Materiały źródłowe

• #1 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system. Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli. It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a progressive disease of lungs. […] NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Cough in the morning Cough with clear sputum Wheezing. Shortness of Breath. Deceased exercise tolerance. Rapid breathing. Clubbing of fingers. Fat intolerance. Blush lips. Cyanosis. Fatigue. Barrel chest Edema in ankles and legs. Loss of appetite. Weight loss. Breathing through pursed lips. Desire to lean forward to improve breathing. Cardiomegaly (right chamber ). Heart failure

• #2 Nursing Care of Emphysema patient .pptx

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-emphysema-patient-pptx/265205072

  Emphysema is a progressive lung disease where the air sacs (alveoli) are destroyed, leading to shortness of breath. It is usually caused by smoking, which damages the walls of the alveoli over many years. As the elastic tissue is destroyed, the air sacs lose their shape and air becomes trapped, reducing oxygen intake. The main symptoms are breathlessness, cough, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves exams, imaging, and lung function tests. Treatment focuses on quitting smoking, medications, surgery, and rehabilitation to help manage symptoms. […] Emphysema is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis. Emphysema is a long term progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over inflation of the alveoli. It affects the walls of the millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs, which become inflamed and loose elasticity, causing the bronchioles to collapse. As a result, air becomes trapped in the air sacs, which become overstretched and may rupture, greatly affecting a persons ability to breathe normally. Emphysema frequently occurs together with chronic bronchitis.

• #3 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Emphysema is the enlargement and destruction of the alveolar, bronchial, and bronchiolar tissue with resultant loss of recoil, air trapping, thoracic overdistention, sputum accumulation, and loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone. […] The major goals of medical management are to improve quality of life, slow progression of the disease, and treat obstructed airways to relieve hypoxia. Treatment is directed at improving ventilation, decreasing work of breathing and preventing infection. […] Maintaining a patent airway is a priority. Use a humidifier at night to help the patient mobilize secretions in the morning. […] Patient education is vital to long-term management. Teach the patient about the disease and its implications for lifestyle changes, such as avoidance of cigarette smoke and other irritants, activity alterations, and any necessary occupational changes.

• #4 8 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-care-plans/

  COPD is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms of dyspnea, cough, sputum production, and exacerbations due to abnormalities of the airways such as bronchitis and/or alveoli that cause persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction, such as in emphysema. […] Emphysema is a most severe form of COPD, characterized by recurrent inflammation that damages and eventually destroys alveolar walls to create large blebs or bullae (air spaces) and collapsed bronchioles on expiration (air-trapping). […] Nursing care planning for clients diagnosed with COPD involves the introduction of a treatment regimen to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Most clients diagnosed with COPD receive outpatient treatment, and the nurse should develop a teaching plan to help them comply with the therapy and understand the nature of this chronic disease.

• #5 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by the patients air space being permanently enlarged due to not being able to expel all the air out of the alveoli. The disease slowly progresses into pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. […] To make breathing easier patients will purse their lips and typically use accessory muscles to aid in breathing. […] Due to the lungs being chronically hyper-inflated from trapped air and prolonged expiration, patients with emphysema will develop a rounded and larger rib cage (increase in antero-posterior chest wall diameter). […] These patients are also known as pink puffers because of their pink complexion and dyspnea. As more air becomes trapped, the patient will be unable to take deeper breath, and move new air into the lungs. This leads to the patient feeling short of breath with activity.

• #6 Nursing Management of COPD – The Nursiversity

  https://www.thenursiversity.com/nursing-management-of-copd/

  This leads to carbon dioxide retention, chronic respiratory acidosis, and decreased arterial oxygen. […] Emphysema can be panlobular, centrilobular, or paraseptal. It is associated with smoking or chronic exposure to irritating inhalants. […] Nursing interventions: Airway maintenance- most important to improve gas exchange. […] Teach the patient how to utilize diaphragmatic or abdominal and pursed-lip breathing during periods of dyspnea. […] Position the patient upright in the bed with the head of the bed elevated. […] Teach the patient to cough upon waking up in the morning, before mealtimes, and before bedtime. […] Monitor the consistency, color, odor, and amount of sputum produced. […] Utilize 2-4 L of oxygen per nasal cannula as needed and as prescribed. […] Encourage the patient to drink 2-3 L of fluid per day.

• #7 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system. Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli. It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a progressive disease of lungs. […] NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Cough in the morning Cough with clear sputum Wheezing. Shortness of Breath. Deceased exercise tolerance. Rapid breathing. Clubbing of fingers. Fat intolerance. Blush lips. Cyanosis. Fatigue. Barrel chest Edema in ankles and legs. Loss of appetite. Weight loss. Breathing through pursed lips. Desire to lean forward to improve breathing. Cardiomegaly (right chamber ). Heart failure

• #8 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by the patients air space being permanently enlarged due to not being able to expel all the air out of the alveoli. The disease slowly progresses into pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. […] To make breathing easier patients will purse their lips and typically use accessory muscles to aid in breathing. […] Due to the lungs being chronically hyper-inflated from trapped air and prolonged expiration, patients with emphysema will develop a rounded and larger rib cage (increase in antero-posterior chest wall diameter). […] These patients are also known as pink puffers because of their pink complexion and dyspnea. As more air becomes trapped, the patient will be unable to take deeper breath, and move new air into the lungs. This leads to the patient feeling short of breath with activity.

• #9 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by the patients air space being permanently enlarged due to not being able to expel all the air out of the alveoli. The disease slowly progresses into pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. […] To make breathing easier patients will purse their lips and typically use accessory muscles to aid in breathing. […] Due to the lungs being chronically hyper-inflated from trapped air and prolonged expiration, patients with emphysema will develop a rounded and larger rib cage (increase in antero-posterior chest wall diameter). […] These patients are also known as pink puffers because of their pink complexion and dyspnea. As more air becomes trapped, the patient will be unable to take deeper breath, and move new air into the lungs. This leads to the patient feeling short of breath with activity.

• #10 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Nursing Care Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/

  Nurses care for patients with COPD across the spectrum of care, from outpatient to home care to emergency department, critical care, and hospice settings. […] Management of patients with COPD should be incorporated with teaching and improving the respiratory status of the patient. Learn about the nursing care management of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease using the nursing process in this guide. […] Assessment of the respiratory system should be done rapidly yet accurately. […] Patient and family teaching is an important nursing intervention to enhance self-management in patients with any chronic pulmonary disorder. […] The nurse must appropriately administer bronchodilators and corticosteroids and become alert for potential side effects. […] The home care nurse must provide the education and breathing retraining necessary to optimize the patients functional status. […] It is important for the nurse to assess the knowledge of patient and family members about self-care and the therapeutic regimen.

• #11 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #12 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #13 What Are COPD and Emphysema? | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/pulmonology/services/copd-emphysema/what-is

  Emphysema, which is a common form of COPD, is a chronic lung condition in which the tiny air sacs that normally expand and contract as you breathe are destroyed making it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs. […] The pulmonologists at Mount Sinai are highly skilled in the screening and diagnosis of COPD and emphysema, and they are nationally recognized experts in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. […] To make a diagnosis, your doctor will perform simple non-invasive tests, which may include: […] Pulmonary function tests (PFT) which asses lung function and capacity.

• #14 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #15 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Emphysema is a progressive lung disease characterized by alveoli (air sacs) damage, leading to decreased lung function and breathing difficulties. As a critical component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema requires comprehensive nursing care and detailed care planning. […] Nursing Care Plans for Emphysema […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane destruction as evidenced by dyspnea, abnormal arterial blood gases, and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Monitor respiratory status hourly. Rationale: Early detection of deterioration. 2. Position the patient in semi-Fowlers position. Rationale: Optimizes lung expansion. 3. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Rationale: Maintains adequate oxygenation. 4. Teach pursed-lip breathing. Rationale: Improves gas exchange. 5. Monitor ABG results. Rationale: Evaluates treatment effectiveness.

• #16 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Emphysema is a progressive lung disease characterized by alveoli (air sacs) damage, leading to decreased lung function and breathing difficulties. As a critical component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema requires comprehensive nursing care and detailed care planning. […] Nursing Care Plans for Emphysema […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane destruction as evidenced by dyspnea, abnormal arterial blood gases, and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Monitor respiratory status hourly. Rationale: Early detection of deterioration. 2. Position the patient in semi-Fowlers position. Rationale: Optimizes lung expansion. 3. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Rationale: Maintains adequate oxygenation. 4. Teach pursed-lip breathing. Rationale: Improves gas exchange. 5. Monitor ABG results. Rationale: Evaluates treatment effectiveness.

• #17 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #18 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #19 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: Patient maintains oxygen saturation 90%. Demonstrates improved breathing pattern. Reports decreased dyspnea. Shows normal breath sounds. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Assess activity tolerance. Rationale: Establishes baseline and limitations. 2. Plan activities with rest periods. Rationale: Prevents exhaustion. 3. Teach energy conservation techniques. Rationale: Maximizes available energy. 4. Implement a progressive activity program. Rationale: Builds endurance safely. 5. Monitor vital signs during activity. Rationale: Ensures safe exercise levels. […] Desired Outcomes: Participates in daily activities without severe dyspnea. Maintains stable vital signs during activity. Uses energy conservation techniques effectively. Reports improved exercise tolerance.

• #20 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #21 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to hyperinflation of alveoli as evidenced by dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, and prolonged expiration phase. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Assess breathing patterns hourly. Rationale: Monitors respiratory status. 2. Teach breathing exercises. Rationale: Improves respiratory efficiency. 3. Demonstrate relaxation techniques. Rationale: Reduces anxiety and dyspnea. 4. Position for optimal breathing. Rationale: Facilitates respiratory function. 5. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed. Rationale: Reduces airway resistance. […] Desired Outcomes: Demonstrates effective breathing techniques. Shows decreased use of accessory muscles. Reports reduced dyspnea. Maintains normal respiratory rate. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Knowledge Deficit related to lack of exposure to information about emphysema management as evidenced by verbalization of questions and incorrect performance of techniques.

• #22 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to hyperinflation of alveoli as evidenced by dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, and prolonged expiration phase. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Assess breathing patterns hourly. Rationale: Monitors respiratory status. 2. Teach breathing exercises. Rationale: Improves respiratory efficiency. 3. Demonstrate relaxation techniques. Rationale: Reduces anxiety and dyspnea. 4. Position for optimal breathing. Rationale: Facilitates respiratory function. 5. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed. Rationale: Reduces airway resistance. […] Desired Outcomes: Demonstrates effective breathing techniques. Shows decreased use of accessory muscles. Reports reduced dyspnea. Maintains normal respiratory rate. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Knowledge Deficit related to lack of exposure to information about emphysema management as evidenced by verbalization of questions and incorrect performance of techniques.

• #23 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Emphysema is the enlargement and destruction of the alveolar, bronchial, and bronchiolar tissue with resultant loss of recoil, air trapping, thoracic overdistention, sputum accumulation, and loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone. […] The major goals of medical management are to improve quality of life, slow progression of the disease, and treat obstructed airways to relieve hypoxia. Treatment is directed at improving ventilation, decreasing work of breathing and preventing infection. […] Maintaining a patent airway is a priority. Use a humidifier at night to help the patient mobilize secretions in the morning. […] Patient education is vital to long-term management. Teach the patient about the disease and its implications for lifestyle changes, such as avoidance of cigarette smoke and other irritants, activity alterations, and any necessary occupational changes.

• #24 8 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-care-plans/

  Management of patients with COPD should be incorporated with teaching and improving the respiratory status of the patient. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with COPD: Maintain airway patency. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain clear and patent airways, demonstrating effective breath sounds and the ability to effectively cough and clear secretions. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with COPD may include: Maintaining Patent Airway Clearance. […] The quantity and viscosity of sputum can obstruct the airway and impair pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange. Emphysema is a pathologic diagnosis defined by the permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. […] Encourage abdominal or pursed-lip breathing exercises.

• #25 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Emphysema is the enlargement and destruction of the alveolar, bronchial, and bronchiolar tissue with resultant loss of recoil, air trapping, thoracic overdistention, sputum accumulation, and loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone. […] The major goals of medical management are to improve quality of life, slow progression of the disease, and treat obstructed airways to relieve hypoxia. Treatment is directed at improving ventilation, decreasing work of breathing and preventing infection. […] Maintaining a patent airway is a priority. Use a humidifier at night to help the patient mobilize secretions in the morning. […] Patient education is vital to long-term management. Teach the patient about the disease and its implications for lifestyle changes, such as avoidance of cigarette smoke and other irritants, activity alterations, and any necessary occupational changes.

• #26 8 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-care-plans/

  Management of patients with COPD should be incorporated with teaching and improving the respiratory status of the patient. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with COPD: Maintain airway patency. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain clear and patent airways, demonstrating effective breath sounds and the ability to effectively cough and clear secretions. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with COPD may include: Maintaining Patent Airway Clearance. […] The quantity and viscosity of sputum can obstruct the airway and impair pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange. Emphysema is a pathologic diagnosis defined by the permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. […] Encourage abdominal or pursed-lip breathing exercises.

• #27 Nursing Management of COPD – The Nursiversity

  https://www.thenursiversity.com/nursing-management-of-copd/

  This leads to carbon dioxide retention, chronic respiratory acidosis, and decreased arterial oxygen. […] Emphysema can be panlobular, centrilobular, or paraseptal. It is associated with smoking or chronic exposure to irritating inhalants. […] Nursing interventions: Airway maintenance- most important to improve gas exchange. […] Teach the patient how to utilize diaphragmatic or abdominal and pursed-lip breathing during periods of dyspnea. […] Position the patient upright in the bed with the head of the bed elevated. […] Teach the patient to cough upon waking up in the morning, before mealtimes, and before bedtime. […] Monitor the consistency, color, odor, and amount of sputum produced. […] Utilize 2-4 L of oxygen per nasal cannula as needed and as prescribed. […] Encourage the patient to drink 2-3 L of fluid per day.

• #28 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Emphysema is a progressive lung disease characterized by alveoli (air sacs) damage, leading to decreased lung function and breathing difficulties. As a critical component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema requires comprehensive nursing care and detailed care planning. […] Nursing Care Plans for Emphysema […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane destruction as evidenced by dyspnea, abnormal arterial blood gases, and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Monitor respiratory status hourly. Rationale: Early detection of deterioration. 2. Position the patient in semi-Fowlers position. Rationale: Optimizes lung expansion. 3. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Rationale: Maintains adequate oxygenation. 4. Teach pursed-lip breathing. Rationale: Improves gas exchange. 5. Monitor ABG results. Rationale: Evaluates treatment effectiveness.

• #29 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #30 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The most successful treatment for most patients with emphysema is quitting smoking. Encourage the patient to commit and adhere to the smoking cessation treatment plan. […] Administer medications as ordered. These are the medications given to patients with emphysema: Bronchodilators, Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), Long-acting muscarinic agonists (LAMA), Anti-inflammatory therapy, Antibiotics, Mucolytic agents, Anticholinergics, Intravenous alpha1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy. […] Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Give supplemental oxygen to patients with severe resting hypoxemia or who experience desaturation during exercise or sleep. […] Patients who are symptomatic and in stable medical condition benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Outpatient or community-based treatment usually lasts eight weeks (two to three sessions per week).

• #31 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #32 Emphysema Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Smoking Cessation Interventions, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298283-treatment

  The goal of therapy is to relieve symptoms, prevent disease progression, improve exercise tolerance and health status, prevent and treat complications and exacerbations, and reduce mortality. Treatments should be added in a stepwise fashion to reach these goals. […] Smoking cessation is the single most effective therapy for most COPD patients. A smoking cessation plan is an essential part of a comprehensive treatment plan. […] Medical management generally includes the use of bronchodilators alone or in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors) and supportive care (eg, oxygen therapy, ventilatory support, pulmonary rehabilitation, palliative care). […] Bronchodilators are the backbone of any COPD treatment regimen. They work by dilating airways and thereby decreasing airflow resistance. This increases airflow and decreases dynamic hyperinflation. Lack of response of pulmonary function testing should not preclude their use.

• #33 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #34 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #35 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The most successful treatment for most patients with emphysema is quitting smoking. Encourage the patient to commit and adhere to the smoking cessation treatment plan. […] Administer medications as ordered. These are the medications given to patients with emphysema: Bronchodilators, Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), Long-acting muscarinic agonists (LAMA), Anti-inflammatory therapy, Antibiotics, Mucolytic agents, Anticholinergics, Intravenous alpha1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy. […] Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Give supplemental oxygen to patients with severe resting hypoxemia or who experience desaturation during exercise or sleep. […] Patients who are symptomatic and in stable medical condition benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Outpatient or community-based treatment usually lasts eight weeks (two to three sessions per week).

• #36 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  As the patient becomes less active and their activities of daily living become impacted by the disease, patients will typically become depressed. Anxiety is the result of not being able to catch their breath. Lower oxygen levels have also shown to impair mental function. It is important to manage their depression and anxiety appropriately to improve their quality of life. […] As the disease progresses there is less gas exchange occurring due to the destruction of alveoli. This results in CO2 being retained, and oxygen levels in the blood decreasing. […] Patients with emphysema typically become well compensated as the disease progresses. However, patients that are receiving supplemental oxygen can end-up in respiratory acidosis. The increase of oxygen being delivered can actually decrease the respiratory drive, resulting in more CO2 retention. Monitor these patients closely.

• #37 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The most successful treatment for most patients with emphysema is quitting smoking. Encourage the patient to commit and adhere to the smoking cessation treatment plan. […] Administer medications as ordered. These are the medications given to patients with emphysema: Bronchodilators, Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), Long-acting muscarinic agonists (LAMA), Anti-inflammatory therapy, Antibiotics, Mucolytic agents, Anticholinergics, Intravenous alpha1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy. […] Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Give supplemental oxygen to patients with severe resting hypoxemia or who experience desaturation during exercise or sleep. […] Patients who are symptomatic and in stable medical condition benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Outpatient or community-based treatment usually lasts eight weeks (two to three sessions per week).

• #38 Emphysema | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/emphysema

  influenza vaccination (yearly) and pneumococcal vaccination to protect against certain types of respiratory infection. […] A person with emphysema can take part in a respiratory rehabilitation program, commonly known as pulmonary rehab. These programs provide information and education on emphysema, introduce people to a supervised exercise program proven to improve emphysema symptoms, improve lung function through specific breathing exercises, teach stress management techniques, offer advice on adapting to life with emphysema, provide emotional support through shared experiences. […] If a person with emphysema is found to have exceptionally low levels of oxygen in their blood, they will be given oxygen to use at home.

• #39 Emphysema | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/emphysema

  UCSF offers comprehensive evaluations and care for all types of COPD. When treating emphysema, we aim to ease symptoms, slow progression of the disease and prevent complications. […] The goal of therapy for emphysema is to provide relief of symptoms, prevent complications and slow the progression of the disease. Quitting smoking is also essential for patients with emphysema, since continuing to use tobacco will only further damage the lungs. Our Tobacco Education Center offers classes as well as individual consultations with doctors trained in treating tobacco addiction. We help smokers maximize the likelihood of success in their efforts to quit. […] An important part of emphysema treatment is pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes education, nutrition counseling, learning special breathing techniques, help with quitting smoking and starting an exercise regimen. Because people with emphysema are often physically limited, they may avoid any kind of physical activity. However, regular physical activity can actually improve a patient’s health and wellbeing.

• #40 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #41 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #42 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Encourage the patient to use controlled coughing to clear secretions that might have collected in the lungs during sleep. […] Elevation of the head of the bed facilitates respiratory function by use of gravity; however, patient in severe distress will seek the position that most eases breathing. […] Pursed-lip breathing is a technique often used by emphysema patients to improve exhalation and prevent airway collapse, as it creates back pressure in the airways, helping to keep them open for more effective gas exchange. […] The presence of a barrel chest is a physical characteristic commonly seen in emphysema patients due to the chronic overinflation of the lungs. […] Emphysema is a chronic, progressive lung disease that is part of the broader condition known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Unfortunately, there is no complete cure for emphysema. […] The leading cause of emphysema is not environmental air pollutants but cigarette smoking. […] In emphysema, the alveoli are damaged, leading to air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs. This chronic hyperinflation alters the mechanics of the chest wall, leading to a barrel chest.

• #43 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  Nursing Management Breathing Retraining Pulsed lip breathing Diaphragmatic breathing Effective coughing Chest physiotherapy Postural drainage Nebulization therapy […] Nursing Diagnosis Impaired gas exchange related to impaired ventilation. Ineffective airway clearance due to ineffective coughing and large amount of secretions. Impaired nutrition due to less in take with diseased appetite due to medication and anxiety. Anxiety due to breathing problem and fear of suffocation. Activity intolerance related to dyspnoea. Sleep Disturbance related to breathing difficulty. […] […] […] Management Pharmacological Management Beta-agonists for relaxation of clearances smooth muscles mucociliary Anti cholinergic for relaxation of bronchial smooth musk. Bronchodilators Albuterol – Formoterol – Salmeterol Corticosteroid aerosol spray. Oxygen Therapy To improve oxygen delivery to lungs. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Supportive measures for smoking cessation. – Breathing exercises – Spiro metric exercises Nutritional Therapy Balanced diet Postural drainage helps to remove the section

• #44 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Risk for infection related to impaired mucociliary clearance. […] Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 levels at 88-92%, ensuring the patients oxygen requirements are met without suppressing respiratory drive. […] Ensure timely administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucolytic agents. Educate the patient on proper inhaler techniques. […] Provide counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and referrals to smoking cessation programs. […] Encourage participation in rehabilitation programs that focus on breathing exercises, physical conditioning, and disease management strategies. […] Assist the patient to a high Fowlers position to ease breathing and improve lung expansion. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to promote more effective ventilation and reduce dyspnea.

• #45 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  To decrease fluid shifting to the posterior part of the lungs and decreasing gas exchange it is important to place these patients in a high Fowlers position. Patients feel most comfortable in this position, and typically sleep in a chair. […] Good nutrition is vital for these patients; because of the increased work, the body requires to maintain adequate respiration. Maintaining a high calorie, high protein diet will also help in weight loss and fatigue.

• #46 Emphysema – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/emphysema_1545

  To decrease fluid shifting to the posterior part of the lungs and decreasing gas exchange it is important to place these patients in a high Fowlers position. Patients feel most comfortable in this position, and typically sleep in a chair. […] Good nutrition is vital for these patients; because of the increased work, the body requires to maintain adequate respiration. Maintaining a high calorie, high protein diet will also help in weight loss and fatigue.

• #47 Nursing Management of COPD – The Nursiversity

  https://www.thenursiversity.com/nursing-management-of-copd/

  Encourage the patient to eat high-calorie, high-protein foods. […] According to NANDA-I, the following are potential nursing diagnoses for a patient with COPD: Ineffective Airway Clearance. […] Nursing interventions: The nurse will monitor respiratory patterns (rate, depth, and effort) every 2 hours (to identify if the airway is improving or declining). […] The nurse will position the head of the bed at 45 degrees (to maximize lung expansion). […] The nurse will assist the patient in controlled breathing and coughing. […] The nurse will encourage the patient to drink 2-3 L of fluid daily (to help thin the secretions and make them easier to clear). […] The nurse will administer prescribed medications such as bronchodilators, mucolytics, corticosteroids (to help open the airways and make the secretions easier to clear). […] The nurse will observe sputum when it is produced- note the color, amount, and odor (to identify normal vs abnormal sputum).

• #48 COPD & Emphysema: Causes and Treatment | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/emphysema-and-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  Proper nutrition is critical for emphysema patients. Weight loss, which is common in patients with advanced emphysema, can be caused by inadequate food intake in individuals too short of breath to eat. However, most weight loss in COPD patients is due to the increased metabolic demand of respiratory muscles that are overworked because of emphysema damage. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation has clear benefits for patients with COPD. Exercise increases endurance, improves shortness of breath, increases maximal oxygen consumption, and improves quality of life. Numerous studies have documented improvement in symptoms, maximum oxygen consumption, and quality-of-life measures. A decrease in the number of hospitalizations has also been shown in patients who participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

• #49 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #50 Emphysema | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/emphysema

  influenza vaccination (yearly) and pneumococcal vaccination to protect against certain types of respiratory infection. […] A person with emphysema can take part in a respiratory rehabilitation program, commonly known as pulmonary rehab. These programs provide information and education on emphysema, introduce people to a supervised exercise program proven to improve emphysema symptoms, improve lung function through specific breathing exercises, teach stress management techniques, offer advice on adapting to life with emphysema, provide emotional support through shared experiences. […] If a person with emphysema is found to have exceptionally low levels of oxygen in their blood, they will be given oxygen to use at home.

• #51 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Emphysema is the enlargement and destruction of the alveolar, bronchial, and bronchiolar tissue with resultant loss of recoil, air trapping, thoracic overdistention, sputum accumulation, and loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone. […] The major goals of medical management are to improve quality of life, slow progression of the disease, and treat obstructed airways to relieve hypoxia. Treatment is directed at improving ventilation, decreasing work of breathing and preventing infection. […] Maintaining a patent airway is a priority. Use a humidifier at night to help the patient mobilize secretions in the morning. […] Patient education is vital to long-term management. Teach the patient about the disease and its implications for lifestyle changes, such as avoidance of cigarette smoke and other irritants, activity alterations, and any necessary occupational changes.

• #52 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #53 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for emphysema, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] Chronic dyspnea, especially with exertion, is a common feature of emphysema and can ultimately lead to reduced physical ability. […] Patients with emphysema need health-related education to support them in managing their illness and preventing further complications. […] Damaged alveoli in emphysema lead to a reduced surface area for gas exchange. […] An emphysema exacerbation may deteriorate requiring invasive measures to preserve ventilation. […] The damaged air sacs cause shortness of breath and reduce airway clearance.

• #54 Emphysema Nursing Care Plan & Management

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/emphysema/

  Emphysema is the enlargement and destruction of the alveolar, bronchial, and bronchiolar tissue with resultant loss of recoil, air trapping, thoracic overdistention, sputum accumulation, and loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone. […] The major goals of medical management are to improve quality of life, slow progression of the disease, and treat obstructed airways to relieve hypoxia. Treatment is directed at improving ventilation, decreasing work of breathing and preventing infection. […] Maintaining a patent airway is a priority. Use a humidifier at night to help the patient mobilize secretions in the morning. […] Patient education is vital to long-term management. Teach the patient about the disease and its implications for lifestyle changes, such as avoidance of cigarette smoke and other irritants, activity alterations, and any necessary occupational changes.

• #55 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The most successful treatment for most patients with emphysema is quitting smoking. Encourage the patient to commit and adhere to the smoking cessation treatment plan. […] Administer medications as ordered. These are the medications given to patients with emphysema: Bronchodilators, Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), Long-acting muscarinic agonists (LAMA), Anti-inflammatory therapy, Antibiotics, Mucolytic agents, Anticholinergics, Intravenous alpha1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy. […] Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed. Give supplemental oxygen to patients with severe resting hypoxemia or who experience desaturation during exercise or sleep. […] Patients who are symptomatic and in stable medical condition benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Outpatient or community-based treatment usually lasts eight weeks (two to three sessions per week).

• #56 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #57 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #58 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #59 COPD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  COPD is a chronic and progressive disease. Hospice and palliative care are vital services to improve the quality of life through symptom management. […] COPD exacerbations refer to a worsening in symptoms for days or weeks and often require hospitalization. Respiratory infections, pollution, and allergies can cause a flare-up. If the patient notices an increase in coughing, dyspnea, changes in sputum, and difficulty sleeping they should contact their provider. […] Quitting smoking is crucial for optimal lung function and in reducing the risk of mortality. Assist the patient in setting a quit date, locating support programs, and utilizing nicotine-replacement therapy. […] Mucolytic medications reduce the viscosity of sputum and enhance secretion clearance. Clear the airway by teaching the patient huff coughing or suction through a machine. […] Huff coughing is a method used in patients with COPD to loosen and force mucus through the airways without collapsing the airways.

• #60 COPD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  COPD is a chronic and progressive disease. Hospice and palliative care are vital services to improve the quality of life through symptom management. […] COPD exacerbations refer to a worsening in symptoms for days or weeks and often require hospitalization. Respiratory infections, pollution, and allergies can cause a flare-up. If the patient notices an increase in coughing, dyspnea, changes in sputum, and difficulty sleeping they should contact their provider. […] Quitting smoking is crucial for optimal lung function and in reducing the risk of mortality. Assist the patient in setting a quit date, locating support programs, and utilizing nicotine-replacement therapy. […] Mucolytic medications reduce the viscosity of sputum and enhance secretion clearance. Clear the airway by teaching the patient huff coughing or suction through a machine. […] Huff coughing is a method used in patients with COPD to loosen and force mucus through the airways without collapsing the airways.

• #61 Emphysema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561

  When exacerbations occur, you may need added medicines, such as antibiotics, oral steroids or both. You also may need supplemental oxygen or treatment in the hospital. […] Depending on the severity of your emphysema, your healthcare professional may suggest one or more different types of surgery, including: Lung volume reduction surgery, Endoscopic lung volume reduction, Bullectomy, Lung transplant. […] For adults with emphysema related to AAT deficiency, treatment options include those used for people with more-common types of emphysema. Some people can be treated by also replacing the missing AAT protein. This may stop more damage to the lungs. […] If you have emphysema, you can take steps to slow how fast it worsens and to protect yourself from complications: Stop smoking. This is the most important step you can take for your overall health. […] Talk to your healthcare professional or respiratory therapist about techniques to manage your breathing so it’s easier to breathe throughout the day. […] Stay with your appointment schedule, even if you’re feeling fine. It’s important to regularly monitor your lung function.

• #62 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-emphysema

  To stay healthy, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and get enough sleep. […] Take your medicines just as directed. Dont skip doses. […] If you use oxygen, use it correctly. That means how much you use. And how long you use it. Ask your provider about long-term oxygen therapy. […] Ask your provider to show you pursed-lip breathing. This can help decrease shortness of breath. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. […] Call your provider right away if you have any of these: Coughing gets worse, Increased mucus or yellow, green, bloody, or smelly mucus, Fever of 100.4F (38C) or higher, or as advised by your provider, Chills, Swollen ankles, Trouble doing your normal activities. […] Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath, wheezing, or trouble breathing that doesn’t get better with treatment, Tightness in your chest that doesn’t go away with your normal medicines, An irregular heartbeat or feeling that your heart is racing, Trouble talking, Feeling faint or lightheaded, Feeling of doom, Skin turning blue, gray, or purple in color.

• #63 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-emphysema

  To stay healthy, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and get enough sleep. […] Take your medicines just as directed. Dont skip doses. […] If you use oxygen, use it correctly. That means how much you use. And how long you use it. Ask your provider about long-term oxygen therapy. […] Ask your provider to show you pursed-lip breathing. This can help decrease shortness of breath. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. […] Call your provider right away if you have any of these: Coughing gets worse, Increased mucus or yellow, green, bloody, or smelly mucus, Fever of 100.4F (38C) or higher, or as advised by your provider, Chills, Swollen ankles, Trouble doing your normal activities. […] Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath, wheezing, or trouble breathing that doesn’t get better with treatment, Tightness in your chest that doesn’t go away with your normal medicines, An irregular heartbeat or feeling that your heart is racing, Trouble talking, Feeling faint or lightheaded, Feeling of doom, Skin turning blue, gray, or purple in color.

• #64 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-emphysema

  To stay healthy, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and get enough sleep. […] Take your medicines just as directed. Dont skip doses. […] If you use oxygen, use it correctly. That means how much you use. And how long you use it. Ask your provider about long-term oxygen therapy. […] Ask your provider to show you pursed-lip breathing. This can help decrease shortness of breath. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. […] Call your provider right away if you have any of these: Coughing gets worse, Increased mucus or yellow, green, bloody, or smelly mucus, Fever of 100.4F (38C) or higher, or as advised by your provider, Chills, Swollen ankles, Trouble doing your normal activities. […] Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath, wheezing, or trouble breathing that doesn’t get better with treatment, Tightness in your chest that doesn’t go away with your normal medicines, An irregular heartbeat or feeling that your heart is racing, Trouble talking, Feeling faint or lightheaded, Feeling of doom, Skin turning blue, gray, or purple in color.

• #65 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema

  https://umassmemorial.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Healthsheets/3,S,86332

  Call 911 if you have: Shortness of breath, wheezing, or trouble breathing that doesn’t get better with treatment, Tightness in your chest that doesn’t go away with your normal medicines, An irregular heartbeat or feeling that your heart is racing, Trouble talking, Feeling faint or lightheaded, Feeling of doom, Skin turning blue, gray, or purple in color.

• #66 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  Patients with emphysema often require long-term care focused on managing chronic symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and promoting independence in daily activities. […] Monitor for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use, and tachypnea. […] Regularly assess oxygen levels using pulse oximetry and titrate supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Auscultate for wheezes, crackles, or diminished breath sounds, which may indicate airway obstruction or infection. […] Assess the patients readiness to quit smoking and offer resources for cessation. […] Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar destruction and decreased lung capacity. […] Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production and weakened respiratory muscles. […] Activity intolerance related to decreased oxygenation and dyspnea.

• #67 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-emphysema

  You’ve been diagnosed with emphysema. This is one of the 2 main types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It’s a lung disease that limits air flow in and out of your lungs. This makes breathing harder. Emphysema is most often caused by heavy, long-time cigarette smoking. […] If you smoke, get help to quit. […] Look into a pulmonary rehab program. Community-based and home-based programs work as well as hospital-based programs. They just need to be held as often and be as intense. Standard home-based pulmonary rehab programs help with shortness of breath in people with COPD. Traditional, supervised pulmonary rehab is the best choice for people with COPD. These programs help manage your disease. They do this by helping with breathing methods, exercise, support, and counseling.

• #68 Discharge Instructions for Emphysema

  https://umassmemorial.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Healthsheets/3,S,86332

  You’ve been diagnosed with emphysema. This is one of the 2 main types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It’s a lung disease that limits air flow in and out of your lungs. This makes breathing harder. Emphysema is most often caused by heavy, long-time cigarette smoking. […] If you smoke, get help to quit. […] Look into a pulmonary rehab program. Community-based and home-based programs work as well as hospital-based programs. They just need to be held as often and be as intense. Standard home-based pulmonary rehab programs help with shortness of breath in people with COPD. Traditional, supervised pulmonary rehab is the best choice for people with COPD. These programs help manage your disease. They do this by helping with breathing methods, exercise, support, and counseling. Ask your healthcare provider or call your local hospital to find one. Also talk with your provider about which rehab or self-management program is best for you.

• #69 COPD: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  COPD is a chronic and progressive disease. Hospice and palliative care are vital services to improve the quality of life through symptom management. […] COPD exacerbations refer to a worsening in symptoms for days or weeks and often require hospitalization. Respiratory infections, pollution, and allergies can cause a flare-up. If the patient notices an increase in coughing, dyspnea, changes in sputum, and difficulty sleeping they should contact their provider. […] Quitting smoking is crucial for optimal lung function and in reducing the risk of mortality. Assist the patient in setting a quit date, locating support programs, and utilizing nicotine-replacement therapy. […] Mucolytic medications reduce the viscosity of sputum and enhance secretion clearance. Clear the airway by teaching the patient huff coughing or suction through a machine. […] Huff coughing is a method used in patients with COPD to loosen and force mucus through the airways without collapsing the airways.

• #70 COPD & Emphysema: Causes and Treatment | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/emphysema-and-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  If medical treatment does not alleviate the symptoms of COPD, or symptoms and exacerbations increase, surgery may be an option. However, in order to be a candidate for surgery, there are specific criteria. These include not being a current smoker, participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, and being strong enough to receive surgery.

• #71 Emphysema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561

  When exacerbations occur, you may need added medicines, such as antibiotics, oral steroids or both. You also may need supplemental oxygen or treatment in the hospital. […] Depending on the severity of your emphysema, your healthcare professional may suggest one or more different types of surgery, including: Lung volume reduction surgery, Endoscopic lung volume reduction, Bullectomy, Lung transplant. […] For adults with emphysema related to AAT deficiency, treatment options include those used for people with more-common types of emphysema. Some people can be treated by also replacing the missing AAT protein. This may stop more damage to the lungs. […] If you have emphysema, you can take steps to slow how fast it worsens and to protect yourself from complications: Stop smoking. This is the most important step you can take for your overall health. […] Talk to your healthcare professional or respiratory therapist about techniques to manage your breathing so it’s easier to breathe throughout the day. […] Stay with your appointment schedule, even if you’re feeling fine. It’s important to regularly monitor your lung function.

• #72 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  […] […] Surgical Management 1) Lung volume reduction surgery In this surgery the diseased part of the lungs (30%) will be removed so that the remaining healthy lung tissue can perform better. Types Median sternotomy Video assisted thoracoscopy Bronchoscope surgery. 1) Bullectomy In case of presence of large Bulla. It is performed through bronchoscopy. 1) Lung Transplantation It is the procedure in which the diseased lungs totally removed and door lung will be transplanted.

• #73 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  […] […] Surgical Management 1) Lung volume reduction surgery In this surgery the diseased part of the lungs (30%) will be removed so that the remaining healthy lung tissue can perform better. Types Median sternotomy Video assisted thoracoscopy Bronchoscope surgery. 1) Bullectomy In case of presence of large Bulla. It is performed through bronchoscopy. 1) Lung Transplantation It is the procedure in which the diseased lungs totally removed and door lung will be transplanted.

• #74 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-emphysema-ppt/269663291

  […] […] Surgical Management 1) Lung volume reduction surgery In this surgery the diseased part of the lungs (30%) will be removed so that the remaining healthy lung tissue can perform better. Types Median sternotomy Video assisted thoracoscopy Bronchoscope surgery. 1) Bullectomy In case of presence of large Bulla. It is performed through bronchoscopy. 1) Lung Transplantation It is the procedure in which the diseased lungs totally removed and door lung will be transplanted.

• #75 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/emphysema/?srsltid=AfmBOorU3OMZ4x3tGg8-OIzNjUadLnNp6Pd-ZQfh4onPbny9gAXX1NOo

  The patient will demonstrate improved gas exchange, as evidenced by stable oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea. […] The patient will effectively clear secretions and maintain patent airways. […] The patient will participate in activities of daily living with minimal assistance. […] The patient will remain free from respiratory infections and exacerbations. […] Educate the patient and family about the critical importance of quitting smoking. Provide resources for counseling and support groups. […] Instruct the patient on the correct use of inhalers, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. Ensure they understand the need for regular medication adherence to prevent exacerbations. […] Teach techniques like pursed-lip breathing to help the patient manage breathlessness during activities. […] Advise the patient on proper hand hygiene, vaccinations (influenza and pneumococcal), and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections.

• #76 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: Patient maintains oxygen saturation 90%. Demonstrates improved breathing pattern. Reports decreased dyspnea. Shows normal breath sounds. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Activity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidenced by dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Assess activity tolerance. Rationale: Establishes baseline and limitations. 2. Plan activities with rest periods. Rationale: Prevents exhaustion. 3. Teach energy conservation techniques. Rationale: Maximizes available energy. 4. Implement a progressive activity program. Rationale: Builds endurance safely. 5. Monitor vital signs during activity. Rationale: Ensures safe exercise levels. […] Desired Outcomes: Participates in daily activities without severe dyspnea. Maintains stable vital signs during activity. Uses energy conservation techniques effectively. Reports improved exercise tolerance.

• #77 Emphysema Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to hyperinflation of alveoli as evidenced by dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, and prolonged expiration phase. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: 1. Assess breathing patterns hourly. Rationale: Monitors respiratory status. 2. Teach breathing exercises. Rationale: Improves respiratory efficiency. 3. Demonstrate relaxation techniques. Rationale: Reduces anxiety and dyspnea. 4. Position for optimal breathing. Rationale: Facilitates respiratory function. 5. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed. Rationale: Reduces airway resistance. […] Desired Outcomes: Demonstrates effective breathing techniques. Shows decreased use of accessory muscles. Reports reduced dyspnea. Maintains normal respiratory rate. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Knowledge Deficit related to lack of exposure to information about emphysema management as evidenced by verbalization of questions and incorrect performance of techniques.

• #78 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Emphysema is a lung disease that gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli). Over time, the sacs weaken and rupture, reducing the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen reaching the bloodstream, which results in dyspnea. […] There is no cure for emphysema, but symptoms can be managed through medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, surgery, and smoking cessation. […] Because emphysema is a progressive disease, the nursing role is crucial in long-term support. Nurses can deliver interventions that aim at reducing symptoms and preventing complications. Educating the patient about the disease process and how to slow progression will aid in improved quality of life. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with emphysema.

• #79 Emphysema: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9370-emphysema

  Emphysema can worsen over time, so treatment focuses on slowing emphysema down and maximizing the function of your remaining healthy lung. The type of treatment depends on the severity of your emphysema. […] Treatment options may include: Quitting smoking. If you smoke, the best way to slow down emphysema is to quit. Its the most important step you can take to protect your lungs. You and your healthcare provider can work together to find the best, most effective methods to quit smoking. […] If you have emphysema, the best way to prevent or reduce further problems is to quit smoking and avoid respiratory infections. […] Your expectations depend on the severity of your emphysema. […] There isnt a cure for emphysema. Even if you quit smoking, your lungs wont be able to heal the existing damage. However, you can slow emphysema down with treatment. Your quality of life will be better the earlier you start emphysema treatment.

• #80 Emphysema: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/emphysema-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Emphysema is a lung disease that gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli). Over time, the sacs weaken and rupture, reducing the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen reaching the bloodstream, which results in dyspnea. […] There is no cure for emphysema, but symptoms can be managed through medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, surgery, and smoking cessation. […] Because emphysema is a progressive disease, the nursing role is crucial in long-term support. Nurses can deliver interventions that aim at reducing symptoms and preventing complications. Educating the patient about the disease process and how to slow progression will aid in improved quality of life. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with emphysema.

• #81 Emphysema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561

  When exacerbations occur, you may need added medicines, such as antibiotics, oral steroids or both. You also may need supplemental oxygen or treatment in the hospital. […] Depending on the severity of your emphysema, your healthcare professional may suggest one or more different types of surgery, including: Lung volume reduction surgery, Endoscopic lung volume reduction, Bullectomy, Lung transplant. […] For adults with emphysema related to AAT deficiency, treatment options include those used for people with more-common types of emphysema. Some people can be treated by also replacing the missing AAT protein. This may stop more damage to the lungs. […] If you have emphysema, you can take steps to slow how fast it worsens and to protect yourself from complications: Stop smoking. This is the most important step you can take for your overall health. […] Talk to your healthcare professional or respiratory therapist about techniques to manage your breathing so it’s easier to breathe throughout the day. […] Stay with your appointment schedule, even if you’re feeling fine. It’s important to regularly monitor your lung function.

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