Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2040246/

  Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation that results in an inability to focus at near distances. It is the most common physiological change occurring in the adult eye and is thought to cause universal near vision impairment with advancing age. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries is not well known, as most studies of refractive error in these countries have been limited to distance vision. There are few presbyopia studies that have used a population-based approach, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the prevalence of presbyopia in the general population. […] Using this definition, the prevalence of presbyopia in this population was found to be 62 per cent, with prevalence increasing with age. Age-adjusted data showed higher prevalence among women than men. In multivariate analysis, women had 46 per cent higher odds (odds ratio of 1.46) of being presbyopic. Women also had more severe presbyopia than men across all age groups.

• #2 Community Eye Health Journal » Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://archive.cehjournal.org/article/presbyopia-prevalence-impact-and-interventions/

  Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation that results in an inability to focus at near distances. It is the most common physiological change occurring in the adult eye and is thought to cause universal near vision impairment with advancing age. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries is not well known, as most studies of refractive error in these countries have been limited to distance vision. […] Using this definition, the prevalence of presbyopia in this population was found to be 62 per cent, with prevalence increasing with age. […] In summary, the studies to date of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries suggest the following: more than half of adults over the age of 30 have presbyopia; women have both a higher prevalence of, and more severe, presbyopia; the majority of those with presbyopia do not have corrective spectacles.

• #3 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38594155/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional’ presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. […] Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health.

• #4 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact

  https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/hp-research/520/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured functional presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #5 Presbyopia – the 2024 Continued Learning Evidence-based Academic Reports (CLEAR™) | Contact Lens Update

  https://contactlensupdate.com/2024/10/03/presbyopia-the-2024-continued-learning-evidence-based-academic-reports-clear/

  Presbyopia is typically the first sign of ageing that an individual experiences, and as such, causes more than just an inconvenience, significantly impacting their quality of life. […] The prevalence of functional presbyopia has been estimated to be 24.9% across the global population in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] There is strong research evidence demonstrating that presbyopia has a significant impact on both economics and patient-reported quality of life.

• #6 Patient and Economic Burden of Presbyopia: A Systematic Literature Rev | OPTH

  https://www.dovepress.com/patient-and-economic-burden-of-presbyopia-a-systematic-literature-revi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

  The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to collate, report, and critique published evidence related to epidemiology and patient and economic burden of presbyopia. […] Initial systematic literature search yielded 2,228 citations, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria (epidemiology, 44; patient burden, 14; economic burden, 1) and were included in this review. Globally, 1.09 billion people are estimated to be affected by presbyopia. The reported presbyopia prevalence varied across regions and by age groups, with the highest prevalence of 90% reported in the Latin America region in adults 35 years. […] The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to collate and report evidence related to the epidemiology and patient and economic burden of presbyopia alone or when coexisting with other eye conditions.

• #7

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

  Globally, at least 2.2 billion people have a near or distance vision impairment. […] The main condition causing near vision impairment is presbyopia (826 million). […] With regards to near vision, rates of unaddressed near vision impairment are estimated to be greater than 80% in western, eastern and central sub-Saharan Africa, while comparative rates in high-income regions of North America, Australasia, western Europe, and of Asia-Pacific are reported to be lower than 10%. […] Population growth and ageing are expected to increase the risk that more people acquire vision impairment.

• #8 New insights in presbyopia: impact of correction strategies | BMJ Open Ophthalmology

  https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001122

  Presbyopia and its impact on visual impairment, particularly in countries such as China, is increasing due to population ageing. Presbyopia is associated with individual, societal and economic burdens. With between 1.09 billion and 1.80 billion individuals estimated to be affected by presbyopia globally, its impact is both far-reaching and variable. Estimates from a single modelling study indicated that global productivity losses of US$25 billion could be attributed to uncorrected presbyopia, equivalent to 0.037 % of the global gross domestic product (GDP) for presbyopic working-age adults aged 65 years and under. Donaldson highlighted the often inadequate correction of presbyopia in lower-income countries, which results in substantial societal impact. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated in 2020 that approximately 510 million people worldwide have visual impairment from uncorrected presbyopia. This represented a 6.3% increase over the past three decades and this is predicted to increase to 866 million in 2050 due to population ageing. Presbyopia is undercorrected in many low-income and middle-income countries, with reading correction available for only 6%-45% of those who require this due to a lack of adequate diagnosis and affordable treatment.

• #9 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Data released in April 2022 by the United Nations estimated that there are 7.9 billion people living in the world. In 2015, it was determined that approximately 1.8 billion people were presbyopic, and this was estimated to reach 2.1 billion by 2020. Accordingly, 26% of the worlds population is currently presbyopic. The prevalence of presbyopia in the United States ranges from 83.0% to 88.9% for adults aged 45 years old and older, and there was an estimated total of 123 million presbyopes in the country in 2020. […] Of these 1.8 billion presbyopes worldwide, an estimated 826 million have near visual impairment due to a lack of, or inadequate, near vision correction. People living in high-income countries are more likely to have access to near vision correction based on health expenditure and access, as opposed to those residing in lower-income countries. The greatest burden of vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia therefore occurs in developing, low-resource countries, where up to 94% of the population may be under- or uncorrected. The global unmet need for presbyopia correction was approximated to be 45% in 2015. For comparison, near vision correction rates ranged from 96% in Europe to only 6% in Africa.

• #10 Presbyopia Treatment Market Size is Projected to Grow at a CAGR of 4% during the Study Period [2018-2030], Anticipates DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/presbyopia-treatment-market-size-is-projected-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-4-during-the-study-period-20182030-anticipates-delveinsight-301258613.html

  Presbyopia market is expected to grow due to rising prevalence owing to an increase in the geriatric population, an upsurge in the product’s launch, increasing lifestyle changes, growing research in pharmaceutical treatment. […] The Presbyopia market report also proffers an analysis of the current Presbyopia treatment algorithm/practice, market drivers, market barriers, and unmet medical needs. […] According to the WHO, 1.8 billion people globally were diagnosed with presbyopia in 2015 and cases are expected to reach 2.1 billion by 2030. In the US alone, around 120 million people are currently living with presbyopia. And cases are expected to increase in the future, opening a new window of opportunities for emerging therapies. […] Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs, and there is a high unmet need for new therapies for Presbyopia treatment.

• #11 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  The „Presbyopia – Epidemiology Forecast to 2030” report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The Presbyopia epidemiology division provides insights about historical and current Presbyopia patient pool and forecasted trends for every seven major countries. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent case of Presbyopia was 286,994,105 cases in the 7MM which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030.

• #12 Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210406005526/en/Global-Presbyopia-Market-to-2030—Insight-Epidemiology-and-Market-Forecast—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com […] This report delivers an in-depth understanding of Presbyopia, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as Presbyopia market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology [segmented as Total Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Total Diagnosed Cases of Presbyopia, Total Age-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Gender-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Severity-specific Cases of Presbyopia, and Total Treated cases of Presbyopia] in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 286,994,105 cases in the 7MM which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the United States, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 117,369,699 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 134,726,460 cases in EU-5 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In Japan, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 34,897,947 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Presbyopia epidemiology and treatment in the 7MM.

• #13 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Data released in April 2022 by the United Nations estimated that there are 7.9 billion people living in the world. In 2015, it was determined that approximately 1.8 billion people were presbyopic, and this was estimated to reach 2.1 billion by 2020. Accordingly, 26% of the worlds population is currently presbyopic. The prevalence of presbyopia in the United States ranges from 83.0% to 88.9% for adults aged 45 years old and older, and there was an estimated total of 123 million presbyopes in the country in 2020. […] Of these 1.8 billion presbyopes worldwide, an estimated 826 million have near visual impairment due to a lack of, or inadequate, near vision correction. People living in high-income countries are more likely to have access to near vision correction based on health expenditure and access, as opposed to those residing in lower-income countries. The greatest burden of vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia therefore occurs in developing, low-resource countries, where up to 94% of the population may be under- or uncorrected. The global unmet need for presbyopia correction was approximated to be 45% in 2015. For comparison, near vision correction rates ranged from 96% in Europe to only 6% in Africa.

• #14 Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210406005526/en/Global-Presbyopia-Market-to-2030—Insight-Epidemiology-and-Market-Forecast—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com […] This report delivers an in-depth understanding of Presbyopia, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as Presbyopia market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology [segmented as Total Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Total Diagnosed Cases of Presbyopia, Total Age-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Gender-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Severity-specific Cases of Presbyopia, and Total Treated cases of Presbyopia] in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 286,994,105 cases in the 7MM which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the United States, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 117,369,699 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 134,726,460 cases in EU-5 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In Japan, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 34,897,947 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Presbyopia epidemiology and treatment in the 7MM.

• #15 Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210406005526/en/Global-Presbyopia-Market-to-2030—Insight-Epidemiology-and-Market-Forecast—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com […] This report delivers an in-depth understanding of Presbyopia, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as Presbyopia market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology [segmented as Total Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Total Diagnosed Cases of Presbyopia, Total Age-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Gender-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Severity-specific Cases of Presbyopia, and Total Treated cases of Presbyopia] in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 286,994,105 cases in the 7MM which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the United States, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 117,369,699 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 134,726,460 cases in EU-5 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In Japan, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 34,897,947 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Presbyopia epidemiology and treatment in the 7MM.

• #16 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5264925/presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOopWHUla-0VizhEEYrUn7aiOfpN1XY3pVyPUTFuudkwlC1UunhGQ

  According to the analyst’s estimates, the total diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia in the 7MM, were ~278 million; the number of these cases is expected to increase by 2034. […] In the assessment, the estimated total prevalent cases of presbyopia in the 7MM were ~325 million in 2023. […] The highest total diagnosed prevalent cases of Presbyopia were accounted by the US in 2023 (~109 million), which is expected to show a rise in the future. […] Among the European countries, Germany had the highest diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia with ~32 million cases, followed by Italy, which had diagnosed prevalent population of ~24 million in 2023. On the other hand, Spain had the lowest diagnosed prevalent population (~18 million cases). […] Japan had ~50 million total diagnosed prevalent cases of Presbyopia in 2023, accounting for approximately 18% in 7MM.

• #17 Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210406005526/en/Global-Presbyopia-Market-to-2030—Insight-Epidemiology-and-Market-Forecast—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Global Presbyopia Market to 2030 – Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – ResearchAndMarkets.com […] This report delivers an in-depth understanding of Presbyopia, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as Presbyopia market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Presbyopia epidemiology [segmented as Total Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Total Diagnosed Cases of Presbyopia, Total Age-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Gender-specific Cases of Presbyopia, Severity-specific Cases of Presbyopia, and Total Treated cases of Presbyopia] in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2018 to 2030. […] Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 286,994,105 cases in the 7MM which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the United States, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 117,369,699 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the year 2020, the total prevalent cases of Presbyopia were 134,726,460 cases in EU-5 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In Japan, the total number of prevalent cases of Presbyopia was 34,897,947 cases in the year 2020 which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Presbyopia epidemiology and treatment in the 7MM.

• #18 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5264925/presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOopWHUla-0VizhEEYrUn7aiOfpN1XY3pVyPUTFuudkwlC1UunhGQ

  According to the analyst’s estimates, the total diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia in the 7MM, were ~278 million; the number of these cases is expected to increase by 2034. […] In the assessment, the estimated total prevalent cases of presbyopia in the 7MM were ~325 million in 2023. […] The highest total diagnosed prevalent cases of Presbyopia were accounted by the US in 2023 (~109 million), which is expected to show a rise in the future. […] Among the European countries, Germany had the highest diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia with ~32 million cases, followed by Italy, which had diagnosed prevalent population of ~24 million in 2023. On the other hand, Spain had the lowest diagnosed prevalent population (~18 million cases). […] Japan had ~50 million total diagnosed prevalent cases of Presbyopia in 2023, accounting for approximately 18% in 7MM.

• #19 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 2731 – Prevalence of presbyopia in a rural African community

  https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/2731/

  The prevalence of presbyopia was 63.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62.6-64.2%). […] The met presbyopia need was 17.6%, unmet need was 45.8% and presbyopic correction coverage was 27.8%. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in this rural African community is high. Many who need presbyopic correction do not have corrective spectacles. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in this study was high. Many individuals with near vision impairment did not have any presbyopic correction. There is a need to address the problem of presbyopia in this rural community through health education, to make residents consider correction of presbyopia a priority.

• #20

  https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2022/01000/prevalence_of_presbyopia,_spectacles_coverage_and.47.aspx

  Presbyopia is a major cause for near visual impairment among adults. We aimed to study the prevalence of presbyopia among adults aged 35 years and spectacles coverage among them. Prevalence of presbyopia was found to be 42.9% (95% confidence interval 41.2-44.6). Spectacles coverage among presbyopes was found to be 25.8%. Lack of felt need and personal reasons were the most common barriers for unmet need due to presbyopia. There is high prevalence of presbyopia among adult population, with spectacles coverage being low. Universal eye care action plan advocates for conduct of epidemiological studies for generating sufficient evidence on burden related to visual impairment to guide planning for programmatic actions. The Government of India recently under its strategic planning cycles laid emphasis on screening of presbyopia at public health facilities. The prevalence of presbyopia in this study was found to be 42.9%. Overall, the spectacle coverage among presbyopes was found to be around 25.8%. In this study, we found that majority of the presbyopia participants remained presbyopic mainly due to lack of felt need. Awareness activities along with affordable, accessible and socially acceptable services for those affected with presbyopia would be one of the key components of management.

• #21 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38594155/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional’ presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. […] Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health.

• #22 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact

  https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/hp-research/520/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured functional presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #23 Presbyopia – the 2024 Continued Learning Evidence-based Academic Reports (CLEAR™) | Contact Lens Update

  https://contactlensupdate.com/2024/10/03/presbyopia-the-2024-continued-learning-evidence-based-academic-reports-clear/

  Presbyopia is typically the first sign of ageing that an individual experiences, and as such, causes more than just an inconvenience, significantly impacting their quality of life. […] The prevalence of functional presbyopia has been estimated to be 24.9% across the global population in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] There is strong research evidence demonstrating that presbyopia has a significant impact on both economics and patient-reported quality of life.

• #24 Presbyopia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Presbyopia

  Presbyopia is primarily an inevitable, age-related condition and accordingly its prevalence in a given population is related to the percentage of individuals surviving to old age. Worldwide in 2005 over 1.04 billion people were estimated to suffer from presbyopia with around 410 million of them suffering from near vision loss due to lack of vision correction. 94% of those lacking proper correction were in developing nations. By the year 2020 the worldwide prevalence is expected to rise to 1.37 billion. […] The average age of those first reporting symptoms of presbyopia is between 42 and 44 years of age with a complete loss of accommodation typically occurring between the ages of 50-55 years. […] Although age is the primary predictive factor in the development of presbyopia, early loss of accommodative ability can be induced by certain systemic disease, medications, and trauma. It is also important to note that individuals whose occupations require extensive use of near vision often notice symptoms earlier than other similarly aged individuals.

• #25 Patient and Economic Burden of Presbyopia: A Systematic Literature Rev | OPTH

  https://www.dovepress.com/patient-and-economic-burden-of-presbyopia-a-systematic-literature-revi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

  The literature search yielded 2,228 citations, of which 391 duplicates were removed. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the titles and abstracts of all the unique 1,837 citations obtained were screened. […] In the 43 included studies reporting on epidemiology, 34 studies used a broadly similar definition for the diagnosis of presbyopia. […] In 2015, the global prevalence of presbyopia was estimated to be 1.09 billion. Overall, presbyopia remains widespread across the geographical regions. The reported prevalence ranged from 43.8% in Japan (age 40 years) to 88.9% (age 45 years) in USA. […] The odds of developing presbyopia increases by 16% per year from age 40 to 50 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; 95% CI 1.12-1.20), and by just 1% per year after age 50 (OR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.03).

• #26 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total diagnosed cases of Presbyopia was 246,336,607 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the 7MM, the total gender-specific cases of Presbyopia were 98,534,643 for males and 147,801,964 for females in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total age-specific cases of Presbyopia were 70,036,878, 80,546,882, 58,274,618, and 37,478,227 cases for the age group less than 60 years, 60-69, 70-79, and ?80 years, respectively in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total severity-specific cases of Presbyopia were 49,267,321 and 197,069,285 for mild cases and moderate to severe cases, respectively in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total treated cases of Presbyopia was 197,069,285 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030.

• #27 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5264925/presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOopWHUla-0VizhEEYrUn7aiOfpN1XY3pVyPUTFuudkwlC1UunhGQ

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #28 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.giiresearch.com/report/del1553400-presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-market.html

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #29 Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2040246/

  Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation that results in an inability to focus at near distances. It is the most common physiological change occurring in the adult eye and is thought to cause universal near vision impairment with advancing age. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries is not well known, as most studies of refractive error in these countries have been limited to distance vision. There are few presbyopia studies that have used a population-based approach, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the prevalence of presbyopia in the general population. […] Using this definition, the prevalence of presbyopia in this population was found to be 62 per cent, with prevalence increasing with age. Age-adjusted data showed higher prevalence among women than men. In multivariate analysis, women had 46 per cent higher odds (odds ratio of 1.46) of being presbyopic. Women also had more severe presbyopia than men across all age groups.

• #30 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total diagnosed cases of Presbyopia was 246,336,607 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the 7MM, the total gender-specific cases of Presbyopia were 98,534,643 for males and 147,801,964 for females in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total age-specific cases of Presbyopia were 70,036,878, 80,546,882, 58,274,618, and 37,478,227 cases for the age group less than 60 years, 60-69, 70-79, and ?80 years, respectively in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total severity-specific cases of Presbyopia were 49,267,321 and 197,069,285 for mild cases and moderate to severe cases, respectively in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total treated cases of Presbyopia was 197,069,285 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030.

• #31 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5264925/presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOopWHUla-0VizhEEYrUn7aiOfpN1XY3pVyPUTFuudkwlC1UunhGQ

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #32 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.giiresearch.com/report/del1553400-presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-market.html

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #33 Optician Online – CPD Archive

  https://www.opticianonline.net/cpd-archive/6910/

  There are also regional differences with the lowest prevalence levels reported in Central Africa (under 15%) and the highest in Western Europe (which could be nearly 50% depending on the study methodology). […] South Asia has the largest number of uncorrected presbyopes (275 million). […] The best location, in terms of near eREC is Los Angeles (87%) and the worse is Tripura in India (0.3%), showcasing the huge differences across the globe, favouring those in high income countries. […] Urban locations tend to have higher prevalence rates (25-80%), when compared to rural populations (36-67%), although there is a large variation (figure 4). […] Some studies have suggested these differences may only be significant in countries with a low/medium development index and therefore be more related to differing economic conditions.

• #34 Optician Online – CPD Archive

  https://www.opticianonline.net/cpd-archive/6910/

  There are also regional differences with the lowest prevalence levels reported in Central Africa (under 15%) and the highest in Western Europe (which could be nearly 50% depending on the study methodology). […] South Asia has the largest number of uncorrected presbyopes (275 million). […] The best location, in terms of near eREC is Los Angeles (87%) and the worse is Tripura in India (0.3%), showcasing the huge differences across the globe, favouring those in high income countries. […] Urban locations tend to have higher prevalence rates (25-80%), when compared to rural populations (36-67%), although there is a large variation (figure 4). […] Some studies have suggested these differences may only be significant in countries with a low/medium development index and therefore be more related to differing economic conditions.

• #35 Optician Online – CPD Archive

  https://www.opticianonline.net/cpd-archive/6910/

  There are also regional differences with the lowest prevalence levels reported in Central Africa (under 15%) and the highest in Western Europe (which could be nearly 50% depending on the study methodology). […] South Asia has the largest number of uncorrected presbyopes (275 million). […] The best location, in terms of near eREC is Los Angeles (87%) and the worse is Tripura in India (0.3%), showcasing the huge differences across the globe, favouring those in high income countries. […] Urban locations tend to have higher prevalence rates (25-80%), when compared to rural populations (36-67%), although there is a large variation (figure 4). […] Some studies have suggested these differences may only be significant in countries with a low/medium development index and therefore be more related to differing economic conditions.

• #36 Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact of Uncorrected Presbyopia in a Multiethnic Asian Population | Ento Key

  https://entokey.com/prevalence-correlates-and-impact-of-uncorrected-presbyopia-in-a-multiethnic-asian-population/

  In age- and sex-adjusted models, older age both continuously and categorically was associated with lower odds of having uncorrected presbyopia, while Malay and Indian ethnicities, having primary school education and below, and income levels SG$1000 were all associated with higher likelihood of uncorrected presbyopia.

• #37 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Data released in April 2022 by the United Nations estimated that there are 7.9 billion people living in the world. In 2015, it was determined that approximately 1.8 billion people were presbyopic, and this was estimated to reach 2.1 billion by 2020. Accordingly, 26% of the worlds population is currently presbyopic. The prevalence of presbyopia in the United States ranges from 83.0% to 88.9% for adults aged 45 years old and older, and there was an estimated total of 123 million presbyopes in the country in 2020. […] Of these 1.8 billion presbyopes worldwide, an estimated 826 million have near visual impairment due to a lack of, or inadequate, near vision correction. People living in high-income countries are more likely to have access to near vision correction based on health expenditure and access, as opposed to those residing in lower-income countries. The greatest burden of vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia therefore occurs in developing, low-resource countries, where up to 94% of the population may be under- or uncorrected. The global unmet need for presbyopia correction was approximated to be 45% in 2015. For comparison, near vision correction rates ranged from 96% in Europe to only 6% in Africa.

• #38 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38594155/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional’ presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. […] Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health.

• #39 Optician Online – CPD Archive

  https://www.opticianonline.net/cpd-archive/6910/

  Areas with high air pollutant concentrations have also been linked and may double the prevalence of presbyopia. […] The risk of work-related injuries have also been reported to be higher in those with presbyopia, one study found older welders were 4.2 times more likely to have an ocular injury than those younger free of presbyopia welders.

• #40 Presbyopia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Presbyopia

  Presbyopia is primarily an inevitable, age-related condition and accordingly its prevalence in a given population is related to the percentage of individuals surviving to old age. Worldwide in 2005 over 1.04 billion people were estimated to suffer from presbyopia with around 410 million of them suffering from near vision loss due to lack of vision correction. 94% of those lacking proper correction were in developing nations. By the year 2020 the worldwide prevalence is expected to rise to 1.37 billion. […] The average age of those first reporting symptoms of presbyopia is between 42 and 44 years of age with a complete loss of accommodation typically occurring between the ages of 50-55 years. […] Although age is the primary predictive factor in the development of presbyopia, early loss of accommodative ability can be induced by certain systemic disease, medications, and trauma. It is also important to note that individuals whose occupations require extensive use of near vision often notice symptoms earlier than other similarly aged individuals.

• #41 Optician Online – CPD Archive

  https://www.opticianonline.net/cpd-archive/6910/

  Areas with high air pollutant concentrations have also been linked and may double the prevalence of presbyopia. […] The risk of work-related injuries have also been reported to be higher in those with presbyopia, one study found older welders were 4.2 times more likely to have an ocular injury than those younger free of presbyopia welders.

• #42

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/presbyopia

  Presbyopia affects individuals typically around the age of 40 and older. […] Age and genetics are the determining factors responsible for the condition. […] Older individuals with diabetes may experience eye lens changes due to variations in blood sugar levels. That’s potentially contributing to the early onset or the severity of presbyopia. […] Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and atherosclerosis, may impact the blood vessels that nourish the eyes. Poor blood circulation may affect the eye’s lens health. […] Neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and myotonic dystrophy may influence the coordination between the brain and eye muscles. Potentially affecting the ability of the eyes to focus on close-up objects. […] Hormonal swings, especially in women during menopause, influence eye lens flexibility. Thus contributing to earlier presbyopia onset.

• #43

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/presbyopia

  Presbyopia affects individuals typically around the age of 40 and older. […] Age and genetics are the determining factors responsible for the condition. […] Older individuals with diabetes may experience eye lens changes due to variations in blood sugar levels. That’s potentially contributing to the early onset or the severity of presbyopia. […] Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and atherosclerosis, may impact the blood vessels that nourish the eyes. Poor blood circulation may affect the eye’s lens health. […] Neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and myotonic dystrophy may influence the coordination between the brain and eye muscles. Potentially affecting the ability of the eyes to focus on close-up objects. […] Hormonal swings, especially in women during menopause, influence eye lens flexibility. Thus contributing to earlier presbyopia onset.

• #44

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/presbyopia

  Presbyopia affects individuals typically around the age of 40 and older. […] Age and genetics are the determining factors responsible for the condition. […] Older individuals with diabetes may experience eye lens changes due to variations in blood sugar levels. That’s potentially contributing to the early onset or the severity of presbyopia. […] Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and atherosclerosis, may impact the blood vessels that nourish the eyes. Poor blood circulation may affect the eye’s lens health. […] Neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and myotonic dystrophy may influence the coordination between the brain and eye muscles. Potentially affecting the ability of the eyes to focus on close-up objects. […] Hormonal swings, especially in women during menopause, influence eye lens flexibility. Thus contributing to earlier presbyopia onset.

• #45

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/presbyopia

  Presbyopia affects individuals typically around the age of 40 and older. […] Age and genetics are the determining factors responsible for the condition. […] Older individuals with diabetes may experience eye lens changes due to variations in blood sugar levels. That’s potentially contributing to the early onset or the severity of presbyopia. […] Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and atherosclerosis, may impact the blood vessels that nourish the eyes. Poor blood circulation may affect the eye’s lens health. […] Neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and myotonic dystrophy may influence the coordination between the brain and eye muscles. Potentially affecting the ability of the eyes to focus on close-up objects. […] Hormonal swings, especially in women during menopause, influence eye lens flexibility. Thus contributing to earlier presbyopia onset.

• #46

  https://www.ophthalmology24.com/presbyopia

  Some medications have side effects that could affect vision, cause dry eyes, or even trigger presbyopia in older individuals. […] If you are over 40 and suspect you have presbyopia, go for an eye checkup. Your eye doctor will do a few tests to figure out what’s going on. For a conclusive diagnosis, the eye specialist should perform visual acuity and refraction tests. […] You can’t escape presbyopia forever, it’s a natural part of aging we are all facing sooner or later. […] Presbyopia treatments range from noninvasive (corrective lenses) to surgical options. […] Glasses are the best solution for older folks. […] In case glasses aren’t your thing, contact lenses are a nice alternative. […] For those looking for a permanent fix, there are refractive surgeries like PresbyLASIK. […] There is another option for treating presbyopia which involves eye surgery (refractive lens exchange).

• #47 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38594155/

  Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. […] However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #48 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact

  https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/hp-research/520/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured functional presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #49 Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2040246/

  Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation that results in an inability to focus at near distances. It is the most common physiological change occurring in the adult eye and is thought to cause universal near vision impairment with advancing age. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries is not well known, as most studies of refractive error in these countries have been limited to distance vision. There are few presbyopia studies that have used a population-based approach, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the prevalence of presbyopia in the general population. […] Using this definition, the prevalence of presbyopia in this population was found to be 62 per cent, with prevalence increasing with age. Age-adjusted data showed higher prevalence among women than men. In multivariate analysis, women had 46 per cent higher odds (odds ratio of 1.46) of being presbyopic. Women also had more severe presbyopia than men across all age groups.

• #50 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total diagnosed cases of Presbyopia was 246,336,607 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the 7MM, the total gender-specific cases of Presbyopia were 98,534,643 for males and 147,801,964 for females in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total age-specific cases of Presbyopia were 70,036,878, 80,546,882, 58,274,618, and 37,478,227 cases for the age group less than 60 years, 60-69, 70-79, and ?80 years, respectively in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total severity-specific cases of Presbyopia were 49,267,321 and 197,069,285 for mild cases and moderate to severe cases, respectively in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total treated cases of Presbyopia was 197,069,285 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030.

• #51 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total diagnosed cases of Presbyopia was 246,336,607 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the 7MM, the total gender-specific cases of Presbyopia were 98,534,643 for males and 147,801,964 for females in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total age-specific cases of Presbyopia were 70,036,878, 80,546,882, 58,274,618, and 37,478,227 cases for the age group less than 60 years, 60-69, 70-79, and ?80 years, respectively in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total severity-specific cases of Presbyopia were 49,267,321 and 197,069,285 for mild cases and moderate to severe cases, respectively in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total treated cases of Presbyopia was 197,069,285 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030.

• #52 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5264925/presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOopWHUla-0VizhEEYrUn7aiOfpN1XY3pVyPUTFuudkwlC1UunhGQ

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #53 Presbyopia – Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.giiresearch.com/report/del1553400-presbyopia-market-insight-epidemiology-market.html

  In 2023, in the US, the gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of presbyopia were highest for females (~60%), as compared to males (~40%), which is attributed to factors such as hormonal differences, ocular anatomy and physiology, lifestyle and occupational factors and others. […] The age-specific instances of presbyopia in the 7MM were highest for the age group 60-69 (~78 million cases), followed by the age group of less than 60 years (~77 million cases), 70-79 years (~69 million cases), and the age group =80 years (~53 million) in 2023. […] In 2023, presbyopia cases were further sub-segmented based on severity into mild and moderate to severe. Among the 7MM, the highest diagnosed prevalence was observed in moderate to severe, with ~212 million cases, compared to ~56 million mild cases.

• #54 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 2731 – Prevalence of presbyopia in a rural African community

  https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/2731/

  The prevalence of presbyopia was 63.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62.6-64.2%). […] The met presbyopia need was 17.6%, unmet need was 45.8% and presbyopic correction coverage was 27.8%. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in this rural African community is high. Many who need presbyopic correction do not have corrective spectacles. […] The prevalence of presbyopia in this study was high. Many individuals with near vision impairment did not have any presbyopic correction. There is a need to address the problem of presbyopia in this rural community through health education, to make residents consider correction of presbyopia a priority.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2022/01000/prevalence_of_presbyopia,_spectacles_coverage_and.47.aspx

  Presbyopia is a major cause for near visual impairment among adults. We aimed to study the prevalence of presbyopia among adults aged 35 years and spectacles coverage among them. Prevalence of presbyopia was found to be 42.9% (95% confidence interval 41.2-44.6). Spectacles coverage among presbyopes was found to be 25.8%. Lack of felt need and personal reasons were the most common barriers for unmet need due to presbyopia. There is high prevalence of presbyopia among adult population, with spectacles coverage being low. Universal eye care action plan advocates for conduct of epidemiological studies for generating sufficient evidence on burden related to visual impairment to guide planning for programmatic actions. The Government of India recently under its strategic planning cycles laid emphasis on screening of presbyopia at public health facilities. The prevalence of presbyopia in this study was found to be 42.9%. Overall, the spectacle coverage among presbyopes was found to be around 25.8%. In this study, we found that majority of the presbyopia participants remained presbyopic mainly due to lack of felt need. Awareness activities along with affordable, accessible and socially acceptable services for those affected with presbyopia would be one of the key components of management.

• #56 Presbyopia Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Focus on United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210407005576/en/Presbyopia-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—Focus-on-United-States-Japan-Germany-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Spain—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Estimates show that the highest cases of Presbyopia in the 7MM were in the United States, followed by Germany, Japan, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total diagnosed cases of Presbyopia was 246,336,607 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] In the 7MM, the total gender-specific cases of Presbyopia were 98,534,643 for males and 147,801,964 for females in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total age-specific cases of Presbyopia were 70,036,878, 80,546,882, 58,274,618, and 37,478,227 cases for the age group less than 60 years, 60-69, 70-79, and ?80 years, respectively in 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total severity-specific cases of Presbyopia were 49,267,321 and 197,069,285 for mild cases and moderate to severe cases, respectively in the year 2020. […] In the 7MM, the total treated cases of Presbyopia was 197,069,285 cases in the year 2020, which will probably rise during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030.

• #57 Patient and Economic Burden of Presbyopia: A Systematic Literature Rev | OPTH

  https://www.dovepress.com/patient-and-economic-burden-of-presbyopia-a-systematic-literature-revi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

  Uncorrected presbyopia affects patients vision-related quality of life due to difficulty in performing near-vision-related tasks. In addition, un-/under-corrected presbyopia could lead to productivity losses in working-age adults. […] The global annual productivity losses were estimated to be US$ 25 billion or 0.037% of the global GDP in the working-age presbyopic adults (65 years).

• #58 Patient and Economic Burden of Presbyopia: A Systematic Literature Rev | OPTH

  https://www.dovepress.com/patient-and-economic-burden-of-presbyopia-a-systematic-literature-revi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

  Uncorrected presbyopia affects patients vision-related quality of life due to difficulty in performing near-vision-related tasks. In addition, un-/under-corrected presbyopia could lead to productivity losses in working-age adults. […] The global annual productivity losses were estimated to be US$ 25 billion or 0.037% of the global GDP in the working-age presbyopic adults (65 years).

• #59 New insights in presbyopia: impact of correction strategies | BMJ Open Ophthalmology

  https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001122

  Presbyopia and its impact on visual impairment, particularly in countries such as China, is increasing due to population ageing. Presbyopia is associated with individual, societal and economic burdens. With between 1.09 billion and 1.80 billion individuals estimated to be affected by presbyopia globally, its impact is both far-reaching and variable. Estimates from a single modelling study indicated that global productivity losses of US$25 billion could be attributed to uncorrected presbyopia, equivalent to 0.037 % of the global gross domestic product (GDP) for presbyopic working-age adults aged 65 years and under. Donaldson highlighted the often inadequate correction of presbyopia in lower-income countries, which results in substantial societal impact. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated in 2020 that approximately 510 million people worldwide have visual impairment from uncorrected presbyopia. This represented a 6.3% increase over the past three decades and this is predicted to increase to 866 million in 2050 due to population ageing. Presbyopia is undercorrected in many low-income and middle-income countries, with reading correction available for only 6%-45% of those who require this due to a lack of adequate diagnosis and affordable treatment.

• #60 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Multiple studies have shown that patients in both high-income and low-income countries suffer decreased quality-of-life scores due to presbyopia. One study showed that 22% of presbyopic patients reported a decrease in quality-of-life score. Uncorrected presbyopia caused two-fold increased difficulty in performance of near-vision-related tasks and eight-fold greater difficulty in very demanding near-vision-related tasks, with 80% of these patients reporting troubles with performing near-vision activities. Further, 12% of presbyopic patients needed help in performing routine tasks, which in turn led to distress and decreased self-esteem. […] Presbyopia is a highly prevalent ocular condition that has worldwide impacts involving healthcare costs, quality of life, and economic impacts. It is something that we, especially as optometrists, see everyday in clinical practice. The significant impact it can have on the livelihood of patients is, however, sometimes overlooked. Presbyopia will continue to affect our aging population for years to come, and these numbers highlight how important it is for us to effectively manage this patient population.

• #61 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Multiple studies have shown that patients in both high-income and low-income countries suffer decreased quality-of-life scores due to presbyopia. One study showed that 22% of presbyopic patients reported a decrease in quality-of-life score. Uncorrected presbyopia caused two-fold increased difficulty in performance of near-vision-related tasks and eight-fold greater difficulty in very demanding near-vision-related tasks, with 80% of these patients reporting troubles with performing near-vision activities. Further, 12% of presbyopic patients needed help in performing routine tasks, which in turn led to distress and decreased self-esteem. […] Presbyopia is a highly prevalent ocular condition that has worldwide impacts involving healthcare costs, quality of life, and economic impacts. It is something that we, especially as optometrists, see everyday in clinical practice. The significant impact it can have on the livelihood of patients is, however, sometimes overlooked. Presbyopia will continue to affect our aging population for years to come, and these numbers highlight how important it is for us to effectively manage this patient population.

• #62 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Multiple studies have shown that patients in both high-income and low-income countries suffer decreased quality-of-life scores due to presbyopia. One study showed that 22% of presbyopic patients reported a decrease in quality-of-life score. Uncorrected presbyopia caused two-fold increased difficulty in performance of near-vision-related tasks and eight-fold greater difficulty in very demanding near-vision-related tasks, with 80% of these patients reporting troubles with performing near-vision activities. Further, 12% of presbyopic patients needed help in performing routine tasks, which in turn led to distress and decreased self-esteem. […] Presbyopia is a highly prevalent ocular condition that has worldwide impacts involving healthcare costs, quality of life, and economic impacts. It is something that we, especially as optometrists, see everyday in clinical practice. The significant impact it can have on the livelihood of patients is, however, sometimes overlooked. Presbyopia will continue to affect our aging population for years to come, and these numbers highlight how important it is for us to effectively manage this patient population.

• #63 Community Eye Health Journal » Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://archive.cehjournal.org/article/presbyopia-prevalence-impact-and-interventions/

  Presbyopia affects quality of life. […] Our study in Tanzania showed that in rural communities, where near vision tasks other than reading and writing are predominant, uncorrected presbyopia had a substantial impact on quality of life. […] While new treatments are being developed for presbyopia, spectacles represent an effective, economic option for low- and middle-income countries. […] Further research should be conducted to determine why women and persons who live in urban environments have more presbyopia.

• #64 Presbyopia – the 2024 Continued Learning Evidence-based Academic Reports (CLEAR™) | Contact Lens Update

  https://contactlensupdate.com/2024/10/03/presbyopia-the-2024-continued-learning-evidence-based-academic-reports-clear/

  Presbyopia is typically the first sign of ageing that an individual experiences, and as such, causes more than just an inconvenience, significantly impacting their quality of life. […] The prevalence of functional presbyopia has been estimated to be 24.9% across the global population in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] There is strong research evidence demonstrating that presbyopia has a significant impact on both economics and patient-reported quality of life.

• #65 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e18306/

  Presbyopia is defined as the age-related deterioration of near vision over time which is experienced in over 80% of people aged 40 years or older. […] It is estimated that presbyopia is experienced in over 80% of people aged 40 years or above in western countries. […] In 2015, it was estimated that presbyopia affected approximately 1.8 billion people (25% of the world population), with 826 million experiencing near vision impairments because they had no (or inadequate) vision correction. […] As a result, the global unmet need for presbyopia correction methods in 2015 was estimated to be 45%. […] Presbyopia impacts many domains of quality of life including difficulty with near vision tasks, such as reading printed text, using a smartphone, or threading a needle. […] Emotional impacts associated with presbyopia include having to rely more on others, feeling ashamed, and feeling embarrassed due to poor vision.

• #66 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e18306/

  On social media, individuals with presbyopia most frequently reported experiencing difficulty reading small print (24/37, 64.9%), difficulty focusing on near objects (15/37, 40.5%), eye strain (12/37, 32.4%), headaches (9/37, 24.3%), and blurred vision (8/37, 21.6%). […] 81 of the 270 posts (30.0%) discussed impacts of presbyopiaemotional burden (57/81, 70.4%), functional or daily living impacts (46/81, 56.8%), such as difficulty reading (46/81, 56.8%) and using electronic devices (21/81, 25.9%). […] Findings from this social media listening study provided insight into how people with presbyopia discuss their condition online and highlight the impact of presbyopia on individuals quality of life.

• #67 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Data released in April 2022 by the United Nations estimated that there are 7.9 billion people living in the world. In 2015, it was determined that approximately 1.8 billion people were presbyopic, and this was estimated to reach 2.1 billion by 2020. Accordingly, 26% of the worlds population is currently presbyopic. The prevalence of presbyopia in the United States ranges from 83.0% to 88.9% for adults aged 45 years old and older, and there was an estimated total of 123 million presbyopes in the country in 2020. […] Of these 1.8 billion presbyopes worldwide, an estimated 826 million have near visual impairment due to a lack of, or inadequate, near vision correction. People living in high-income countries are more likely to have access to near vision correction based on health expenditure and access, as opposed to those residing in lower-income countries. The greatest burden of vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia therefore occurs in developing, low-resource countries, where up to 94% of the population may be under- or uncorrected. The global unmet need for presbyopia correction was approximated to be 45% in 2015. For comparison, near vision correction rates ranged from 96% in Europe to only 6% in Africa.

• #68

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-022-00562-3

  The aim of this study was to explore a method to rank the cost-effectiveness of presbyopia correction in diverse strategies of bilateral cataract surgery to provide references for healthcare policymakers in rationalizing resource utilization and surgeons in customizing patient management. […] Cataract and presbyopia are the major cause of blindness and vision impairment in the world as well as China as a result of the aging population. […] The prevalence of presbyopia was 25% in the world and in China. […] About 90% of the global burden of presbyopia occurs in low- and middle-income settings including China, where presbyopia correction coverage rates are only 10% because of a lack of awareness and access to affordable interventions, and the costs due to uncorrected presbyopia both to the patient and to society are higher than those in high-income settings.

• #69 Presbyopia by the Numbers: Who Is Affected by It? | Presbyopia Physician

  https://www.presbyopiaphysician.com/issues/2022/june/presbyopia-by-the-numbers-who-is-affected-by-it/

  Data released in April 2022 by the United Nations estimated that there are 7.9 billion people living in the world. In 2015, it was determined that approximately 1.8 billion people were presbyopic, and this was estimated to reach 2.1 billion by 2020. Accordingly, 26% of the worlds population is currently presbyopic. The prevalence of presbyopia in the United States ranges from 83.0% to 88.9% for adults aged 45 years old and older, and there was an estimated total of 123 million presbyopes in the country in 2020. […] Of these 1.8 billion presbyopes worldwide, an estimated 826 million have near visual impairment due to a lack of, or inadequate, near vision correction. People living in high-income countries are more likely to have access to near vision correction based on health expenditure and access, as opposed to those residing in lower-income countries. The greatest burden of vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia therefore occurs in developing, low-resource countries, where up to 94% of the population may be under- or uncorrected. The global unmet need for presbyopia correction was approximated to be 45% in 2015. For comparison, near vision correction rates ranged from 96% in Europe to only 6% in Africa.

• #70 Presbyopia Market – Global Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029 | Data Bridge Market Research

  https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-presbyopia-market?srsltid=AfmBOopt3ayUfEp-M2pzPBU61bZmy6Lg8iGq2NmDI56oDF6xRim7n5Cf

  Presbyopia appears typically at the age of 40 and gets progressively worse until the late 60s, when it usually levels off. Both men and women are affected equally by presbyopia. […] Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the presbyopia market was valued at USD 9.441 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 13.84 billion by 2029, registering a CAGR of 4.90% during the forecast period of 2022 to 2029. […] The rising prevalence of chronic diseases across the globe is estimated to enhance the market’s growth. Chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases will increase the risk of premature presbyopia, propelling the growth rate of the presbyopia market. […] The surging geriatric population is estimated to enhance the market’s expansion during the forecast period of 2022-2029. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the worldwide geriatric population, estimated to be over 524 million in 2010, is expected to increase to nearly 2 billion by 2050.

• #71 Presbyopia Treatment Market Set to Reach New Heights with New Therapies and Advancements by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/presbyopia-treatment-market-set-to-reach-new-heights-with-new-therapies-and-advancements-by-2034–delveinsight-302305165.html

  Presbyopia is an age-related refractive condition marked by a gradual decline in near vision, typically emerging between ages 40 and 60. […] As per DelveInsight’s assessment, the total prevalent cases of presbyopia in the 7MM were ~325 million in 2023. These cases are expected to increase at a significant CAGR of 1.1% during the forecast period i.e., 20242034. […] The presbyopia market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 20202034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia, Severity-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Presbyopia. […] DelveInsight estimates that the market size for presbyopia is expected to grow from USD ~17 billion in 2023 with a CAGR of 3.2% by 2034. The anticipated increase in market size is driven by advancements in treatment options, greater healthcare access, and a rising incidence of the condition, which together foster a higher demand for innovative and effective therapies.

• #72 New insights in presbyopia: impact of correction strategies | BMJ Open Ophthalmology

  https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001122

  The reported prevalence of presbyopia is variable, in part due to the lack of alignment with a single definition. In terms of correctable near visual impairment, it increases steadily from 40 years, reaching a maximum of about 80% by 55 years of age. There is a decline in correctable near vision after this point in many low-income and middle-income countries due to untreated ocular pathology. The onset is earlier in some regions, such as in subcontinental and African populations, but this has been attributed to ethnic variations rather than environmental differences. […] The negative patient impact of presbyopia on visual function and quality of life is of global significance. A range of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been applied in presbyopia to evaluate the impact of the condition and the efficacy of treatment modalities from a patient perspective. In a recent review of PROMs in presbyopia research, the shortage of presbyopia-specific instruments was acknowledged, with many studies having applied generic eye disease measures.

• #73 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e18306/

  Minimal qualitative research into the lived experience of presbyopia has been published, and what has been published focuses generally on refractive errors rather than being specific to presbyopia. […] This study aimed to explore how individuals with presbyopia use social media to describe their experiences. […] A total of 4456 social media posts related to presbyopia were identified between May 2017 and August 2017. […] Twitter was the most commonly used channel for discussions on presbyopia compared to forums and blogs. […] The majority of relevant posts originated in Spain (559/1470, 38.0%) and the United States (426/1470, 29.0%). […] Of the relevant posts, 270/1470 (18.4%) were categorized as posts written by individuals who have presbyopia, of which 37 of the 270 posts (13.7%) discussed symptoms.

• #74 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e18306/

  Minimal qualitative research into the lived experience of presbyopia has been published, and what has been published focuses generally on refractive errors rather than being specific to presbyopia. […] This study aimed to explore how individuals with presbyopia use social media to describe their experiences. […] A total of 4456 social media posts related to presbyopia were identified between May 2017 and August 2017. […] Twitter was the most commonly used channel for discussions on presbyopia compared to forums and blogs. […] The majority of relevant posts originated in Spain (559/1470, 38.0%) and the United States (426/1470, 29.0%). […] Of the relevant posts, 270/1470 (18.4%) were categorized as posts written by individuals who have presbyopia, of which 37 of the 270 posts (13.7%) discussed symptoms.

• #75 Perception and awareness of the public about presbyopia and its corrective approaches in Saudi Arabia: a population-based survey | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-19508-4

  Approximately half of the participants had difficulty with near vision activities, such as reading newspapers or using mobile phones. […] Among all the participants, 76% were not aware of presbyopia. The prevalence of uncorrected presbyopia was 48% of the 785. […] The majority (82%) felt that spectacles were acceptable for correction of presbyopia. […] Most reported that they did not experience social stigma when using reading spectacles (87% of participants). […] When asked if they were aware of management approaches other than spectacles, 72% responded with not at all. […] Most participants had no earlier knowledge of the use of multifocal contact lenses or eye drops for presbyopia correction (67% and 82%, respectively). […] Presbyopia is a highly prevalent age-related ocular disorder, and a significant percentage of cases are uncorrected due to a lack of awareness or reluctance to wear spectacles. More efficient health education about presbyopia and its corrective alternatives is urgently needed.

• #76 Perception and awareness of the public about presbyopia and its corrective approaches in Saudi Arabia: a population-based survey | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-19508-4

  Approximately half of the participants had difficulty with near vision activities, such as reading newspapers or using mobile phones. […] Among all the participants, 76% were not aware of presbyopia. The prevalence of uncorrected presbyopia was 48% of the 785. […] The majority (82%) felt that spectacles were acceptable for correction of presbyopia. […] Most reported that they did not experience social stigma when using reading spectacles (87% of participants). […] When asked if they were aware of management approaches other than spectacles, 72% responded with not at all. […] Most participants had no earlier knowledge of the use of multifocal contact lenses or eye drops for presbyopia correction (67% and 82%, respectively). […] Presbyopia is a highly prevalent age-related ocular disorder, and a significant percentage of cases are uncorrected due to a lack of awareness or reluctance to wear spectacles. More efficient health education about presbyopia and its corrective alternatives is urgently needed.

• #77 Patients’ attitudes and beliefs to presbyopia and its correction | Journal of Optometry

  https://www.journalofoptometry.org/en-patients-attitudes-beliefs-presbyopia-its-articulo-S1888429620300078

  The need for a reading correction was perceived as a sign of age. Spectacles were the most preferred mode of near vision correction, while comfort and convenience were seen as more important than cost. Patient education about presbyopia is lacking. […] Presbyopia was not a well-known condition overall, and the majority of participants were unaware of exactly what it meant. Most participants indicated that information about presbyopia should be provided by an optometrist in comparison to other health care professionals (e.g. General Practitioner). […] Comfort and convenience were much more important than cost, as long as visually they were comfortable and suitable for their lifestyle.

• #78 Patients’ attitudes and beliefs to presbyopia and its correction | Journal of Optometry

  https://www.journalofoptometry.org/en-patients-attitudes-beliefs-presbyopia-its-articulo-S1888429620300078

• #79 Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2040246/

  A survey of ocular morbidity in rural Ugandan adults found presbyopia to be the most common cause of visual impairment in that country for which treatment was sought. Patients with uncorrected presbyopia accounted for 48 per cent of those presenting with visual impairment. […] In summary, the studies to date of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries suggest the following: more than half of adults over the age of 30 have presbyopia; women have both a higher prevalence of, and more severe, presbyopia; the majority of those with presbyopia do not have corrective spectacles. […] Further research should be conducted to determine why women and persons who live in urban environments have more presbyopia. As low- and middle-income countries undergo the demographic transition towards an ageing population, the number of people with presbyopia will increase. The impact on quality of life for older persons is now clear and presbyopia should be part of the WHO refractive error agenda. Clearly, presbyopia poses an important public health challenge, because it affects older people’s ability to maintain their economic independence.

• #80 Community Eye Health Journal » Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://archive.cehjournal.org/article/presbyopia-prevalence-impact-and-interventions/

  Presbyopia affects quality of life. […] Our study in Tanzania showed that in rural communities, where near vision tasks other than reading and writing are predominant, uncorrected presbyopia had a substantial impact on quality of life. […] While new treatments are being developed for presbyopia, spectacles represent an effective, economic option for low- and middle-income countries. […] Further research should be conducted to determine why women and persons who live in urban environments have more presbyopia.

• #81 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38594155/

  Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. […] However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #82 BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact

  https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/hp-research/520/

  The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured functional presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. […] Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. […] Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.

• #83 Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2040246/

  A survey of ocular morbidity in rural Ugandan adults found presbyopia to be the most common cause of visual impairment in that country for which treatment was sought. Patients with uncorrected presbyopia accounted for 48 per cent of those presenting with visual impairment. […] In summary, the studies to date of presbyopia in low- and middle-income countries suggest the following: more than half of adults over the age of 30 have presbyopia; women have both a higher prevalence of, and more severe, presbyopia; the majority of those with presbyopia do not have corrective spectacles. […] Further research should be conducted to determine why women and persons who live in urban environments have more presbyopia. As low- and middle-income countries undergo the demographic transition towards an ageing population, the number of people with presbyopia will increase. The impact on quality of life for older persons is now clear and presbyopia should be part of the WHO refractive error agenda. Clearly, presbyopia poses an important public health challenge, because it affects older people’s ability to maintain their economic independence.

Zobacz więcej