Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Emphysema – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/symptoms-causes/syc-20355555

  To prevent emphysema or to keep symptoms from getting worse: […] Don’t smoke. Talk to your healthcare professional about options for quitting. […] Stay away from secondhand smoke. […] Wear a special mask or use other measures to protect your lungs if you work with chemical fumes, vapors or dust. […] Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke and air pollution when possible.

• #2 Emphysema | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/emphysema

  Emphysema is generally caused by cigarette smoking or long-term exposure to certain industrial pollutants or dusts. […] While damaged airways dont regenerate and there is no cure, emphysema is preventable and treatable. […] Stopping smoking immediately and completely this is the most effective treatment for COPD and emphysema. […] Avoiding other air pollutants. […] A person with emphysema can take part in a respiratory rehabilitation program, commonly known as pulmonary rehab. […] These programs provide information and education on emphysema. […] To find out about a program near you, call Lung Foundation Australia. […] Influenza vaccination (yearly) and pneumococcal vaccination to protect against certain types of respiratory infection.

• #3 Emphysema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482217/

  Preventing emphysema primarily involves smoking cessation, as quitting tobacco significantly reduces the risk of developing the disease. […] Vaccinating against Pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae can help protect individuals from respiratory infections that may exacerbate lung damage.

• #4 Emphysema: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/copd/guide/emphysema/

  Emphysema is considered one of the most preventable respiratory diseases because cigarette smoking is its leading cause. About 85 to 90 percent of all COPD cases in high-income countries are caused by cigarette smoking, according to the American Lung Association (ALA). […] The most important step you can take to curb the diseases progress is to quit smoking, says the ALA. […] The best way to avoid emphysema and COPD is to quit smoking and avoid other causes, such as air pollution. Eating a healthy diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy body weight are also great preventive measures.

• #5 Prevention Is Still the Best Way to Manage This Disease | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/chronic-pulmonary-disorders/asthma/prevention-is-still-the-best-way-to-manage-this-disease/

  Emphysema is a general term that refers to a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by shortness of breath, coughing, sputum production, airflow limitation, and impaired gas exchange. […] Cigarette smoking is by far the most important risk factor for emphysema (80% of all cases). […] Patients with emphysema should be encouraged to have annual influenza vaccinations. Some authorities also recommend vaccination against pneumococcal disease. […] Smoking cessation is perhaps the single most important nonpharmacologic therapy. […] Surveillance programs are a keystone for prevention. […] Measures to encourage smokers to quit, and young people not to start smoking in the first place, offer perhaps the greatest opportunity for reducing the prevalence of chronic lung disease. […] Finally, particular care is required to avoid the exposure of young children to high levels of pollution, whether of outdoor or indoor origin.

• #6 Emphysema: Symptoms, stages, causes, treatments, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8934

  Avoiding or quitting smoking is the best way to prevent emphysema from developing or getting worse. […] Other strategies include: eating a healthful diet, establishing and maintaining a moderate weight, avoiding air pollution, if possible, taking steps to prevent infection, such as receiving routine vaccinations.

• #7 Emphysema Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/emphysema_lung_condition/article.htm

  The first treatment for patients with emphysema is smoking cessation if they are currently smoking tobacco. This is a difficult lifestyle change for many patients, and without support from their doctors, family members, and friends; this most important treatment will likely fail. The best way to accomplish this difficult task is outlined in the „quitting smoking” section. […] Quitting smoking is the most effective therapy for people with emphysema. Consequently, successful cessation is a major goal for people with COPD/emphysema. This goal usually can be reached with cooperation between the doctor, patient, family members, and friends. Quitting smoking usually requires patient education about the risks of smoking, methods to help the patient quit smoking (including a target date to quit), and follow-up support.

• #8 Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-treatments-beyond-the-basics

  Quitting smoking — The first and most important part of any treatment plan for COPD is to stop smoking. This is true regardless of how advanced your disease is. Stopping smoking can help slow progression of COPD, no matter how long you have had it. Quitting smoking can be challenging, but your health care provider can help. […] Preventing and treating infections — Getting sick with a respiratory infection can lead to COPD exacerbations. Getting all of your recommended vaccines is an important part of managing your COPD. This includes: […] If you do get sick with an infection, your health care provider may prescribe medication. If you have severe symptoms or your infection is likely bacterial, you might get antibiotics; however, these are not helpful in all situations, as most respiratory infections are caused by viruses, not bacteria.

• #9 Emphysema Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/emphysema_lung_condition/article.htm

  Many people may benefit from both self-help and group smoking cessation programs. Patients need to understand that nicotine is responsible for their addiction to smoking and may benefit from a program that allows them to slowly withdraw from nicotine addiction. There are several types of pharmacological interventions such as nicotine chewing gum, transdermal nicotine patches, and other treatments such as varenicline (Chantix) and Zyban that may be used to help the patient overcome their nicotine addiction. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation involves methods to improve the patient’s quality of life by keeping airways open and preventing or reducing secondary complications such as infections and recurrent respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary rehabilitation involves input from doctors and nurses, dietitians, respiratory therapists, exercise physiologists, and many others. […] The goal of pulmonary rehabilitation is to educate the patient and family about the disease process, encourage routine exercise increasing in graded increments, smoking cessation, medications and medical management, respiratory and chest physiotherapy, and exercises to improve breathing.

• #10 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/chronic/copd/fact_sheet.htm

  Do not smoke. If you smoke, quit. For help: Talk to your health care provider. Treatment, including medications, can double or triple your chances of quitting for good. For additional assistance and support, contact the New York State Smokers’ Quitline at 1-866-NYQUITS (1-866-697-8487). […] Avoid exposure to air pollutants, including secondhand smoke.

• #11

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/treatment/

  There’s currently no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but treatment can help slow the progression of the condition and control the symptoms. […] stopping smoking if you have COPD and you smoke, this is the most important thing you can do […] If you smoke, stopping is the most effective way to prevent COPD getting worse. […] Although any damage done to your lungs and airways cannot be reversed, giving up smoking can help prevent further damage. […] This may be all the treatment that’s needed in the early stages of COPD, but it’s never too late to stop even people with more advanced COPD will benefit from quitting. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation is a specialised programme of exercise and education designed to help people with lung problems such as COPD. […] It can help improve how much exercise you’re able to do before you feel out of breath, as well as your symptoms, self-confidence and emotional wellbeing. […] Long-term oxygen treatment should be used for at least 15 hours a day. […] Do not smoke when using oxygen. The increased level of oxygen is highly flammable and a lit cigarette could cause a fire or explosion.

• #12 Emphysema | Emphysema Symptoms | Emphysema Treatment | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html

  Since smoking causes most cases of emphysema, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It’s also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.

• #13 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

  Most cases of COPD can be prevented by reducing exposure to risk factors such as smoking and indoor and outdoor pollutants. […] Stopping smoking is the only measure shown to slow down the worsening of COPD. […] Smoking bans in public areas and places of work are important measures to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and while many places have instituted bans, more are recommended. […] A number of measures have been taken to reduce the likelihood that workers in at-risk industries such as coal mining, construction and stonemasonry will develop COPD. […] Both indoor and outdoor air quality can be improved, which may prevent COPD or slow the worsening of existing disease. […] In developing countries one key effort is to reduce exposure to smoke from cooking and heating fuels through improved ventilation of homes and better stoves and chimneys.

• #14 Smoking and COPD | Overviews of Diseases/Conditions | Tips From Former Smokers | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/copd.html

  The best way to prevent COPD is to never start smoking, and if you do smoke, to quit. […] Talk with your doctor or other health care professional about resources that can help you quit, like counseling and medication. […] Also, stay away from secondhand smoke, which is smoke from burning tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, hookah, or pipes. […] Avoid tobacco smoke and other air pollutants at home and at work.

• #15 Emphysema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/what-is-emphysema

  The most important thing you can do to prevent emphysema is not smoking. If you smoke now and are ready to quit, talk to your doctor and make a plan. […] Other things you can do: […] Avoid secondhand smoke. […] Avoid air pollution, chemical fumes, dust, pollen, and pet dander. […] Wear a mask if you work with chemical fumes or dust.

• #16 Emphysema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561

  Stop smoking. This is the most important step you can take for your overall health. Continuing to smoke can cause more damage to your lungs and worsen emphysema. If you need help giving up smoking, join a stop-smoking program or talk to your healthcare professional about ways to quit. As much as possible, avoid secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke may add to lung damage. […] Avoid triggers. These include fumes from paint and automobile exhaust, some cooking odors, certain perfumes, and even burning candles and incense. Change furnace and air conditioner filters regularly to limit pollutants. Get your house checked for radon. Air pollution also can irritate your lungs, so check daily air quality forecasts before going out. Figure out what may trigger exacerbations for you and avoid them as much as possible.

• #17 Prevention of Asthma and COPD | Respiratory Health Portal

  https://www.howdenmedicalcentre.nhs.uk/respiratory-portal-prevention-of-asthma-and-copd-howden-medical-centre.html

  Preventing asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) focuses on reducing the risk of developing these conditions and minimising factors that can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] COPD is largely a preventable condition. You can significantly reduce your chances of developing it if you avoid smoking. […] Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce your risk and slow disease progression. […] Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections to prevent respiratory infections that can lead to COPD exacerbations. […] Reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, and harmful chemicals in the workplace or home. […] Maintain a healthy diet, stay active, and manage stress to keep your immune system strong and reduce the risk of infections. […] If you work in an environment with dust, fumes, or other lung irritants, use recommended protective equipment such as masks or respirators.

• #18 Best Emphysema Treatment in Delhi, India | Types, Symptoms & Causes | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/pulmonology/conditions-treatments/emphysema-treatment

  Preventing emphysema largely revolves around reducing risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle. While some risk factors, like genetic predisposition, cannot be changed, there are several key steps that can significantly reduce the risk of developing emphysema: […] Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema. Avoiding tobacco use, including cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, is the most effective way to prevent emphysema. If you smoke, quitting is the best way to protect your lungs and overall health. […] Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke, as it can also contribute to lung damage and increase the risk of emphysema. […] Ensure good ventilation in your home and workplace. Use air purifiers to reduce indoor pollutants like dust, chemicals, and fumes. […] If you work in an environment with airborne irritants (such as chemical fumes, dust, or smoke), use protective equipment like masks and ensure proper ventilation to minimise exposure.

• #19 Emphysema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561

  Avoid respiratory infections. Do your best to stay away from people who have a cold or the flu. If you must be with large groups of people during cold and flu season, wear a face mask. Also wash your hands often and carry a small bottle of alcohol-based hand sanitizer to use when needed. And be sure to get your annual flu vaccine in the fall to help prevent infections that can worsen your emphysema. Ask when you need the pneumococcal vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines.

• #20 COPD: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  The best way to prevent COPD is to avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and other pollutants that can damage your lungs. […] You can reduce your risk of infections by: Getting all of your recommended vaccinations, including flu, pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19. […] Washing your hands frequently. […] Disinfecting surfaces. […] Wearing a mask around others if your provider recommends it. […] Avoiding crowded places, especially during cold and flu season and when cases of COVID are high.

• #21 About COPD | COPD | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/copd/about/index.html

  To lower your risk of COPD: […] Stop smoking. […] Avoid inhaling cigarette smoke. […] Limit time in places with bad air quality. […] Getting diagnosed early allows you to manage and treat COPD, so you can prevent it from getting worse. […] Quit smoking. For smokers with COPD, the most important part of treatment is to stop smoking. […] Respiratory disease vaccines can help prevent illness. These vaccines include: […] COVID-19. […] Flu (influenza). […] Pneumococcal.

• #22

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)

  COPD is not curable but symptoms can improve if one avoids smoking and exposure to air pollution and gets vaccines to prevent infections. […] COPD isn’t curable, but it can get better by not smoking, avoiding air pollution and getting vaccines. […] Quit smoking or vaping. This is the most important thing to do. Even if you have been smoking for many years, quitting can still help. […] Avoid second-hand smoke or smoke from indoor cooking fires. […] Protect yourself from lung infections: Get a flu vaccine every year. Get the pneumonia vaccine. Get all available COVID-19 vaccines and make sure you have had the latest boosters. […] Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of COPD and disease management.

• #23 National Emphysema Foundation – PREVENTION

  https://www.emphysemafoundation.org/index.php/prevention/84-prevention-articles

  Flu Shot May Be a COPD Lifesaver […] The flu vaccine may sincerely be a lifesaver for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). […] Seasonal flu shots are recommended for the general public, especially individuals over 65, but most important as a health precaution for anyone diagnosed with a respiratory condition, including COPD. […] Flu vaccines have the potential to reduce flu-related hospitalizations and improve the outcome of illness in patients with COPD. […] How Your Everyday Diet Affects Your Fight Against COPD […] It is well-known that the food we eat affects our health, but did you know that it can also affect the way we fight diseases? […] Lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often are treated with medications, inhalers, and supplemented oxygen, but diet has recently come to the forefront as a factor in the way the body deals with the symptoms of COPD.

• #24 COPD & Pneumonia: Risks, Prevention & Treatment | DispatchHealth

  https://www.dispatchhealth.com/blog/copd-and-pneumonia/

  Have COPD? Heres How to Prevent Pneumonia […] As youve already learned by now, COPD patients are at high risk for developing pneumonia. An already-weakened respiratory system will have a hard time standing up to an infectious disease thats placed a big, red target on it, which is why you need to do everything you can to help your body out. You can prevent pneumonia by keeping good daily habits, such as: […] Washing your hands frequently […] Quitting smoking […] Eating healthy and exercising to strengthen your immune system […] Besides these tips, the CDC highly recommends vaccinating yourself against pneumonia. Pneumonia is often a result of a flu complication, so its a good idea to get your flu shot every year as well. […] Pneumonia vaccines cant prevent every form of the illness, but it can help lessen the duration and severity if you do catch the infection. And for patients with COPD, that difference could mean a lot.

• #25 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | informedhealth.org

  https://www.informedhealth.org/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd.html

  Quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to prevent and treat the disease. […] The most effective way to prevent COPD is to not smoke, or to quit smoking. […] Harmful substances in the environment or at the workplace can also increase your risk of developing COPD and should be avoided as much as possible. Protective measures at work can help prevent constant exposure to these substances. […] Flare-ups are often triggered by respiratory infections (infections of the airways). A sore throat, sweats and fever can weaken your body even more if you already have COPD. Because of this, people with COPD should take special care to avoid infection during the cold and flu season. This includes avoiding contact with people who have colds and with large crowds. It may also be a good idea to have a flu, COVID-19 or pneumococcal vaccine.

• #26 Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with COPD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0601/od1.html

  In theory, antibiotics provide their benefit by decreasing bacterial growth, potentially limiting the inflammatory effects of the bacteria. Prophylactic antibiotics were routinely administered for cases of chronic bronchitis 30 years ago, but this practice declined amid concern for antibiotic resistance without evidence of efficacy. […] The number needed to treat to prevent one exacerbation of COPD was 8. The effect was evident only when patients received antibiotics at least three times weekly. There was no significant impact on the frequency of hospitalization, all-cause mortality, or quality of life. […] This research fails to determine whether the modest potential benefits of prophylaxis outweigh the risk of resistance. Antibiotic prophylaxis is proposed to work by decreasing bacterial colonization, but slow-multiplying bacteria, such as those found in biofilms, are profoundly tolerant to antibiotics. Lengthy, multidrug regimens are required to kill these bacteria. Single-agent coverage may temporarily target rapidly multiplying bacteria and halt exacerbations, but lengthy courses with single agents may lead to resistance. Longer-term studies might uncover an increased cost and mortality for treating pneumonia in patients with COPD in which resistance has been worsened by ineffective chronic suppressive therapy.

• #27 The use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in prevention of COPD exacerbations – Lung Foundation Australia

  https://lungfoundation.com.au/news/the-use-of-prophylactic-antibiotic-therapy-in-prevention-of-copd-exacerbations/

  However, prophylactic antibiotics can help reduce the frequency of exacerbations and consequently the likelihood of admission to hospital in certain COPD patient population groups. […] In line with current guidelines and due to the risk of antibiotic resistance and other adverse effects, a balance between prophylactic antibiotic use and benefits to COPD patients should be considered.

• #28 Antibiotic Prophylaxis for COPD Exacerbations | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0415/p527.html

  Prophylactic antibiotics may be used to reduce the overall rate of COPD exacerbations and delay their onset. (Strength of Recommendation: A, based on a high-quality systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs].) […] A 2014 joint statement from the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society states that it is not clear which patients benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis for COPD exacerbations, and that the optimal dosing strategy and duration of use are unknown. Macrolides are recommended for use on a case-by-case basis after considering the risk vs. benefits for each patient.

• #29 COPD exacerbations: a pragmatic approach to prevention, diagnosis and management | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2022/december/feature-article/copd-exacerbations-pragmatic-approach-prevention-diagnosis-and-management

  Preventing further exacerbations is crucial as exacerbations contribute to disease progression and mortality. Exacerbations are a strong predictor of future exacerbations. […] Prevention of exacerbations encompasses both pharmacological and nonpharmacological components. […] Smoking cessation is essential. Recommended strategies include combination long and short-acting nicotine replacement therapy, medications (e.g. varenicline) and Quitline referrals for counselling. […] Long-acting inhaled medicines should be optimised using a stepwise approach, along with regular patient education on inhaler technique to ensure appropriate delivery of medication. […] Vaccinations should be kept up to date according to Australian Immunisation Handbook recommendations, to reduce the chance and severity of infective exacerbations. […] All patients with dyspnoea on exertion, especially after hospitalisation for an exacerbation, should be offered referral to pulmonary rehabilitation. This has been shown to reduce patient symptoms and hospitalisations, as well as to improve mental health.

• #30 Emphysema: Prevention and Treatment | Ed4Career

  https://cvcc.ed4career.com/enrichment-course/emphysema-prevention-and-treatment

  This week we will discover how certain foods have a medicinal use for the treatment of COPD, what foods to avoid and how important raw foods are to improving overall health. […] The last week of this course focuses on a variety of topics: the use of herbs in COPD, physical activity, breathing techniques and alternative treatments such as acupuncture and environmental factors.

• #31 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – Prevention | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/7/prevention

  Avoidance of tobacco exposure (both active and passive measures) and toxic fumes are of invaluable importance in primary prevention of COPD. […] All smokers should be offered interventions aimed at smoking cessation, including pharmacotherapy and counseling. […] Although smoking cessation may be associated with minor short-term adverse effects such as weight gain and constipation, its long-term benefits are unquestionable. […] Smoking cessation should be encouraged in all patients, in addition to guidance on avoiding exposure to occupational or environmental tobacco smoke and other irritants. […] Smoking cessation significantly reduces the rate of progression of COPD and risk of malignancies. It also reduces the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. […] Shielding measures (e.g., mask wearing, minimizing social contact, and frequent hand washing) could be considered during winter months, alongside established COPD management, to help prevent exacerbations of COPD. […] Physical activity is recommended for all patients with COPD.

• #32 COPD Prevention: Lifestyle Changes | WellMed

  https://www.wellmedhealthcare.com/copd-is-preventable-and-treatable/

  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. According to Dr. Manuel Jain, though not curable, COPD is common, preventable and treatable. […] The most important factor in preventing and treating COPD is to stop smoking immediately and if you’ve never smoked, do not start. […] He adds, exercise is extremely important for lung function as well, and suggests you should be particular about environmental exposure. […] Importantly, the prognosis is good for most COPD patients once they are diagnosed and begin treatment.

• #33 Best Emphysema Treatment in Delhi, India | Types, Symptoms & Causes | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/pulmonology/conditions-treatments/emphysema-treatment

  Stay up-to-date with vaccinations, particularly for influenza and pneumonia. These can help prevent respiratory infections that could worsen lung function or lead to emphysema. […] Regular physical activity strengthens the respiratory muscles and improves overall lung function. Even low-impact exercises like walking or swimming can be beneficial. […] A healthy diet supports the immune system and overall lung health. Maintaining a healthy weight can also reduce the strain on the respiratory system. […] If you have a family history of emphysema, particularly if related to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, consider genetic testing. Early detection can lead to preventive measures to protect lung health.

• #34 National Emphysema Foundation – PREVENTION

  https://www.emphysemafoundation.org/index.php/prevention/84-prevention-articles

  Another study was also recently conducted that illustrated the impact that omega-3 fatty acids have on the symptoms of COPD. […] This means that future treatments may be able to be derived from these compounds in order to prevent bacterial infection and symptom exacerbation in those patients dealing with COPD.

• #35 Emphysema: Prevention and Treatment | Ed4Career

  https://cvcc.ed4career.com/enrichment-course/emphysema-prevention-and-treatment

  The respiratory system is a vital, complex system which controls one of the most important aspects of the human body: breathing. Ensuring the body has clean air to breathe, free from pollutants and irritants is one of the best ways to stay healthy. […] This course focuses on how Emphysema and other Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders are diagnosed and methods for prevention and treatment. […] We will also examine the role cigarettes play in contributing to respiratory disorders and why it is so important to quit smoking. Making the decision to quit and altering lifestyles can be quite challenging, but this module illustrates important benefits to overall health and provides solid methods that have been used to aid in giving up cigarettes. […] Understanding the role food plays in natural treatments for COPD is a very important. Without a change in diet, other steps for healing can be much less effective.

• #36 Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-treatments-beyond-the-basics

  Nutrition — Some people with advanced COPD are not able to eat enough because of their symptoms. Unintended weight loss usually occurs in people with more advanced lung disease. Not eating enough can lead to malnutrition, which can make symptoms worse and increase the likelihood of infection. […] Regular monitoring — Seeing your health care provider regularly is an important part of managing your COPD. Your provider will talk to you about your symptoms, how well your treatments are working, and whether you have other health problems that may be affecting your COPD. […] Endobronchial valves — Endobronchial valves (EBVs) are small devices that are implanted in the airways using a bronchoscope (a tube that is inserted through your mouth or nose and down your throat). The valves allow air to exit the diseased area but not re-enter. As a result, the healthier parts of the lung are able to do more of the work of breathing. EBVs may be an option for people who continue to have emphysema symptoms despite medication and pulmonary rehabilitation. […] Surgery — Surgery, such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation, may be helpful in reducing symptoms in some people with advanced emphysema.

• #37 COPD: Risks, symptoms, prevention – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/copd-risks-symptoms-and-prevention

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a collection of serious lung diseases that obstructs airflow from the lungs and causes breathing issues. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the conditions that most commonly contribute to COPD. […] In order to prevent COPD and associated issues, individuals need to protect their lungs. Don’t smoke. Avoid coming into contact with chemical fumes and pollutants. And protect yourself from respiratory illnesses by making healthy lifestyle choices. The earlier COPD is detected, the better the potential outcome. So, be sure to talk with your health care team if you have signs, symptoms or concerns.

• #38 COPD: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/copd-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Prevention for COPD is available but not so effective. It helps to control the risks of the disease. Here are some of them discussed. […] Quit smoking to reduce the blockage and pressure on the heart and lungs. […] Get regular vaccines against flu and pneumonia to effectively fight against infections. […] Regularly consult your doctor on issues of loss of breath, chest pain, bloody mucus, etc. […] COPD cannot be effectively cured but can be prevented through changes in lifestyle and external medication. You can also wear masks whenever you are outdoors to prevent the dust from affecting you more.

• #39 COPD Flare-Ups: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/what-is-a-copd-flare-up

  Tips to Prevent Flare-Ups […] Because infections or other triggers that irritate your lungs generally cause flare-ups, you need to protect yourself against things like that. […] Start with your lifestyle, because a healthier body has the best chance to fight off germs. […] Also: […] Avoid secondhand smoke. And if you smoke — the cause behind many cases of COPD — ask your doctor for help in quitting. […] Flare-ups are a leading cause of disability in people with COPD. But if you take the right precautions, you can go on about your business.

• #40 Postoperative subcutaneous emphysema: prevention and treatment – Lodhia – Shanghai Chest

  https://shc.amegroups.org/article/view/6026/html

  Despite its prevalence, there is little research into factors that can predict the development of this post-operative complication. Cerfolio et al. however, have demonstrated that a FEV1 or lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) of less than 50% increase the risk of post-operative subcutaneous emphysema. […] Given that POSE leads to an increase morbidity and LOS, it is important to utilize prevention strategies. Ultimately, decreasing the risk of post-operative air leak will decrease the risk of POSE. Patients with severe COPD, emphysema, smoking habit, corticosteroid treatments or diabetes are more likely to develop POSE, as these conditions are associated with increased or persistent air leak. […] The use of pericardial, polydioxanone or Teflon buttressed staplers can decrease the risk and duration of post-operative air leaks. […] Early physiotherapy and mobilization in patients with incomplete lung re-expansion is also associated with faster recovery. […] In high risk patients, the use of sealants, re-enforced staplers or the pre-emptive creation of a pleural tent may decrease the risk of POSE.

• #41 GSK – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can…FacebookVerified accountShared with Public

  https://www.facebook.com/GSK/posts/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-can-mean-living-with-chronic-bronchit/1106082434896474/

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can mean living with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. But it doesn’t have to mean living in fear of the next flare-up. Preventing these episodes is crucial for slowing disease progression. Why? Because after each one, patients can experience irreversible lung damage and are at increased risk of hospitalisation. […] Prevention and planning ahead make all the difference in the long run.

• #42 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – GOLD

  https://goldcopd.org/

  GOLD works with healthcare professionals and public health officials around the world to raise awareness of COPD and to improve prevention and treatment of this lung disease. […] The GOLD strategy document for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD, along with the corresponding pocket guide, are developed for healthcare professionals based on the best scientific information available. […] A WHO document that summarizes the association between tobacco use and COPD, as well as describes the effectiveness of interventions to reduce tobacco use and complications. […] The Third Edition of the GIRD Report from FIRS is now available online. This report aims to raise awareness regarding the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of respiratory diseases worldwide.

• #43 What Is COPD? Symptoms, 4 Stages, Treatment, Causes, and Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/article_em.htm

  COPD can be prevented by smoking cessation and avoiding other lung irritants such as air pollution, chemical fumes, dust, and secondhand smoke. […] To prevent COPD: Do not smoke, and, if you do smoke, quit. […] Eliminate exposure to smoke by not allowing people to smoke in the home and by sitting in designated nonsmoking areas when out in public. People should also avoid wood smoke and cooking smoke. […] Limit air pollutants in the home. […] Try to avoid contracting respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. Individuals should wash their hands frequently because viruses can be passed through hand-to-mouth contact. […] Fight for clean air to prevent those cases of COPD due to air pollution.

• #44 Lesson: Emphysema Evaluation, Management, and Treatment

  https://journalce.powerpak.com/ce/emphysema-evaluation-management-and-treatment

  To update pharmacists regarding current concepts in emphysema evaluation, management, and prevention. […] Tobacco cessation is key, and it should be maintained in those who have quit. […] Pharmacist-led tobacco-cessation and immunization programs (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus) are an integral part of interdisciplinary collaboration in emphysema prevention and management.

• #45 COPD: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Effects, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.careinsurance.com/health-insurance/copd-types-symptoms-causes-effects-treatment-and-prevention

  Respiratory diseases can be fatal, but the good news is they are preventable. […] Health professionals say COPD is preventable through precautions, medication, management, and health insurance. […] Prevention is always helpful in avoiding this chronic disease. Here are some preventative measures to maintain the good health of your lungs. […] Quit smoking and chewing tobacco. […] Opt for Health insurance plans. […] Incorporate exercises to increase oxygen and blood circulation levels. […] Health insurance plans play a crucial role in managing COPD. Since treatment is long-term and possibly expensive, health insurance plans offer access to essential medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, doctor consultations, and more. […] Care health insurance plans are tailored to cover specialised treatments for chronic diseases like COPD.

• #46

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/

  COPD is largely a preventable condition. You can significantly reduce your chances of developing it if you avoid smoking. […] If you already smoke, stopping can help prevent further damage to your lungs before it starts to cause troublesome symptoms. […] If you think you need help to stop smoking, visit NHS Better Health Quit smoking for free advice and support. […] You may also want to talk to a GP about the stop smoking treatments available.

• #47 What is Emphysema: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention | Oak Street Health

  https://www.oakstreethealth.com/what-is-emphysema-causes-treatment-and-prevention-2173404

  To prevent chronic respiratory conditions, including emphysema, it’s best to never smoke or quit smoking of any kind, including cigarettes, vapes, hookah, and marijuana, and make lifestyle choices that promote healthy lungs. […] While there isn’t a cure for emphysema, there are steps to reduce the chance of developing this condition – or to slow emphysema’s progression. The first, and most important, is to not start smoking or to quit smoking. […] When possible, avoid secondhand smoke, air pollution, and other harmful chemicals linked to emphysema. Someone can, for example, reduce their time outside if air pollution levels are high in their area due to forest fires or other external factors. Those who work in environments with exposure to harmful chemicals can ask their employer to provide respirator masks during shifts.

• #48 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Treatments, Diagnosis, Risks | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is one of the most common lung diseases. […] It is a common, preventable, and treatable disease, and characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation due to inflammation in the airways. […] While there is no cure for COPD, our physicians can help diagnose patients, prescribe medications to manage symptoms, and teach necessary lifestyle changes to avoid flare-ups. […] People diagnosed with this condition should quit smoking if they haven’t already to slow damage to the lungs. […] Lifestyle changes, such as air filters, regular exercise, and eating a balanced diet, can help people living with COPD maintain their strength and keep symptoms at bay to avoid an exacerbation. […] Smoking is the main cause of COPD. The more a person smokes, the more likely that person will develop the disease. […] In rare cases, nonsmokers can develop emphysema. […] Other risk factors are: Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace, Exposure to heavy amounts of second-hand smoke and pollution.

• #49 COPD – Symptoms, Causes, risk factors, Prevention and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N

  https://www.pacehospital.com/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Most chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases are preventable. If patients don’t smoke, they may significantly reduce the risk of getting COPD. Below are some of the preventive measures of COPD: […] Following are some of the preventive measures of emphysema: […] Cessation of smoking […] Engaging in physical activity and being fit […] Wearing masks or other personal protection equipment (PPE) whenever people work in an environment with dust or chemicals. […] Getting vaccinated against “pneumococci” […] Vaccination against “Haemophilus influenzae” […] Protecting from a cold environment […] Avoiding other respiratory irritants.

• #50 Emphysema: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/emphysema-overview-7111469

  Emphysema can be prevented by not smoking and avoiding exposure to irritants that damage the lungs. […] There are several ways to lower your risk of emphysema: Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke […] Avoid exposure to air pollutants, workplace chemicals, and other lung irritantsan air purifier for mold, smoke, and other allergens can help. […] Exercise regularly to maintain optimal lung function […] Get regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, especially if you have a family history of lung disease or a history of smoking […] Eat a balanced, healthy diet to support your overall health.

• #51 National Emphysema Foundation – Study Offers 5-Step COPD Fracture Prevention Plan

  https://www.emphysemafoundation.org/index.php/prevention/84-prevention-articles/262-study-offers-5-step-copd-fracture-prevention-plan

  In the March 7 publication of Respiratory Research, a proposed 5-step approach was introduced that aims to prevent fractures in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. […] To prevent fractures, clinicians should promote lifestyle changes for COPD patients, including quitting smoking, exercise, and lowering alcohol use. […] The authors of the prevention plan concluded that based on their guidelines, an evidence-based systematic clinical approach is easy to use by pulmonologists and should assist in decreasing COPD patients fractures.

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