Materiały źródłowe

• #1 SARS | Frequently Asked Questions | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/sars/about/faq.html

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003, after first appearing in Southern China in November 2002. […] The illness usually begins with a high fever (measured temperature greater than 100.4F [38.0C]). The fever is sometimes associated with chills or other symptoms, including headache, general feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also experience mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. Diarrhea is seen in approximately 10 percent to 20 percent of patients. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry, nonproductive cough that might be accompanied by or progress to a condition in which the oxygen levels in the blood are low (hypoxia). In 10 percent to 20 percent of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation. Most patients develop pneumonia.

• #2 SARS – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. Symptoms include fever, persistent dry cough, headache, muscle pains, and difficulty breathing. SARS produces flu-like symptoms which may include fever, muscle pain, lethargy, cough, sore throat, and other nonspecific symptoms. SARS often leads to shortness of breath and pneumonia, which may be direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia. The average incubation period for SARS is four to six days, although it is rarely as short as one day or as long as 14 days. SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. SARS-CoV is most infectious in severely ill patients, which usually occurs during the second week of illness. This delayed infectious period meant that quarantine was highly effective; people who were isolated before day five of their illness rarely transmitted the disease to others. Several consequent reports from China on some recovered SARS patients showed severe long-time sequelae. The most typical diseases include, among other things, pulmonary fibrosis, osteoporosis, and femoral necrosis, which have led in some cases to the complete loss of working ability or even self-care ability of people who have recovered from SARS.

• #3 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1904416/

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently emerged infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality. […] Clinical and general laboratory manifestations included fever, chills, rigor, myalgia, malaise, diarrhoea, cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. […] The postulated disease progression comprises (1) active viral infection, (2) hyperactive immune response, and (3) recovery or pulmonary destruction and death. […] The clinical and general laboratory manifestations of SARS in adult patients are summarized in Table 2. The infection affected men and women of all ages with an incubation period of 2 16 days. Fever, chills and rigor, malaise and myalgia were the most common presenting symptoms.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome

  The incubation period of SARS is usually 2-7 days but may be as long as 10 days. […] The first symptom of the illness is generally fever (38C), which is often high, and sometimes associated with chills and rigors. It may also be accompanied by other symptoms including headache, malaise and muscle pain. At the onset of illness, some cases have mild respiratory symptoms. Typically, rash and neurologic or gastrointestinal findings are absent, although a few patients have reported diarrhoea during the early febrile stage. […] After 3-7 days, a lower respiratory phase begins with the onset of a dry, non-productive cough or dyspnoea (shortness of breath) that may be accompanied by, or progress to, hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels). In 10-20% of cases, the respiratory illness is severe enough to require intubation and mechanical ventilation. Chest radiographs may be normal throughout the course of illness, though not for all patients. The white blood cell count is often decreased early in the disease, and many people have low platelet counts at the peak of the disease.

• #5 SARS | Frequently Asked Questions | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/sars/about/faq.html

  The time between exposure to SARS-CoV and the onset of symptoms is called the incubation period. The incubation period for SARS is typically 2 to 7 days, although in some cases it may be as long as 10 days. In a very small proportion of cases, incubation periods of up to 14 days have been reported. […] Available information suggests that persons with SARS are most likely to be contagious only when they have symptoms, such as fever or cough. Patients are most contagious during the second week of illness. However, as a precaution against spreading the disease, CDC recommends that persons with SARS limit their interactions outside the home (for example, by not going to work or to school) until 10 days after their fever has gone away and their respiratory (breathing) symptoms have gotten better.

• #6 Information Regarding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/sars

  Fever of at least 100.5 degrees F; […] One or more clinical findings of respiratory illness, such as cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, hypoxia, or x-ray evidence of either pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome; and […] The onset of symptoms occurs within 10 days of either (1) travel to an area with documented or suspected community transmission of SARS; or (2) close contact with either a person with a respiratory illness who traveled to a SARS area or a known suspect SARS case. […] In addition to fever, reports indicated that the majority of SARS patients experienced chills, and about half had muscle aches and dry cough. Fewer than half have also shown other symptoms such as dizziness. The incubation period is typically 2 to 7 days, although some reports suggest an incubation period as long as 10 to 12 days. Signs of the illness include a decreased white blood cell count in most patients as well as below normal blood platelet counts, liver enzyme increase, and electrolyte disturbances in a number of patients. Most people with SARS are adults. Those age 40 and older and those with certain medical conditions appear to be at increased risk of more severe disease and of death. Treatment consists of antibiotics and steroids, with other options being explored. Between 10 and 20 percent of SARS patients have required ventilator support for a period of time. To date, about 4 percent of identified SARS cases have been fatal. […] If an employee experiences a fever and respiratory symptoms after contact with a patient known to be infected with SARS, the CDC recommends that the employee be excluded from duty.

• #7 SARS: clinical features and diagnosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7169175/

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease with a significant morbidity and case fatality. The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. Less common symptoms include sputum production, sore throat, coryza, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Older subjects may present with decrease in general wellbeing, poor feeding, fall/fracture and delirium, without the typical febrile response. […] The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. Less common symptoms include sputum production, sore throat, coryza, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. […] The clinical course of SARS appears to follow a typical pattern in many cases. Phase1 (viral replication) is associated with increasing viral load and clinically characterised by fever, myalgia and other systemic symptoms that generally improve after a few days. Phase2 (immunopathological damage) is characterised by recurrence of fever, oxygen desaturation, radiological progression of pneumonia with falls in viral load. The majority of patients will improve with a combination of ribavirin and intravenous pulse steroid therapy but 20-36% may require ICU admission, and 13-26% may progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) necessitating invasive ventilatory support. […] The average hospital length of stay for the majority of patients during the recent epidemic in Hong Kong was 21 days with a 21-day mortality between 3.6 and 10%.

• #8 SARS: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/sars

  SARS, first referred to as atypical pneumonia, is characterized by high fever (38C), associated with one or more respiratory symptoms: a dry cough, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties. Other symptoms such as headache, muscle pain, diarrhea and a general feeling of discomfort can also be observed. The incubation period is generally no longer than 10 days. […] WHO considers the overall mortality rate to be 15%, although it can exceed 50% in people over the age of 65.

• #9 SARS | Basics Factsheet | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/sars/about/fs-sars.html

  In general, SARS begins with a high fever (temperature greater than 100.4F [38.0C]). Other symptoms may include headache, an overall feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. About 10 percent to 20 percent of patients have diarrhea. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. Most patients develop pneumonia.

• #10 SARS & MERS Virus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/chest-lungs/sars-and-mers-virus

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are viral infections. Both infections can cause very serious illnesses that particularly affect the lungs. […] SARS was first recognised in March 2003 but probably started in China in November 2002. The virus seems to cause an abnormal response in the body’s defences (immune response) and this may be a reason for the infection being so serious. […] The first symptoms are like flu with: High temperature (fever). Feeling very tired (fatigue). Headache. Feeling cold (chills). Aching muscles. Feeling generally unwell (malaise). Loss of appetite. Sometimes, diarrhoea. These symptoms last for 3-7 days. […] The second stage affects the lungs and begins three days or more after the start of symptoms. There is a dry cough, usually without any phlegm, fever and breathlessness. The cough varies from mild to severe.

• #11 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10856-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was a respiratory illness caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1. Symptoms included high fever, cough and shortness of breath. […] Symptoms of SARS included high fever, chills, headache, body aches, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea and sore throat. People with SARS had flu-like symptoms. Some people developed a cough and shortness of breath a few days later. […] For many people, SARS caused flu-like symptoms (like fever and headache). But it progressed to severe illness in about 1 to 2 out of every 10 people (10% to 20%) during the outbreak. […] Symptoms of SARS include: Persistent, high fever, Chills, Headache, Body aches, Cough, Shortness of breath, Diarrhea, Sore throat. Some people only have a fever and other flu-like symptoms. Others develop a cough and shortness of breath two to seven days after their initial symptoms started. […] During the 2002-2003 epidemic, some people had mild illness and others had severe complications, like: Pneumonia, Low oxygen levels in their blood and tissues (hypoxia), Respiratory failure. People who were severely ill were put on mechanical ventilation if they couldn’t breathe on their own.

• #12 Centre for Health Protection – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/47.html

  The initial symptoms are similar to influenza infection. Patients with SARS usually begin with high fever (38C or above), sometimes associated with chills, rigors, headache, malaise, muscle pain or even diarrhoea. […] After a few days, symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection may follow, including cough and difficulty in breathing. In around 10%-20% of patients, the illness may rapidly progress to respiratory failure requiring intensive medical care. Symptoms can be more variable among elderly patients. […] Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 7 days after contracting the disease, but the incubation period can be up to approximately 10 days.

• #13 SARS Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention, Transmission

  https://www.medicinenet.com/severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_sars/article.htm

  Symptoms begin two to seven days after acquiring the virus. Initially, the illness resembles influenza and lasts for up to one week. […] Symptoms of SARS include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Aches or pain in the muscles, General feeling of weakness (malaise), Poor appetite. […] Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are less common. […] This period is followed by a syndrome suggesting atypical pneumonia, including dry cough and progressively worsening to severe shortness of breath (dyspnea) and inability to maintain oxygenation (hypoxia). Progression may be rapid or it may take several days. […] Severely affected people develop a potentially fatal form of respiratory failure, known as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARD or ARDS). […] In addition to attacking the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, the virus also infects other organs in the body, causing: Kidney failure, Inflammation of the heart sac (pericarditis), Severe systemic bleeding from disruption of the clotting system (disseminated intravascular coagulation), Reduced lymphocyte cell counts (lymphopenia), Inflammation of the arteries (vasculitis), Inflammation of the gut with diarrhea. […] People with compromised immune systems such as severe rheumatoid arthritis or organ transplantation may not experience respiratory symptoms but can have fever or diarrhea.

• #14 SARS | Frequently Asked Questions | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/sars/about/faq.html

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003, after first appearing in Southern China in November 2002. […] The illness usually begins with a high fever (measured temperature greater than 100.4F [38.0C]). The fever is sometimes associated with chills or other symptoms, including headache, general feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also experience mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. Diarrhea is seen in approximately 10 percent to 20 percent of patients. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry, nonproductive cough that might be accompanied by or progress to a condition in which the oxygen levels in the blood are low (hypoxia). In 10 percent to 20 percent of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation. Most patients develop pneumonia.

• #15

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/sars/

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by the SARS coronavirus, known as SARS CoV. Coronaviruses commonly cause infections in both humans and animals. […] SARS has flu-like symptoms that usually begin 2 to 7 days after infection. Sometimes, the time between coming into contact with the virus and the start of symptoms (incubation period) can be up to 10 days. […] The symptoms of SARS include: a high temperature (fever), extreme tiredness (fatigue), headaches, chills, muscle pain, loss of appetite, diarrhoea. […] After these symptoms, the infection will begin to affect your lungs and airways (respiratory system), leading to additional symptoms, such as: a dry cough, breathing difficulties, an increasing lack of oxygen in the blood, which can be fatal in the most severe cases.

• #16 SARS: Causes, symptoms, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7543

  When SARS was occurring, its symptoms appeared 27 days after a person was exposed to the virus, but they could also take up to 10 days. […] The first symptom was a high fever of more than 100.4F (38.0C). Other mild respiratory symptoms were similar to those of flu. […] Other early symptoms included: aches, chills, diarrhea in 10-20% of people. […] These symptoms developed over the course of 7 days. […] After 7-10 days, the person might then have noticed: a dry cough, shortness of breath, low oxygen levels in the body known as hypoxia. […] Most people with SARS developed pneumonia while some had long-term damage to their liver, kidneys, and lungs. […] These complications were more likely in those more than 60 years of age, and most people with SARS made a full recovery.

• #17 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007192.htm

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of pneumonia. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), and sometimes death. […] Symptoms usually occur 2 to 10 days after coming in contact with the virus. People with active symptoms of illness are contagious. But it is not known for how long a person may be contagious after symptoms appear. […] Most people who get SARS will have symptoms. The main symptoms are: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Fever of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher, Other breathing symptoms. […] The most common symptoms are: Chills and shaking, Cough, usually starts 2 to 7 days after other symptoms, Headache, Muscle aches, Tiredness. […] In some people, the lung symptoms get worse during the second week of illness, even after the fever has stopped.

• #18 FloridaHealthFinder | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/007192

  Most people who get SARS will have symptoms. […] The main symptoms are: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Fever of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher, Other breathing symptoms. […] The most common symptoms are: Chills and shaking, Cough, usually starts 2 to 7 days after other symptoms, Headache, Muscle aches, Tiredness. […] Less common symptoms include: Cough that produces phlegm (sputum), Diarrhea, Dizziness, Nausea and vomiting. […] In some people, the lung symptoms get worse during the second week of illness, even after the fever has stopped.

• #19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sars/symptoms-causes/syc-20351765

  SARS usually starts with flu-like symptoms, including: […] After about a week, symptoms can include a dry cough and shortness of breath. […] SARS is a serious illness that can lead to death. If you have any symptoms of a respiratory infection, call a member of your healthcare team right away. […] Many people with SARS get pneumonia. And sometimes, a machine called a ventilator is needed to help with breathing. SARS is fatal in some cases, often because the body cant get enough oxygen or cant remove enough carbon dioxide. This condition is called respiratory failure. SARS also can lead to heart and liver failure. […] The risk of getting very sick from SARS rises with age, especially in people older than 60. The risk also goes up if you have another long-term health condition, such as diabetes or chronic hepatitis B.

• #20 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): COVID-19, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_sars/article_em.htm

  In SARS patients the white blood cells and platelet (clotting cell) counts in the blood are usually decreased. […] The signs and symptoms of SARS may include cold and/or flu-like early symptoms, more severe symptoms develop (fevers, cough, shortness of breath), pneumonia, and death. […] Symptoms of SARS can be similar to those of other viral infections. The first symptoms begin two to seven days after exposure and include one or more of the following: Fever (temperature of more than 100.4 F), Headache, Fatigue (tiredness), Muscle aches and pain, Malaise (a feeling of general discomfort), Decreased appetite, Diarrhea. […] Respiratory symptoms develop three or more days after exposure. Respiratory symptoms include one of more of the following: Dry cough, Shortness of breath, Runny nose and sore throat (uncommon).

• #21 Severe acute respiratory syndrome sars | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/viral-infections/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  People with SARS develop fever, a dry cough and shortness of breath. Symptoms usually begin two to seven days after being exposed to the virus, although it may be up to ten days. Other symptoms can include headache, chills, muscle aches, poor appetite, dizziness, diarrhoea and sore throat. […] Some people with SARS develop severe pneumonia and about 20% will require admission to an intensive care unit. Overall, about 10-15% of people diagnosed with SARS have died. Older people and those with chronic disease are at higher risk.

• #22 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of pneumonia. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), and sometimes death. […] Symptoms usually occur 2 to 10 days after coming in contact with the virus. People with active symptoms of illness are contagious. But it is not known for how long a person may be contagious after symptoms appear. […] Most people who get SARS will have symptoms. […] The main symptoms are: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Fever of 100.4F (38.0C) or higher, Other breathing symptoms. […] The most common symptoms are: Chills and shaking, Cough, usually starts 2 to 7 days after other symptoms, Headache, Muscle aches, Tiredness. […] In some people, the lung symptoms get worse during the second week of illness, even after the fever has stopped.

• #23

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/lung-respiratory-care/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome symptoms typically begin to occur within two to 10 days after being exposed to the virus. Fever is the first noticeable symptom of SARS, followed by flu-like symptoms that intensify over time. […] Some common severe acute respiratory syndrome symptoms you may experience include: Headaches, Elevated fever, Fatigue, Body aches and pains, Persistent dry cough, Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, Diarrhea and chills are less common but can occur in some cases.

• #24 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=uf6067

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory illness that first infected people in parts of Asia, North America, and Europe in late 2002 and early 2003. […] The main symptoms of SARS are a fever, a dry cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. A person with SARS also may experience a headache, muscle aches, a sore throat, fatigue, and diarrhea. An older person may feel generally unwell (malaise) and lose his or her appetite but not have a fever. For some people the symptoms get worse quickly, making a hospital stay necessary. […] The incubation period the time from when a person is first exposed to SARS until symptoms appear is usually 3 to 7 days but may be as long as 10 days. Experts believe a person can spread the illness to others only while he or she has symptoms. […] Severe cases of SARS often require a hospital stay, especially if breathing problems develop.

• #25 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) – Green Valley Orthopedics

  https://gvortho.com/patient-information/patient-education/health-library?DOCHWID=uf6067

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory illness that first infected people in parts of Asia, North America, and Europe in late 2002 and early 2003. SARS is caused by a type of coronavirus, which sometimes causes mild to moderate upper respiratory illness, such as the common cold. Most people get pneumonia. In some cases, these symptoms get worse very quickly. […] The main symptoms of SARS are a fever, a dry cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. A person with SARS also may experience a headache, muscle aches, a sore throat, fatigue, and diarrhea. An older person may feel generally unwell (malaise) and lose his or her appetite but not have a fever. For some people the symptoms get worse quickly, making a hospital stay necessary. […] The incubation period—the time from when a person is first exposed to SARS until symptoms appear—is usually 3 to 7 days but may be as long as 10 days. Experts believe a person can spread the illness to others only while he or she has symptoms.

• #26 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Lessons for Future Pandemics | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars-lessons-future-pandemics/2010-09

  SARS-CoV disease can be similar to other viral illnesses. During the first week, patients can have influenza-like symptoms that include fever, rigors, headache, malaise, and myalgias. During the second week of illness, respiratory symptoms, such as dry cough and dyspnea, may emerge, in addition to diarrhea. During this time, respiratory distress can rapidly progress to full-blown pneumonia, leading to respiratory failure. Up to 70 percent of patients develop large volume watery diarrhea. […] The WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued separate, but similar, definitions for SARS. According to the WHO, a probable case is defined by fever above 38 degrees C (100.5 degrees F), plus one or more lower respiratory tract symptoms (cough, dyspnea), plus chest radiograph findings of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and no other cause for acute illness and respiratory failure.

• #27 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) – Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora

  https://www.tewhatuora.govt.nz/for-health-professionals/clinical-guidance/communicable-disease-control-manual/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  Relatively insidious onset with fever, myalgia, malaise and headache, followed a few days to 1 week later by dry cough and dyspnoea. About 25 percent of cases have diarrhoea. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (rhinorrhea and sore throat) are uncommon. Chest X-rays typically show scattered peripheral and lower zone opacification. About 25 percent of cases develop severe pulmonary disease that may lead to death from respiratory failure. […] The illness is similar but a little milder in children.

• #28 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars-in-children

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral illness. SARS is caused by a type of coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV is very contagious and can spread quickly. It can cause mild illness, severe illness, or death. […] In children, symptoms of SARS occur about 2 to 10 days after contact with the virus. But not everyone exposed to the virus becomes ill. […] Symptoms start with: Fever, Headache, Body aches, Chills, Diarrhea, in some cases. […] After 2 to 7 days, your child may have: Dry cough, Trouble breathing. […] SARS then often leads to lung infection (pneumonia). Your child may also not have enough oxygen in the blood (hypoxia). These problems can make it very hard for your child to breathe. […] A child with SARS is contagious when having symptoms, such as fever or cough. A child is most contagious during week 2 of the illness. […] Symptoms then lead to a dry cough and trouble breathing. […] SARS is treated with supportive therapy and sometimes with antiviral medicines. Your child may be given IV fluids and oxygen or other breathing help.

• #29 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  In children, symptoms of SARS occur about 2 to 10 days after contact with the virus. But not everyone exposed to the virus becomes ill. […] Symptoms start with: Fever, Headache, Body aches, Chills, Diarrhea, in some cases. […] After 2 to 7 days, your child may have: Dry cough, Trouble breathing. […] SARS then often leads to lung infection (pneumonia). Your child may also not have enough oxygen in the blood (hypoxia). These problems can make it very hard for your child to breathe. […] A child with SARS is contagious when having symptoms, such as fever or cough. A child is most contagious during week 2 of the illness. […] Symptoms then lead to a dry cough and trouble breathing.

• #30 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/sars/

  Early signs and symptoms of SARS are nonspecific and consistent with influenza-like illness. Most common initial symptoms include a fever greater than 38C (100.4F), often accompanied by myalgia, malaise, chills, a non-productive cough, and rigor. […] After 2 to 7 days, this is followed by respiratory symptoms such as a dry cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing or hypoxia. In some cases, the respiratory symptoms become increasingly severe, and patients require oxygen support and mechanical ventilation. […] Cases can become severe quickly, progressing to respiratory distress coinciding with peak viraemia that occurs during the second week of illness (e.g., 10 days). Nearly all confirmed infected adult cases developed pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• #31 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1904416/

  Common presenting haematology findings included lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and elevation of serum D-dimer concentration. […] The pulmonary infiltrates may resolve spontaneously or in response to therapy or, in some patients, continue to worsen resulting in progressive oxygen de-saturation, acute respiratory distress, multi-organ failure, and death. […] Advanced age (60 years), co-morbidity (diabetes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic viral hepatitis, malignancy), and an elevated serum LD have been shown by most studies to be important independent risk factors for high oxygen dependency, admission to ICU, assisted ventilation, and death. […] The Hong Kong Hospital Authority’s hypothetical disease model for SARS comprises three phases: (1) acute viral infection with fever, chills, myalgia and minimal respiratory symptoms, (2) hyperactive immune response with clinical, radiological and laboratory manifestations of severe acute pneumonia and other tissue inflammation consequent to a possible cytokine and chemokine storm, and (3) recovery or, sometimes, pulmonary destruction and death.

• #32 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Lessons for Future Pandemics | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars-lessons-future-pandemics/2010-09

  Nonspecific laboratory abnormalities that may be observed with SARS include elevated serum aminotransferases and creatine kinase reported early in the course of the disease, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia as the respiratory phase peaks. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase was reported in 71 percent of 138 patients in a case series from Hong Kong and appears to be associated with a poor outcome. […] Chest x-ray patterns range from normal to diffuse interstitial infiltrates characteristic of ARDS. Computed tomographic (CT) scan images may show parenchymal abnormalities in patients with seemingly normal chest x-rays. Small (less than 1 cm in diameter) cysts are common in advanced disease, and both pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have been reported. These findings are not specific and can be seen in other viral and bacterial respiratory diseases, but they are useful for guiding treatment.

• #33 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | Communicable Diseases Agency

  https://www.cda.gov.sg/professionals/diseases/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome

  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). […] The clinical presentation is non-specific and resembles other influenza-like illnesses. The prodrome lasts 3 to 7 days and is characterised by fever, malaise, headache and myalgia. Respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea, if present, typically occur a few days after the onset of fever. […] Clinical manifestations vary from mild infection (80%) to severe disease (20%) with respiratory failure and death. Death is usually caused by a combination of respiratory and multiorgan failure. The clinical course is marked by deterioration in the second week of illness and recovery by the third week in the majority of cases. […] Chest X-ray may be normal early in the course of the disease. However, the more distinct radiographic features include: a predominantly peripheral location of air-space opacity; progression from unifocal to multifocal or bilateral lung involvement during treatment; and a lack of cavitation, lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion.

• #34 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): COVID-19, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_sars/article_em.htm

  By day seven to 10 of the illness, almost all patients with laboratory evidence of SARS infection have pneumonia that could be detected in the lungs on X-ray films. Respiratory distress occurs in some patients. This symptom is a concern for the patient and the doctors because it suggests the disease is becoming more severe. […] SARS can result in serious illness and medical complications that require hospitalization, intensive care treatment, and mechanical ventilation. The most recent numbers indicate that the death rate from SARS is higher than that of influenza or other common respiratory tract infections. Complications include altered lung function, polyneuropathy, and avascular necrosis. […] The overall death (mortality) rate from SARS is about 10%. Age is a risk factor and plays a large role in the prognosis. Patients under 24 years of age have a mortality rate of about 1% while those over 65 years of age can have a 50% or higher mortality rate. Other risk factors include patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, hepatitis from any cause, diabetes, lymphopenia, leukocytosis, and high cytokine levels early (first week) in the SARS infection.

• #35 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious condition that can cause serious respiratory illness and death. […] Symptoms of the infection seen during the 2003 outbreak included those similar to the flu: fever, cough, chills, fatigue, shortness of breath, headache and diarrhea. […] The infection progressed rapidly and most people with SARS needed to be hospitalized and isolated to prevent spread of the virus to other people, including healthcare workers. […] Age was an important factor in mortality; the risk of the disease being fatal increased to about half of patients over the age of 60. A small percentage of patients had long-term effects from their illness, including depression or anxiety, cough, shortness of breath, chronic lung disease or kidney disease. However, most patients fully recovered.

• #36

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/sars.html

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory illness caused by a virus. The illness usually begins with a high fever. Patients also may have chills or other symptoms, including headache, general feeling of discomfort, body aches and diarrhea. Some individuals illness also may begin with mild respiratory symptoms. After two to seven days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough that might be accompanied by or progress to a condition which the person does not have sufficient oxygen. Most SARS patients develop pneumonia. […] The incubation period for SARS is typically two to seven days, although in some cases it may be as long as 10 days. […] Available information suggests that people with SARS are most likely to be infectious only when they have symptoms, such as fever or cough. However, as a precaution against spreading the disease, people with SARS should stay at home until 10 days after their symptoms have gone away. Patients are most infectious during the second week of illness.

• #37 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars.uf6067

  The main symptoms of SARS are a fever, a dry cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. A person with SARS also may experience a headache, muscle aches, a sore throat, fatigue, and diarrhea. […] For some people the symptoms get worse quickly, making a hospital stay necessary. […] The incubation period the time from when a person is first exposed to SARS until symptoms appear is usually 3 to 7 days but may be as long as 10 days. Experts believe a person can spread the illness to others only while he or she has symptoms.

• #38 Coronaviruses and Acute Respiratory Syndromes (MERS and SARS) – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/respiratory-viruses/coronaviruses-and-acute-respiratory-syndromes-mers-and-sars

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a coronavirus infection that causes flu-like symptoms. […] Symptoms of SARS resemble those of other more common respiratory viral infections (such as fever, headache, chills, and muscle aches) but are more severe, especially among older adults. […] Symptoms of SARS resemble those of other more common respiratory viral infections but are more severe. They include fever, headache, chills, and muscle aches, followed by a dry cough and sometimes difficulty breathing. […] Most people recovered within 1 to 2 weeks. However, some developed severe difficulty breathing, and about 10% died.

• #39 SARS: Symptoms, Vs. COVID-19, Treatment, Prevention & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  SARS symptoms are similar to those of the flu and may include: fever over 100.4F (38C), dry cough, sore throat, breathing issues, such as shortness of breath, headache, body aches, loss of appetite, malaise, night sweats and chills, confusion, rash, diarrhea. […] Symptoms will appear 2 to 10 days after a person is exposed to the virus, according to the WHO. Respiratory symptoms usually appear after 3 to 7 days. […] Most of the fatalities associated with SARS resulted from respiratory failure. SARS can also lead to heart or liver failure. […] People with chronic conditions and older adults are at the highest risk for complications. According to a 2003 study on SARS, people who were at least 60 years old had significantly worse outcomes than people under 60 years old.

• #40 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars

  SARS is a notifiable disease, meaning a positive result must be reported to public health authorities. […] There is no cure, vaccine or specific treatment for SARS. Treatment focuses on managing your symptoms. Your doctor may recommend medicines to relieve some of your symptoms. […] If you develop severe pneumonia, you may need to go to the hospital for treatment to help you breathe. This would take place in an intensive care unit.

• #41 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/healthy-living/your-health/diseases/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars.html

  People affected by SARS develop a fever, followed by respiratory symptoms, such as a cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. […] In some cases, the symptoms become increasingly severe, and patients may require oxygen support and mechanical help to breathe. […] Other symptoms of SARS may include muscle aches, headaches, sore throat and diarrhea. […] The symptoms of SARS resemble those of many other respiratory infections, such as influenza. […] People at risk for developing SARS (based on the risk factors described above), who have: early clinical signs of SARS, including fever over 38 degrees Celsius AND cough or breathing difficulty; a chest X-ray that shows a condition consistent with SARS infection, such as pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); AND no other cause of illness is found. […] At the moment, there is no vaccine or cure for SARS. […] Patients with SARS receive the same treatment given to any patient with serious pneumonia when the suspected cause of illness is a virus. […] This may include supportive treatment, such as oxygen, as needed.

• #42 Department of Health | Communicable Disease Service | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

  https://www.nj.gov/health/cd/topics/sars.shtml

  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003. […] Symptoms of SARS can vary, but may include high fever, chills, headache, body aches, pneumonia, diarrhea, dry cough, low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] No single medicine can effectively treat SARS. Different types of treatment regimens have been used for people who are severely ill and hospitalized including antibiotics, antivirals and steroids.

• #43 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

  https://www.myactivehealth.com/hwcontent/content/special/uf6067.html

  The main symptoms are a fever, a dry cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. A person with SARS also may experience a headache, muscle aches, a sore throat, fatigue, and diarrhea. […] For some people the symptoms get worse quickly, making a hospital stay necessary. […] The incubation period-the time from when a person is first exposed to SARS until symptoms appear-is usually 3 to 7 days but may be as long as 10 days. […] About one-third (33 out of 100) of the people with SARS become ill and then recover. […] The illness gets worse in two-thirds (67 out of 100) of the people and is likely to lead to hospitalization. […] About 9 out of 10 people infected with SARS recover. That means about 1 out of 10 people infected with SARS dies. […] The risk of dying from SARS depends on a person’s age and health. The greatest risk is to people older than 65 and those with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease.

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