch goes away on its own, so you don’t need to see a doctor.

• #9 Swimmer’s Itch or Cercarial Dermatitis

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-to-know-about-swimmers-itch

  How Is Swimmer’s Itch Diagnosed? […] To diagnose swimmer’s itch, the doctor may ask you specific diagnostic questions to identify the allergy. Your doctor will want to know: […] There are no specific tests for cercarial dermatitis.

• #10 What Is Swimmer’s Itch?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/swimmers-itch-7151852

  Swimmers itch is usually easy to identify from its symptoms and how it progresses (itching, pimples, and blisters). The rash only affects areas of skin that are directly in contact with the water and will not spread to other areas, even if you scratch it. Its most common in areas not covered by a swimsuit or wetsuit. […] Some cases of swimmers itch do need medical attention. Make an appointment with your healthcare provider if: The itching is severe and doesnt improve after 24 hours of using a corticosteroid cream. You have a scab that gets bigger or oozes pus. The rash lasts for more than two weeks. […] Your first case of swimmer’s itch may last up to two weeks. If you avoid infection, it should clear up without complications or lingering symptoms.

• #11 What is swimmer’s itch? Symptoms and how to treat it

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2024/07/18/what-is-swimmers-itch/74102665007/

  Swimmers itch is a rash caused by an allergic reaction to the larvae of microscopic parasites that are found in both fresh and saltwater. […] Swimming in contaminated water for even a short period of time can cause swimmers itch, and after you come in contact with the larvae, when the skin dries off, those parasites burrow under people’s skin and cause an itchy rash, says Dr. Christina Boull, MD, an associate professor of dermatology and pediatrics at M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Medical Center. […] You can identify swimmers itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis, from the little red dots that appear on your skin after you’ve been exposed to the parasites, Boull says. […] The rash will likely manifest on skin that was directly exposed to the water as opposed to skin protected by your bathing suit.

• #12 Swimmer’s itch

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/swimmers-itch

  Swimmers itch is suspected clinically based on the characteristics of the rash following bathing in infested waters. […] Skin biopsies are not diagnostic but may be performed to exclude other causes of an itchy, blistering, or urticarial rash. […] There is no widely available blood test to confirm an allergy to cercariae.

• #13 Swimmer’s itch (cercarial dermatitis) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/swimmers-itch-cercarial-dermatitis/

  Patients may present with tingling, burning, or itching of the skin occurring hours to days after water exposure; itching may be mild initially with progression of worsening intensity. […] Diagnosis of swimmers itch is based on clinical suspicion. Serologic tests are not commonly done, but the leukocyte differential may show peripheral eosinophilia. Histopathology may show spongiosis, dermal edema, and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Rarely, cercariae can be observed. […] Several conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of swimmers itch. Seabathers eruption usually occurs after saltwater exposure and tends to affect areas of skin covered by clothing or hair (opposite to swimmers itch). […] Diagnosis of systemic schistosomiasis is supported by the presence of eggs in urine or stool samples. Anti-schistosomal antibodies may also be evident on serological testing.

• #14

  https://dermeleve.com/blogs/news/treatment-for-swimmers-itch?srsltid=AfmBOop5f3yje8vfISl2VNVY2tldB7Y8zO30fCJOKK7L7kmiFhRNJJym

  Diagnostic tests to identify Cercarial Dermatitis are not available at the moment. Given that the itch is an allergic reaction that resembles that of other skin disorders like poison oak, this skin condition may be challenging to diagnose. Keep in mind that swimming in either fresh or sea water can also cause other rashes besides Swimmers Itch. […] Swimmers Itch typically doesn’t require medical care. Itching that is particularly severe may require you to use a more powerful anti-itch product prescribed by your doctor once they diagnose swimmer’s itch. […] If you have a rash lasting longer than fourteen days or blisters oozing pus, your rash may require treatment. Your health care provider may recommend prescription lotions or creams, or over the counter remedies such as anti-itch products like Dermeleve.

• #15 Cercarial Dermatitis (Swimmer’s itch) | First Derm

  https://www.firstderm.com/swimmers-itch/

  Proper diagnosis of cercarial dermatitis is challenging because the rash can resemble many other disease conditions including insect bites, contact dermatitis and bacterial dermatitis. A history of recent contact with fresh or marine water bodies can be an indicator, and direct proof can be obtained by skin biopsy of papules within 48 hours of onset of them. For this, the doctor will shave off individual papules under local anesthesia, and the tissue would be examined under a microscope. In addition, laboratory tests will show increased eosinophil counts and increased total immunoglobulin E levels. […] As the rash disappears on its own in a week, you do not need to panic about it. Several methods of treatment are available to help you manage the symptoms, and to prevent secondary complications.

• #16 Identifying, Treating and Preventing Swimmer’s Itch | Poison Control

  https://www.poison.org/articles/identifying-treating-and-preventing-swimmers-itch

  Swimmer’s itch occurs when your body has an allergic reaction to parasite larvae found in swimming water. […] Swimmers itch is a water-borne parasitic disease, and the normal life cycle of the disease-causing parasite involves different animals. […] Within a few minutes to a couple of days after swimming in contaminated water, a rash can develop. […] Most cases of swimmers itch can be easily treated at home. […] If you suspect swimmers itch, you should take a shower if you have not already done so after getting out of the water. […] If symptoms do not resolve or if the rash appears to be getting infected, seek medical attention. […] She also saw a dermatologist who performed a skin biopsy that revealed the presence of cercariae in her skin. This confirmed the diagnosis of swimmers itch.

• #17 New Methods for the Detection and Diagnosis of Swimmers’ Itch

  http://www.msb.unm.edu/divisions/parasites/research/recent-research/swimmers-itch.html

  Swimmers’ itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis, is a summer affliction that many of us have suffered following a swim in a freshwater pond or lake, or even occasionally after a dip at the seashore. […] By application of the techniques of molecular systematics to these specimens, it has been possible for the first time to develop a more coherent overview of the number of species potentially responsible for causing swimmers itch and to provide a growing database for where these species occur and what their normal snail and avian hosts are. […] The distinctive molecular signatures provided for each species can be used to devise new tests by which DNA from cercariae obtained from water samples from ponds or lakes suspected of having dermatitis outbreaks can be amplified and detected. […] The sensitivity and specificity of the assays can help determine what avian species are propagating infections in local snail populations in which the cercariae are then produced which are released into the water to cause itch.

• #18 CDC – DPDx – Cercarial Dermatitis

  https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/cercarialdermatitis/index.html

  Cercarial dermatitis is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and not laboratory analyses of clinical specimens. […] Investigation into the causal agent rarely occurs except during outbreaks. In these cases, specific snails that would be suitable hosts for these particular schistosomes need to be collected from the area where cases of cercarial dermatitis have been reported. […] The cercariae then must be identified by experts as being a type that can cause cercarial dermatitis by using appropriate reference material. PCR can also be used to identify species using cercariae or infected snail tissue.

• #19 What is swimmer’s itch? Symptoms and how to treat it

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2024/07/18/what-is-swimmers-itch/74102665007/

  These dots typically appear 12 hours after exposure, and over the next day or two, some people may experience a more severe reaction with welts and blisters. […] One of the main risk factors of complication from this rash would be a secondary bacterial infection. […] If you scratch the rash, there’s a possibility of staph bacteria getting under your skin, leaving your body vulnerable to developing staph infections such as impetigo or cellulitis, she says. […] The good news is that it spontaneously resolves, Boull says. […] Typically, the rash and itch significantly improves over the course of a week, although it’s possible for it to last as long as three weeks, she says. […] If your swimmers itch has developed into blistering, open sores, and you’re experiencing fever, it could be signs of the secondary bacterial infection. In this case, it’s essential you see a doctor who can prescribe you oral antibiotics, Boull says.

• #20 Swimmer’s Itch: What It Is, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://sesamecare.com/blog/swimmers-itch-symptoms-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOooUwTx4uvdVfQewMM7dYDJJxEmgSDQVs7ax7ZANe6NtIAi4lQmc

  Swimmers itch is most known for showing up as an itchy rash. […] You may have swimmers itch if you recently swam in an open body of freshwater or the ocean and are developing (or have developed) an itchy rash. Typically, a swimmers itch rash will start to appear within twelve hours of swimming in contaminated water. A healthcare provider can provide you with an accurate diagnosis and create a treatment plan to help ease your symptoms, when necessary. […] In some cases, swimmers itch rashes can become infected. Scratching or popping small blisters with your hands may increase your chances of developing a bacterial infection. If your symptoms worsen after five days or you think you may have a skin infection, it may be time to seek medical attention. If the skin develops honey-colored crusting, medical care is also recommended, as this could be impetigo. Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection.

• #21 Swimmer’s Itch – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/swimmers-itch-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Swimmers itch is characterized by rashes caused by certain parasites that live in waterfowl and some mammals. […] Diagnosing a swimmers itch is extremely hard as the symptoms resemble signs of several other conditions. Your dermatologist will most likely conclude by asking you about your recent activity in water and examining your rashes closely.

• #22 Swimmer’s itch: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/swimmers-itch

  Swimmers itch is not contagious. This means the condition cannot spread to another person. […] In most cases, a person with swimmers itch will not require treatment. […] Swimmers itch is generally not dangerous and symptoms should go away on their own without treatment. […] If a person swims in infected water and comes into contact with the parasite, it may mistakenly burrow into the persons skin. […] A person may then experience an allergic reaction to this parasite, which causes them to develop swimmers itch. Swimmers itch often appears as an inflamed, itchy rash that goes away over time without the need for treatment.

• #23 Avoid Swimmer’s Itch – District Health Department 10

  https://www.dhd10.org/avoid-swimmers-itch/

  Swimmer’s itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. […] Symptoms of swimmer’s itch may include: tingling, burning, or itching of the skin; small reddish pimples; small blisters. […] Most cases of swimmer’s itch do not require medical attention. […] If itching is severe, your health care provider may suggest prescription-strength lotions or creams to lessen your symptoms. […] Swimmer’s itch is not contagious and cannot be spread from one person to another. […] Anyone who swims or wades in infested water may be at risk. […] To reduce the likelihood of developing swimmer’s itch, do not swim in areas where swimmer’s itch is a known problem or where signs have been posted warning of unsafe water.

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