Podwójne ujście prawej komory
Etiologia i przyczyny

Podwójne ujście prawej komory (DORV) to wrodzona wada serca, w której zarówno aorta, jak i tętnica płucna odprowadzają krew z prawej komory, co prowadzi do nieprawidłowego krążenia krwi utlenowanej. Wada ta stanowi około 1-1,5% wszystkich wrodzonych wad serca, z częstością około 0,09/1000 żywych urodzeń. Patogeneza DORV wiąże się z zaburzeniami rozwojowymi grzebienia nerwowego i drugiego pola sercowego, a także mutacjami genetycznymi, m.in. w genie NPHP4, NKX2.5, GDF1 i CFC1. Delecje 22q11.2, trisomie 13, 18 oraz zespół CHARGE są często powiązane z DORV. Wada ta niemal zawsze współistnieje z ubytkiem przegrody międzykomorowej (VSD), który umożliwia przepływ krwi z lewej komory do aorty, a lokalizacja VSD (podaortalna, podpłucna, niezwiązana lub podwójna) determinuje typ DORV. Często występują także inne wady towarzyszące, takie jak koarktacja aorty, atrezja lub stenoza zastawki płucnej, przełożenie wielkich tętnic oraz wady poduszeczek wsierdziowych.

Etiologia podwójnego ujścia prawej komory

Podwójne ujście prawej komory (DORV – Double Outlet Right Ventricle) to wrodzona wada serca, w której zarówno tętnica płucna, jak i aorta są połączone z prawą komorą zamiast normalnego połączenia aorty z lewą komorą. W tej wadzie obie tętnice odprowadzają krew z prawej komory, co prowadzi do nieprawidłowego krążenia krwi ubogiej w tlen po całym organizmie12. Ta rzadka wada rozwojowa stanowi około 1-1,5% wszystkich wrodzonych wad serca, a jej częstość występowania szacuje się na około 0,09 przypadków na 1000 żywych urodzeń3.

Przyczyny rozwojowe

Dokładna przyczyna powstania podwójnego ujścia prawej komory nie jest w pełni poznana. Uważa się, że DORV jest wynikiem nieprawidłowego rozwoju fragmentu wyjściowego zarodkowej pętli komorowej w 3-4 tygodniu ciąży4. Wada ta rozwija się we wczesnym okresie życia płodowego, gdy formuje się serce56.

Podobnie jak w przypadku innych wad stożka sercowego (conotruncal defects), podejrzewa się, że DORV może mieć pochodzenie związane z nieprawidłowym rozwojem grzebienia nerwowego. Grzebień nerwowy odgrywa kluczową rolę w rozwoju przegrody sercowej. Badania wykazały, że całkowite usunięcie grzebienia nerwowego podczas rozwoju zarodkowego prowadzi do powstania wspólnego pnia tętniczego (truncus arteriosus). Z kolei delecje mniejszych fragmentów grzebienia nerwowego mogą powodować podwójne ujście prawej komory, zespół Eisenmengera czy tetralogię Fallota7.

Najnowsze badania sugerują, że serca z przetrwałym wspólnym pniem tętniczym, DORV i przełożeniem wielkich naczyń mogą mieć zahamowaną lub nieprawidłowo zainicjowaną rotację ściany mięśniowej drogi odpływu8. Potwierdzeniem tego jest odkrycie, że mutacje w genie NPHP4, zaangażowanym w tworzenie rzęsek ruchomych w pęcherzyku Kupffera, które wytwarzają asymetryczny przepływ płynu niezbędny dla normalnej asymetrii lewo-prawej, powodują wady lateralizacji, takie jak dekstrokardia, przełożenie wielkich naczyń, DORV i nieprawidłowości żyły głównej9.

Czynniki genetyczne

Chociaż większość przypadków DORV występuje sporadycznie, odnotowano również przypadki rodzinne10. Badania wykazały, że nieprawidłowości genetyczne mogą odgrywać istotną rolę w rozwoju tej wady:

  • Analiza FISH (fluorescencyjna hybrydyzacja in situ) wykazała delecje w regionie 22q11.2 u niektórych osób z tetralogią Fallota, DORV, przełożeniem wielkich naczyń i ubytkiem przegrody międzykomorowej w połączeniu z innymi wrodzonymi wadami serca11
  • DORV może być częścią złożonych wrodzonych wad serca u pacjentów z zespołem DiGeorge’a, zespołem velocardiofacial i zespołem wad stożka sercowego i twarzy12
  • Wadę tę powiązano również z trisomią 13 i 18 oraz tetrasomią 8p131415
  • DORV opisano u pacjentów z mutacjami w ludzkim czynniku transkrypcyjnym serca NKX2.516

Wady stożka sercowego wynikają z dysfunkcji grzebienia nerwowego i drugiego pola sercowego. Komórki progenitorowe serca są kontrolowane przez różne geny, takie jak GDF1 (19p13.11) i CFC1 (2q21.2), których mutacje mogą prowadzić do DORV17. Ponadto DORV zostało powiązane z anomaliami chromosomowymi, takimi jak zespół delecji 22q11.2, trisomia 13, trisomia 18 i zespół CHARGE18.

U myszy embriologicznych homozygotycznych dla mutacji JMJ, która wpływa na białko jądrowe jmj kodowane przez geny specyficzne dla komór, również zaobserwowano występowanie DORV19. Badania na modelach zwierzęcych opisały czynnik transkrypcyjny Pitx2, który odgrywa kluczową rolę w kierowaniu asymetryczną morfogenezą serca. W szczególności wykazano, że ektopowa ekspresja Pitx2c w rozwijającym się mięśniu sercowym koreluje z rozwojem DORV20.

Czynniki środowiskowe i stylu życia

Oprócz czynników genetycznych, różne czynniki środowiskowe i związane ze stylem życia mogą zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia DORV:

  • Palenie tytoniu podczas ciąży może zwiększać ryzyko pewnych wrodzonych wad serca u nienarodzonego dziecka2122
  • Narażenie matki na promieniowanie podczas zabiegów stomatologicznych lub medycznych23
  • Spożywanie alkoholu i używanie narkotyków2425
  • Ekspozycja na infekcje, szczególnie różyczkę lub inne infekcje wirusowe w pierwszym trymestrze ciąży2627
  • Przyjmowanie niektórych leków, takich jak leki na astmę, depresję, padaczkę, cukrzycę lub problemy skórne28
  • Niedobory żywieniowe, takie jak niedobór kwasu foliowego29

Cukrzyca przedciążowa

DORV, wspólny pień tętniczy, ubytek przegrody międzyprzedsionkowej, ubytek przegrody przedsionkowo-komorowej, ubytek przegrody międzykomorowej, przełożenie wielkich naczyń i tetralogia Fallota występują z większą częstością u dzieci matek z cukrzycą przedciążową niż w populacji ogólnej3031.

Mechanizmy teratogenne związane z cukrzycą przedciążową są prawdopodobnie związane ze zwiększoną produkcją reaktywnych form tlenu, upośledzoną proliferacją komórek i zmienioną ekspresją Gata-4, Gata-5 i czynnika wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego (VEGF). Według badań przeprowadzonych na ciężarnych szczurach z cukrzycą, suplementacja przeciwutleniaczem – witaminą E – zmniejszyła ciężkość wad rozwojowych u ich potomstwa, a suplementacja wody pitnej N-acetylocysteiną wyeliminowała występowanie AVSD, TOF i TGA oraz zmniejszyła częstość występowania ASD i VSD32.

Wady współistniejące

Podwójne ujście prawej komory niemal zawsze wiąże się z innymi wadami serca. Najważniejszą z nich jest ubytek przegrody międzykomorowej (VSD), który występuje praktycznie w każdym przypadku DORV i stanowi jedyne ujście dla przepływu krwi z lewej komory3334. VSD jest niezbędny w DORV, ponieważ umożliwia w niektórych przypadkach przepływ bogatej w tlen krwi z lewej komory do aorty i reszty ciała35.

Rodzaj DORV zależy od lokalizacji VSD w stosunku do wielkich tętnic36. VSD może być:

  • Podaortalny – gdy ubytek znajduje się tuż pod aortą37
  • Podpłucny – gdy ubytek znajduje się pod tętnicą płucną (ten typ DORV nazywany jest również anomalią Taussiga-Binga)38
  • Niezwiązany (lub odległy) – gdy ubytek nie znajduje się w pobliżu aorty ani tętnicy płucnej39
  • Podwójnie związany – gdy występują 2 ubytki przegrody międzykomorowej, jeden pod aortą, a drugi pod tętnicą płucną40

Rzadko przegroda międzykomorowa może być nieuszkodzona, bez ubytków, co stanowi około 5% przypadków w wieloośrodkowym badaniu opartym na 100 próbkach serc41.

Inne wady serca często występujące razem z DORV to4243:

  • Wady poduszeczek wsierdziowych (ściany oddzielające wszystkie cztery komory serca są słabo wykształcone lub nieobecne)
  • Koarktacja aorty (zwężenie aorty)
  • Problemy z zastawką mitralną
  • Atrezja płucna (zastawka płucna nie jest prawidłowo ukształtowana)
  • Stenoza zastawki płucnej (zwężenie zastawki płucnej)
  • Prawostronna łuk aorty (łuk aorty znajduje się po prawej stronie zamiast po lewej)
  • Przełożenie wielkich tętnic (aorta i tętnica płucna są zamienione miejscami)

Ubytki przegrody przedsionkowo-komorowej często występują w DORV, a ubytek często rozciąga się w kierunku jednej lub obu zastawek tętniczych44. Dodatkowo w DORV często występuje dodatkowy mięśniowy VSD, a dokładne zobrazowanie VSD mięśniowego wymaga uzyskania fazy rozkurczowej w tomografii komputerowej serca45.

W przypadkach z rozległymi wadami mięśniowymi, tzw. typu „szwajcarskiego sera”, naprawa dwukomorowa zwykle nie jest możliwa i konieczna jest naprawa jednokomorowa46.

Podsumowanie przyczyn podwójnego ujścia prawej komory

Podsumowując, patogeneza DORV jest obecnie uważana za wynik zaburzenia migracji pochodnych grzebienia nerwowego oraz upośledzenia prawidłowego położenia i zapętlenia serca47. Pomimo postępów w badaniach, w większości przypadków dokładna przyczyna DORV pozostaje nieznana4849. Warto podkreślić, że rodzice nie powinni obwiniać się za wystąpienie tej wady u dziecka, ponieważ w większości przypadków nie mają nad tym kontroli5051.

Choć podwójne ujście prawej komory jest poważną wadą serca, obecnie możliwe jest jej leczenie poprzez operację kardiochirurgiczną, której rodzaj i zakres zależy od specyficznego typu DORV oraz obecności innych wad towarzyszących52.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 16.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Double outlet right ventricle : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007328.htm
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs), instead of to the left ventricle (LV, the chamber that normally pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body). […] In DORV, both arteries flow out of the RV. This is a problem because the RV pumps oxygen-poor blood. This blood is then circulated throughout the body. […] Another defect called a ventricular septal defect (VSD) always occurs with DORV. […] The difference between these types is the location of the VSD as it relates to the location of the pulmonary artery and aorta. […] The presence of pulmonary valve stenosis also affects the condition. […] People with DORV often have other heart defects, such as: Endocardial cushion defects (the walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent), Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta), Mitral valve problems, Pulmonary atresia (pulmonary valve does not form properly), Pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), Right-sided aortic arch (aortic arch is on right instead of the left), Transposition of the great arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched).
  • #2 Double outlet right ventricle – UF Health
    https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs), instead of to the left ventricle (LV, the chamber that normally pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body). […] In DORV, both arteries flow out of the RV. This is a problem because the RV carries oxygen-poor blood. This blood is then circulated throughout the body. […] Another defect called a ventricular septal defect (VSD) always occurs with DORV. […] Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart disease in which the aorta and pulmonary artery rise from the right ventricle. This configuration allows oxygen-poor blood, to be carried throughout the body. The body is not able to get enough oxygen, causing the heart to work harder to try to bring more oxygen-rich blood to the body.
  • #3 Double Outlet Right Ventricle Surgery: Background, Problem, Relevant Anatomy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/904397-overview
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) refers to a heterogeneous series of associated cardiac anomalies that involve the right ventricular outflow tract in which both of the great arteries arise entirely or predominantly from the right ventricle. […] In the United States, the incidence of double outlet right ventricle is an estimated 0.09 cases per 1000 live births. Double outlet right ventricle comprises about 1-1.5% of all congenital heart disease. No specific causal agent or predictive event has been identified. […] The definition of a double outlet right ventricle (DORV) has been a point of controversy among professionals in the field of congenital heart surgery. […] In general, from a surgical perspective, defining the lesion as double outlet right ventricle is reasonable when more than 50% of both of the great arteries arise from the right ventricle.
  • #4 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #5 Double-outlet right ventricle – Overview – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle/cdc-20389537
    In double-outlet right ventricle, the lower right heart chamber, called the right ventricle, has two openings for blood to exit instead of one. Some blood goes to the body instead of just the lungs. […] Double-outlet right ventricle is a heart condition present at birth. That means it’s a congenital heart defect. […] The exact cause of a double-outlet right ventricle is not known. The condition happens when the unborn baby, also called a fetus, is developing before birth. […] Gene changes, some medicines or health conditions, and environmental or lifestyle factors may play a role. Smoking while pregnant also may increase the risk of certain congenital heart defects in an unborn baby. […] Double-outlet right ventricle may occur with other heart conditions present at birth such as other holes in the heart and blood vessel or heart valve changes.
  • #6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle – Seattle Children’s Hospital
    https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle/
    Double-outlet right ventricle is a birth defect of the heart. […] Doctors do not know why it happens. They think it occurs early in the pregnancy when the babys heart is forming. […] Babies are born with this heart defect.
  • #7 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-and-Causes-of-Double-Outlet-Right-Ventricle.aspx
    To date, no predictive factor or specific causal agent has been identified in the development and pathogenesis of DORV. […] However, like other conotruncal defects of the heart, it is speculated that DORV may have a neural crest origin. […] The neural crest plays an imperative role in the development of the cardiac septum. […] There have been studies demonstrating that completely removing the neural crest during embryonic development results in a truncus arteriosus anomaly. […] Deleterious effects such as DORV, Eisenmenger complex and tetralogy of Fallot are seen with deletions to smaller parts of the neural crest. […] Congenital heart defects are often associated with defects to the thyroid and parathyroid glands as well as the thymus, because these glands are also formed by the same area of neural crest cells responsible for the formation of cardiac structures.
  • #8 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Specifically, ectopic Pitx2c expression in the developing myocardium was found to correlate with the development of DORV. […] Most recently, hearts with persistent truncus arteriosus, DORV, and transposition of the great arteries, have been postulated to have rotation of the myocardial wall of the outflow tract that is arrested or fails to initiate. […] This is supported by the discovery that mutations in the NPHP4 gene involved in the formation of motile cilia in the Kupffer vesicle, which produce asymmetrical fluid flow necessary for normal left-to-right asymmetry, cause laterality defects such as dextrocardia, transposition of great arteries, DORV, and caval vein abnormalities. […] In summary, the pathogenesis of DORV is currently believed to include impairment of neural crest-derivative migration and impairment of normal cardiac situs and looping.
  • #9 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Specifically, ectopic Pitx2c expression in the developing myocardium was found to correlate with the development of DORV. […] Most recently, hearts with persistent truncus arteriosus, DORV, and transposition of the great arteries, have been postulated to have rotation of the myocardial wall of the outflow tract that is arrested or fails to initiate. […] This is supported by the discovery that mutations in the NPHP4 gene involved in the formation of motile cilia in the Kupffer vesicle, which produce asymmetrical fluid flow necessary for normal left-to-right asymmetry, cause laterality defects such as dextrocardia, transposition of great arteries, DORV, and caval vein abnormalities. […] In summary, the pathogenesis of DORV is currently believed to include impairment of neural crest-derivative migration and impairment of normal cardiac situs and looping.
  • #10 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #11 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #12 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #13 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #14 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s
    https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/dorv.html
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart defect where the aorta connects to the heart in the wrong place. DORV is a congenital heart defect, which means a baby who has it is born with it. […] DORV is due to an error in the way the heart forms very early in pregnancy. In most cases, this happens with no known cause, and isn’t due to anything a mother did or didn’t do during her pregnancy. Doctors and scientists have not yet found a way to prevent DORV. […] Babies with some types of genetic conditions such as trisomy 13, trisomy 18, or DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion) are more at risk for DORV.
  • #15 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) (for Parents) – Humana – Kentucky
    https://kidshealth.org/HumanaKentucky/en/parents/dorv.html
    DORV is due to an error in the way the heart forms very early in pregnancy. In most cases, this happens with no known cause, and isn’t due to anything a mother did or didn’t do during her pregnancy. […] Babies with some types of genetic conditions such as trisomy 13, trisomy 18, or DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion) are more at risk for DORV.
  • #16 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #17 Orphanet: Double outlet right ventricle
    https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/3426
    A rare cono-truncal anomaly in which both the aorta and pulmonary artery originate, either entirely or predominantly, from the morphologic right ventricle. […] DORV results from a failure in the fetal development of the cono-truncus, which is the primary outlet of the heart during embryonic development. The cono-truncal anomalies result in neural crest and second heart field dysfunction. Cardiac progenitor cells are controlled by various genes, such as GDF1(19p13.11) and CFC1 (2q21.2), which when mutated can result in DORV. DORV is associated with chromosomal anomalies such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and CHARGE syndrome and others.
  • #18 Orphanet: Double outlet right ventricle
    https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/3426
    A rare cono-truncal anomaly in which both the aorta and pulmonary artery originate, either entirely or predominantly, from the morphologic right ventricle. […] DORV results from a failure in the fetal development of the cono-truncus, which is the primary outlet of the heart during embryonic development. The cono-truncal anomalies result in neural crest and second heart field dysfunction. Cardiac progenitor cells are controlled by various genes, such as GDF1(19p13.11) and CFC1 (2q21.2), which when mutated can result in DORV. DORV is associated with chromosomal anomalies such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and CHARGE syndrome and others.
  • #19 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Teratogenic mechanisms involved are thought to be related to increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired cell proliferation, and altered Gata-4, Gata-5, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. […] According to research studies in pregnant diabetic rats, antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E reduced the severity of malformations in their offspring and supplementation of their drinking water with N -acetylcysteine eliminated the incidence of AVSD, TOF, and TGA and decreased the incidence of ASD and VSD. […] DORV has been reported to occur in mouse embryos homozygous for the JMJ mutation, which affects the nuclear protein jmj coded by chamber-specific genes. […] Studies using animal models described a transcription factor that plays a critical role in directing cardiac asymmetric morphogenesis, known as Pitx2.
  • #20 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Specifically, ectopic Pitx2c expression in the developing myocardium was found to correlate with the development of DORV. […] Most recently, hearts with persistent truncus arteriosus, DORV, and transposition of the great arteries, have been postulated to have rotation of the myocardial wall of the outflow tract that is arrested or fails to initiate. […] This is supported by the discovery that mutations in the NPHP4 gene involved in the formation of motile cilia in the Kupffer vesicle, which produce asymmetrical fluid flow necessary for normal left-to-right asymmetry, cause laterality defects such as dextrocardia, transposition of great arteries, DORV, and caval vein abnormalities. […] In summary, the pathogenesis of DORV is currently believed to include impairment of neural crest-derivative migration and impairment of normal cardiac situs and looping.
  • #21 Double-outlet right ventricle – Overview – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle/cdc-20389537
    In double-outlet right ventricle, the lower right heart chamber, called the right ventricle, has two openings for blood to exit instead of one. Some blood goes to the body instead of just the lungs. […] Double-outlet right ventricle is a heart condition present at birth. That means it’s a congenital heart defect. […] The exact cause of a double-outlet right ventricle is not known. The condition happens when the unborn baby, also called a fetus, is developing before birth. […] Gene changes, some medicines or health conditions, and environmental or lifestyle factors may play a role. Smoking while pregnant also may increase the risk of certain congenital heart defects in an unborn baby. […] Double-outlet right ventricle may occur with other heart conditions present at birth such as other holes in the heart and blood vessel or heart valve changes.
  • #22 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Double-outlet right ventricle | Swiss Medical Network
    https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20359709
    Double-outlet right ventricle may occur with other heart conditions present at birth such as other holes in the heart and blood vessel or heart valve changes. […] The exact cause of a double-outlet right ventricle is not known. The condition happens when the unborn baby, also called a fetus, is developing before birth. […] Gene changes, some medicines or health conditions, and environmental or lifestyle factors may play a role. Smoking while pregnant also may increase the risk of certain congenital heart defects in an unborn baby. […] Having a family history of congenital heart conditions may increase the risk of congenital heart defects such as double-outlet right ventricle.
  • #23 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
    https://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/Search/3,90590
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare heart malformation. Its when the heart and the main vessels leaving the heart dont develop the way they should. The problem is present from birth (congenital). […] DORV is rare. Healthcare providers dont know exactly what causes it. Sometimes DORV is caused by problems with a childs genes. It is linked to a number of genetic syndromes. Two of these are trisomy 13 and Robinow syndrome. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Some things in the environment can lead to a heart defect if a mother is exposed to them when she is pregnant. Mothers may be able to lower their childs risk for DORV by avoiding: Radiation from dental or medical procedures, Tobacco and alcohol, Exposure to infections, Certain medicines, such as those used for asthma, depression, seizures, diabetes, or skin problems, Dietary deficiencies such as folic acid.
  • #24 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
    https://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/Search/3,90590
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare heart malformation. Its when the heart and the main vessels leaving the heart dont develop the way they should. The problem is present from birth (congenital). […] DORV is rare. Healthcare providers dont know exactly what causes it. Sometimes DORV is caused by problems with a childs genes. It is linked to a number of genetic syndromes. Two of these are trisomy 13 and Robinow syndrome. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Some things in the environment can lead to a heart defect if a mother is exposed to them when she is pregnant. Mothers may be able to lower their childs risk for DORV by avoiding: Radiation from dental or medical procedures, Tobacco and alcohol, Exposure to infections, Certain medicines, such as those used for asthma, depression, seizures, diabetes, or skin problems, Dietary deficiencies such as folic acid.
  • #25 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) | Little Hearts Matter
    https://www.lhm.org.uk/double-outlet-right-ventricle/
    Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart condition (a problem that a baby is born with). […] As yet the causes of single ventricle heart conditions are unknown. They cannot be linked with mild drinking or the taking of over the counter or most prescribed medications. […] There are some indications that these conditions can be linked to heavy smoking, alcohol or drug abuse. […] It is very likely that one or more abnormalities are present before the third month of pregnancy but they may become more obvious as the heart is growing through the second half of the pregnancy. […] Heart abnormalities can be present in babies who have other congenital problems, for example, genetic disorders like Edwards syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome (22q Deletion). […] Some congenital heart conditions are linked to a genetic disorder such as Edwards syndrome or 22q Deletion.
  • #26 Double Outlet Right Ventricle Treatment: Symptoms & Causes Explained – The Kingsley Clinic
    https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/double-outlet-right-ventricle-treatment-symptoms-causes-explained/
    Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) is a rare but serious congenital heart defect that disrupts the normal flow of blood through the heart and body. […] DORV occurs when both major arteries—the aorta and the pulmonary artery—are connected to the right ventricle instead of their usual positions. […] The severity of DORV depends on associated defects, such as a ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is a hole in the wall separating the heart’s ventricles. […] DORV is a congenital condition, meaning it develops before birth. […] However, certain maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of this heart defect. […] Some maternal medical conditions can also heighten the likelihood of giving birth to a child with DORV, including: Rubella or other viral infections during the first trimester of pregnancy. […] Genetics play a significant role in the development of DORV. […] Certain genetic syndromes, such as DiGeorge syndrome or Down syndrome, are associated with a higher prevalence of congenital heart defects, including DORV.
  • #27 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
    https://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/Search/3,90590
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare heart malformation. Its when the heart and the main vessels leaving the heart dont develop the way they should. The problem is present from birth (congenital). […] DORV is rare. Healthcare providers dont know exactly what causes it. Sometimes DORV is caused by problems with a childs genes. It is linked to a number of genetic syndromes. Two of these are trisomy 13 and Robinow syndrome. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Some things in the environment can lead to a heart defect if a mother is exposed to them when she is pregnant. Mothers may be able to lower their childs risk for DORV by avoiding: Radiation from dental or medical procedures, Tobacco and alcohol, Exposure to infections, Certain medicines, such as those used for asthma, depression, seizures, diabetes, or skin problems, Dietary deficiencies such as folic acid.
  • #28 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
    https://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/Search/3,90590
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare heart malformation. Its when the heart and the main vessels leaving the heart dont develop the way they should. The problem is present from birth (congenital). […] DORV is rare. Healthcare providers dont know exactly what causes it. Sometimes DORV is caused by problems with a childs genes. It is linked to a number of genetic syndromes. Two of these are trisomy 13 and Robinow syndrome. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Some things in the environment can lead to a heart defect if a mother is exposed to them when she is pregnant. Mothers may be able to lower their childs risk for DORV by avoiding: Radiation from dental or medical procedures, Tobacco and alcohol, Exposure to infections, Certain medicines, such as those used for asthma, depression, seizures, diabetes, or skin problems, Dietary deficiencies such as folic acid.
  • #29 Double Outlet Right Ventricle
    https://healthlibrary.reading.towerhealth.org/Search/3,90590
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare heart malformation. Its when the heart and the main vessels leaving the heart dont develop the way they should. The problem is present from birth (congenital). […] DORV is rare. Healthcare providers dont know exactly what causes it. Sometimes DORV is caused by problems with a childs genes. It is linked to a number of genetic syndromes. Two of these are trisomy 13 and Robinow syndrome. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Some things in the environment can lead to a heart defect if a mother is exposed to them when she is pregnant. Mothers may be able to lower their childs risk for DORV by avoiding: Radiation from dental or medical procedures, Tobacco and alcohol, Exposure to infections, Certain medicines, such as those used for asthma, depression, seizures, diabetes, or skin problems, Dietary deficiencies such as folic acid.
  • #30 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    DORV is thought to be the result of a malformation in the outlet portion of the embryonic ventricular loop at 3-4 weeks’ gestation. […] Although mostly sporadic, familial cases have been reported. […] Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis has shown deletions in the 22q11.2 region in certain individuals with TOF, DORV, transposition of the great arteries, and VSD associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD). […] As a matter of fact, DORV may be part of complex CHD in patients with DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal anomalyface syndrome. […] DORV has also been associated with trisomies 13 and 18 and tetrasomy 8p. […] DORV has also been reported in patients with mutations in human cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5. […] DORV, truncus arteriosus (TA), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) occur with a higher incidence in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population.
  • #31 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle – DORV
    https://www.isuog.org/clinical-resources/patient-information-series/patient-information-pregnancy-conditions/heart/double-outlet-right-ventricle-dorv.html
    DORV is often an abnormality that arises without a clear cause. […] There can be genetic causes of DORV and sometimes there can be a genetic syndrome associated. […] Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy can be associated with an increased chance of DORV.
  • #32 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Teratogenic mechanisms involved are thought to be related to increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired cell proliferation, and altered Gata-4, Gata-5, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. […] According to research studies in pregnant diabetic rats, antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E reduced the severity of malformations in their offspring and supplementation of their drinking water with N -acetylcysteine eliminated the incidence of AVSD, TOF, and TGA and decreased the incidence of ASD and VSD. […] DORV has been reported to occur in mouse embryos homozygous for the JMJ mutation, which affects the nuclear protein jmj coded by chamber-specific genes. […] Studies using animal models described a transcription factor that plays a critical role in directing cardiac asymmetric morphogenesis, known as Pitx2.
  • #33 Double Outlet Right Ventricle – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/birth-defects-of-the-heart/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    In double outlet right ventricle, both the aorta and pulmonary valve connect to the right ventricle. […] A ventricular septal defect is virtually always present and provides the only outlet of blood flow from the left ventricle. […] Infants with double outlet right ventricle also have a hole between the ventricles (ventricular septal defect), which causes oxygen-rich blood to mix with the oxygen-poor blood. […] If too much blood flows through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, heart failure may develop. […] Surgery is required to repair the defect.
  • #34 Double outlet right ventricle : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007328.htm
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs), instead of to the left ventricle (LV, the chamber that normally pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body). […] In DORV, both arteries flow out of the RV. This is a problem because the RV pumps oxygen-poor blood. This blood is then circulated throughout the body. […] Another defect called a ventricular septal defect (VSD) always occurs with DORV. […] The difference between these types is the location of the VSD as it relates to the location of the pulmonary artery and aorta. […] The presence of pulmonary valve stenosis also affects the condition. […] People with DORV often have other heart defects, such as: Endocardial cushion defects (the walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent), Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta), Mitral valve problems, Pulmonary atresia (pulmonary valve does not form properly), Pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), Right-sided aortic arch (aortic arch is on right instead of the left), Transposition of the great arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched).
  • #35 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Double-Outlet-Right-Ventricle.aspx
    Infants born with the condition usually tend to have a defect in the ventricular septum, which is the muscular wall in the heart separating the right and left ventricles. […] While pathological, the ventricular septal defect (VSD) is actually needed in DORV, because it enables, in some instances, the passage of oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and the rest of the body. […] In addition to VSD, accompanying defects that may be seen in children with DORV include pulmonary valve stenosis and transposition of the great arteries.
  • #36 Presentation dorv | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/presentation-dorv/67575718
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart defect where both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise completely or predominantly from the right ventricle. […] DORV occurs in multiple forms depending on the position and size of the great arteries and location of the ventricular septal defect. […] The type of DORV that occurs depends on where the VSD is located in relation to the great arteries. […] The presence of pulmonary stenosis will affect the condition. […] There are several types of DORV the difference between this types is the location of VSD compared with the location of the pulmonary artery and aorta. […] A nother defect called (vsd) is always occurred with DORV. […] People with DORV has another abnormalities such as: Coarctation of the aorta. […] Management may involve biventricular repair in the neonatal period or staged palliation depending on the specific anatomy and physiology in each case.
  • #37 Partners in Care | Double Outlet Right Ventricle treatment at the…
    https://partnersincare.health/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart defect in which both of the great arteries (the pulmonary artery and the aorta) connect to the right ventricle. […] A hole between the two pumping chambers of the heart (ventricular septal defect) is always present in patients with DORV. This allows the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood and causes the blood to not be as oxygenated as it should be. […] There are 4 types of DORV, with each type classified according to where the ventricular septal defect is located in relation to the great arteries: […] Double outlet right ventricle with a doubly committed ventricular septal defect occurs when there are 2 ventricular septal defects one below the aorta and one below the pulmonary artery. […] Double outlet right ventricle with a subaortic ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is located just below the aorta.
  • #38 Partners in Care | Double Outlet Right Ventricle treatment at the…
    https://partnersincare.health/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is located below the pulmonary artery. This type of DORV is also called Taussig-Bing anomaly. […] Double outlet right ventricle with a non-committed (or remote) ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is not located near the aorta or the pulmonary artery.
  • #39 Partners in Care | Double Outlet Right Ventricle treatment at the…
    https://partnersincare.health/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is located below the pulmonary artery. This type of DORV is also called Taussig-Bing anomaly. […] Double outlet right ventricle with a non-committed (or remote) ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is not located near the aorta or the pulmonary artery.
  • #40 Partners in Care | Double Outlet Right Ventricle treatment at the…
    https://partnersincare.health/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart defect in which both of the great arteries (the pulmonary artery and the aorta) connect to the right ventricle. […] A hole between the two pumping chambers of the heart (ventricular septal defect) is always present in patients with DORV. This allows the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood and causes the blood to not be as oxygenated as it should be. […] There are 4 types of DORV, with each type classified according to where the ventricular septal defect is located in relation to the great arteries: […] Double outlet right ventricle with a doubly committed ventricular septal defect occurs when there are 2 ventricular septal defects one below the aorta and one below the pulmonary artery. […] Double outlet right ventricle with a subaortic ventricular septal defect occurs when the ventricular septal defect is located just below the aorta.
  • #41 :: KJR :: Korean Journal of Radiology
    https://kjronline.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3348/kjr.2021.0248
    An additional muscular VSD is often found in the DORV, and the diastolic phase should be obtained for cardiac CT for the accurate depiction of muscular VSD. […] In cases with extensive muscular defects, the so-called Swiss cheese type, the biventricular repair is usually not feasible, and single ventricular repair must be performed. […] VSD is regarded as restrictive when its diameter is smaller than the normal aortic valve, and VSD enlargement is often needed to ensure unobstructed flow through an intraventricular baffle from the left ventricle to the aorta. […] Rarely, the ventricular septum is intact without defects, accounting for 5% in a multicenter study based on 100 heart specimens. […] The ventriculoinfundibular fold is a muscular structure of the right ventricular outflow tract interposed between the atrioventricular and adjacent arterial valves, which is also variable in the DORV.
  • #42 Double outlet right ventricle : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007328.htm
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs), instead of to the left ventricle (LV, the chamber that normally pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body). […] In DORV, both arteries flow out of the RV. This is a problem because the RV pumps oxygen-poor blood. This blood is then circulated throughout the body. […] Another defect called a ventricular septal defect (VSD) always occurs with DORV. […] The difference between these types is the location of the VSD as it relates to the location of the pulmonary artery and aorta. […] The presence of pulmonary valve stenosis also affects the condition. […] People with DORV often have other heart defects, such as: Endocardial cushion defects (the walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent), Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta), Mitral valve problems, Pulmonary atresia (pulmonary valve does not form properly), Pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), Right-sided aortic arch (aortic arch is on right instead of the left), Transposition of the great arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched).
  • #43 Double outlet right ventricle Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs), instead of to the left ventricle (LV, the chamber that normally pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body). […] In DORV, both arteries flow out of the RV. This is a problem because the RV pumps oxygen-poor blood. This blood is then circulated throughout the body. […] Another defect called a ventricular septal defect (VSD) always occurs with DORV. […] The difference between these types is the location of the VSD as it relates to the location of the pulmonary artery and aorta. The presence of pulmonary valve stenosis also affects the condition. […] People with DORV often have other heart defects, such as: Endocardial cushion defects (the walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent), Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta), Mitral valve problems, Pulmonary atresia (pulmonary valve does not form properly), Pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), Right-sided aortic arch (aortic arch is on right instead of the left), Transposition of the great arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched).
  • #44 Double Outlet Right Ventricle: In-Depth Anatomic Review Using Three-Dimensional Cardiac CT Data
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8546142/
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a relatively common congenital heart disease in which both great arteries are connected completely or predominantly to the morphologic RV. […] DORV demonstrates various anatomic and hemodynamic subtypes, mimicking ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and functional single ventricle. […] The spatial relationship between the VSD and the arterial valves is an essential but not unconditional element for determining an optimal surgical strategy. […] In DORV, VSD is almost always present. […] The VSD is categorized into subaortic, subpulmonary, non-committed or remote, and doubly committed types according to the presence or absence of commitment of the VSD to the arterial valves. […] Atrioventricular septal defects are frequently found in DORV, in which the defect often extends toward one or both arterial valves.
  • #45 Double Outlet Right Ventricle: In-Depth Anatomic Review Using Three-Dimensional Cardiac CT Data
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8546142/
    An additional muscular VSD is often found in the DORV, and the diastolic phase should be obtained for cardiac CT for the accurate depiction of muscular VSD. […] In cases with extensive muscular defects, the so-called Swiss cheese type, the biventricular repair is usually not feasible, and single ventricular repair must be performed. […] Rarely, the ventricular septum is intact without defects, accounting for 5% in a multicenter study based on 100 heart specimens. […] The outlet septum is characteristically fused with the anterior margin of the subaortic VSD and the posterior margin of the subpulmonary VSD, respectively, in patients with DORV. […] The extent of the infundibulum, including the outlet septum and ventriculoinfundibular fold, contributes to removing the VSD from the semilunar valve.
  • #46 :: KJR :: Korean Journal of Radiology
    https://kjronline.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3348/kjr.2021.0248
    An additional muscular VSD is often found in the DORV, and the diastolic phase should be obtained for cardiac CT for the accurate depiction of muscular VSD. […] In cases with extensive muscular defects, the so-called Swiss cheese type, the biventricular repair is usually not feasible, and single ventricular repair must be performed. […] VSD is regarded as restrictive when its diameter is smaller than the normal aortic valve, and VSD enlargement is often needed to ensure unobstructed flow through an intraventricular baffle from the left ventricle to the aorta. […] Rarely, the ventricular septum is intact without defects, accounting for 5% in a multicenter study based on 100 heart specimens. […] The ventriculoinfundibular fold is a muscular structure of the right ventricular outflow tract interposed between the atrioventricular and adjacent arterial valves, which is also variable in the DORV.
  • #47 Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/896082-overview
    Specifically, ectopic Pitx2c expression in the developing myocardium was found to correlate with the development of DORV. […] Most recently, hearts with persistent truncus arteriosus, DORV, and transposition of the great arteries, have been postulated to have rotation of the myocardial wall of the outflow tract that is arrested or fails to initiate. […] This is supported by the discovery that mutations in the NPHP4 gene involved in the formation of motile cilia in the Kupffer vesicle, which produce asymmetrical fluid flow necessary for normal left-to-right asymmetry, cause laterality defects such as dextrocardia, transposition of great arteries, DORV, and caval vein abnormalities. […] In summary, the pathogenesis of DORV is currently believed to include impairment of neural crest-derivative migration and impairment of normal cardiac situs and looping.
  • #48 Double Outlet Right Ventricle in Children
    https://healthlibrary.osfhealthcare.org/Library/Encyclopedia/160,113
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of congenital heart malformation. This means it is present from birth. […] Researchers don’t fully understand what causes DORV. Some substances (teratogens) can lead to a heart malformation if a mother is exposed to them during a vital time in her pregnancy. These might cause some cases of DORV. […] Sometimes DORV results from abnormalities in a child’s genes. Scientists have found many different genes that might lead to DORV. If a child has an abnormal number of copies of certain genes, that can lead to DORV. DORV is also linked to a number of genetic syndromes. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Most cases of DORV happen without any known cause. But they may be more likely to happen with certain syndromes.
  • #49 Double Outlet Right Ventricle in Children | UMass Memorial Health
    https://www.harringtonhospital.org/health-library/double-outlet-right-ventricle-in-children
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of congenital heart malformation. This means it is present from birth. […] Researchers don’t fully understand what causes DORV. Some substances (teratogens) can lead to a heart malformation if a mother is exposed to them during a vital time in her pregnancy. These might cause some cases of DORV. […] Sometimes DORV results from abnormalities in a childs genes. Scientists have found many different genes that might lead to DORV. If a child has an abnormal number of copies of certain genes, that can lead to DORV. DORV is also linked to a number of genetic syndromes. But in most cases, the cause of DORV is unknown. […] Most cases of DORV happen without any known cause. But they may be more likely to happen with certain syndromes.
  • #50 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV): Overview, Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital
    https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle, or DORV, is a heart condition present at birth. […] In most cases, parents have no control over their baby’s condition. They have not done anything to cause the problem. Many times, the cause of the defect is not known. […] Some congenital conditions are caused by a baby’s DNA. The doctors may suggest genetic testing to find out more about this. DNA is made up of information inside your baby’s cells that make them who they are, like blueprints for a house.
  • #51 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14733-double-outlet-right-ventricle
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) describes a heart with two major arteries linking to its right ventricle (heart chamber). […] This is a congenital heart condition, which means youre born with it. […] With DORV, both great arteries connect to the right ventricle either totally or in part. […] Researchers dont completely understand double outlet right ventricle causes. In 50% of cases, it happens to babies who have problems with their chromosomes, the cell structures that hold their DNA. […] Because researchers are still trying to understand DORVs cause, you cant prevent it. You shouldnt blame yourself, though. You didnt make this happen.
  • #52 Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) | Boston Children’s Hospital
    https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/dorv
    Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare congenital heart defect, meaning its a condition a baby is born with. […] DORV creates a problem because the right ventricle carries oxygen-poor blood, which then gets circulated in the body. […] Another heart condition, called a ventricular septal defect (VSD), always occurs with DORV. […] If your child has DORV, the severity of the condition and type of treatment, including the type of surgical repair, will vary depending on which types of defects he or she has. […] Although DORV is a serious condition, it is treatable with surgery. […] The most common surgical procedure for DORV with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) is called intraventricular tunnel repair. […] If your child has other heart conditions associated with DORV, he or she may also need other types of surgery.