Przewlekła encefalopatia pourazowa
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Przewlekła encefalopatia pourazowa (CTE) to neurodegeneracyjna choroba o progresywnym przebiegu, prowadząca do otępienia, z postępem obserwowanym u około 68% pacjentów. Charakterystyczne jest etapowe pogarszanie funkcji neurologicznych, począwszy od zaburzeń behawioralnych i nastroju, aż do pełnoobjawowego otępienia. Wskaźnik śmiertelności wśród byłych sportowców z CTE jest trzykrotnie wyższy niż w populacji ogólnej, z podwyższonym ryzykiem samobójstwa, szczególnie w podgrupach z dominującymi zaburzeniami behawioralnymi. Ekspozycja na powtarzające się urazy głowy jest kluczowym czynnikiem rokowniczym: każdy dodatkowy rok uprawiania sportu kontaktowego zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju CTE o 15%, a każde 1000 uderzeń w głowę podnosi prawdopodobieństwo rozpoznania choroby o 21%. Modele uwzględniające intensywność uderzeń (przyspieszenie liniowe i rotacyjne) lepiej prognozują ciężkość CTE niż same dane o czasie trwania gry czy liczbie uderzeń.

Rokownicze aspekty przewlekłej encefalopatii pourazowej

Przewlekła encefalopatia pourazowa (chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE) to choroba neurodegeneracyjna związana z powtarzającymi się urazami głowy, która prowadzi do postępującego pogorszenia funkcji neurologicznych. Rokowanie w CTE jest trudne do jednoznacznego określenia, głównie z powodu niemożności diagnozowania tej choroby przyżyciowo oraz jej zmiennego przebiegu klinicznego.12

Charakter progresji choroby

CTE charakteryzuje się powolnym, postępującym przebiegiem, który w konsekwencji prowadzi do otępienia. Badania wykazały, że choroba ma charakter progresywny u około 68% pacjentów, co oznacza, że u większości osób z CTE dochodzi do stopniowego pogarszania się stanu klinicznego.34

Proces neurodegeneracyjny zazwyczaj postępuje etapowo, począwszy od niestabilności społecznej i zmian behawioralnych, aż do rozwoju otępienia. W małej podgrupie pacjentów, u których dominują objawy behawioralne lub zaburzenia nastroju, stan może pozostawać stabilny przez lata, zanim nastąpi progresja do kolejnych stadiów po okresie utajenia wynoszącym od 11 do 14 lat.5

Śmiertelność

Wskaźnik śmiertelności wśród byłych sportowców z CTE jest znacznie podwyższony. Badania wykazały, że umieralność w tej grupie jest trzykrotnie wyższa w porównaniu do zdrowych odpowiedników.6 Dodatkowo, u osób z CTE zaobserwowano zwiększone ryzyko samobójstwa, szczególnie w podgrupach pacjentów z dominującymi zaburzeniami behawioralnymi.7

Choroby współistniejące i powikłania

Badania wykazały związek między CTE a rozwojem wczesnego otępienia o charakterze parkinsonowskim. Ta korelacja sugeruje, że CTE może przyspieszać wystąpienie innych chorób neurodegeneracyjnych lub nasilać ich przebieg.8

Wśród młodych sportowców uczestniczących w sportach kontaktowych, ponad 40% (63 ze 152) miało zmiany patologiczne odpowiadające CTE w badaniach pośmiertnych. Oceny kliniczne u tych pacjentów wykazały częste występowanie objawów poznawczych, behawioralnych i zaburzeń nastroju, w tym depresji, apatii, impulsywności i zaburzeń podejmowania decyzji. Co istotne, częstość występowania tych objawów nie różniła się między osobami z CTE i bez CTE, co sugeruje, że objawy kliniczne mogą być spowodowane nie tylko przez CTE, ale także przez inne czynniki.910

Czynniki ryzyka wpływające na rokowanie

Kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na rokowanie jest ekspozycja na powtarzające się urazy głowy. Badania wykorzystujące dane z akcelerometrów u zawodników futbolu amerykańskiego wykazały, że:

  • Każdy dodatkowy rok uprawiania sportu kontaktowego wiązał się z 15% zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju CTE i 14% zwiększonym ryzykiem ciężkiej postaci CTE wśród osób z już zdiagnozowaną chorobą11
  • Każde dodatkowe 1000 uderzeń w głowę zwiększało prawdopodobieństwo rozpoznania CTE o 21% i o 13% ryzyko ciężkiej postaci CTE wśród osób z już zdiagnozowaną chorobą12
  • Modele uwzględniające intensywność uderzeń (przyspieszenie liniowe i rotacyjne) lepiej przewidują status CTE i jego ciężkość niż modele uwzględniające tylko czas trwania gry lub liczbę uderzeń w głowę13

Co ciekawe, badania wykazały, że lata gry są pozytywnie związane z patologią CTE, podczas gdy objawowe wstrząśnienia mózgu nie wykazują takiej korelacji. Sugeruje to, że inne regularnie występujące ekspozycje, takie jak powtarzające się urazy głowy bez wyraźnych objawów wstrząśnienia, mogą odgrywać kluczową rolę w rozwoju CTE.14

Ograniczenia terapeutyczne wpływające na rokowanie

Obecnie nie istnieje leczenie przyczynowe CTE, co znacząco wpływa na rokowanie. Dostępne są jedynie metody terapii objawowej, podobne do stosowanych w innych rodzajach otępienia.1516 Brak możliwości zatrzymania lub spowolnienia rozwoju CTE stanowi poważne wyzwanie dla prognozowania i poprawy jakości życia pacjentów.17

Wsparcie dla pacjentów z CTE jest podobne do pomocy oferowanej osobom z innymi formami otępienia, koncentrując się na zarządzaniu objawami i maksymalizacji funkcjonowania.18 Ze względu na nieodwracalny charakter CTE, najlepszą strategią pozostaje profilaktyka.1920

Perspektywy na przyszłość i możliwości poprawy rokowań

Projekt badawczy DIAGNOSE CTE może w przyszłości umożliwić wykrywanie i diagnozowanie CTE przyżyciowo, co przyspieszy badania nad czynnikami ryzyka, mechanizmami, epidemiologią, leczeniem i zapobieganiem tej chorobie.2122

Prowadzone są prace nad opracowaniem biomarkerów, które mogłyby wspierać diagnozę CTE za życia pacjenta. Obecne badania koncentrują się na dopracowaniu kryteriów diagnostycznych, takich jak kryteria zespołu encefalopatii pourazowej (traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, TES) oraz na identyfikacji objawów klinicznych najbardziej charakterystycznych dla CTE.23

Przyszłość badań nad CTE związana jest z lepszym rozpoznawaniem i wcześniejszym wykrywaniem tego podtypu otępienia, co może przełożyć się na opracowanie wytycznych klinicznych dotyczących zarówno wykrywania, jak i postępowania terapeutycznego. Ostatecznym celem jest opracowanie leków modyfikujących przebieg choroby i potencjalnie metod leczniczych.24

Wnioski prognostyczne

Przewlekła encefalopatia pourazowa pozostaje poważnym wyzwaniem diagnostycznym i terapeutycznym, co znacząco wpływa na rokowanie. Bieżące dane wskazują, że choroba ma charakter postępujący, prowadzący ostatecznie do otępienia, z możliwym okresem stabilizacji u niektórych pacjentów. Zwiększona śmiertelność, ryzyko samobójstwa oraz rozwój innych zaburzeń neurodegeneracyjnych stanowią istotne aspekty rokownicze.2526

Kluczowym czynnikiem determinującym rokowanie jest kumulatywna ekspozycja na powtarzające się urazy głowy, przy czym zarówno czas ekspozycji, jak i intensywność urazów mają znaczenie prognostyczne.2728 W obecnej sytuacji, wobec braku leczenia przyczynowego, profilaktyka pozostaje najskuteczniejszą strategią w odniesieniu do rokowania.29

Przyszłe badania koncentrujące się na przyżyciowej diagnostyce CTE oraz opracowaniu potencjalnych metod terapeutycznych modyfikujących przebieg choroby mogą znacząco zmienić perspektywy rokownicze dla pacjentów z tym schorzeniem.3031

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated trauma to the head. […] The disease often gets worse over time and can result in dementia. […] There is no specific treatment for the disease. […] Rates of CTE have been found to be about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries; however, population rates are unclear. […] Diagnosis of CTE cannot be made in living individuals; a clear diagnosis is only possible during an autopsy. […] No cure exists for CTE, and it cannot be diagnosed until a post-mortem autopsy is performed. […] Treatment is supportive as with other forms of dementia. […] Currently, there is no way to stop or slow the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Rates of disease are about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries. […] Tracking the epidemiology of CTE is difficult due to the inability to diagnose this syndrome during life.
  • #2 Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00872-x
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts, including boxers and American football, soccer, ice hockey, and rugby players. […] CTE cannot yet be diagnosed during life. […] Findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project should facilitate detection and diagnosis of CTE during life, and thereby accelerate research on risk factors, mechanisms, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of CTE. […] CTE is a neuropathological diagnosis and cannot currently be diagnosed during life because its clinical presentation has been until recently ill-defined, and because validated in vivo biomarkers for the detection of CTE neuropathology do not yet exist. […] Provisional clinical research diagnostic criteria for CTE have been proposed, including the traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) research criteria published in 2014.
  • #3 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #4 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain condition thought to be linked to repeated head injuries and blows to the head. It slowly gets worse over time and leads to dementia, but the right help and support can manage the symptoms. […] Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) cannot be cured, but medicines and other treatments can help your symptoms. […] If it’s thought you have chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the support you’ll have is similar to the help given to people with dementia.
  • #5 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #6 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #7 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #8 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #9 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in young athletes | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
    https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-young-athletes
    In a study of brains from contact sport players who died before reaching 30, more than 40% had chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. […] The findings confirm that CTE can occur even in young people, but more work is needed to determine how CTE relates to clinical symptoms. […] More than 40% of the donors (63 out of 152) had CTE based on established criteria. […] Clinical evaluations revealed frequent cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms. These included depression, apathy, impulsivity, and impaired decision-making. But the frequency of these symptoms didn’t differ between those with and without CTE. […] This study clearly shows that the pathology of CTE starts early, McKee says. The fact that over 40% of young contact and collision sport athletes in the UNITE Brain Bank have CTE is remarkable.
  • #10 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in young athletes | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
    https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-young-athletes
    But the findings suggest that the donors clinical symptoms were not caused by CTE alone. Instead, these symptoms might reflect a variety of factors. These may include different types of brain damage, environment, medical history, genetics, and mental health. To better understand which symptoms directly relate to CTE, further studies will need to compare the brain pathology and symptoms of people with and without a history of repetitive head impacts.
  • #11 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Each additional year of play was associated with 15% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630, 95%CI: 1.111.19, p=9.41013) and, amongst those with CTE, 14% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 450, 95% CI: 1.081.20, p=4.5107). […] Every additional estimated 1,000 head impacts was associated with 21% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630; 95%CI: 1.131.29, p=7.6109) and, among those with CTE, 13% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 448; 95%CI: 1.051.22, p=9.2104). […] These results suggest that models incorporating intensity of impacts (i.e., linear and rotational acceleration) have better model fit and are better at predicting CTE status and severity than models incorporating duration of play or number of hits to the head alone.
  • #12 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Each additional year of play was associated with 15% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630, 95%CI: 1.111.19, p=9.41013) and, amongst those with CTE, 14% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 450, 95% CI: 1.081.20, p=4.5107). […] Every additional estimated 1,000 head impacts was associated with 21% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630; 95%CI: 1.131.29, p=7.6109) and, among those with CTE, 13% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 448; 95%CI: 1.051.22, p=9.2104). […] These results suggest that models incorporating intensity of impacts (i.e., linear and rotational acceleration) have better model fit and are better at predicting CTE status and severity than models incorporating duration of play or number of hits to the head alone.
  • #13 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Each additional year of play was associated with 15% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630, 95%CI: 1.111.19, p=9.41013) and, amongst those with CTE, 14% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 450, 95% CI: 1.081.20, p=4.5107). […] Every additional estimated 1,000 head impacts was associated with 21% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630; 95%CI: 1.131.29, p=7.6109) and, among those with CTE, 13% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 448; 95%CI: 1.051.22, p=9.2104). […] These results suggest that models incorporating intensity of impacts (i.e., linear and rotational acceleration) have better model fit and are better at predicting CTE status and severity than models incorporating duration of play or number of hits to the head alone.
  • #14 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI), but the components of RHI exposure underlying this relationship are unclear. […] Only duration of play and PEM-derived measures are significantly associated with CTE pathology. […] Models incorporating cumulative linear or rotational acceleration have better model fit and are better predictors of CTE pathology than duration of play or cumulative head impacts alone. […] The finding that years of play is positively associated with CTE pathology, whereas symptomatic concussion is not, suggests that other regularly occurring exposures, such as RHI, may have an instrumental role in influencing CTE development. […] There was a significant association between duration of play, as well as the cumulative exposure measures, and CTE status (all ps0.001; Table 4), or severity (all ps0.001; Table 5), adjusted for age at death.
  • #15 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated trauma to the head. […] The disease often gets worse over time and can result in dementia. […] There is no specific treatment for the disease. […] Rates of CTE have been found to be about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries; however, population rates are unclear. […] Diagnosis of CTE cannot be made in living individuals; a clear diagnosis is only possible during an autopsy. […] No cure exists for CTE, and it cannot be diagnosed until a post-mortem autopsy is performed. […] Treatment is supportive as with other forms of dementia. […] Currently, there is no way to stop or slow the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Rates of disease are about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries. […] Tracking the epidemiology of CTE is difficult due to the inability to diagnose this syndrome during life.
  • #16 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy?lang=us
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy that is thought to result from mild repetitive head injury. The diagnosis can only be made by neuropathological examination. […] No disease-modifying treatment exists and thus management is supportive.
  • #17 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated trauma to the head. […] The disease often gets worse over time and can result in dementia. […] There is no specific treatment for the disease. […] Rates of CTE have been found to be about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries; however, population rates are unclear. […] Diagnosis of CTE cannot be made in living individuals; a clear diagnosis is only possible during an autopsy. […] No cure exists for CTE, and it cannot be diagnosed until a post-mortem autopsy is performed. […] Treatment is supportive as with other forms of dementia. […] Currently, there is no way to stop or slow the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Rates of disease are about 30% among those with a history of multiple head injuries. […] Tracking the epidemiology of CTE is difficult due to the inability to diagnose this syndrome during life.
  • #18 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain condition thought to be linked to repeated head injuries and blows to the head. It slowly gets worse over time and leads to dementia, but the right help and support can manage the symptoms. […] Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) cannot be cured, but medicines and other treatments can help your symptoms. […] If it’s thought you have chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the support you’ll have is similar to the help given to people with dementia.
  • #19 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia | Dementia Australia
    https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte-dementia
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia affects your brains ability to function. Repeated head injuries cause the condition. […] CTE dementia can be prevented, but theres no known cure. Support is available. […] There is no known cure for CTE dementia. Prevention is your best protection. But if youve been diagnosed with CTE dementia, there is treatment and support to help you live the best life you can. […] CTE is a condition where there can be a loss of regulation of behaviour, so it may be easy to feel irritable and angry or become aggressive, and often, this can be due to a minimal trigger such as a road rage incident, or feeling angry if someone’s in front of you in a queue, for example. […] CTE is the accumulation of head injury. We’re not talking about isolated one or two hits to the head. It’s very often hundreds if not thousands of hits to the head.
  • #20 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia | Dementia Australia
    https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte-dementia
    CTE is an irreversible condition, it’s progressive, being a type of dementia, and it forms the neurocognitive disorder criteria under DSM, as a type of dementia. […] The research is very exciting, and I mentioned connectomics, looking at patents of connection change, or special MRIs and PET scans for the future, and so, I thought I provide some examples. The future in CTE will really be about better recognition, earlier detection of this subtype of dementia, and simply thinking about it. […] We hope to help develop clinical guidelines for CTE, both for the detection and management, and research eventually will be targeted to disease modifying agents and cures hopefully, one day.
  • #21 Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00872-x
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts, including boxers and American football, soccer, ice hockey, and rugby players. […] CTE cannot yet be diagnosed during life. […] Findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project should facilitate detection and diagnosis of CTE during life, and thereby accelerate research on risk factors, mechanisms, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of CTE. […] CTE is a neuropathological diagnosis and cannot currently be diagnosed during life because its clinical presentation has been until recently ill-defined, and because validated in vivo biomarkers for the detection of CTE neuropathology do not yet exist. […] Provisional clinical research diagnostic criteria for CTE have been proposed, including the traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) research criteria published in 2014.
  • #22 Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00872-x
    Ultimately, it is anticipated that findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project and associated ancillary studies will facilitate the ability to detect and diagnose CTE during life and thereby accelerate research on risk factors, mechanisms, epidemiology, and, most importantly, treatment and prevention of CTE.
  • #23 Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00872-x
    Their validity in predicting neuropathological CTE diagnoses has recently been reported along with an item-level analysis suggesting that cognitive symptoms more than neuropsychiatric features are particularly valuable in predicting CTE pathology. […] An accurate diagnosis of CTE during life will require validated biomarkers of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. […] The primary endpoints of the study are to characterize the clinical presentation of CTE and to identify in vivo biomarkers that can support a probable CTE diagnosis. […] The DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project will lead to a rich dataset that will be used to further our understanding of CTE in terms of its clinical presentation, in vivo biomarkers, clinical research diagnostic criteria, and risk and resiliency factors for the development of CTE.
  • #24 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia | Dementia Australia
    https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte-dementia
    CTE is an irreversible condition, it’s progressive, being a type of dementia, and it forms the neurocognitive disorder criteria under DSM, as a type of dementia. […] The research is very exciting, and I mentioned connectomics, looking at patents of connection change, or special MRIs and PET scans for the future, and so, I thought I provide some examples. The future in CTE will really be about better recognition, earlier detection of this subtype of dementia, and simply thinking about it. […] We hope to help develop clinical guidelines for CTE, both for the detection and management, and research eventually will be targeted to disease modifying agents and cures hopefully, one day.
  • #25 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541013/
    The incidence of mortality among former players has been observed to be 3 times higher than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated a link between CTE and the development of early-onset Parkinsonian dementia. […] CTE is progressive in approximately 68% of patients. In a small subgroup with predominantly behavioral or mood symptoms, the condition may remain stable for years before progressing to other stages after a latency of 11 to 14 years. The neurodegenerative process sequentially progresses through stages of social instability and behavioral changes before advancing to dementia. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicide among these subsets of patients.
  • #26 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain condition thought to be linked to repeated head injuries and blows to the head. It slowly gets worse over time and leads to dementia, but the right help and support can manage the symptoms. […] Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) cannot be cured, but medicines and other treatments can help your symptoms. […] If it’s thought you have chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the support you’ll have is similar to the help given to people with dementia.
  • #27 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI), but the components of RHI exposure underlying this relationship are unclear. […] Only duration of play and PEM-derived measures are significantly associated with CTE pathology. […] Models incorporating cumulative linear or rotational acceleration have better model fit and are better predictors of CTE pathology than duration of play or cumulative head impacts alone. […] The finding that years of play is positively associated with CTE pathology, whereas symptomatic concussion is not, suggests that other regularly occurring exposures, such as RHI, may have an instrumental role in influencing CTE development. […] There was a significant association between duration of play, as well as the cumulative exposure measures, and CTE status (all ps0.001; Table 4), or severity (all ps0.001; Table 5), adjusted for age at death.
  • #28 Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39183-0
    Each additional year of play was associated with 15% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630, 95%CI: 1.111.19, p=9.41013) and, amongst those with CTE, 14% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 450, 95% CI: 1.081.20, p=4.5107). […] Every additional estimated 1,000 head impacts was associated with 21% increased odds of being diagnosed with CTE (df: 630; 95%CI: 1.131.29, p=7.6109) and, among those with CTE, 13% increased odds of being diagnosed with severe CTE (df: 448; 95%CI: 1.051.22, p=9.2104). […] These results suggest that models incorporating intensity of impacts (i.e., linear and rotational acceleration) have better model fit and are better at predicting CTE status and severity than models incorporating duration of play or number of hits to the head alone.
  • #29 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia | Dementia Australia
    https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte-dementia
    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia affects your brains ability to function. Repeated head injuries cause the condition. […] CTE dementia can be prevented, but theres no known cure. Support is available. […] There is no known cure for CTE dementia. Prevention is your best protection. But if youve been diagnosed with CTE dementia, there is treatment and support to help you live the best life you can. […] CTE is a condition where there can be a loss of regulation of behaviour, so it may be easy to feel irritable and angry or become aggressive, and often, this can be due to a minimal trigger such as a road rage incident, or feeling angry if someone’s in front of you in a queue, for example. […] CTE is the accumulation of head injury. We’re not talking about isolated one or two hits to the head. It’s very often hundreds if not thousands of hits to the head.
  • #30 Developing methods to detect and diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy during life: rationale, design, and methodology for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00872-x
    Ultimately, it is anticipated that findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project and associated ancillary studies will facilitate the ability to detect and diagnose CTE during life and thereby accelerate research on risk factors, mechanisms, epidemiology, and, most importantly, treatment and prevention of CTE.
  • #31 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) dementia | Dementia Australia
    https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte-dementia
    CTE is an irreversible condition, it’s progressive, being a type of dementia, and it forms the neurocognitive disorder criteria under DSM, as a type of dementia. […] The research is very exciting, and I mentioned connectomics, looking at patents of connection change, or special MRIs and PET scans for the future, and so, I thought I provide some examples. The future in CTE will really be about better recognition, earlier detection of this subtype of dementia, and simply thinking about it. […] We hope to help develop clinical guidelines for CTE, both for the detection and management, and research eventually will be targeted to disease modifying agents and cures hopefully, one day.