Przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki
Epidemiologia

Przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki (PZT) to przewlekły proces zapalny prowadzący do nieodwracalnego włóknienia trzustki, z roczną zapadalnością globalnie około 10 przypadków na 100 000 osób, choć wartości te różnią się regionalnie (np. USA: 4-32/100 000, Europa: 4-13,4/100 000, Chiny: 6,81/100 000). Chorobowość waha się od 37 do 125 przypadków na 100 000 osób, a rozpowszechnienie w Chinach w 2021 roku wyniosło 45,52/100 000. Wiek rozpoznania to średnio 46 lat, z przewagą mężczyzn (60-80%). Etiologia PZT jest wieloczynnikowa, z dominującym udziałem alkoholu (obecnie około 35% przypadków) oraz rosnącym znaczeniem czynników genetycznych (mutacje w genach PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC). Palenie tytoniu stanowi istotny, niezależny czynnik ryzyka, często przewyższający wpływ alkoholu. Wzrost zapadalności obserwuje się w ostatnich dekadach, co wiąże się z lepszą diagnostyką i zmianami w czynnikach ryzyka.

Epidemiologia przewlekłego zapalenia trzustki

Przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki (PZT) stanowi poważny problem zdrowia publicznego, charakteryzujący się przewlekłym procesem zapalnym prowadzącym do nieodwracalnego włóknienia trzustki. Pomimo postępów w diagnostyce i leczeniu, epidemiologia PZT nie jest w pełni poznana. Istnieje szereg trudności w dokładnym określeniu częstości występowania i rozpowszechnienia tej choroby, co wynika między innymi z braku jednolitych kryteriów diagnostycznych oraz faktu, że objawy radiologiczne stają się wyraźne dopiero w późnych stadiach choroby.123

Częstotliwość występowania i rozpowszechnienie choroby

Dane dotyczące zapadalności na PZT na świecie wykazują znaczne zróżnicowanie. Według różnych badań, globalna roczna zapadalność na PZT waha się od 1,6 do 32 przypadków na 100 000 osób.45 Jedno z nowszych badań epidemiologicznych przeprowadzonych we Francji wykazało roczną zapadalność na poziomie 7,8 przypadków na 100 000 osób.6 Natomiast ogólnoświatowe dane wskazują, że roczna zapadalność na PZT wynosi około 10 przypadków na 100 000 osób.7

W Stanach Zjednoczonych zapadalność na PZT w 2004 roku oszacowano na 8,1 przypadków na 100 000 osób, co skutkuje około 122 000 wizytami ambulatoryjnymi i 56 000 hospitalizacjami rocznie.8 W ostatnich latach występuje tendencja wzrostowa – wzrost zapadalności z 3,3 w latach 1940-1969 do 4,3 na 100 000 w latach 1997-2006.9

Ograniczone dane sugerują, że częstość występowania (chorobowość) PZT wynosi od 37 do 125 przypadków na 100 000 osób, przy czym nowsze badania wskazują na wyższe wartości.101112 Przy założeniu przeżycia 15-20 lat, roczne rozpowszechnienie PZT powinno wynosić między 120 a 143 na 100 000 osób.13

W Chinach, badanie przeprowadzone w prowincji Sichuan wykazało średnią zapadalność na poziomie 6,81 przypadków na 100 000 osobo-lat, z wyraźną tendencją wzrostową z 4,03 w 2015 roku do 8,27 w 2021 roku. Punktowe rozpowszechnienie PZT w 2021 roku wynosiło 45,52 na 100 000 osób dla całej populacji.14

Region Zapadalność (na 100 000 osób/rok) Chorobowość (na 100 000 osób)
USA 4-32 41,8-92
Europa 4-13,4 26,4-45,4
Japonia 2-14 28,5-52,4
Chiny 6,81 3,1-45,52
Indie Brak danych Do 125
Ogólnoświatowa 10 37-92

Trendy epidemiologiczne i zmiany w czasie

Obserwuje się wyraźny trend wzrostowy w zakresie zapadalności na PZT na przestrzeni ostatnich dekad. Porównanie danych z różnych ośrodków w okresie 1945-1985 wskazuje na wzrost liczby przypadków.15 W Japonii, siedem kolejnych badań epidemiologicznych przeprowadzonych w ciągu ostatnich 42 lat wykazało znaczny wzrost zapadalności z 2 do 14 na 100 000 mieszkańców oraz wzrost chorobowości z 28,5 na 100 000 w 1994 roku do 52,4 na 100 000 w 2011 roku.16

Według najnowszych analiz, globalna liczba przypadków PZT wzrosła z 1,73 miliona w 1990 roku do 2,75 miliona w 2021 roku, co stanowi wzrost o 59%. Pomimo tego, standaryzowana wiekowo zapadalność (ASIR) nieznacznie spadła z 37,62 do 32,81 na 100 000, co oznacza redukcję o 12,8%.17

Śmiertelność związana z PZT wzrosła z 68 490 do 122 416 przypadków (wzrost o 78,7%), podczas gdy standaryzowany wiekowo współczynnik umieralności (ASMR) zmniejszył się z 1,69 do 1,45 na 100 000, co stanowi redukcję o 14,2%.18 Liczba lat życia skorygowanych niepełnosprawnością (DALY) zwiększyła się z 2,58 miliona do 4,10 miliona (wzrost o 59%).19

Różnice geograficzne i czynniki demograficzne

Istnieją znaczące różnice regionalne w zapadalności i rozpowszechnieniu PZT. Wschodnia Europa wykazuje najwyższe wskaźniki standaryzowanej wiekowo zapadalności, umieralności i lat życia skorygowanych niepełnosprawnością.20 W Stanach Zjednoczonych wskaźniki hospitalizacji z powodu PZT są 3 razy wyższe wśród osób czarnoskórych niż białych.21

Badania wskazują na istotne różnice w etiologii PZT w różnych regionach świata. Zapalenie trzustki związane z alkoholem jest częstsze w krajach zachodnich i Japonii w porównaniu z innymi krajami azjatyckimi.2223 Idiopatyczne i tropikalne zapalenie trzustki jest bardziej rozpowszechnione w krajach rozwijających się i słabo rozwiniętych.24

Różnice socjoekonomiczne również wpływają na obciążenie PZT. Standaryzowany wiekowo współczynnik zapadalności jest dodatnio skorelowany z indeksem rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego (SDI), wskazując na wyższe obciążenie w regionach bardziej rozwiniętych społeczno-ekonomicznie. Natomiast wskaźniki śmiertelności i DALY wykazują korelację ujemną z SDI, sugerując lepszy dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej i lepsze wyniki leczenia w regionach o wyższym SDI, pomimo wyższej zapadalności.25

Charakterystyka demograficzna pacjentów z PZT

Średni lub mediana wieku w momencie rozpoznania PZT wynosi około 46 lat (±13 lat).26 W idiopatycznym PZT zaobserwowano bimodalny rozkład wieku, określany jako postać o wczesnym początku (mediana wieku 19,2 lat) i postać o późnym początku (mediana wieku 56,2 lat).27 Częstość występowania PZT wzrasta z wiekiem; średni wiek w momencie diagnozy wynosi 49-59,9 lat.28

W odniesieniu do płci, w większości badań 60-80% pacjentów z PZT stanowią mężczyźni, a badania populacyjne wykazują wyższą zapadalność i chorobowość PZT u mężczyzn w porównaniu z kobietami.29 W badaniu przeprowadzonym w prowincji Sichuan w Chinach, punktowe rozpowszechnienie PZT w 2021 roku wynosiło 55,04 na 100 000 mężczyzn i 35,78 na 100 000 kobiet.30 W Europie stosunek mężczyzn do kobiet wynosi około 7:1.31

Różnice w rozkładzie płci i wieku są przede wszystkim związane z etiologią PZT. Alkohol jest najczęstszą przyczyną PZT w grupie wiekowej 35-54 lat.32 W Stanach Zjednoczonych, gdzie PZT związane z alkoholem jest najczęstszą postacią, zaobserwowano różnice rasowe – pacjenci czarnoskórzy byli znacznie częściej byłymi lub aktualnymi palaczami i częściej mieli etiologię alkoholową (77% w porównaniu z 42% wśród pacjentów białych).3334

Etiologia i czynniki ryzyka PZT

Przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki ma wiele przyczyn, a na jego rozwój wpływają zarówno czynniki genetyczne, jak i środowiskowe.35 Profil pacjentów z PZT uległ znaczącej zmianie w ostatnich dekadach, ze znacznym spadkiem odsetka przypadków związanych z alkoholem i wzrostem innych etiologii.36

Główne przyczyny PZT

Historycznie, nadmierne spożycie alkoholu było główną przyczyną PZT, odpowiadając za 60-90% przypadków w krajach zachodnich.37 Jednak nowsze badania pokazują znaczne zmniejszenie udziału alkoholu jako jedynej przyczyny PZT do około 35% przypadków, z dodatkowym wkładem w kolejnych 9% przypadków.38 W Stanach Zjednoczonych alkohol jest związany z około połową wszystkich przypadków PZT.3940

Idiopatyczne PZT stanowi około 10-30% wszystkich przypadków, choć w niektórych badaniach odsetek ten jest wyższy – ponad 25% pacjentów nie ma identyfikowalnej przyczyny PZT.4142

W ostatnich 20 latach zidentyfikowano kilka genetycznych czynników podatności na zapalenie trzustki, z czego mutacje w czterech genach (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC) są obecnie rutynowo wykorzystywane w praktyce klinicznej, szczególnie u pacjentów z niewyjaśnionym PZT.43 Postępy w badaniach genetycznych poprawiły zdolność wykrywania czynników genetycznych, które mogą przyczyniać się do rozwoju PZT.4445

Czynniki ryzyka i ich wpływ

Jednym z najbardziej intrygujących odkryć ostatnich lat jest związek między paleniem tytoniu a PZT.46 W badaniach epidemiologicznych ryzyko związane z paleniem tytoniu jest nawet większe niż ryzyko związane ze spożywaniem alkoholu.47 Odkrycie tego związku podkreśla potrzebę włączenia zaprzestania palenia do algorytmu leczenia pacjentów z PZT.48

Zmiany w stylu życia, takie jak zaprzestanie palenia i spożywania alkoholu, mogą spowolnić postęp choroby i zmniejszyć zapadalność na PZT.49 Rosnący poziom spożycia alkoholu per capita koreluje ze wzrostem częstości występowania PZT.50

Spożycie alkoholu pozostaje wiodącym modyfikowalnym czynnikiem ryzyka PZT, odpowiadając za ponad 15% globalnych zgonów.51 W Indiach zaobserwowano dramatyczny wzrost PZT związanego z alkoholem – z zaledwie 2% wszystkich przypadków PZT w Kerala w 1984 roku do 33% w 2004 roku, co koreluje ze wzrostem spożycia alkoholu w tym regionie.52

Istnieje coraz większe uznanie znaczenia czynników genetycznych w wywoływaniu zapalenia trzustki, szeroka dostępność badań obrazowych, takich jak MRCP, które mogą identyfikować nieprawidłowości anatomiczne, akceptacja związku z paleniem oraz fakt, że czynniki autoimmunologiczne i inne mogłyby wyjaśnić chorobę pacjenta, są prawdopodobnie niektórymi z wyjaśnień dla lekarzy, aby rozważyć możliwość innych czynników niż alkohol jako potencjalnej przyczyny PZT u poszczególnych pacjentów.53

Nadzór i monitorowanie PZT

Nadzór i monitorowanie pacjentów z PZT jest istotnym elementem opieki nad tymi chorymi, szczególnie ze względu na zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju raka trzustki w tej grupie.54

Ryzyko raka trzustki u pacjentów z PZT

Pacjenci z PZT mają znacznie podwyższone ryzyko rozwoju raka trzustki. Względne ryzyko raka trzustki u osób z PZT zostało oszacowane na 7,6-68,1 razy wyższe niż w populacji ogólnej.55 W wieloośrodkowym badaniu retrospektywnym zaobserwowano, że podczas 3290 osobo-lat obserwacji, nowotwory trzustki zdiagnozowano u 16 pacjentów (2,20%, 0,49% rocznie) po medianie obserwacji wynoszącej 2,4 roku, z standaryzowanym względem wieku i płci współczynnikiem zapadalności (SIR) wynoszącym 18,1 (95% CI 10,4-29,5).56

U pacjentów z dziedzicznym zapaleniem trzustki ryzyko rozwoju raka trzustki jest 10-krotnie wyższe w porównaniu z populacją ogólną.57 Szczególnie wysokie ryzyko występuje u osób z mutacją genu PRSS1, gdzie standaryzowany współczynnik zapadalności jest 53-87 razy wyższy.58

Po 20 latach trwania PZT skumulowane ryzyko rozwoju raka gruczołowego trzustki wynosi 6%.59 Pacjenci z dziedzicznym zapaleniem trzustki z mutacjami PRSS1 wykazują wysoką zapadalność na raka trzustki, co uzasadnia potrzebę badań przesiewowych i nadzoru.60

Strategie nadzoru i rekomendacje

Pomimo zwiększonego ryzyka raka trzustki u pacjentów z PZT, międzynarodowe wytyczne z 2020 roku nie zalecają rutynowych badań przesiewowych w kierunku raka trzustki dla wszystkich pacjentów z PZT, biorąc pod uwagę stosunek kosztów do efektywności.61

W przypadku osób z dziedzicznym zapaleniem trzustki związanym z mutacją genu PRSS1, nadzór można rozważyć od 40. roku życia.6263 Niektórzy eksperci sugerują oferowanie poradnictwa i badań przesiewowych pacjentom z dziedzicznym zapaleniem trzustki począwszy od 40. roku życia. Najbardziej zalecane metody badań przesiewowych to EUS, CT i ERCP, chociaż nie ma konsensusu co do odstępu między badaniami.6465

Tomografia komputerowa lub rezonans magnetyczny są odpowiednimi metodami badań przesiewowych raka trzustki, ale endosonografia (EUS) nie jest zalecana ze względu na stan zapalny miąższu, włóknienie i zwapnienia.66

W przypadku sporadycznego PZT, gdzie współistnieją różne czynniki ryzyka raka trzustki, zapadalność na raka trzustki znacznie wzrasta. W takich przypadkach należy rozważyć indywidualnie dostosowane badania przesiewowe i nadzór w oparciu o objawy i szczególne okoliczności pacjenta.6768

Szczególnie ważne jest monitorowanie podgrup pacjentów z PZT, którzy mają podwyższone ryzyko raka trzustki. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Korei Południowej, roczna zapadalność na raka trzustki wynosiła 0,49% u wszystkich pacjentów z PZT, ale wzrastała do 0,98%, 1,13%, 0,96% i 2,31% odpowiednio u pacjentów z istotnymi czynnikami ryzyka, takimi jak wiek powyżej 60 lat, brak zwapnień miąższu, zwężenie przewodu trzustkowego i poziomy CA 19-9 większe niż 100 U/ml.69

Wszyscy pacjenci ze zwiększonym ryzykiem raka powinni otrzymać poradnictwo dotyczące zmniejszenia czynników ryzyka, szczególnie spożycia alkoholu i używania tytoniu.70

Wyzwania w nadzorowaniu PZT

Nadzór i monitorowanie PZT napotyka na szereg wyzwań. Rozpoznanie PZT może być trudne, pomimo niedawnych postępów w technologii obrazowania, ponieważ zmiany radiologiczne nie stają się wyraźne aż do późnych stadiów choroby.7172

Postępowa rzekomoguzowa postać PZT (mass-forming chronic pancreatitis) występuje u około 30% przypadków PZT i stanowi wyzwanie diagnostyczne, ponieważ jej epidemiologia i obraz radiologiczny nakładają się na obraz gruczolakoraka trzustki.73

Nie ma jeszcze ustalonych odpowiednich metod badań przesiewowych dla pacjentów z PZT wysokiego ryzyka wymagających okresowych badań przesiewowych w kierunku raka trzustki.74 Częstotliwość występowania rzekomoguzowego PZT nie jest dobrze znana i istnieje niewiele danych na ten temat.75

Opieka nad pacjentami cierpiącymi na PZT często wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, zajmującego się istotnymi objawami, a także następstwami przewlekłego stanu zapalnego i włóknienia.7677 Najbardziej obawianym powikłaniem PZT – rozwój raka trzustki – nie ma znanych środków zapobiegawczych.7879

Implikacje zdrowotne i społeczno-ekonomiczne PZT

Przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki ma znaczący wpływ na zdrowie publiczne, powodując znaczne obciążenie systemu opieki zdrowotnej i wpływając na jakość życia pacjentów.80

Obciążenie systemów opieki zdrowotnej

W Stanach Zjednoczonych PZT skutkuje około 122 000 wizytami ambulatoryjnymi i 56 000 hospitalizacjami rocznie.81 Roczny koszt hospitalizacji związanych z PZT wzrósł 1,4-krotnie w ciągu ostatnich 7 lat w Chinach, co wskazuje, że PZT pozostaje istotnym obciążeniem zdrowotnym.82

Konsekwencje PZT mogą nie tylko ograniczać się do trzustki lub przewodu pokarmowego, ale mogą mieć również charakter ogólnoustrojowy. Badania wskazują na zwiększone ryzyko udaru mózgu u pacjentów z PZT w porównaniu z populacją ogólną, co wiąże się ze zwiększonym występowaniem chorób współistniejących i potencjalnie związane jest z przewlekłym stanem zapalnym, który przyspiesza miażdżycę.83

PZT może znacznie obniżyć zdolności operacyjne dotkniętych nim osób, na przykład w siłach zbrojnych, z powodu różnych objawów zaburzenia. W rezultacie kandydaci do służby wojskowej z historią PZT są dyskwalifikowani ze służby. Ponadto PZT może skutkować długotrwałą niepełnosprawnością i predysponuje pacjentów do raka trzustki.8485

Jakość życia i rokowanie u pacjentów z PZT

Wpływ PZT na ogólne samopoczucie i funkcjonowanie pacjenta stał się tematem rosnącego zainteresowania w badaniach klinicznych i praktyce.86 PZT jest związane z 2-13-krotnym wzrostem ryzyka śmiertelności, a niewydolność zewnątrzwydzielnicza trzustki jest uważana za niezależny czynnik ryzyka śmiertelności.87

W dużym wieloośrodkowym badaniu, które objęło 2015 pacjentów z PZT między 1946-1992 w 6 krajach, ogólny wskaźnik śmiertelności po 10 latach wynosił 30%, a po 20 latach od diagnozy 55%.88 Dane te zostały potwierdzone w nowszych badaniach.89

Cukrzyca (26,32%) jest najczęstszą chorobą współistniejącą u pacjentów z PZT.90 Najczęstszymi objawami klinicznymi PZT są ból brzucha i jeden lub więcej ataków ostrego zapalenia trzustki – którekolwiek z nich występuje u około 90% pacjentów w pewnym momencie przebiegu klinicznego.91

Hospitalizacja pacjentów z PZT może być spowodowana zaostrzeniami ostrego zapalenia trzustki, bólem, zaburzeniami trawienia i powikłaniami miejscowymi.92 Istnieją ograniczone dane na temat bezpośrednich i pośrednich kosztów związanych z leczeniem PZT.93

Przyszłe kierunki i rekomendacje

Model BAPC prognozuje dalszy spadek standaryzowanej wiekowo zapadalności, umieralności i umieralności z powodu konkretnej przyczyny do 2050 roku, odzwierciedlając trwające udoskonalenia w zarządzaniu chorobą i środkach zapobiegawczych.94

Przyszłe badania powinny koncentrować się na rozkładzie populacyjnym PZT w innych częściach świata, wpływie badań obrazowych, czynnikach środowiskowych i innych na szacunki choroby i trendy między populacjami i wewnątrz nich, determinantach wykorzystania opieki zdrowotnej i kosztach opieki zdrowotnej związanych z PZT.95

Istnieje wyraźna potrzeba bardziej szczegółowych badań nad PZT w populacji rdzennych mieszkańców Australii, którzy są znacznie nadreprezentowani w kohorcie PZT.96

W Indiach, wieloośrodkowe badanie EPICAP-India prowadzone jest w celu oszacowania obciążenia (epidemiologicznego, ekonomicznego i niepełnosprawności) z powodu PZT oraz zidentyfikowania środowiskowych i genetycznych czynników ryzyka PZT w Indiach przy użyciu podejścia przypadki-kontrole.9798

Biorąc pod uwagę wpływ zapalenia trzustki na aspekty społeczne, ekonomiczne i jakość życia pacjentów, rodzin i społeczeństwa, ważne jest przeprowadzenie badań populacyjnych w celu oszacowania obciążenia tymi schorzeniami w różnych regionach świata.99

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  1. 15.04.2026
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Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis: burden of the disease and consequences
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212500/
    The epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is incompletely understood. A number of difficulties exist in estimating the prevalence and incidence of CP. […] A recent epidemiological study in France found an annual incidence of 7.8 per 100,000. Assuming a survival of 15-20 years, the annual prevalence should be between 120 to 143 per 100,000. Overall, our understanding of the epidemiology of CP is poor compared with other illnesses. We consider that both prevalence and the rate of pancreatic insufficiency and of CP are currently underestimated. There is a distinct need for more studies to remedy this lack of knowledge. […] Estimates of the prevalence of a chronic disease might be obtained from different sources if available such as national or regional registries, population or hospital surveys, hospital discharge data or, in the absence of a direct measure, could be estimated using mathematical models based on available incidence and survival data.
  • #2 Chronic Pancreatitis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management Updates – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32647920/
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis-the development of pancreatic cancer-has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #3
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-020-01360-6
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis—the development of pancreatic cancer—has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #4 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #5 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2004–2018 | Health.mil
    https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2020/10/01/Acute-and-Chronic-Pancreatitis-MSMR-2020?type=Articles&page=7
    This is the first MSMR report of the incidence of acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the U.S. Armed Forces. Over the 15-year surveillance period, these relatively rare conditions were diagnosed in 6,471 and 893 active component service members, respectively. […] AP and CP can significantly degrade the military operational capabilities of affected service members due to the various symptoms of the disorders. As a result, applicants for military service with a history of AP or CP are disqualified from service unless their AP was due to gallstones and was successfully treated by cholecystectomy. Furthermore, CP may result in long-term disability and predisposes patients to pancreatic cancer. […] Population-based estimates of the epidemiology of CP are highly variable as there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for this condition. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence of CP in the U.S. general population ranges from 4 to 32 per 100,000 persons.
  • #6 Epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis: burden of the disease and consequences
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212500/
    The epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is incompletely understood. A number of difficulties exist in estimating the prevalence and incidence of CP. […] A recent epidemiological study in France found an annual incidence of 7.8 per 100,000. Assuming a survival of 15-20 years, the annual prevalence should be between 120 to 143 per 100,000. Overall, our understanding of the epidemiology of CP is poor compared with other illnesses. We consider that both prevalence and the rate of pancreatic insufficiency and of CP are currently underestimated. There is a distinct need for more studies to remedy this lack of knowledge. […] Estimates of the prevalence of a chronic disease might be obtained from different sources if available such as national or regional registries, population or hospital surveys, hospital discharge data or, in the absence of a direct measure, could be estimated using mathematical models based on available incidence and survival data.
  • #7 Global epidemiology and holistic prevention of pancreatitis | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-018-0087-5
    Per 100,000 people in the general population, the yearly global incidence of acute pancreatitis is 34 cases, chronic pancreatitis is 10 cases and post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is 6 cases. […] The global transition rate from the first episode of acute pancreatitis to a recurrent episode is ~20% and, from recurrent acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis, the rate is ~35%. […] The holistic prevention of pancreatitis (HPP) concept postulates that primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies need to be systematically employed to lessen the effect of pancreatitis and its sequelae.
  • #8 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #9 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the United States the incidence of CP has increased modestly from 3.3 during 1940-1969 to 4.3 per 100,000 in 1997-2006. […] In Europe, the incidence of CP appear to be higher than in US. […] In Asia, seven separate surveys from Japan conducted in the past 42 years show a trend towards a much greater increase in the incidence of CP (from 2 to 14/100,000). […] Prevalence estimates for CP are limited to only a few populations and is presented in Table 2. […] The overall prevalence of CP shows high variability. […] A Chinese study showed increasing prevalence of CP from 3.1/100,000 in 1996 to 13.5/100,000 population in 2003. […] The 7 nationwide epidemiological surveys conducted in Japan, have demonstrated increasing prevalence of CP from 28.5/100,000 in 1994 to 52.4/100,000 in 2011.
  • #10 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults
    Chronic pancreatitis is a syndrome involving inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of acinar and islet cells, which can manifest with pancreatic-type abdominal pain, steatorrhea, derangements in pancreatic function (exocrine and endocrine insufficiency), and visible pancreatic damage on imaging studies. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries.
  • #11 Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0315/p385.html
    Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible and progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring. […] Data from case series and cross-sectional studies estimate that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis is between about four and 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Data on prevalence are scarce, with estimates ranging from 37 to 42 per 100,000 persons. […] Patients with hereditary pancreatitis have a 10-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population. […] Therefore, some experts suggest offering counseling and screening to patients with hereditary pancreatitis beginning at 40 years of age. The most recommended screening methods are EUS, CT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; there is no consensus on screening interval. Additionally, patients with chronic pancreatitis who exhibit a change in clinical symptoms (pain, weight loss, jaundice) should be evaluated for neoplasm. […] All patients at increased risk of cancer should be counseled on mitigating risk factors, especially alcohol and tobacco use.
  • #12 Changing phenotype and disease behaviour of chronic pancreatitis in India: evidence for gene–environment interactions | Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-health-epidemiology-and-genomics/article/changing-phenotype-and-disease-behaviour-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-india-evidence-for-geneenvironment-interactions/CF83D65BCFD8BDC0FC85E5006E0ECB19
    The idiopathic variety of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in India particularly in Kerala state was earlier called tropical pancreatitis with peculiar features: early age of onset, severe malnutrition, diabetes and poor prognosis. A change in disease phenotype and behaviour has been observed recently. […] There has been a definite change in the phenotype of CP in India with onset in mid twenties, better nutritional status, and a much better prognosis compared with the reports in 1970s. […] Changing profile of CP in India and better understanding of risk factors provide evidence for geneenvironmental interactions in its pathobiology. […] The prevalence of CP was reported to be around 10/100 000 in earlier reports. However, more recent studies have shown a higher prevalence of CP in different countries: 13.52/100 000 in China, 26.4/100 000 in France, 45.4/100 000 population in Japan, and 41.8/100 000 in USA. The highest prevalence has been reported to be 125/100 000 population from India.
  • #13 Epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis: burden of the disease and consequences
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212500/
    The epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is incompletely understood. A number of difficulties exist in estimating the prevalence and incidence of CP. […] A recent epidemiological study in France found an annual incidence of 7.8 per 100,000. Assuming a survival of 15-20 years, the annual prevalence should be between 120 to 143 per 100,000. Overall, our understanding of the epidemiology of CP is poor compared with other illnesses. We consider that both prevalence and the rate of pancreatic insufficiency and of CP are currently underestimated. There is a distinct need for more studies to remedy this lack of knowledge. […] Estimates of the prevalence of a chronic disease might be obtained from different sources if available such as national or regional registries, population or hospital surveys, hospital discharge data or, in the absence of a direct measure, could be estimated using mathematical models based on available incidence and survival data.
  • #14 Incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of chronic pancreatitis: A 7-year population-based study
    https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i30/4671.htm
    Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Population-based estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce. […] To characterize the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province, China, with population-based data. […] The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years, and the incidence of CP increased each year, from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021. […] The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population, with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women. […] Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP (113.38 per 100000 individuals). […] Diabetes (26.32%) was the most common comorbidity in CP patients. […] The yearly incidence of CP is increasing, and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years, indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.
  • #15 Chronic Pancreatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181554-overview
    Based on the estimates from hospital discharge data in the United States, approximately 87,000 cases of pancreatitis occur annually. […] Comparing the hospital admissions data from several cities around the globe, the overall frequency is similar. Expressed as number of cases per 1000 hospital admissions, the value for Marseille is 3.1; for Cape Town, 4.4; for Sao Paulo, 4.9; and for Mexico City, 4.4. When the data from several centers were compared over time, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis from 1945-1985 appeared to be increasing. […] Hospitalization rates for blacks are 3 times higher than for whites in the United States. In population studies, males are affected more commonly than females (6.7 vs 3.2 per 100,000 population). […] Differences in the hospitalization rates of patients with chronic pancreatitis exist with respect to sex. Rates in males peak between ages 45 and 54 years and then decline; female rates reach a plateau, which remains stable after age 35 years. […] In aggregate, the mean age at diagnosis is 46 years, plus or minus 13 years. In idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, a bimodal age distribution has been reported, designated as the early onset form (median age 19.2 y) and the late-onset form (median age 56.2 y).
  • #16 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the United States the incidence of CP has increased modestly from 3.3 during 1940-1969 to 4.3 per 100,000 in 1997-2006. […] In Europe, the incidence of CP appear to be higher than in US. […] In Asia, seven separate surveys from Japan conducted in the past 42 years show a trend towards a much greater increase in the incidence of CP (from 2 to 14/100,000). […] Prevalence estimates for CP are limited to only a few populations and is presented in Table 2. […] The overall prevalence of CP shows high variability. […] A Chinese study showed increasing prevalence of CP from 3.1/100,000 in 1996 to 13.5/100,000 population in 2003. […] The 7 nationwide epidemiological surveys conducted in Japan, have demonstrated increasing prevalence of CP from 28.5/100,000 in 1994 to 52.4/100,000 in 2011.
  • #17 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    From 1990 to 2021, global pancreatitis cases increased from 1.73 million to 2.75 million, representing a rise of 59%. […] Despite this, ASIR decreased slightly from 37.62 to 32.81 per 100,000, a 12.8% reduction. […] Deaths rose from 68,490 to 122,416, an increase of 78.7%, while ASMR decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 per 100,000, a reduction of 14.2%. […] DALYs increased from 2.58 million to 4.10 million (59%). […] Significant regional variations were found, with Eastern Europe showing the highest ASIR, ASMR, and DALY rates. […] Projections indicate continued declines in ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs through 2050. […] While global age-standardized rates of pancreatitis have declined, significant regional and socioeconomic disparities persist. […] Understanding the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of pancreatitis is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
  • #18 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    From 1990 to 2021, global pancreatitis cases increased from 1.73 million to 2.75 million, representing a rise of 59%. […] Despite this, ASIR decreased slightly from 37.62 to 32.81 per 100,000, a 12.8% reduction. […] Deaths rose from 68,490 to 122,416, an increase of 78.7%, while ASMR decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 per 100,000, a reduction of 14.2%. […] DALYs increased from 2.58 million to 4.10 million (59%). […] Significant regional variations were found, with Eastern Europe showing the highest ASIR, ASMR, and DALY rates. […] Projections indicate continued declines in ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs through 2050. […] While global age-standardized rates of pancreatitis have declined, significant regional and socioeconomic disparities persist. […] Understanding the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of pancreatitis is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
  • #19 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    From 1990 to 2021, global pancreatitis cases increased from 1.73 million to 2.75 million, representing a rise of 59%. […] Despite this, ASIR decreased slightly from 37.62 to 32.81 per 100,000, a 12.8% reduction. […] Deaths rose from 68,490 to 122,416, an increase of 78.7%, while ASMR decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 per 100,000, a reduction of 14.2%. […] DALYs increased from 2.58 million to 4.10 million (59%). […] Significant regional variations were found, with Eastern Europe showing the highest ASIR, ASMR, and DALY rates. […] Projections indicate continued declines in ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs through 2050. […] While global age-standardized rates of pancreatitis have declined, significant regional and socioeconomic disparities persist. […] Understanding the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of pancreatitis is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
  • #20 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    From 1990 to 2021, global pancreatitis cases increased from 1.73 million to 2.75 million, representing a rise of 59%. […] Despite this, ASIR decreased slightly from 37.62 to 32.81 per 100,000, a 12.8% reduction. […] Deaths rose from 68,490 to 122,416, an increase of 78.7%, while ASMR decreased from 1.69 to 1.45 per 100,000, a reduction of 14.2%. […] DALYs increased from 2.58 million to 4.10 million (59%). […] Significant regional variations were found, with Eastern Europe showing the highest ASIR, ASMR, and DALY rates. […] Projections indicate continued declines in ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs through 2050. […] While global age-standardized rates of pancreatitis have declined, significant regional and socioeconomic disparities persist. […] Understanding the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of pancreatitis is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
  • #21 Chronic Pancreatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181554-overview
    Based on the estimates from hospital discharge data in the United States, approximately 87,000 cases of pancreatitis occur annually. […] Comparing the hospital admissions data from several cities around the globe, the overall frequency is similar. Expressed as number of cases per 1000 hospital admissions, the value for Marseille is 3.1; for Cape Town, 4.4; for Sao Paulo, 4.9; and for Mexico City, 4.4. When the data from several centers were compared over time, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis from 1945-1985 appeared to be increasing. […] Hospitalization rates for blacks are 3 times higher than for whites in the United States. In population studies, males are affected more commonly than females (6.7 vs 3.2 per 100,000 population). […] Differences in the hospitalization rates of patients with chronic pancreatitis exist with respect to sex. Rates in males peak between ages 45 and 54 years and then decline; female rates reach a plateau, which remains stable after age 35 years. […] In aggregate, the mean age at diagnosis is 46 years, plus or minus 13 years. In idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, a bimodal age distribution has been reported, designated as the early onset form (median age 19.2 y) and the late-onset form (median age 56.2 y).
  • #22 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults
    Chronic pancreatitis is a syndrome involving inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of acinar and islet cells, which can manifest with pancreatic-type abdominal pain, steatorrhea, derangements in pancreatic function (exocrine and endocrine insufficiency), and visible pancreatic damage on imaging studies. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries.
  • #23 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults/print
    Chronic pancreatitis has a variety of etiologies with genetic and environmental risk factors for both initiation and disease progression, variable clinical and imaging features, and complications. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries. […] Alcohol is associated with approximately one-half of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in the United States.
  • #24 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    Men and women are almost equally affected in the United States. […] Men are more commonly affected by chronic pancreatitis than females in almost all countries except the United States. […] Alcoholic pancreatitis is more prevalent in developed or industrialized countries. […] Idiopathic and tropical pancreatitis is more prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries.
  • #25 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    The global incidence of pancreatitis has shown an alarming upward trend over the past few decades, driven by factors such as gallstone disease, alcohol consumption, smoking, and metabolic disorders like hypertriglyceridemia. […] Alcoholic pancreatitis typically follows a chronic course but can also present as an acute episode when large quantities of alcohol are consumed in a short time. […] Our study highlights significant socioeconomic and gender disparities in pancreatitis burden. […] ASIR was positively correlated with the SDI, indicating a higher burden in more socioeconomically developed regions. […] In contrast, mortality and DALY rates showed negative correlations with SDI, suggesting better healthcare access and management in higher SDI regions, leading to improved survival outcomes despite higher incidence.
  • #26 Chronic Pancreatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181554-overview
    Based on the estimates from hospital discharge data in the United States, approximately 87,000 cases of pancreatitis occur annually. […] Comparing the hospital admissions data from several cities around the globe, the overall frequency is similar. Expressed as number of cases per 1000 hospital admissions, the value for Marseille is 3.1; for Cape Town, 4.4; for Sao Paulo, 4.9; and for Mexico City, 4.4. When the data from several centers were compared over time, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis from 1945-1985 appeared to be increasing. […] Hospitalization rates for blacks are 3 times higher than for whites in the United States. In population studies, males are affected more commonly than females (6.7 vs 3.2 per 100,000 population). […] Differences in the hospitalization rates of patients with chronic pancreatitis exist with respect to sex. Rates in males peak between ages 45 and 54 years and then decline; female rates reach a plateau, which remains stable after age 35 years. […] In aggregate, the mean age at diagnosis is 46 years, plus or minus 13 years. In idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, a bimodal age distribution has been reported, designated as the early onset form (median age 19.2 y) and the late-onset form (median age 56.2 y).
  • #27 Chronic Pancreatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181554-overview
    Based on the estimates from hospital discharge data in the United States, approximately 87,000 cases of pancreatitis occur annually. […] Comparing the hospital admissions data from several cities around the globe, the overall frequency is similar. Expressed as number of cases per 1000 hospital admissions, the value for Marseille is 3.1; for Cape Town, 4.4; for Sao Paulo, 4.9; and for Mexico City, 4.4. When the data from several centers were compared over time, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis from 1945-1985 appeared to be increasing. […] Hospitalization rates for blacks are 3 times higher than for whites in the United States. In population studies, males are affected more commonly than females (6.7 vs 3.2 per 100,000 population). […] Differences in the hospitalization rates of patients with chronic pancreatitis exist with respect to sex. Rates in males peak between ages 45 and 54 years and then decline; female rates reach a plateau, which remains stable after age 35 years. […] In aggregate, the mean age at diagnosis is 46 years, plus or minus 13 years. In idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, a bimodal age distribution has been reported, designated as the early onset form (median age 19.2 y) and the late-onset form (median age 56.2 y).
  • #28 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #29 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    The mean or median age at time of study enrollment or diagnosis in most published studies show little variation over time and by geography. […] In most studies, 60-80% of CP patients are male, and population studies show higher incidence and prevalence of CP in men when compared with women. […] Differences in sex and age distribution is primarily related to the etiology of CP. […] Alcohol is the most common cause of CP in age group of 35-54 years. […] A growing recognition importance of genetic factors in causing pancreatitis, wide availability of cross-sectional imaging studies, such as MRCP that can identify anatomic abnormalities, acceptance of the relationship with smoking, and that autoimmune and other factors could explain a patients disease are likely some of the explanations for physicians to entertain the possibility of factors other than alcohol as the potential cause of CP in an individual patient.
  • #30 Incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of chronic pancreatitis: A 7-year population-based study
    https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i30/4671.htm
    Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Population-based estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce. […] To characterize the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province, China, with population-based data. […] The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years, and the incidence of CP increased each year, from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021. […] The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population, with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women. […] Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP (113.38 per 100000 individuals). […] Diabetes (26.32%) was the most common comorbidity in CP patients. […] The yearly incidence of CP is increasing, and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years, indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.
  • #31 Context | Pancreatitis | Guidance | NICE
    https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng104/chapter/Context
    Chronic pancreatitis is a continuous prolonged inflammatory process of the pancreas that results in fibrosis, cyst formation and stricturing of the pancreatic duct. […] The annual incidence of chronic pancreatitis in western Europe is about 5 new cases per 100,000 people, although this is probably an underestimate. […] The male to female ratio is 7:1 and the average age of onset is between 36 and 55 years. […] Alcohol is responsible for 7080% of cases of chronic pancreatitis. […] Chronic pancreatitis causes a significant reduction in pancreatic function and the majority of people have reduced exocrine (digestive) function and reduced endocrine function (diabetes). […] Chronic pancreatitis significantly increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. This risk is much higher in people with hereditary pancreatitis.
  • #32 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    The mean or median age at time of study enrollment or diagnosis in most published studies show little variation over time and by geography. […] In most studies, 60-80% of CP patients are male, and population studies show higher incidence and prevalence of CP in men when compared with women. […] Differences in sex and age distribution is primarily related to the etiology of CP. […] Alcohol is the most common cause of CP in age group of 35-54 years. […] A growing recognition importance of genetic factors in causing pancreatitis, wide availability of cross-sectional imaging studies, such as MRCP that can identify anatomic abnormalities, acceptance of the relationship with smoking, and that autoimmune and other factors could explain a patients disease are likely some of the explanations for physicians to entertain the possibility of factors other than alcohol as the potential cause of CP in an individual patient.
  • #33 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults
    Alcohol is associated with approximately one-half of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in the United States. […] Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis accounts for approximately 10 to 30 percent of all cases. […] Racial differences in chronic pancreatitis patients in the United States were studied in a prospective, multicenter cohort from 2000 to 2014 and found 248 of 1159 patients (21 percent) were Black. […] When compared with White patients, Black patients were significantly more likely to be former or current smokers and to have alcohol use as the etiology (77 versus 42 percent).
  • #34 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults/print
    Racial differences in chronic pancreatitis patients in the United States were studied in a prospective, multicenter cohort from 2000 to 2014 and found 248 of 1159 patients (21 percent) were Black. When compared with White patients, Black patients were significantly more likely to be former or current smokers and to have alcohol use as the etiology (77 versus 42 percent).
  • #35 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults/print
    Chronic pancreatitis has a variety of etiologies with genetic and environmental risk factors for both initiation and disease progression, variable clinical and imaging features, and complications. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries. […] Alcohol is associated with approximately one-half of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in the United States.
  • #36 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    The profile of patients with chronic pancreatitis has changed dramatically, with a precipitous drop in the proportion of cases related to alcohol and an upsurge in those with other etiologies, Dr. Gregory A. Coté and his colleagues reported online in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. […] The study identified alcohol as the sole cause of chronic pancreatitis in 35% of cases and as a contributing factor in another 9%. This is a marked decrease from the 60%-90% of cases attributed to alcohol historically. […] Historically, heavy alcohol use has been implicated as the cause of chronic pancreatitis in 60%-90% of cases diagnosed in Western countries, but recent reports from Europe and Japan have suggested that a wider spectrum of etiologies is emerging. […] This analysis, which the researchers described as „the largest epidemiologic study of chronic pancreatitis from the United States,” included 539 patients (mean age, 49 years), of whom 53% were men and 85% were white; the study also included 695 controls.
  • #37 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    The profile of patients with chronic pancreatitis has changed dramatically, with a precipitous drop in the proportion of cases related to alcohol and an upsurge in those with other etiologies, Dr. Gregory A. Coté and his colleagues reported online in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. […] The study identified alcohol as the sole cause of chronic pancreatitis in 35% of cases and as a contributing factor in another 9%. This is a marked decrease from the 60%-90% of cases attributed to alcohol historically. […] Historically, heavy alcohol use has been implicated as the cause of chronic pancreatitis in 60%-90% of cases diagnosed in Western countries, but recent reports from Europe and Japan have suggested that a wider spectrum of etiologies is emerging. […] This analysis, which the researchers described as „the largest epidemiologic study of chronic pancreatitis from the United States,” included 539 patients (mean age, 49 years), of whom 53% were men and 85% were white; the study also included 695 controls.
  • #38 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    The profile of patients with chronic pancreatitis has changed dramatically, with a precipitous drop in the proportion of cases related to alcohol and an upsurge in those with other etiologies, Dr. Gregory A. Coté and his colleagues reported online in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. […] The study identified alcohol as the sole cause of chronic pancreatitis in 35% of cases and as a contributing factor in another 9%. This is a marked decrease from the 60%-90% of cases attributed to alcohol historically. […] Historically, heavy alcohol use has been implicated as the cause of chronic pancreatitis in 60%-90% of cases diagnosed in Western countries, but recent reports from Europe and Japan have suggested that a wider spectrum of etiologies is emerging. […] This analysis, which the researchers described as „the largest epidemiologic study of chronic pancreatitis from the United States,” included 539 patients (mean age, 49 years), of whom 53% were men and 85% were white; the study also included 695 controls.
  • #39 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults
    Chronic pancreatitis is a syndrome involving inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of acinar and islet cells, which can manifest with pancreatic-type abdominal pain, steatorrhea, derangements in pancreatic function (exocrine and endocrine insufficiency), and visible pancreatic damage on imaging studies. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries.
  • #40 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults/print
    Chronic pancreatitis has a variety of etiologies with genetic and environmental risk factors for both initiation and disease progression, variable clinical and imaging features, and complications. […] Reliable population-based estimates of the epidemiology of chronic pancreatitis are not widely available as the diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis vary widely. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 25/100,000 and 92/100,000 persons, respectively. […] There are regional differences in the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis by etiology. Alcohol-related pancreatitis is more common in the West and Japan, as compared with other Asian countries. […] Alcohol is associated with approximately one-half of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in the United States.
  • #41 Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis in adults – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults
    Alcohol is associated with approximately one-half of all cases of chronic pancreatitis in the United States. […] Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis accounts for approximately 10 to 30 percent of all cases. […] Racial differences in chronic pancreatitis patients in the United States were studied in a prospective, multicenter cohort from 2000 to 2014 and found 248 of 1159 patients (21 percent) were Black. […] When compared with White patients, Black patients were significantly more likely to be former or current smokers and to have alcohol use as the etiology (77 versus 42 percent).
  • #42 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    Another „remarkable finding” was that more than one-fourth of all patients had no identifiable cause for their chronic pancreatitis. […] Data on trends in alcohol consumption are mixed „and do not explain the impressive shift in the etiologic profile,” Dr. Coté and his associates said. […] First, there may have been referral bias in that patients who are actively drinking might be less likely to seek a referral to expert centers, and physicians caring for such patients might be less likely to make a referral because they already know the cause and the treatment for the disorder. […] Second, genetic research in recent years has improved the ability to detect genetic factors that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. […] Third, advances in imaging technology may have led to the discovery of more anatomical abnormalities, such as strictures, pseudocysts, or pancreas divisum, that cause the pancreatitis. […] „Perhaps the most intriguing” finding in this study was an association with cigarette smoking. […] The discovery of this link „stresses the need to incorporate smoking cessation into the treatment algorithm for patients with chronic pancreatitis,” they added.
  • #43 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the past 20 years, several genetic susceptibility factors for pancreatitis have been identified, of which mutations in four genes (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC) are now routinely used in clinical practice, especially in patients with unexplained CP. […] After alcohol, the largest sub-group among CP patients is those in whom no specific cause has been identified. […] The most common clinical features of CP are abdominal pain and one or more attacks of acute pancreatitis – either of these are seen in approximately 90% of patients at some time during the clinical course. […] The impact of CP on the patients overall wellbeing and functioning has become a topic of growing interest in clinical research and practice. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer is increased in subjects with CP. […] In a large multicenter study that enrolled 2015 CP patients between 1946-1992 in 6 countries, the overall mortality rate at 10 years was 30% and 55% at 20 years from diagnosis.
  • #44 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    Another „remarkable finding” was that more than one-fourth of all patients had no identifiable cause for their chronic pancreatitis. […] Data on trends in alcohol consumption are mixed „and do not explain the impressive shift in the etiologic profile,” Dr. Coté and his associates said. […] First, there may have been referral bias in that patients who are actively drinking might be less likely to seek a referral to expert centers, and physicians caring for such patients might be less likely to make a referral because they already know the cause and the treatment for the disorder. […] Second, genetic research in recent years has improved the ability to detect genetic factors that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. […] Third, advances in imaging technology may have led to the discovery of more anatomical abnormalities, such as strictures, pseudocysts, or pancreas divisum, that cause the pancreatitis. […] „Perhaps the most intriguing” finding in this study was an association with cigarette smoking. […] The discovery of this link „stresses the need to incorporate smoking cessation into the treatment algorithm for patients with chronic pancreatitis,” they added.
  • #45 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major-shift
    Data on trends in alcohol consumption are mixed „and do not explain the impressive shift in the etiologic profile,” Dr. Cot and his associates said. […] Second, genetic research in recent years has improved the ability to detect genetic factors that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. […] Third, advances in imaging technology may have led to the discovery of more anatomical abnormalities, such as strictures, pseudocysts, or pancreas divisum, that cause the pancreatitis. […] „Perhaps the most intriguing” finding in this study was an association with cigarette smoking. […] The discovery of this link „stresses the need to incorporate smoking cessation into the treatment algorithm for patients with chronic pancreatitis,” they added.
  • #46 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    Another „remarkable finding” was that more than one-fourth of all patients had no identifiable cause for their chronic pancreatitis. […] Data on trends in alcohol consumption are mixed „and do not explain the impressive shift in the etiologic profile,” Dr. Coté and his associates said. […] First, there may have been referral bias in that patients who are actively drinking might be less likely to seek a referral to expert centers, and physicians caring for such patients might be less likely to make a referral because they already know the cause and the treatment for the disorder. […] Second, genetic research in recent years has improved the ability to detect genetic factors that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. […] Third, advances in imaging technology may have led to the discovery of more anatomical abnormalities, such as strictures, pseudocysts, or pancreas divisum, that cause the pancreatitis. […] „Perhaps the most intriguing” finding in this study was an association with cigarette smoking. […] The discovery of this link „stresses the need to incorporate smoking cessation into the treatment algorithm for patients with chronic pancreatitis,” they added.
  • #47 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis (25.07.2022)
    https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/226197
    In 2017, 24 patients per 100 000 population were hospitalized for chronic pancreatitis in Germany. […] Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease of the pancreas in which recurrent inflammatory episodes result in the replacement of pancreatic parenchyma by fibrous connective tissue. Alcohol consumption is the most common confirmed cause of chronic pancreatitis. […] In epidemiological studies, the risk from tobacco smoking is greater than that from alcohol consumption. […] In patients with hereditary pancreatitis, the risk of developing pancreatic cancer is increased 9 to 70-fold.
  • #48 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis Shows Major Shift | MDedge
    https://mdedge.com/internalmedicinenews/article/24695/gastroenterology/epidemiology-chronic-pancreatitis-shows-major
    Another „remarkable finding” was that more than one-fourth of all patients had no identifiable cause for their chronic pancreatitis. […] Data on trends in alcohol consumption are mixed „and do not explain the impressive shift in the etiologic profile,” Dr. Coté and his associates said. […] First, there may have been referral bias in that patients who are actively drinking might be less likely to seek a referral to expert centers, and physicians caring for such patients might be less likely to make a referral because they already know the cause and the treatment for the disorder. […] Second, genetic research in recent years has improved the ability to detect genetic factors that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. […] Third, advances in imaging technology may have led to the discovery of more anatomical abnormalities, such as strictures, pseudocysts, or pancreas divisum, that cause the pancreatitis. […] „Perhaps the most intriguing” finding in this study was an association with cigarette smoking. […] The discovery of this link „stresses the need to incorporate smoking cessation into the treatment algorithm for patients with chronic pancreatitis,” they added.
  • #49 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #50 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #51 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    Alcohol use remains a leading modifiable risk factor for pancreatitis, accounting for over 15% of global deaths. […] Our BAPC model projects a continued decline in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR through 2050, reflecting ongoing improvements in disease management and preventive measures. […] This study is the first to utilize the latest GBD 2021 database to analyze temporal trends in pancreatitis, providing valuable insights into the evolving burden of pancreatitis and serves as a scientific basis for enhancing global prevention and control measures.
  • #52 Changing phenotype and disease behaviour of chronic pancreatitis in India: evidence for gene–environment interactions | Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-health-epidemiology-and-genomics/article/changing-phenotype-and-disease-behaviour-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-india-evidence-for-geneenvironment-interactions/CF83D65BCFD8BDC0FC85E5006E0ECB19
    The arguments that have been made above regarding the change in phenotype and socio-economic development could just be hypothetical. However, when we look at the data, the relationship acquires a real dimension. […] In general, 15-20% of Indian people consume alcohol and the number of drinkers has increased from one in 300 to one in 20 over the past 20 years. The national average per capita consumption of alcohol is 4 litres but that of Kerala stands first at 8.3 litres. The age at which people begin to consume alcohol has come down from 19 years in 1986 to 14 years in 1990 in Kerala. This has led to an increase in many social problems: increase in alcohol related diseases, traffic accidents, violence, and mortality. In the context of CP, alcoholic CP has been increasing over time e.g. it accounted for only 2% of all CP in Kerala in the year 1984, which increased dramatically to 33% in 2004.
  • #53 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    The mean or median age at time of study enrollment or diagnosis in most published studies show little variation over time and by geography. […] In most studies, 60-80% of CP patients are male, and population studies show higher incidence and prevalence of CP in men when compared with women. […] Differences in sex and age distribution is primarily related to the etiology of CP. […] Alcohol is the most common cause of CP in age group of 35-54 years. […] A growing recognition importance of genetic factors in causing pancreatitis, wide availability of cross-sectional imaging studies, such as MRCP that can identify anatomic abnormalities, acceptance of the relationship with smoking, and that autoimmune and other factors could explain a patients disease are likely some of the explanations for physicians to entertain the possibility of factors other than alcohol as the potential cause of CP in an individual patient.
  • #54 Incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis: defining the optimal subgroup for surveillance | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26411-8
    We aimed to present the incidence and risk factors for pancreatic cancer in a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). […] During 3290 person-years of observation, pancreatic cancers were diagnosed in 16 patients (2.20%, 0.49% per year) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range 1.46.6), with an age- and sex-standardized incidence ratio of 18.1 (95% CI 10.429.5). […] Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is one of the major risk groups for pancreatic cancer, and the relative risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been reported to be as high as 7.668.1 times. […] The incidence of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been mainly investigated in Western countries, where it was reported to be 1.02.6%. […] The incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP have rarely been reported in South Korea.
  • #55 Incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis: defining the optimal subgroup for surveillance | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26411-8
    We aimed to present the incidence and risk factors for pancreatic cancer in a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). […] During 3290 person-years of observation, pancreatic cancers were diagnosed in 16 patients (2.20%, 0.49% per year) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range 1.46.6), with an age- and sex-standardized incidence ratio of 18.1 (95% CI 10.429.5). […] Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is one of the major risk groups for pancreatic cancer, and the relative risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been reported to be as high as 7.668.1 times. […] The incidence of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been mainly investigated in Western countries, where it was reported to be 1.02.6%. […] The incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP have rarely been reported in South Korea.
  • #56 Incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis: defining the optimal subgroup for surveillance | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26411-8
    We aimed to present the incidence and risk factors for pancreatic cancer in a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). […] During 3290 person-years of observation, pancreatic cancers were diagnosed in 16 patients (2.20%, 0.49% per year) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range 1.46.6), with an age- and sex-standardized incidence ratio of 18.1 (95% CI 10.429.5). […] Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is one of the major risk groups for pancreatic cancer, and the relative risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been reported to be as high as 7.668.1 times. […] The incidence of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP has been mainly investigated in Western countries, where it was reported to be 1.02.6%. […] The incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP have rarely been reported in South Korea.
  • #57 Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0315/p385.html
    Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible and progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring. […] Data from case series and cross-sectional studies estimate that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis is between about four and 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Data on prevalence are scarce, with estimates ranging from 37 to 42 per 100,000 persons. […] Patients with hereditary pancreatitis have a 10-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population. […] Therefore, some experts suggest offering counseling and screening to patients with hereditary pancreatitis beginning at 40 years of age. The most recommended screening methods are EUS, CT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; there is no consensus on screening interval. Additionally, patients with chronic pancreatitis who exhibit a change in clinical symptoms (pain, weight loss, jaundice) should be evaluated for neoplasm. […] All patients at increased risk of cancer should be counseled on mitigating risk factors, especially alcohol and tobacco use.
  • #58 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    While chronic pancreatitis is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer, international guidelines established in 2020 do not recommend routine pancreatic cancer screening for all chronic pancreatitis patients, considering the cost-effectiveness ratio. However, hereditary pancreatitis shows a standardized incidence ratio of 5387 times higher, particularly with PRSS1 gene mutations, justifying regular surveillance for pancreatic cancer in these patients. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer varies significantly depending on the presence and type of genetic mutations in chronic pancreatitis, making it essential to establish guidelines for pancreatic cancer screening tailored to each risk level. While pancreatic cancer surveillance is justified for PRSS1 hereditary chronic pancreatitis, screening and periodic follow-up are not yet recommended for hereditary chronic pancreatitis with other genetic mutations and sporadic chronic pancreatitis. Surveillance can be considered for PRSS1 hereditary chronic pancreatitis patients starting at age 40, with CT or MRI as suitable screening methods, but not EUS. In sporadic chronic pancreatitis patients with various pancreatic cancer risk factors, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, pancreatic cancer screening and surveillance based on individual symptoms and circumstances can be considered during the first five years after chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, when the incidence of pancreatic cancer remains high.
  • #59 Chronic pancreatitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-pancreatitis-2?lang=us
    Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. […] The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in adults is excessive alcohol consumption in developed countries. It was formerly thought that malnutrition in developing countries was a cause of chronic pancreatitis, but this myth has since been dispelled. […] The major risk factors for the development of chronic pancreatitis may be categorized according to the TIGAR-O system: T: toxic-metabolic (e.g. alcohol), I: idiopathic, G: genetic, A: autoimmune, R: recurrent, O: obstructive (e.g. choledocholithiasis, pancreatic head tumor). […] After 20 years of chronic pancreatitis, there is a 6% cumulative risk of developing pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
  • #60 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    Chronic pancreatitis, a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer, necessitates monitoring for pancreatic cancer development. Chronic pancreatitis can be broadly categorized into hereditary and sporadic. Given the variability in the risk for pancreatic cancer based on the presence and type of genetic mutations, it is crucial to establish and be aware of guidelines for screening and surveillance tailored to each risk level. […] In cases of hereditary chronic pancreatitis with PRSS1 mutations, patients demonstrated a high incidence of pancreatic cancer, justifying the rationale for screening and surveillance. However, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is relatively low in hereditary chronic pancreatitis with other genetic mutations and sporadic chronic pancreatitis; thus, precise screening and periodic surveillance are not recommended.
  • #61 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    While chronic pancreatitis is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer, international guidelines established in 2020 do not recommend routine pancreatic cancer screening for all chronic pancreatitis patients, considering the cost-effectiveness ratio. However, hereditary pancreatitis shows a standardized incidence ratio of 5387 times higher, particularly with PRSS1 gene mutations, justifying regular surveillance for pancreatic cancer in these patients. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer varies significantly depending on the presence and type of genetic mutations in chronic pancreatitis, making it essential to establish guidelines for pancreatic cancer screening tailored to each risk level. While pancreatic cancer surveillance is justified for PRSS1 hereditary chronic pancreatitis, screening and periodic follow-up are not yet recommended for hereditary chronic pancreatitis with other genetic mutations and sporadic chronic pancreatitis. Surveillance can be considered for PRSS1 hereditary chronic pancreatitis patients starting at age 40, with CT or MRI as suitable screening methods, but not EUS. In sporadic chronic pancreatitis patients with various pancreatic cancer risk factors, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, pancreatic cancer screening and surveillance based on individual symptoms and circumstances can be considered during the first five years after chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, when the incidence of pancreatic cancer remains high.
  • #62 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    For individuals with PRSS1 mutation-related hereditary chronic pancreatitis, surveillance may be considered from the age of 40 years. While computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is suitable for pancreatic cancer screening, endoscopic ultrasonography is not recommended because of parenchymal inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. However, in cases of sporadic chronic pancreatitis where various risk factors for pancreatic cancer coexist, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, in 5 years after the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed to continuously increase. In such cases, individualized screening tests and surveillance based on the patients symptoms and specific circumstances must be considered. […] It is necessary to selectively monitor patients with chronic pancreatitis who are at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, appropriate screening methods for high-risk chronic pancreatitis patients requiring periodic pancreatic cancer screening have not yet been established.
  • #63 Cited
    https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?RID=2559187
    Chronic pancreatitis, a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer, necessitates monitoring for pancreatic cancer development. […] Given the variability in the risk for pancreatic cancer based on the presence and type of genetic mutations, it is crucial to establish and be aware of guidelines for screening and surveillance tailored to each risk level. […] In cases of hereditary chronic pancreatitis with PRSS1 mutations, patients demonstrated a high incidence of pancreatic cancer, justifying the rationale for screening and surveillance. […] However, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is relatively low in hereditary chronic pancreatitis with other genetic mutations and sporadic chronic pancreatitis; thus, precise screening and periodic surveillance are not recommended. […] For individuals with PRSS1 mutation-related hereditary chronic pancreatitis, surveillance may be considered from the age of 40 years.
  • #64 Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0315/p385.html
    Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible and progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring. […] Data from case series and cross-sectional studies estimate that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis is between about four and 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Data on prevalence are scarce, with estimates ranging from 37 to 42 per 100,000 persons. […] Patients with hereditary pancreatitis have a 10-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population. […] Therefore, some experts suggest offering counseling and screening to patients with hereditary pancreatitis beginning at 40 years of age. The most recommended screening methods are EUS, CT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; there is no consensus on screening interval. Additionally, patients with chronic pancreatitis who exhibit a change in clinical symptoms (pain, weight loss, jaundice) should be evaluated for neoplasm. […] All patients at increased risk of cancer should be counseled on mitigating risk factors, especially alcohol and tobacco use.
  • #65 Chronic Pancreatitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1201/p1679.html
    The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend screening average-risk persons for pancreatic neoplasm. However, patients with chronic pancreatitis, especially hereditary pancreatitis, have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Hence, some experts have recommended offering screening and counseling to patients with hereditary pancreatitis who are older than 40 years. […] Dual-phase helical CT is 98 percent sensitive (i.e., 98 percent of patients with malignancy will have an abnormal test) but relatively nonspecific; it is a good initial test for patients with suspected malignancy. […] In patients with a negative CT result but in whom there is a high index of suspicion, EUS-guided FNAB, ERCP, and tumor markers may be considered. […] Patients should be counseled against continued use of alcohol and tobacco because both increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.
  • #66 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    For individuals with PRSS1 mutation-related hereditary chronic pancreatitis, surveillance may be considered from the age of 40 years. While computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is suitable for pancreatic cancer screening, endoscopic ultrasonography is not recommended because of parenchymal inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. However, in cases of sporadic chronic pancreatitis where various risk factors for pancreatic cancer coexist, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, in 5 years after the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed to continuously increase. In such cases, individualized screening tests and surveillance based on the patients symptoms and specific circumstances must be considered. […] It is necessary to selectively monitor patients with chronic pancreatitis who are at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, appropriate screening methods for high-risk chronic pancreatitis patients requiring periodic pancreatic cancer screening have not yet been established.
  • #67 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    For individuals with PRSS1 mutation-related hereditary chronic pancreatitis, surveillance may be considered from the age of 40 years. While computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is suitable for pancreatic cancer screening, endoscopic ultrasonography is not recommended because of parenchymal inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. However, in cases of sporadic chronic pancreatitis where various risk factors for pancreatic cancer coexist, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, in 5 years after the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed to continuously increase. In such cases, individualized screening tests and surveillance based on the patients symptoms and specific circumstances must be considered. […] It is necessary to selectively monitor patients with chronic pancreatitis who are at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, appropriate screening methods for high-risk chronic pancreatitis patients requiring periodic pancreatic cancer screening have not yet been established.
  • #68 Cited
    https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?RID=2559187
    However, in cases of sporadic chronic pancreatitis where various risk factors for pancreatic cancer coexist, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. […] Therefore, in 5 years after the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed to continuously increase. […] In such cases, individualized screening tests and surveillance based on the patients symptoms and specific circumstances must be considered.
  • #69 Incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis: defining the optimal subgroup for surveillance | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26411-8
    Although the incidence of pancreatic cancer is high in among patients with CP, surveillance of all patients with CP is not recommended because the incidence of pancreatic cancer itself is not high enough for surveillance. […] Therefore, it is recommended to select and monitor a subgroup of patients with CP with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. […] In our study, the incidence of pancreatic cancer was 0.49% per year in all CP patients; however, the annual incidences of pancreatic cancer in patients with significant risk factors, such as age greater than 60 years, no parenchymal calcification, pancreatic duct stricture, and CA 199 levels greater than 100 U/mL increased the incidence of pancreatic cancer to 0.98%, 1.13%, 0.96%, and 2.31%, respectively, which is close to or greater than 1%. […] Therefore, it is necessary to perform surveillance for CP subgroups that have each risk factor, and in particular, if two or more risk factors are satisfied, a more careful follow-up is needed.
  • #70 Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0315/p385.html
    Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible and progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring. […] Data from case series and cross-sectional studies estimate that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis is between about four and 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Data on prevalence are scarce, with estimates ranging from 37 to 42 per 100,000 persons. […] Patients with hereditary pancreatitis have a 10-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population. […] Therefore, some experts suggest offering counseling and screening to patients with hereditary pancreatitis beginning at 40 years of age. The most recommended screening methods are EUS, CT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; there is no consensus on screening interval. Additionally, patients with chronic pancreatitis who exhibit a change in clinical symptoms (pain, weight loss, jaundice) should be evaluated for neoplasm. […] All patients at increased risk of cancer should be counseled on mitigating risk factors, especially alcohol and tobacco use.
  • #71 Chronic Pancreatitis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management Updates – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32647920/
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis-the development of pancreatic cancer-has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #72
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-020-01360-6
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis—the development of pancreatic cancer—has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #73 Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mass-forming-chronic-pancreatitis?lang=us
    Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis occurs in around 30% of cases of chronic pancreatitis, where a mass or a focal enlargement of the pancreas is usually seen on imaging. In many instances, it poses a challenge as the epidemiology and imaging appearances overlap those of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. […] ~ 30% of patients with chronic pancreatitis. […] ~ 70% of mass-forming chronic pancreatitis manifests in the pancreatic head.
  • #74 Tailored Surveillance Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis
    https://www.jdcr.org/journal/view.html?uid=345&vmd=Full
    For individuals with PRSS1 mutation-related hereditary chronic pancreatitis, surveillance may be considered from the age of 40 years. While computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is suitable for pancreatic cancer screening, endoscopic ultrasonography is not recommended because of parenchymal inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. However, in cases of sporadic chronic pancreatitis where various risk factors for pancreatic cancer coexist, the incidence of pancreatic cancer significantly increases. Therefore, in 5 years after the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed to continuously increase. In such cases, individualized screening tests and surveillance based on the patients symptoms and specific circumstances must be considered. […] It is necessary to selectively monitor patients with chronic pancreatitis who are at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, appropriate screening methods for high-risk chronic pancreatitis patients requiring periodic pancreatic cancer screening have not yet been established.
  • #75 Follow-up of patients with pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis: Outcome and surveillance
    https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i26/8612.htm
    The frequency of pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis is not well known and little data exist. […] In conclusion, we suggest that according to specific characteristics of patient, detection of pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis should lead a close surveillance program for pancreatic cancer with EUS in less than 1 mo or directly to surgical resection.
  • #76 Chronic Pancreatitis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management Updates – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32647920/
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis-the development of pancreatic cancer-has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #77
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-020-01360-6
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis—the development of pancreatic cancer—has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #78 Chronic Pancreatitis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management Updates – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32647920/
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis-the development of pancreatic cancer-has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #79
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-020-01360-6
    Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. […] The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. […] Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. […] The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. […] The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis—the development of pancreatic cancer—has no known prevention measure to date.
  • #80 Epidemiology and burden of adult chronic pancreatitis in South Australia: a 20-year data linkage study | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e089297
    Objectives To investigate the epidemiology and burden of adult-onset chronic pancreatitis (CP) in South Australia. […] A total of 2503 incident index cases with CP were identified. The crude prevalence and incidence were estimated as 195.1 per 100000 and 10.4 per 100000 per annum, respectively. […] CP is a significant burden on the SA healthcare system and was more prevalent and more burdensome in Indigenous adults. […] Our findings support further research and preventive efforts, particularly in the Indigenous population. […] This is the first whole-of-population study to describe the epidemiology and healthcare burden of adult CP in Australia. […] The estimated crude prevalence of CP does not account for deaths outside of hospital, changes in population size and patients moving out of SA, meaning the true prevalence is likely lower than reported.
  • #81 Chronic pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chronic_pancreatitis_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence of chronic pancreatitis and the number of hospital admissions is increasing in most countries worldwide. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] In 2004, the incidence of chronic pancreatitis was estimated to be 8.1 per 100,000 individuals in the United States of America. […] In United States, chronic pancreatitis results in: 122,000 outpatient visits per year. 56,000 hospitalizations per year. […] Changes in lifestyle modifications such as smoking and alcohol cessation may result in slowing the progression and reducing the incidence of chronic pancreatitis. […] A rising level of per capita alcohol consumption is correlated with an increasing prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. […] The incidence of chronic pancreatitis increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 49-59.9 years.
  • #82 Incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of chronic pancreatitis: A 7-year population-based study
    https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i30/4671.htm
    Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Population-based estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce. […] To characterize the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province, China, with population-based data. […] The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years, and the incidence of CP increased each year, from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021. […] The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population, with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women. […] Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP (113.38 per 100000 individuals). […] Diabetes (26.32%) was the most common comorbidity in CP patients. […] The yearly incidence of CP is increasing, and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years, indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.
  • #83
    https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2020/10001/s0035_epidemiology_and_risk_of_stroke_among.35.aspx
    The consequences of chronic pancreatitis (CP) may not only be localized to the pancreas or restricted to the gastrointestinal tract but could also be systemic. However, its correlations with cerebrovascular disease has not yet been fully explored. Using a large database, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and risk of stroke in CP patients in the United States and identify underlying associations. […] There were 650 (0.90%) new strokes after at least 30 days amongst CP patients. Compared to the general population, patients with CP were at a significantly increased risk of both ischemic and embolic strokes. […] This is the largest study to date to evaluate the risk of stroke among CP patients. Compared to the general population, patients with history of CP were significantly associated with increased risk of both ischemic and embolic strokes secondary to higher prevalence of comorbidities and possibly related to chronic inflammatory status that accelerates atherosclerosis. More prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and further delineate this risk association.
  • #84 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2004–2018 | Health.mil
    https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2020/10/01/Acute-and-Chronic-Pancreatitis-MSMR-2020?type=Articles&page=7
    This is the first MSMR report of the incidence of acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the U.S. Armed Forces. Over the 15-year surveillance period, these relatively rare conditions were diagnosed in 6,471 and 893 active component service members, respectively. […] AP and CP can significantly degrade the military operational capabilities of affected service members due to the various symptoms of the disorders. As a result, applicants for military service with a history of AP or CP are disqualified from service unless their AP was due to gallstones and was successfully treated by cholecystectomy. Furthermore, CP may result in long-term disability and predisposes patients to pancreatic cancer. […] Population-based estimates of the epidemiology of CP are highly variable as there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for this condition. However, limited evidence suggests that the incidence of CP in the U.S. general population ranges from 4 to 32 per 100,000 persons.
  • #85 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2004–2018 | Health.mil
    https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2020/10/01/Acute-and-Chronic-Pancreatitis-MSMR-2020?type=Articles&page=7
    AP and CP can significantly degrade the military operational capabilities of affected service members due to the various symptoms of the disorders. As a result, histories of AP, unless due to gallstones and successfully treated by cholecystectomy, and CP are disqualifying conditions for entrance into the U.S. military. […] The current analysis describes the incidence of both forms of pancreatitis during 2004-2018 by demographic and military characteristics, examines the age of onset of both AP and CP, determines the median number of AP attacks per affected individual, and identifies the proportion of incident AP cases that progressed to CP.
  • #86 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the past 20 years, several genetic susceptibility factors for pancreatitis have been identified, of which mutations in four genes (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC) are now routinely used in clinical practice, especially in patients with unexplained CP. […] After alcohol, the largest sub-group among CP patients is those in whom no specific cause has been identified. […] The most common clinical features of CP are abdominal pain and one or more attacks of acute pancreatitis – either of these are seen in approximately 90% of patients at some time during the clinical course. […] The impact of CP on the patients overall wellbeing and functioning has become a topic of growing interest in clinical research and practice. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer is increased in subjects with CP. […] In a large multicenter study that enrolled 2015 CP patients between 1946-1992 in 6 countries, the overall mortality rate at 10 years was 30% and 55% at 20 years from diagnosis.
  • #87 Pulsenotes | Chronic pancreatitis
    https://app.pulsenotes.com/surgery/hepatobiliary/notes/chronic-pancreatitis
    Chronic pancreatitis is an under-recognised condition. The incidence of chronic pancreatitis is around 8.6 per 100,000 population per year in the UK. The global prevalence of chronic pancreatitis varies and has been estimated between 13.5-52.4 per 100,000 population. The age of onset is largely dependent on the aetiology. Alcohol is the most common cause in Western populations seen in up to 80% of cases. […] Chronic pancreatitis is associated with a 2-13 fold increase risk of mortality and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is considered an independent risk factor for mortality.
  • #88 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the past 20 years, several genetic susceptibility factors for pancreatitis have been identified, of which mutations in four genes (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC) are now routinely used in clinical practice, especially in patients with unexplained CP. […] After alcohol, the largest sub-group among CP patients is those in whom no specific cause has been identified. […] The most common clinical features of CP are abdominal pain and one or more attacks of acute pancreatitis – either of these are seen in approximately 90% of patients at some time during the clinical course. […] The impact of CP on the patients overall wellbeing and functioning has become a topic of growing interest in clinical research and practice. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer is increased in subjects with CP. […] In a large multicenter study that enrolled 2015 CP patients between 1946-1992 in 6 countries, the overall mortality rate at 10 years was 30% and 55% at 20 years from diagnosis.
  • #89 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    This data has been replicated in more recent studies. […] Hospitalization in patients with CP could be due to AP flares, pain, maldigestion, and local complications. […] There is limited data on the direct and indirect costs related to the management of CP. […] Studies in the past few decades have informed different aspects of the epidemiology of CP. […] Future studies should focus on population distributions of CP in other parts of the world, the impact of imaging studies, environmental and other factors on disease estimates and trends between and within populations, determinants of healthcare utilization and health care cost from CP.
  • #90 Incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of chronic pancreatitis: A 7-year population-based study
    https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i30/4671.htm
    Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Population-based estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce. […] To characterize the incidence, prevalence, and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province, China, with population-based data. […] The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years, and the incidence of CP increased each year, from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021. […] The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population, with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women. […] Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP (113.38 per 100000 individuals). […] Diabetes (26.32%) was the most common comorbidity in CP patients. […] The yearly incidence of CP is increasing, and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years, indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.
  • #91 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    In the past 20 years, several genetic susceptibility factors for pancreatitis have been identified, of which mutations in four genes (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC) are now routinely used in clinical practice, especially in patients with unexplained CP. […] After alcohol, the largest sub-group among CP patients is those in whom no specific cause has been identified. […] The most common clinical features of CP are abdominal pain and one or more attacks of acute pancreatitis – either of these are seen in approximately 90% of patients at some time during the clinical course. […] The impact of CP on the patients overall wellbeing and functioning has become a topic of growing interest in clinical research and practice. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer is increased in subjects with CP. […] In a large multicenter study that enrolled 2015 CP patients between 1946-1992 in 6 countries, the overall mortality rate at 10 years was 30% and 55% at 20 years from diagnosis.
  • #92 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    This data has been replicated in more recent studies. […] Hospitalization in patients with CP could be due to AP flares, pain, maldigestion, and local complications. […] There is limited data on the direct and indirect costs related to the management of CP. […] Studies in the past few decades have informed different aspects of the epidemiology of CP. […] Future studies should focus on population distributions of CP in other parts of the world, the impact of imaging studies, environmental and other factors on disease estimates and trends between and within populations, determinants of healthcare utilization and health care cost from CP.
  • #93 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    This data has been replicated in more recent studies. […] Hospitalization in patients with CP could be due to AP flares, pain, maldigestion, and local complications. […] There is limited data on the direct and indirect costs related to the management of CP. […] Studies in the past few decades have informed different aspects of the epidemiology of CP. […] Future studies should focus on population distributions of CP in other parts of the world, the impact of imaging studies, environmental and other factors on disease estimates and trends between and within populations, determinants of healthcare utilization and health care cost from CP.
  • #94 Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021 | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
    https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03481-8
    Alcohol use remains a leading modifiable risk factor for pancreatitis, accounting for over 15% of global deaths. […] Our BAPC model projects a continued decline in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR through 2050, reflecting ongoing improvements in disease management and preventive measures. […] This study is the first to utilize the latest GBD 2021 database to analyze temporal trends in pancreatitis, providing valuable insights into the evolving burden of pancreatitis and serves as a scientific basis for enhancing global prevention and control measures.
  • #95 Epidemiology of Chronic Pancreatitis | Pancreapedia
    https://pancreapedia.org/reviews/epidemiology-of-chronic-pancreatitis
    This data has been replicated in more recent studies. […] Hospitalization in patients with CP could be due to AP flares, pain, maldigestion, and local complications. […] There is limited data on the direct and indirect costs related to the management of CP. […] Studies in the past few decades have informed different aspects of the epidemiology of CP. […] Future studies should focus on population distributions of CP in other parts of the world, the impact of imaging studies, environmental and other factors on disease estimates and trends between and within populations, determinants of healthcare utilization and health care cost from CP.
  • #96 Epidemiology and burden of adult chronic pancreatitis in South Australia: a 20-year data linkage study | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e089297
    The Indigenous population was significantly over-represented within the CP cohort. […] There is clearly a need for more detailed investigations of CP in the Indigenous Australian population. […] Our data have allowed for estimations of the prevalence and incidence of a condition previously undescribed epidemiologically within Australia.
  • #97 Epidemiology of chronic and acute pancreatitis in India (EPICAP-India): protocol for a multicentre study | BMJ Open Gastroenterology
    https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001562
    Acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are inflammatory conditions of the pancreas that cause local and systemic complications. The epidemiology of these conditions are not well-known in India. […] We plan to cover 110000 people across 10 geographically distributed sites in 10 states of India to estimate the burden and risk factors of CP. […] The burden and epidemiology of AP and CP in India are not known. […] Considering the impact of pancreatitis on the social, economic, and QoL of patients, families, and society, it is important to conduct a population-based study to estimate the burden of these conditions in India. […] This multicentre study is being conducted to estimate the burden (epidemiological, economic, and disability) due to CP and to identify environmental and genetic risk factors for CP in India using a case-control approach.
  • #98 Epidemiology of chronic and acute pancreatitis in India (EPICAP-India): protocol for a multicentre study | BMJ Open Gastroenterology
    https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001562
    In a parallel study, we will also estimate the annual incidence of AP in India through a hospital-based approach. […] This study will estimate the prevalence of CP, its risk factors and the annual incidence of AP in India using hospital-based surveillance for acute AP in 10 geographically defined areas across India. […] The study will provide critical information for planning pancreatitis-related services in the country.
  • #99 Epidemiology of chronic and acute pancreatitis in India (EPICAP-India): protocol for a multicentre study | BMJ Open Gastroenterology
    https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001562
    Acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are inflammatory conditions of the pancreas that cause local and systemic complications. The epidemiology of these conditions are not well-known in India. […] We plan to cover 110000 people across 10 geographically distributed sites in 10 states of India to estimate the burden and risk factors of CP. […] The burden and epidemiology of AP and CP in India are not known. […] Considering the impact of pancreatitis on the social, economic, and QoL of patients, families, and society, it is important to conduct a population-based study to estimate the burden of these conditions in India. […] This multicentre study is being conducted to estimate the burden (epidemiological, economic, and disability) due to CP and to identify environmental and genetic risk factors for CP in India using a case-control approach.