Materiały źródłowe

• #1 First Aid for Seizures | Epilepsy | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html

  Seizures are common, affecting 1 in 10 people. […] You can learn to recognize a seizure, keep someone safe during a seizure, and when to call 911 for help. […] There are easy steps to help someone during and after a seizure. […] Keep yourself and others calm. […] Stay with the person. […] Remove anything near them that can cause an injury. […] Check to see if they are wearing a medical bracelet for information about any medical conditions, medicines, and emergency contacts. […] If the person is lying down, turn them gently on their side, with their mouth pointing to the ground. This will keep their airway clear. […] Time the seizure to track if it lasts more than 5 minutes. If it does, seek immediate medical attention or call 911. […] When the seizure is over, help them sit in a safe place to recover.

• #2 What to do if someone has a seizure | Epilepsy Society

  https://epilepsysociety.org.uk/about-epilepsy/first-aid-epileptic-seizures

  Knowing how to help someone during and after a seizure may help you to feel more confident if a seizure happens. […] If it is someone you dont know, or you dont know about their epilepsy, follow our basic first aid message: Calm, Cushion, Call (CCC). […] Most seizures happen suddenly and without warning, last a short time (seconds or minutes), and stop by themselves. […] Although people can be injured during a seizure, most people dont hurt themselves and dont usually need to go to hospital or see a doctor. […] If you or the person is aware of the warning, they may need help to get to a safe place before the tonic clonic seizure happens. […] Usually, when a person has a seizure, there is no need to call 999 for an ambulance. However, always do call an ambulance if: you know it is the persons first seizure; they have injured themselves badly; they have trouble breathing after the seizure has stopped; one seizure immediately follows another with no recovery in between; the seizure lasts two minutes longer than is usual for them, or; you do not know how long their seizures last.

• #3 What to do if someone has a seizure (fit)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/what-to-do-if-someone-has-a-seizure-fit/

  If you see someone having a seizure or fit, there are some simple things you can do to help. […] If you’re with someone having a seizure: only move them if they’re in danger, such as near a busy road or hot cooker; cushion their head if they’re on the ground; loosen any tight clothing around their neck, such as a collar or tie, to aid breathing; turn them on to their side after their convulsions stop; stay with them and talk to them calmly until they recover; note the time the seizure starts and finishes. […] Do not put anything in their mouth, including your fingers. They should not have any food or drink until they have fully recovered. […] Call 999 and ask for an ambulance if: it’s the first time someone has had a seizure; the seizure lasts longer than is usual for them; the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, if you do not know how long their seizures usually last; the person does not regain full consciousness, or has several seizures without regaining consciousness; the person is seriously injured during the seizure; the person has difficulty breathing after the seizure.

• #4 Epilepsy – first aid and safety | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/epilepsy-first-aid-and-safety

  Epilepsy is a common condition of the brain in which a person has a tendency to have recurrent unprovoked seizures. […] Good seizure management can help reduce epilepsy risks. […] Life is never risk-free, but taking positive action to reduce your seizures, thinking about risks specific to you and discussing seizure management with your doctor are a start to reducing some of your seizure-related risks. […] If you are with someone having a tonic-clonic seizure (where the body stiffens, followed by general muscle jerking), try to: Stay calm and remain with the person. Keep them safe and protect them from injury. Place something soft under their head and loosen any tight clothing. After the seizure is over, roll them on their side (if they have food or fluid in their mouth, roll them onto their side immediately). Reassure the person until they recover. Time the seizure, if you can.

• #5 Epilepsy First Aid | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizure-first-aid/tonic-clonic-seizures/

  If the person is known to you and you have access to their Epilepsy Management Plan (EMP) then follow any first aid advice provided in that document. […] Generally a tonic-clonic seizure lasts for one to three minutes, and the person often feels sleepy, confused or tired after the seizure has ended. If a tonic-clonic seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes, it is considered a medical emergency and an ambulance should be called. […] Stay calm and remain with the person. […] Time the seizure if you can (if someone is nearby ask them to assist). […] If they have food, fluid or vomit in their mouth roll them on to their side immediately. […] Protect them from injury by moving any hard objects away from the area. […] Protect them by placing something soft under their head and loosen any tight clothing.

• #6 First Aid for Seizures | Epilepsy | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html

  Once they are alert, comfort them and explain what happened. […] Offer to call a friend or loved one to help them get home safely. […] To help someone with this type of seizure, follow these steps to keep them safe: Ease them to the ground if they appear to be falling. […] Turn them gently onto one side with their mouth pointing to the ground. This will keep their airway clear. […] Clear the space around them to prevent injury. […] Time the seizure to track if it lasts more than 5 minutes. If it does, seek immediate medical attention or call 911. […] But you should call 911 if one or more of these things happen: The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. […] They have another seizure soon after the first one. […] They have trouble breathing or waking up after the seizure. […] They are injured during the seizure.

• #7 First Aid for Seizures | Epilepsy | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html

  The seizure happens in water. […] It is also important to call 911 if the person having the seizure: Has never had a seizure before. […] Has diabetes and loses consciousness. […] Is pregnant. […] Don’t hold the person down or stop their movements. This could injure you or them. […] Don’t put anything in their mouth. This can hurt their teeth or jaw. […] Don’t give mouth-to-mouth breaths during the seizure. People usually start breathing again on their own after a seizure. […] Don’t offer water or food until they are fully alert. This is not necessary and could cause them to choke. […] Some people may need to know how to provide more detailed help, especially those who: Have loved ones with epilepsy. […] Coach or lead groups. […] Work in public settings such as schools.

• #8 Epilepsy – first aid and safety | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/epilepsy-first-aid-and-safety

  Do not put anything into their mouth or restrain or move the person, unless they are in danger. […] Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance if: the seizure lasts for 5 or more minutes or longer than what is normal for the person; a second seizure quickly follows; the person is not responding for more than 5 minutes after the seizure ends; the person has breathing difficulties after the jerking stops; it is the persons first known seizure; the seizure occurs in water; the person is injured; you are in doubt. […] Knowing about epilepsy-related risks of injury and death means you can act against them. Steps you can take to reduce seizure-related risks, injury or death are: Get the best seizure control possible. Take your medication as prescribed. Speak to your doctor if you’re not happy with your current medication or side effects. Have regular reviews with your doctor. […] Make sure those close to you know what to do in case of a seizure.

• #9 What to do if someone has a seizure (fit)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/what-to-do-if-someone-has-a-seizure-fit/

  If you see someone having a seizure or fit, there are some simple things you can do to help. […] If you’re with someone having a seizure: only move them if they’re in danger, such as near a busy road or hot cooker; cushion their head if they’re on the ground; loosen any tight clothing around their neck, such as a collar or tie, to aid breathing; turn them on to their side after their convulsions stop; stay with them and talk to them calmly until they recover; note the time the seizure starts and finishes. […] Do not put anything in their mouth, including your fingers. They should not have any food or drink until they have fully recovered. […] Call 999 and ask for an ambulance if: it’s the first time someone has had a seizure; the seizure lasts longer than is usual for them; the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, if you do not know how long their seizures usually last; the person does not regain full consciousness, or has several seizures without regaining consciousness; the person is seriously injured during the seizure; the person has difficulty breathing after the seizure.

• #10 Epilepsy First Aid | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizure-first-aid/tonic-clonic-seizures/

  Gently roll the person onto their side as soon as possible and tilt their chin upwards to assist with breathing and to protect their airway. […] Stay with the person until the seizure ends naturally, and calmly talk to the person until they regain consciousness (usually a few minutes). […] Reassure the person and let them know you will stay with them until they recover or until a paramedic arrives if an ambulance has been called. […] Keep onlookers away, as waking up to a crowd can be embarrassing or confusing for the person. […] CALL AN AMBULANCE (000) IF: The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes or a second seizure quickly follows. […] The person remains non-responsive for more than 5 minutes after the seizure stops. […] The person is injured or has swallowed water. […] The person is pregnant.

• #11 First Aid for Seizures | Epilepsy | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html

  Once they are alert, comfort them and explain what happened. […] Offer to call a friend or loved one to help them get home safely. […] To help someone with this type of seizure, follow these steps to keep them safe: Ease them to the ground if they appear to be falling. […] Turn them gently onto one side with their mouth pointing to the ground. This will keep their airway clear. […] Clear the space around them to prevent injury. […] Time the seizure to track if it lasts more than 5 minutes. If it does, seek immediate medical attention or call 911. […] But you should call 911 if one or more of these things happen: The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. […] They have another seizure soon after the first one. […] They have trouble breathing or waking up after the seizure. […] They are injured during the seizure.

• #12 What to do if someone has a seizure | Epilepsy Society

  https://epilepsysociety.org.uk/about-epilepsy/first-aid-epileptic-seizures

  If this goes on for five minutes or more, it is called status epilepticus, or status. […] Some people are prescribed emergency medication, either buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam, to stop their seizures. […] Carers need training in giving emergency medication. […] If someone falls in a seizure, they may loosen or crack a tooth and will probably need to see a dentist quickly so the tooth can be repositioned or repaired. […] If you cant find the care plan, here is some general information about what to do if someone has a seizure while using their wheelchair. […] If possible, keep the persons face out of the water by gently tilting their head. […] When the seizure has stopped, place them in the recovery position and keep them warm. […] Although seizures can be frightening to see, they are not usually a medical emergency.

• #13 Seizures – treatments, symptoms, causes and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/seizures

  If someone is having a seizure, prevent them from injuring themselves and stay with them until the seizure has finished. Call an ambulance if the seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes, if the person is unresponsive for more than 5 minutes afterwards, or a second seizure quickly follows the first. […] If you have been diagnosed with epilepsy, you the best way to prevent having seizures is by following your doctor’s advice and taking your medicines as prescribed. Don’t skip doses, or stop taking your medicine without first checking with your doctor. Ask your doctor for advice on how to avoid triggers. […] While not all seizures can be prevented, keeping yourself as safe as possible is important. You may get a warning sign, known as an 'aura’ such as a change in body temperature, vision problems or a strange taste in your mouth for example. If this happens to you, try to get to a safe place or position, and alert someone if possible. […] Sometimes, you can tell if someone you know is about to have a seizure. They may look different, their pupils may change size or they may act out of character. If you are able to notice when for someone you know is going to have a seizure, try to guide the person to a safe location.

• #14 Seizure Precautions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536958/

  A common, well-accepted clinical axiom in neurology is „seizures beget seizures.” Therefore, seizure prevention, vigorous follow-up, and early therapy are key to success. More importantly, early treatment is not only more effective, but it also stops progression to status epilepticus. […] It is vital to establish seizure precautions daily. […] One should consider fever or any abnormal laboratory parameter as a cause in patients with therapeutic drug levels. […] The key aim of treatment is to control the seizure before any significant neuronal damage occurs, usually between 20 to 60 minutes. […] Both the caregiver and the healthcare provider have an important duty in ensuring the safety of the patient with seizures. […] It is important to understand that although lifestyle changes and safety precautions are needed, one should avoid becoming too controlling and rigid.

• #15 Seizure Precautions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536958/

  When a seizure occurs, it is important to note: Date, time, and duration of the seizures. […] After a seizure, most patients experience confusion, fatigue, muscle pain, or a headache. Thus, one should permit the individual to sleep. […] For those individuals who had a witnessed seizure and are now in the post-ictal phase, supportive care and seizure precautions are necessary. […] To date, there is no data to suggest that any intervention other than prescribed anti-seizure medications can prevent status epilepticus or recurrent seizures. Thus, the most important thing to emphasize to patients is medication compliance. […] A consultation with a neurologist who oversees and directs the medication prescribed is necessary. […] The problem with seizure precautions is that not all seizure patients are alike.

• #16 Seizure Precautions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536958/

  The drugs of choice for patient management of active seizures are the benzodiazepines. […] If the patient has no intravenous access, intramuscular midazolam, buccal/nasal midazolam, or rectal diazepam are other options. […] The current American Epilepsy Society Guidelines published in 2016 show 3 choices for second-line therapy, including fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid. […] The next step following seizure cessation is to look for seizure triggers, including toxic/metabolic, stroke, brain mass, iatrogenic, or newly diagnosed epilepsy. […] A seizure patient needs indefinite follow-up with a primary caregiver or a neurologist.

• #17 How to Prevent Seizures

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prevent-seizures

  While theres no one way to prevent a seizure, following a well-rounded treatment and management plan can help. […] If you have epilepsy, or another condition that puts you at risk of recurring seizures, its important to take preventive measures to stop them from occurring. […] Seizure prevention is dependent on an overall management and treatment plan, such as taking your prescribed medications and making lifestyle changes. […] Talk with a doctor about incorporating the following measures into your overall treatment and management plan to help prevent seizures. […] Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are prescription medications designed to help prevent seizures. Its important to never stop taking these medications without a doctors approval even if your condition seems to be improving. […] Alcohol isnt recommended for people with epilepsy, due to an increased risk of seizures. You may help prevent future episodes by avoiding alcohol.

• #18 Seizure Precautions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536958/

  The drugs of choice for patient management of active seizures are the benzodiazepines. […] If the patient has no intravenous access, intramuscular midazolam, buccal/nasal midazolam, or rectal diazepam are other options. […] The current American Epilepsy Society Guidelines published in 2016 show 3 choices for second-line therapy, including fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid. […] The next step following seizure cessation is to look for seizure triggers, including toxic/metabolic, stroke, brain mass, iatrogenic, or newly diagnosed epilepsy. […] A seizure patient needs indefinite follow-up with a primary caregiver or a neurologist.

• #19 How to Prevent Seizures – Neurology Center For Epilepsy & Seizures

  https://www.neurocenternj.com/blog/how-to-prevent-seizures/

  Lack of sleep is a big contributing factor to seizures. Getting enough sleep can help you avoid seizures and reduce overall stress. Helping your kid get enough sleep can be difficult, especially for older kids who naturally want to stay up later but have to wake up early for school days. Enforcing an early bedtime for you or your kids may seem difficult, but it could help reduce seizures. […] Skipping meals can lead to hypoglycemia, which can trigger seizures in some people. Eating meals at regular times and having healthy snacks between meals can help with seizure prevention. […] You need to make sure your children are aware that alcohol and drug use can contribute to seizures. In addition, they may have negative interactions with anti-seizure medications. Even for adults, avoiding these triggers can be difficult. However, they simply are not worth risking triggering a seizure.

• #20 How to Prevent Seizures – Neurology Center For Epilepsy & Seizures

  https://www.neurocenternj.com/blog/how-to-prevent-seizures/

  Exercise may be the single most-effective “medicine” that a doctor can suggest. It has overall health benefits that can tackle a variety of different conditions. While exercise is not directly linked to a reduction in seizures, it is linked to reducing stress levels. Stress is a known trigger for seizures, so incorporating regular exercise can help you manage that stress and avoid seizures. […] If your child is experiencing a high fever, contact a medical professional for help on how to bring down body temperature. […] Flashing lights are a commonly known seizure symptom trigger. However, they actually only impact about 3% of people with epilepsy. If you have photosensitive epilepsy, you need to limit exposure to flashing lights. That can include video games. […] A neurologist plays a crucial role in seizure prevention by investigating the cause of the seizures and creating a personalized treatment plan.

• #21 How to Prevent Seizures

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prevent-seizures

  In addition to alcohol avoidance, its important to avoid substance misuse as part of your seizure management plan. […] Stress can be a trigger for seizures in epilepsy. It may help you reduce your risk of seizures if you manage your stress by: […] Tiredness and short-term sleep deprivation are considered triggers for seizures, so regular sleep can help prevent them. […] Hypoglycemia from skipping a meal can cause a seizure, particularly for people with diabetes. […] According to the Epilepsy Society, its estimated that about 3% of people with epilepsy have a rare form called photosensitive epilepsy. […] A head injury can also trigger a seizure in someone who already has epilepsy. So, its important to protect yourself from future head injuries and the possibility of more related seizures.

• #22 Seizures in Children | Causes, Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/s/seizures

  Has a seizure that lasts longer than usual […] Has a cluster of seizures (more than one seizure in a short period of time) […] Does not return to „normal” after the seizure within their usual timeframe (being sleepy is OK) […] Is not breathing normally after the seizure ends […] Has a seizure while in the water […] Is injured during a seizure. […] Preventing Seizures […] Your child’s provider may prescribe anti-seizure medication. It is also important for you to be aware of situations that seem to lead to your child’s seizures. These are called seizure triggers. Some common seizure triggers include: […] Fatigue it is important to keep a good sleep schedule. […] Excessive stress mental health professionals can help children and families learn to manage stress in healthy ways. […] Fever or other symptoms of illness it is important to have good hand washing. Stay up to date on immunizations. […] Visual stimuli, such as flashing bright lights or computer games (please note that this type of seizure trigger is rare.) […] Using certain medications or not taking anti-seizure medication as prescribed. […] Hormonal changes, such as those with the menstrual cycle.

• #23 Seizures in Children | Causes, Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/s/seizures

  Knowing your child’s seizure triggers can help your child avoid situations that could lead to a seizure. This will help you be more aware during high risk times (such as when your child is sick). […] To identify seizure triggers, keep a seizure log. For each seizure, write down what time it is, what was happening and how your child felt before the seizure started. Look for patterns and connections. Talk to your child’s provider about what you learn.

• #24 How to Prevent Seizures – Neurology Center For Epilepsy & Seizures

  https://www.neurocenternj.com/blog/how-to-prevent-seizures/

  Exercise may be the single most-effective “medicine” that a doctor can suggest. It has overall health benefits that can tackle a variety of different conditions. While exercise is not directly linked to a reduction in seizures, it is linked to reducing stress levels. Stress is a known trigger for seizures, so incorporating regular exercise can help you manage that stress and avoid seizures. […] If your child is experiencing a high fever, contact a medical professional for help on how to bring down body temperature. […] Flashing lights are a commonly known seizure symptom trigger. However, they actually only impact about 3% of people with epilepsy. If you have photosensitive epilepsy, you need to limit exposure to flashing lights. That can include video games. […] A neurologist plays a crucial role in seizure prevention by investigating the cause of the seizures and creating a personalized treatment plan.

• #25 How to Prevent Seizures – Neurology Center For Epilepsy & Seizures

  https://www.neurocenternj.com/blog/how-to-prevent-seizures/

  Lifestyle changes such as getting regular sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding triggers like stress, alcohol, and drugs are some effective ways to prevent seizures. […] Learning how to stop a seizure from happening mainly involves managing triggers and taking prescribed medications consistently. If you have been prescribed anti-seizure medication, it is crucial to take it exactly as directed by your doctor. If possible, avoid common triggers such as flashing lights, lack of sleep, stress, and alcohol. […] There are several solutions for those who want to find out how to stop seizures. The first step is usually prescription medication. However, some people may also benefit from alternative therapies such as acupuncture or biofeedback. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and avoiding triggers like lack of sleep and excessive alcohol consumption may also help prevent seizures.

• #26 Seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20365711

  People who have more than one seizure should stay away from things that can cause a seizure, such as: […] Not sleeping enough. […] Using alcohol or illicit drugs. […] Stress. […] Being around flashing lights.

• #27 Seizures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seizure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20365730

  Take care near water. Don’t swim alone or ride in a boat without someone nearby. […] Wear a helmet. Wear a helmet during activities such as bike riding or playing sports. […] Don’t take baths unless someone is near you. […] Pad sharp corners, buy furniture with rounded edges and choose chairs that have arms to keep you from falling off. […] Don’t work high up. And don’t use heavy machinery. […] Have a list of seizure first-aid tips. Put them in a place where people can see them. Include phone numbers people might need if you have a seizure. […] To help someone during a seizure, take these steps: Carefully roll the person onto one side. Place something soft under the person’s head. Loosen tight neckwear. Don’t put your fingers or other objects in the person’s mouth. Don’t try to restrain the person. Clear away dangerous objects if the person is moving. Stay with the person until medical help arrives. Watch the person closely so that you can tell medical helpers what happened. Time the seizure. Stay calm.

• #28 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/

  Find out what to do if someone has a seizure […] You think someone’s having a seizure and: […] People with epilepsy do not always need to go to hospital when they have a seizure. […] They usually have a care plan that says what to do, such as giving emergency medicine and when to call 999. If you know what to do and have been trained then you can follow their care plan. […] If you have epilepsy there are things you can do to keep yourself safe and reduce the risk of seizures, if they’re not completely controlled by your medicine. […] make sure your family and friends know what to do if you have a seizure […] carry medical ID, such as a bracelet or a card that lets people know you have epilepsy […] keep a diary to help you identify things that might trigger a seizure, such as tiredness, stress, your period, flashing lights, food or drink […] consider using an alarm to get help if you have a seizure […] do not miss doses of your epilepsy medicine […] do not change your epilepsy treatment without getting advice from your GP or specialist […] do not drink too much alcohol, as it can increase the risk of seizures.

• #29 Seizure precautions: Safety, at home, what to do

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/seizure-precautions

  People who experience seizures can take several precautions to help reduce the risk of injury. […] These precautions depend on the activity taking place. […] Tips for preventing seizure injuries in the kitchen include the below. […] Precautions to take in the bathroom include the below. […] Precautions to take in the bedroom include the below. […] General household precautions include the below. […] Learning seizure triggers, which may include skipping meals, sleep deprivation, fatigue, alcohol, certain sounds, and avoiding them, is another important precaution that people should take. […] Safety precautions for individuals who spend time with those who experience seizures include the below. […] People who experience seizures should create a seizure action plan and discuss the steps with people they spend a lot of time with, so they know how to act if a seizure occurs. […] A person should always contact a medical professional if a seizure occurs for the first time or if seizures worsen and become more frequent.

• #30 Seizure First Aid – Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota

  https://www.epilepsyfoundationmn.org/about-epilepsy/seizure-first-aid/

  The person is injured. […] Seizure occurs in water. […] You feel uncomfortable dealing with the situation. […] You know (or believe it to be) the persons first seizure. […] Keeping your seizures controlled through medication or other therapies and avoiding seizure triggers is the best way to reduce your risk of SUDEP.

• #31 Seizure Safety: How to Help Your Loved One with Epilepsy

  https://www.upmc.com/services/south-central-pa/neurosciences/neurology/general/epilepsy-seizures/safety

  This is why strict adherence to anti-seizure medications is so important, as well as getting consistent sleep to minimize risk of seizures. If a patient still has seizures despite medications, it’s important to discuss other surgical options. Having a bed partner, or a monitoring device at bedtime if the patient sleeps alone, have been shown to decrease the risk of SUDEP.

• #32 Seizures – safety issues and how to help

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Seizures_safety_issues_and_how_to_help/

  It can be scary to see a child having a seizure (also called a fit). It is very helpful to know what to do, how to help and when to call an ambulance. Adults looking after a child who has a seizure disorder (e.g. epilepsy) also need to know what to do to make sure the child is safe. […] If you are present when someone is having a seizure, you should follow the simple first aid instructions below. […] Stay calm. Protect the child from injury by moving harmful objects away from them. Begin timing how long the seizure lasts. Check for medical identification e.g. a medical alert necklace or bracelet. Stay with the child and give reassurance. If the child is on the ground, put something soft under their head and loosen anything that is tight around their neck. If the child is having convulsions, do not try to stop them from moving, and do not put anything in their mouth.

• #33 Seizures – safety issues and how to help

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Seizures_safety_issues_and_how_to_help/

  You should always see a doctor after your child’s first seizure, or following a seizure that lasts more than five minutes, even if they make a full recovery. […] Develop an action plan with your child’s doctor. This plan will provide simple, easy instructions on what to do if a seizure happens. Make sure anyone caring for your child knows what to do in the event of a seizure, and has access to the action plan and any medical kit your child requires. […] If a seizure lasts more than five minutes, or you think it is the child’s first seizure, call an ambulance. Anyone looking after a child who has a seizure disorder needs to know what to do to make sure the child is safe. Move things away so the child does not hurt themselves, and do not put anything in their mouth. After a first seizure, the biggest risk of having another seizure is in the next three months.

• #34 Seizures – safety issues and how to help

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Seizures_safety_issues_and_how_to_help/

  It is wise to purchase a medical alert bracelet to notify others that your child has epilepsy. You should complete a first aid course and ask your child’s doctor about specific management during and after seizures. It is important that all teachers and caregivers are familiar with these procedures too.

• #35

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy

  An estimated 25% of epilepsy cases are potentially preventable. […] Preventing head injury, for example by reducing falls, traffic accidents and sports injuries, is the most effective way to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy. […] Adequate perinatal care can reduce new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury. […] The use of drugs and other methods to lower the body temperature of a feverish child can reduce the chance of febrile seizures. […] The prevention of epilepsy associated with stroke is focused on cardiovascular risk factor reduction, e.g. measures to prevent or control high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity, and the avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol use. […] Central nervous system infections are common causes of epilepsy in tropical areas, where many low- and middle-income countries are concentrated. Elimination of parasites in these environments and education on how to avoid infections can be effective ways to reduce epilepsy worldwide, for example those cases due to neurocysticercosis.

• #36 Epilepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17636-epilepsy

  Although many causes of epilepsy are out of your control and unpreventable, you can reduce your chance of developing a few conditions that might lead to epilepsy, such as: […] To lower your risk of traumatic brain injury (from blows to your head), always wear your seatbelt when driving and drive defensively; wear a helmet when biking; clear your floors of clutter and power cords to prevent falls; and stay off ladders. […] To lower your risk of stroke, eat a healthy diet (such as the Mediterranean diet), maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. […] Seek therapy for substance abuse. Alcohol and other illegal drugs can damage your brain, which can then lead to epilepsy.

• #37 First Aid for Seizures | Epilepsy | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html

  The seizure happens in water. […] It is also important to call 911 if the person having the seizure: Has never had a seizure before. […] Has diabetes and loses consciousness. […] Is pregnant. […] Don’t hold the person down or stop their movements. This could injure you or them. […] Don’t put anything in their mouth. This can hurt their teeth or jaw. […] Don’t give mouth-to-mouth breaths during the seizure. People usually start breathing again on their own after a seizure. […] Don’t offer water or food until they are fully alert. This is not necessary and could cause them to choke. […] Some people may need to know how to provide more detailed help, especially those who: Have loved ones with epilepsy. […] Coach or lead groups. […] Work in public settings such as schools.

• #38 Nursing interventions for seizures

  https://www.epsyhealth.com/seizure-epilepsy-blog/nursing-interventions-for-seizures

  The goal of all nursing interventions for seizures is for the patient to achieve seizure freedom without experiencing negative side effects. […] Basic first aid for treating anyone who’s having an epileptic seizure is to follow the stay, safe, side protocol. […] There are many proactive nursing interventions for seizures that you can take to help prevent trauma. […] If your patient is on the floor or in bed, gently turn them on their side to help with breathing. […] There are several kinds of rescue medication that can be used to bring severe seizures under control. […] Many people with epilepsy will be following a seizure care plan which involves them taking anti-seizure medication. […] As part of a seizure care plan, it can be really helpful for patients to keep a seizure diary where they record when they’ve had seizures, possible triggers, and to give them medication reminders.

• #39 Nursing interventions for seizures

  https://www.epsyhealth.com/seizure-epilepsy-blog/nursing-interventions-for-seizures

  Providing patients with age-appropriate education about their epilepsy can be very helpful. […] One of the most important nursing interventions for seizures is helping people with epilepsy to feel empowered and confident. […] If their doctor agrees, they should be encouraged to continue pursuing sports, activities and other interests as far as possible.

• #40 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/

  Find out what to do if someone has a seizure […] You think someone’s having a seizure and: […] People with epilepsy do not always need to go to hospital when they have a seizure. […] They usually have a care plan that says what to do, such as giving emergency medicine and when to call 999. If you know what to do and have been trained then you can follow their care plan. […] If you have epilepsy there are things you can do to keep yourself safe and reduce the risk of seizures, if they’re not completely controlled by your medicine. […] make sure your family and friends know what to do if you have a seizure […] carry medical ID, such as a bracelet or a card that lets people know you have epilepsy […] keep a diary to help you identify things that might trigger a seizure, such as tiredness, stress, your period, flashing lights, food or drink […] consider using an alarm to get help if you have a seizure […] do not miss doses of your epilepsy medicine […] do not change your epilepsy treatment without getting advice from your GP or specialist […] do not drink too much alcohol, as it can increase the risk of seizures.

• #41 How to Help Someone Having a Seizure: What to Do

  https://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/epilepsy-seizure-what-to-do-in-an-emergency

  There are simple steps you can take to protect someone from harm during a seizure. […] Seizure first aid is a matter of taking precautions. You’re most likely to need it for a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. […] Call 911 if the person has difficulty breathing or waking after the seizure or if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. […] Talk to your health care provider about a seizure action plan and what the best response should be for the type of seizures you experience. […] Call 911 if the person has difficulty breathing or waking after the seizure or if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.

• #42 How to Prevent Seizures

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prevent-seizures

  Some children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years may be at risk of developing febrile seizures. […] Seizure devices may help prevent seizures. […] Its important to work with a doctor to develop the right epilepsy treatment plan for you. […] Its also important to check in with your neurologist or epileptologist if youre concerned with medication side effects, or if you continue to have seizures despite taking AEDs. […] But taking AEDs and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are strategies that can help.

• #43 Seizure: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22789-seizure

  Seizures are unpredictable, so its not possible to completely prevent them. The best thing you can do is avoid possible causes or triggers, like managing blood glucose levels or protecting yourself from illness and injury. […] If you have seizures regularly, you may want to keep track of what you were doing before a seizure took place. A healthcare provider can review this information with you to determine your triggers. […] Your provider will first treat any underlying conditions like a stroke or low blood sugar. This may prevent future seizures. […] Medications may prevent seizures or reduce how often they happen. However, it sometimes takes trying multiple medications (or combinations of them) to find one that works best.

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