Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Spermatocele – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Spermatocele

  Spermatoceles are fairly common, appearing in about 30% of adult men. […] They are usually found during self examination or while men are undergoing imaging studies for other conditions. […] ultrasound – nearly 100% accurate in diagnosis of spermatocele.

• #2 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #3 Spermatocele | Pioneer Valley Urology | | Springfield, MA | Palmer, MA | Enfield

  https://www.pvurology.org/spermatocele.php

  Most spermatoceles are discovered during a self-examination of the testicles or during a routine medical examination. […] It is important that a spermatocele be definitively diagnosed to rule out more serious causes for the swelling, such as a testicular tumor. […] Other tests that may be performed for this purpose are transillumination and ultrasound. […] During transillumination, the doctor shines a light through the patient’s scrotum. […] In cases where the results of transillumination are not conclusive, an ultrasound may be performed. […] During the ultrasound test, high-frequency sound waves create precise images of the region that can be used to make certain whether the mass is solid or only filled with fluid.

• #4 Spermatocele – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829

  A spermatocele usually causes no signs or symptoms and might remain stable in size. […] Because a spermatocele usually doesn’t cause symptoms, you might discover it only during a testicular self-exam, or your doctor might find it during a routine physical exam. […] The cause of spermatoceles is unknown. Spermatoceles might result from a blockage in one of the multiple tubes within the epididymis that transport and store sperm from the testicle. […] If your spermatocele is painful or has grown so large that it’s causing you discomfort, you might need to have surgery to remove the spermatocele.

• #5 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont cause any symptoms. A healthcare provider typically detects a spermatocele during a routine physical examination or medical test for another issue. Some people discover a spermatocele while performing a testicular self-exam. […] A healthcare provider may perform or order tests during or after a physical exam. These tests can reveal more about a testicular lump or rule out other testicular disorders: […] Spermatoceles wont likely go away without treatment. […] Most spermatoceles remain small in size and cause few or no symptoms. You dont need treatment if a spermatocele doesnt cause pain or discomfort. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in conditions that affect your urinary system and reproductive system (urologist) performs surgery to remove a spermatocele (spermatocelectomy).

• #6

  https://www.garbhagudi.com/blogs/symptoms-of-spermatocele

  The diagnosis of a spermatocele involves a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, often including a physical examination and, in some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound. This helps confirm the presence of the cyst and rules out other potential conditions. […] The diagnosis of a spermatocele involves a comprehensive process that includes medical history, physical examination, and, in some cases, imaging studies. Here’s an overview of the diagnostic approach: […] The combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies, particularly ultrasound, contributes to a precise diagnosis of a spermatocele. In many cases, spermatoceles are discovered incidentally during routine examinations, and diagnostic imaging confirms their presence. […] It’s crucial for individuals who notice any changes in the scrotum, experience discomfort, or detect a lump to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare professional can perform the necessary evaluations to accurately diagnose a spermatocele and determine the most appropriate course of action based on the individual’s symptoms and concerns.

• #7 Spermatocele | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/spermatocele?content_id=CON-20377812

  To diagnose a spermatocele, you’ll need a physical exam. Although a spermatocele generally isn’t painful, you might feel discomfort when your doctor examines (palpates) the mass. […] You might also undergo the following diagnostic tests: […] Your doctor might shine a light through your scrotum. With a spermatocele, the light will indicate that the mass is fluid-filled rather than solid. […] If transillumination doesn’t clearly indicate a cyst, an ultrasound can help determine what else it might be. This test, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures, might be used to rule out a testicular tumor or other cause of scrotal swelling.

• #8 Testicular Masses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p685.html

  Patients may seek evaluation of a scrotal mass as an incidental finding. […] Benign causes of scrotal masses, including hydrocele, varicocele and spermatocele, may be diagnosed and managed easily in the primary care office. […] A spermatocele usually presents as a painless cystic mass separate from the testis. Typically, a spermatocele is located superior and posterior to the testis, is freely movable and transilluminates easily. Aspiration of the contents usually reveals dead sperm. No treatment is necessary unless the mass is bothersome.

• #9 Spermatocele | Greater Houston | Kelsey-Seybold Urology

  https://www.kelsey-seybold.com/medical-services-and-specialties/urology/scrotal-conditions/spermatocele

  A spermatocele is normally a painless, fluid-filled cyst that forms in the epididymis, which is the long, coiled tube above and behind each testicle. It feels like a smooth, firm lump in the scrotum. The fluid in the cyst may contain nonactive sperm. […] To diagnose a spermatocele, your physician will palpate the lump and may shine a light through your scrotum to see if the lump is solid or filled with fluid. If this transillumination doesn’t clearly show the cyst’s properties, your doctor may order an ultrasound to rule out a tumor or other cause of scrotal swelling. […] If you notice a lump or cyst on your scrotum or testicle and suspect a spermatocele, the Urology specialists at Kelsey-Seybold Clinic in Houston can confirm the diagnosis and help you decide whether treatment is necessary.

• #10 Evaluation of Scrotal Masses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/1115/p1165.html

  A spermatocele is a retention cyst of the epididymis. The patient usually presents with a soft nodule in the head of the epididymis. On examination, a swelling can be felt above and behind the testes, distinct from the testes; typically it does not transilluminate. […] Ultrasonography will readily confirm the diagnosis in extratesticular masses, such as hydrocele, spermatocele, and varicocele. […] For the swollen testis, ultrasonography usually demonstrates normal parenchyma in cases of torsion and orchitis, and a heterogeneous appearance in carcinoma.

• #11 Spermatocele Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-workup

  No laboratory studies are mandated in the evaluation of an uncomplicated asymptomatic spermatocele. […] The preferred modality for evaluating scrotal pathology is high-resolution scrotal ultrasonography. […] Although many experienced physicians may be comfortable making the diagnosis based on history and physical examination, ultrasonography is useful to confirm the suspected diagnosis and to rule out any additional intratesticular pathologic condition. […] Spermatoceles usually appear as cystic lesions that arise from the epididymal head; less commonly, they appear as an intratesticular lesion attached to the mediastinum testis. […] They are hypoechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement and usually cannot be differentiated from an epididymal cyst based on ultrasonographic findings. […] Occasionally, a spermatocele may have internal echoes within the cyst. […] Microscopic examination reveals a fibromuscular wall that is lined by cuboidal epithelium.

• #12 Spermatocele (Epididymal Cyst) – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/tv7861spec

  A spermatocele is usually diagnosed by examining the scrotum. As part of the exam, your doctor may shine a light behind each testicle (transillumination) to check for solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. Spermatoceles are filled with fluid, so light will shine through them. Light will not pass through solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. An ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis of a spermatocele.

• #13 Spermatocele

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20377812

  To diagnose a spermatocele, you’ll need a physical exam. Although a spermatocele generally isn’t painful, you might feel discomfort when your doctor examines (palpates) the mass. […] You might also undergo the following diagnostic tests: […] Transillumination. Your doctor might shine a light through your scrotum. With a spermatocele, the light will indicate that the mass is fluid-filled rather than solid. […] Ultrasound. If transillumination doesn’t clearly indicate a cyst, an ultrasound can help determine what else it might be. This test, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures, might be used to rule out a testicular tumor or other cause of scrotal swelling.

• #14 Spermatocele | Pioneer Valley Urology | | Springfield, MA | Palmer, MA | Enfield

  https://www.pvurology.org/spermatocele.php

  Most spermatoceles are discovered during a self-examination of the testicles or during a routine medical examination. […] It is important that a spermatocele be definitively diagnosed to rule out more serious causes for the swelling, such as a testicular tumor. […] Other tests that may be performed for this purpose are transillumination and ultrasound. […] During transillumination, the doctor shines a light through the patient’s scrotum. […] In cases where the results of transillumination are not conclusive, an ultrasound may be performed. […] During the ultrasound test, high-frequency sound waves create precise images of the region that can be used to make certain whether the mass is solid or only filled with fluid.

• #15

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tv7861spec

  A spermatocele is usually diagnosed by examining the scrotum. As part of the exam, your doctor may shine a light behind each testicle (transillumination) to check for solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. Spermatoceles are filled with fluid, so light will shine through them. Light will not pass through solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. An ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis of a spermatocele. […] If the spermatocele gets larger or causes discomfort, a procedure to remove the spermatocele (spermatocelectomy) may be needed.

• #16 What Is a Spermatocele (Epididymal Cyst) or Spermatic Cyst?

  https://www.webmd.com/men/spermatocele-or-epididemal-cysts

  Spermatocele Diagnosis […] Most of the time, spermatoceles dont hurt, so you may not have any symptoms. You might only feel a bump while examining your testicles. Your doctor might find it during an exam. As the cyst gets bigger, you may feel heaviness in your testicle. You might also notice a mass or swelling behind or above your testicle. […] Your doctor will likely do a couple of tests to make sure the growth is a spermatocele and not a tumor. Theyll probably start with a physical exam. Youll also have a transillumination or an ultrasound. […] Transillumination is where your doctor shines a light through your scrotum. If the growth is a spermatocele, the light will shine through it. If its a mass, it won’t. […] Ultrasound is the next step if transillumination doesnt show fluid. This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images on a screen.

• #17 Spermatocele (Epididymal Cyst) – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/tv7861spec

  A spermatocele is usually diagnosed by examining the scrotum. As part of the exam, your doctor may shine a light behind each testicle (transillumination) to check for solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. Spermatoceles are filled with fluid, so light will shine through them. Light will not pass through solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. An ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis of a spermatocele.

• #18 Spermatocele Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-workup

  No laboratory studies are mandated in the evaluation of an uncomplicated asymptomatic spermatocele. […] The preferred modality for evaluating scrotal pathology is high-resolution scrotal ultrasonography. […] Although many experienced physicians may be comfortable making the diagnosis based on history and physical examination, ultrasonography is useful to confirm the suspected diagnosis and to rule out any additional intratesticular pathologic condition. […] Spermatoceles usually appear as cystic lesions that arise from the epididymal head; less commonly, they appear as an intratesticular lesion attached to the mediastinum testis. […] They are hypoechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement and usually cannot be differentiated from an epididymal cyst based on ultrasonographic findings. […] Occasionally, a spermatocele may have internal echoes within the cyst. […] Microscopic examination reveals a fibromuscular wall that is lined by cuboidal epithelium.

• #19 Spermatoceles Treatment – Comprehensive Urology

  https://comprehensive-urology.com/mens-health/spermatocele/

  Spermatoceles are usually diagnosed through a physical exam. Urologists typically use the following tests to confirm a diagnosis: […] Transillumination involves your doctor shining a light through the scrotum. Moreover, the light shows if the lump is fluid-filled or solid — if it’s fluid, you have a spermatocele. […] Your doctor might refer you for an ultrasound scan if the transillumination test isn’t clear enough for a definite diagnosis. Moreover, Ultrasound creates moving images using high-frequency sound waves. It can help determine if you have a testicular tumor or scrotal problem. […] If your doctor suspects that the lump may be cancerous, they may order additional tests, such as a blood test or biopsy, to rule out testicular cancer. […] It is important to perform regular self-exams to detect any changes or abnormalities in the scrotum. If you notice any lumps or swelling, or experience any pain or discomfort, you should consult a doctor for further evaluation.

• #20 Spermatocele | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/spermatocele?content_id=CON-20377812

  To diagnose a spermatocele, you’ll need a physical exam. Although a spermatocele generally isn’t painful, you might feel discomfort when your doctor examines (palpates) the mass. […] You might also undergo the following diagnostic tests: […] Your doctor might shine a light through your scrotum. With a spermatocele, the light will indicate that the mass is fluid-filled rather than solid. […] If transillumination doesn’t clearly indicate a cyst, an ultrasound can help determine what else it might be. This test, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures, might be used to rule out a testicular tumor or other cause of scrotal swelling.

• #21 Spermatocele | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spermatocele-1?lang=us

  Spermatoceles are a common type of extratesticular cyst (occasionally intratesticular) and represent cystic dilatation of tubules of the efferent ductules in the head of the epididymis. […] At sonographic examination, spermatoceles are well-defined epididymal hypoechoic lesions usually measuring 1-2 cm and demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement. They are usually irregular, with fine low-level internal echoes and sometimes septations. […] General imaging differential considerations include: epididymal cyst, unlike epididymal cysts, spermatoceles often contain low-level echogenic proteinaceous fluid and spermatozoa.

• #22 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/spermatocele/

  A comprehensive physical examination is the first step in diagnosing spermatocele. During the examination, the healthcare provider will palpate the scrotum to detect any cystic masses. Transillumination, where a light is shined through the scrotal sac, can help differentiate spermatocele from other cystic conditions. […] Ultrasound is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of spermatocele. It provides detailed imaging of the scrotal contents, allowing for the differentiation of cystic and solid masses. […] Diagnosis is usually made during a physical exam, often confirmed by an ultrasound to distinguish the cyst from other scrotal masses like testicular cancer.

• #23 Spermatocele | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spermatocele-1?lang=us

  Spermatoceles are a common type of extratesticular cyst (occasionally intratesticular) and represent cystic dilatation of tubules of the efferent ductules in the head of the epididymis. […] At sonographic examination, spermatoceles are well-defined epididymal hypoechoic lesions usually measuring 1-2 cm and demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement. They are usually irregular, with fine low-level internal echoes and sometimes septations. […] General imaging differential considerations include: epididymal cyst, unlike epididymal cysts, spermatoceles often contain low-level echogenic proteinaceous fluid and spermatozoa.

• #24 Spermatocele | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/cases/spermatocele?lang=us

  Evaluation for oligozoospermia. […] Spermatocele is seen as an unilocular extratesticular cyst with low level internal echoes. […] Spermatocele is seen as a unilocular or rarely multilocular extratesticular cyst caused by cystic dilatation of tubules of the efferent ductules in the head of the epididymis. […] On ultrasound studies, they appear as well-defined epididymal cystic lesions, with low-level fine internal echoes, usually measuring 1-2 cm with posterior acoustic enhancement. Thin septations may be present.

• #25 Spermatocele Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-workup

  No laboratory studies are mandated in the evaluation of an uncomplicated asymptomatic spermatocele. […] The preferred modality for evaluating scrotal pathology is high-resolution scrotal ultrasonography. […] Although many experienced physicians may be comfortable making the diagnosis based on history and physical examination, ultrasonography is useful to confirm the suspected diagnosis and to rule out any additional intratesticular pathologic condition. […] Spermatoceles usually appear as cystic lesions that arise from the epididymal head; less commonly, they appear as an intratesticular lesion attached to the mediastinum testis. […] They are hypoechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement and usually cannot be differentiated from an epididymal cyst based on ultrasonographic findings. […] Occasionally, a spermatocele may have internal echoes within the cyst. […] Microscopic examination reveals a fibromuscular wall that is lined by cuboidal epithelium.

• #26 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/spermatocele-8657059

  These tests can help differentiate spermatoceles from similar conditions such as: A simple epididymal cyst, Hydrocele (the accumulation of fluid around a testicle), Varicocele (swelling of veins inside the spermatic cord), Testicular cancer (most commonly germ cell tumors), Testicular lymphoma (a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma).

• #27 Spermatocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatocele

  Spermatoceles can be discovered as incidental scrotal masses found on physical examination by a physician or by self-inspection of the scrotum and testicles. […] The primary care physician may diagnose and manage benign causes of scrotal masses such as hydrocele, varicocele and spermatocele. However, if a „must not miss” diagnosis related to testicular masses such as testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer is suspected, the family physician must refer to a urologist. […] Finding a painless, cystic mass at the head of the epididymis that is clearly separate from the testicle can indicate a spermatocele. Shining a light through the mass, a process known as transillumination, can also help differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a tumor, which would not allow as much light to pass. […] If uncertainty exists, ultrasonography of the scrotum can confirm the presence of a spermatocele. […] Lab tests such as a complete blood count (CBC test) or urine test can also be conducted to check for any possible infection or signs of inflammation.

• #28 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/spermatocele-8657059

  A spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in a coiled, tubular structure inside the testicles called the epididymis. […] The article describes the symptoms and causes of spermatoceles, including how this common urological condition is diagnosed and treated. […] Given that a lump in the scrotum can mean anything from a cyst to cancer, a diagnosis by a urologist is invariably needed. […] The diagnosis will involve reviewing your medical history and performing a physical exam. […] The combination of a soft, free-moving, and painless mass with a positive transillumination test may be enough to diagnose a spermatocele. […] Even so, most urologists will confirm the diagnosis with a noninvasive testicular ultrasound, which visualizes the cyst using high-frequency sound waves. […] If there is still any doubt, the urologist may perform an aspiration in which a needle is inserted through the skin and into the cyst to remove a sample of fluid. If the mass is a spermatocele, dead sperm cells will be found in the fluid.

• #29 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #30 Nonacute scrotal conditions in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonacute-scrotal-conditions-in-adults

  The most common nonacute scrotal conditions include varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal cyst and spermatocele, testicular cancer, chronic epididymitis, and cryptorchidism. […] This topic reviews the conditions that a clinician is likely to encounter on routine physical examination. […] The spectrum of conditions that affect the scrotum and its contents ranges from incidental findings that require patient reassurance to acute pathologic events that necessitate expeditious diagnosis and treatment.

• #31 Hydroceles, Spermatoceles & Epididymal Cysts — Metrovan Urology

  https://www.metrovanurology.com/hydroceles-spermatoceles-epididymal-cysts

  The epididymis is a structure located behind (posterior to) the testis in which sperm mature. […] Spermatocele: a type of scrotal fluid collection originating from the epididymis which contains slightly cloudy fluid and sperm. […] Spermatoceles and epididymal cysts can be difficult to tell apart, even at the time of surgery. However, spermatoceles contain sperm and typically cloudy fluid. […] Scrotal ultrasound is exquisitely sensitive at differentiating fluid collections (usually benign) from solid tumors (usually cancer). […] The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of history and physical examination with the addition of additional tests depending on the circumstances.

• #32 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/spermatocele-8657059

  A spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in a coiled, tubular structure inside the testicles called the epididymis. […] The article describes the symptoms and causes of spermatoceles, including how this common urological condition is diagnosed and treated. […] Given that a lump in the scrotum can mean anything from a cyst to cancer, a diagnosis by a urologist is invariably needed. […] The diagnosis will involve reviewing your medical history and performing a physical exam. […] The combination of a soft, free-moving, and painless mass with a positive transillumination test may be enough to diagnose a spermatocele. […] Even so, most urologists will confirm the diagnosis with a noninvasive testicular ultrasound, which visualizes the cyst using high-frequency sound waves. […] If there is still any doubt, the urologist may perform an aspiration in which a needle is inserted through the skin and into the cyst to remove a sample of fluid. If the mass is a spermatocele, dead sperm cells will be found in the fluid.

• #33 Pediatric Spermatocele Cyst Treatment in Atlanta, GA

  https://www.gaurology.com/condition/spermatocele/

  Spermatocele and epididymal cysts are often used to describe the same thing. […] Your doctor will perform a physical examination to diagnose an epididymal or spermatocele cyst. A scrotal ultrasound will be needed to confirm the diagnosis. The only way to tell an epididymal cyst from a spermatocele cyst is to aspirate the fluid to see if sperm cells are within. […] Spermatocele cysts do not usually require treatment as they are painless and removal can inadvertently damage the epididymis, a very delicate structure, potentially blocking sperms ability to leave that testicle.

• #34 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #35 Spermatoceles Treatment – Comprehensive Urology

  https://comprehensive-urology.com/mens-health/spermatocele/

  Spermatoceles are usually diagnosed through a physical exam. Urologists typically use the following tests to confirm a diagnosis: […] Transillumination involves your doctor shining a light through the scrotum. Moreover, the light shows if the lump is fluid-filled or solid — if it’s fluid, you have a spermatocele. […] Your doctor might refer you for an ultrasound scan if the transillumination test isn’t clear enough for a definite diagnosis. Moreover, Ultrasound creates moving images using high-frequency sound waves. It can help determine if you have a testicular tumor or scrotal problem. […] If your doctor suspects that the lump may be cancerous, they may order additional tests, such as a blood test or biopsy, to rule out testicular cancer. […] It is important to perform regular self-exams to detect any changes or abnormalities in the scrotum. If you notice any lumps or swelling, or experience any pain or discomfort, you should consult a doctor for further evaluation.

• #36 Spermatocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatocele

  Spermatoceles can be discovered as incidental scrotal masses found on physical examination by a physician or by self-inspection of the scrotum and testicles. […] The primary care physician may diagnose and manage benign causes of scrotal masses such as hydrocele, varicocele and spermatocele. However, if a „must not miss” diagnosis related to testicular masses such as testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer is suspected, the family physician must refer to a urologist. […] Finding a painless, cystic mass at the head of the epididymis that is clearly separate from the testicle can indicate a spermatocele. Shining a light through the mass, a process known as transillumination, can also help differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a tumor, which would not allow as much light to pass. […] If uncertainty exists, ultrasonography of the scrotum can confirm the presence of a spermatocele. […] Lab tests such as a complete blood count (CBC test) or urine test can also be conducted to check for any possible infection or signs of inflammation.

• #37 Spermatocele – WikiLectures

  https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Spermatocele

  Ultrasound imaging of the spermatocele: the testis is homogeneously echogenic, the fluid in the spermatocele is anechoic (black) […] The basis of diagnosis is anamnesis. We ask the patient about the duration, we are interested in whether the formation arose in connection with inflammation or trauma. We examine the scrotum by palpation standing and lying down, we find a palpable mass. We use an ultrasound examination to confirm the spermatocele. […] In the differential diagnosis we must distinguish between hydrocele, varicocele and cancer in the area of the testicle or epididymis. The hardness of the testicle indicates a tumorous finding, the more elastic the formation, the greater the probability that it is a spermatocele. Oncological origin is more suspected in younger men, in whom the incidence of testicular tumors is higher. Pain is not a typical symptom of either a tumor or a spermatocele. […] Tumor markers will also help us differentiate – we collect alfa-fetoprotein, -hCG, we are also interested in the value of lactate dehydrogenase (serum concentration of LDH is suitable for monitoring the growth and regression of various malignancies).

• #38 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont cause any symptoms. A healthcare provider typically detects a spermatocele during a routine physical examination or medical test for another issue. Some people discover a spermatocele while performing a testicular self-exam. […] A healthcare provider may perform or order tests during or after a physical exam. These tests can reveal more about a testicular lump or rule out other testicular disorders: […] Spermatoceles wont likely go away without treatment. […] Most spermatoceles remain small in size and cause few or no symptoms. You dont need treatment if a spermatocele doesnt cause pain or discomfort. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in conditions that affect your urinary system and reproductive system (urologist) performs surgery to remove a spermatocele (spermatocelectomy).

• #39 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #40 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

• #41 Spermatocele: What it is, causes, treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spermatocele

  A spermatocele is a fluid-filled sac or cyst. […] A person will usually need to see a urologist for a diagnosis. […] A urologist may test the cyst using a bright light, which will shine through a noncancerous cyst because, unlike a tumor, it is not a solid mass. They might also use ultrasound, a type of scan that uses sound waves that bounce off tissues to detect abnormalities. […] Many people with spermatoceles will not need treatment. […] Treatment is generally minimally invasive, and a person can expect to make a full recovery within a few weeks.

• #42 Spermatocele – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829

  A spermatocele usually causes no signs or symptoms and might remain stable in size. […] Because a spermatocele usually doesn’t cause symptoms, you might discover it only during a testicular self-exam, or your doctor might find it during a routine physical exam. […] The cause of spermatoceles is unknown. Spermatoceles might result from a blockage in one of the multiple tubes within the epididymis that transport and store sperm from the testicle. […] If your spermatocele is painful or has grown so large that it’s causing you discomfort, you might need to have surgery to remove the spermatocele.

• #43

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tv7861spec

  A spermatocele is usually diagnosed by examining the scrotum. As part of the exam, your doctor may shine a light behind each testicle (transillumination) to check for solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. Spermatoceles are filled with fluid, so light will shine through them. Light will not pass through solid masses that may be caused by other problems, such as cancer of the testicle. An ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis of a spermatocele. […] If the spermatocele gets larger or causes discomfort, a procedure to remove the spermatocele (spermatocelectomy) may be needed.

• #44 Spermatocele – Nebraska Urology

  https://ne-urology.com/service/scrotal-and-testicular-care/spermatocele/

  A spermatocele, also known as spermatic cysts or epididymal cysts, is a benign fluid-filled cyst typically forming on the epididymis, which is a coiled tube located behind the testicle. This condition is relatively common and is not usually associated with serious health risks. They are often painless and may go unnoticed unless they grow significantly or cause discomfort, in which case treatment may be required. […] Your Nebraska Urology provider can diagnose a spermatocele through physical examination and may recommend further tests such as ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis. It’s essential to differentiate them from other conditions that may present similarly, such as testicular cancer or other types of cysts. […] Treatment for spermatoceles is typically conservative and may include observation and pain management if necessary. Your Nebraska Urology provider may recommend surgical removal of the cyst (spermatocelectomy) in cases where the cyst is large, causes significant discomfort, or if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis.

• #45 Spermatocele – Nebraska Urology

  https://ne-urology.com/service/scrotal-and-testicular-care/spermatocele/

  Spermatoceles are typically found during a physical examination or self-examination of the scrotum. Routine check-ups with your Nebraska Urology provider can help in early detection and management of scrotal issues. If you notice any changes or abnormalities in your scrotum, we recommend you seek medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions and to receive appropriate management if needed.

• #46 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Diagnosis

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/surgery/spermatocele-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  It’s quite beneficial to examine your testicles during or immediately after a warm bath or shower. The heat from the water relaxes your scrotum and makes it easier for you to notice anything unusual. […] As soon as you see any lumps, give your doctor a call. If you want to maintain your health, self-examination is crucial. However, it cannot replace a medical examination. Every time you have a physical examination, your doctor typically examines your testicles. […] While the majority of spermatoceles don’t need to be treated, yours probably won’t go away on its own. […] If yours is extremely painful, your doctor might recommend over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] Spermatocelectomy operations are often performed as outpatient procedures, using either a local or general anesthetic. The surgeon makes an incision in the scrotum to separate the spermatocele and epididymis.

• #47 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Diagnosis

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/surgery/spermatocele-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  Injuries to the epididymis or the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm, could affect fertility after surgery. […] There is a chance that surgery or sclerotherapy will harm the epididymis or vas deferens, which could affect fertility. […] You should do scrotal self-examinations at least once a month to check for changes in your scrotum, such as masses, even if spermatoceles cannot be prevented. […] If your spermatocele is painful or has grown to such an extent that it is causing you problems, surgery may be necessary to remove it.

• #48 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

• #49 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont cause any symptoms. A healthcare provider typically detects a spermatocele during a routine physical examination or medical test for another issue. Some people discover a spermatocele while performing a testicular self-exam. […] A healthcare provider may perform or order tests during or after a physical exam. These tests can reveal more about a testicular lump or rule out other testicular disorders: […] Spermatoceles wont likely go away without treatment. […] Most spermatoceles remain small in size and cause few or no symptoms. You dont need treatment if a spermatocele doesnt cause pain or discomfort. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in conditions that affect your urinary system and reproductive system (urologist) performs surgery to remove a spermatocele (spermatocelectomy).

• #50 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #51 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Diagnosis

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/surgery/spermatocele-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  It’s quite beneficial to examine your testicles during or immediately after a warm bath or shower. The heat from the water relaxes your scrotum and makes it easier for you to notice anything unusual. […] As soon as you see any lumps, give your doctor a call. If you want to maintain your health, self-examination is crucial. However, it cannot replace a medical examination. Every time you have a physical examination, your doctor typically examines your testicles. […] While the majority of spermatoceles don’t need to be treated, yours probably won’t go away on its own. […] If yours is extremely painful, your doctor might recommend over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] Spermatocelectomy operations are often performed as outpatient procedures, using either a local or general anesthetic. The surgeon makes an incision in the scrotum to separate the spermatocele and epididymis.

• #52 Spermatocele | Brandywine Urology Consultants

  https://www.brandywineuc.com/urological-condition/spermatocele/

  Potential complications of spermatocelectomy are not common but include fever, infection, bleeding (scrotal hematoma), recurrence and persistent pain. […] Recurrence of a spermatocele occurs in approximately 10-25% of cases. […] Patients with spermatoceles do not have an identified increased risk of testicular cancer. […] Medications are available to treat associated discomfort or pain, but no medication will lead to resolution or prevention of spermatoceles.

• #53 Spermatocele: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview

  A spermatocele is a benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. […] The differential diagnoses include hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, simple epididymal cyst, and neoplasm. History, examination, and ultrasonography can aid in the differentiation. […] Spermatoceles are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Intervention may be considered for uncomfortable, painful, or progressively enlarging spermatoceles. […] Surgical intervention is not indicated for the incidental asymptomatic spermatocele. However, if discomfort, pain, or progressive enlargement is bothersome to the patient, discussion regarding excision may ensue. Spermatocelectomy may be offered to symptomatic patients who are reasonable surgical candidates. […] Needle aspiration of a spermatocele may lead to infection, spillage of irritating sperm within the scrotum, and reaccumulation of the spermatocele. Sclerotherapy is usually not performed in reproductive-aged men because of the risk of chemical epididymitis and resultant epididymal damage, which may contribute to future infertility. […] Complications of spermatocelectomy include hematoma and, less commonly, wound infection, scrotal abscess, or recurrence.

• #54 Spermatocelectomy & Excision of an Epididymal Cyst | University Urology Associates of New Jersey

  https://uuanj.com/surgical/spermatocelectomy-excision-epididymal-cyst/

  A spermatocele is also a benign balloon-like structure, but one that contains sperm. […] Occasionally it may be difficult to differentiate a large spermatocele from a large epididymal cyst on physical examination. […] The tissue removed is usually sent to a pathologist (doctors that examine tissue under a microscope) for review. During the surgery, however, we can typically tell whether the mass is a spermatocele or cyst. […] Removal of a spermatocele can cause obstruction of the flow of sperm through the epididymis on that side.

• #55 Spermatocele | Pioneer Valley Urology | | Springfield, MA | Palmer, MA | Enfield

  https://www.pvurology.org/spermatocele.php

  Most spermatoceles are discovered during a self-examination of the testicles or during a routine medical examination. […] It is important that a spermatocele be definitively diagnosed to rule out more serious causes for the swelling, such as a testicular tumor. […] Other tests that may be performed for this purpose are transillumination and ultrasound. […] During transillumination, the doctor shines a light through the patient’s scrotum. […] In cases where the results of transillumination are not conclusive, an ultrasound may be performed. […] During the ultrasound test, high-frequency sound waves create precise images of the region that can be used to make certain whether the mass is solid or only filled with fluid.

• #56 Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testis with Spermatocele

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4717805/

  A 55-year-old male patient presented with a slowly enlarging, painless, large soft mass lesion in left scrotal sac for 6 month. […] On the basis of characteristic ultrasound and Doppler findings final diagnosis was made of tubular ectasia of rete testis and spermatocele. […] Ultrasonography is usually the first and only modality needed to diagnose this condition. […] Spermatoceles are common extra-testicular lesions caused by cystic dilation of efferent ductules in the region of head of epididymis. […] Spermatocele may show low-level echogenic internal echoes due to proteinaceous fluid containing dead sperms. […] Tubular ectasia of rete testis and spermatocele are benign entities with characteristics features on gray scale and colour Doppler examination. This condition should be recognized in older individuals and its awareness can prevent unnecessary investigations and surgical intervention.

• #57 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont cause any symptoms. A healthcare provider typically detects a spermatocele during a routine physical examination or medical test for another issue. Some people discover a spermatocele while performing a testicular self-exam. […] A healthcare provider may perform or order tests during or after a physical exam. These tests can reveal more about a testicular lump or rule out other testicular disorders: […] Spermatoceles wont likely go away without treatment. […] Most spermatoceles remain small in size and cause few or no symptoms. You dont need treatment if a spermatocele doesnt cause pain or discomfort. […] A healthcare provider who specializes in conditions that affect your urinary system and reproductive system (urologist) performs surgery to remove a spermatocele (spermatocelectomy).

• #58 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

• #59 UroPartners – Spermatoceles

  https://uropartners.com/conditions/Spermatoceles

  Spermatoceles are also known as spermatic cysts. They are fluid-filled masses, often painless, and they grow near the testicles on the epididymis (tube that stores sperm). […] Spermatoceles are often found during a man’s testicular self-exam, or by a doctor at a health exam. Self-exams should be done at least once a month. Your doctor can show you the right technique. If you note any suspicious changes, such as larger size or unusual firmness, you should call your doctor. […] Light can be shined through a spermatocele. This generally shows if the mass looks like a solid tumor or a benign (not cancerous) cyst. Ultrasound (a test using sound waves to make images of organs) is a better way to check a cyst. This method is relatively quick, noninvasive and inexpensive. […] Spermatoceles are benign epididymal lesions. They are separate and distinct from the testicle. Patients with spermatoceles do not have an identified increased risk of testicular cancer.

• #60 Spermatocele | Brandywine Urology Consultants

  https://www.brandywineuc.com/urological-condition/spermatocele/

  Potential complications of spermatocelectomy are not common but include fever, infection, bleeding (scrotal hematoma), recurrence and persistent pain. […] Recurrence of a spermatocele occurs in approximately 10-25% of cases. […] Patients with spermatoceles do not have an identified increased risk of testicular cancer. […] Medications are available to treat associated discomfort or pain, but no medication will lead to resolution or prevention of spermatoceles.

• #61 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

• #62 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

• #63 Spermatocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17492-spermatocele

  Spermatoceles usually dont go away on their own without treatment. […] Spermatoceles are a pretty common condition. They usually cause few or no symptoms. They usually dont cause further health issues or pose a serious threat. […] No. Spermatoceles are benign (noncancerous) cysts, which means they arent cancerous. There isnt any evidence to suggest spermatoceles can turn into cancer. […] No, spermatoceles dont cause male infertility. However, surgery can cause blockage of your epididymis, which could affect your fertility. […] Call a healthcare provider if you: […] Go to the nearest emergency room if you have worsening testicular pain and swelling that comes on suddenly with no apparent cause.

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