Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/fertility-center/low-sperm-count-and-poor-sperm-health

  Low sperm count known as oligospermia occurs when a mans semen (fluid ejaculated from the penis) contains fewer sperm than is typical. A man is considered to have low sperm count if he has fewer than 15 million sperm per millimeter of semen. Having a low sperm count does not necessarily mean that a man will not be able to impregnate a woman, but it may make it more difficult. […] Poor sperm health may be caused by a variety of factors, including: Abnormally developed testicles, Inflammation of the testicles, Swollen veins in the scrotum (pouch of skin that holds the testicles). […] The main symptom of poor sperm health is infertility. Most men dont realize they have poor sperm health until they are trying to impregnate a woman.

• #2 Male infertility – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773

  Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. […] A low sperm count is fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or fewer than 39 million per ejaculate. […] If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm count) is low, it decreases the odds that one of your sperm will fertilize your partner’s egg. […] Varicoceles lead to reduced sperm quantity and quality. […] Overexposure to certain environmental elements such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. […] Extended exposure to certain chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, organic solvents and painting materials may contribute to low sperm counts. […] Elevated temperatures may impair sperm production and function.

• #3 Oligospermia (Low Sperm Count): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22477-oligospermia-low-sperm-count

  Oligospermia (AH-li-go-SPER-me-uh) is the medical term for a low sperm count. A typical sperm count ranges from 15 million to over 200 million sperm per 1 milliliter of semen. If you have oligospermia, you have fewer than 15 million sperm in 1 milliliter of semen. […] A low sperm count can cause male infertility. Having a low sperm count doesn’t mean your partner can’t get pregnant. But it can take longer or be more challenging. […] Varicoceles are one of the most common causes of oligospermia. About 4 out of 10 males with low sperm counts have a swollen vein in their scrotums. […] It depends on the cause. In some cases, you may increase your sperm count by stopping medications or behaviors that contribute to low sperm levels. […] Other causes may need treatments. Treatments may include: Antibiotics, Counseling to treat issues like erectile dysfunction, Hormone supplements, Surgery to treat an enlarged scrotal vein or blockage. […] Each oligospermia cause has a different prognosis. But many causes are treatable. If a healthcare provider diagnoses you with oligospermia, you’ll work together to determine the cause and your treatment options.

• #4 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Oligospermia is a condition in which the sperm count is below 15 million/ml semen. Many reproductive and non-reproductive causes have been reported, but the cause remains unexplained in most cases. It is the cause of infertility in approximately a third of couples seeking assisted reproductive techniques in order to conceive. […] Some common etiologies include: […] low androgen levels as in hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): Secondary testicular failure, whether congenital or acquired, may result from low gonadotropin secretion with reduced testosterone production. […] post-inflammatory testicular dysfunction: chronic infections or inflammation of the testes or genital tract lead to increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species which can damage the sperm cell membrane, resulting in impaired fertilization.

• #5 Sperm Count and Hypogonadism as Markers of General Male Health – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31427194/

  Men with a low sperm count (39 million/ejaculate) are at a high risk of hypogonadism (OR 12.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.2-14.6) and have higher body mass index, waist circumference, systolic pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index; lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.246, 95 CI 1.005-1.545). […] A low sperm count is associated with poorer metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone health. Hypogonadism is mainly involved in this association, but a low sperm count in itself is a marker of general health.

• #6 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Male infertility can result from anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Normal male fertility hinges on the production and transport of sperm, a highly complex process that involves the endocrine, immune and neural systems. […] Male infertility is associated with poorer overall health, increased cancer risk and decreased life expectancy. […] Male infertility can be caused by a wide range of conditions, encompassing anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, also known as secondary hypogonadism, results from failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to stimulate normal gonadal function.

• #7 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  Gonadal and sexual functions are mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, a closed-loop system with feedback control from the testicles. […] Infertile men may have deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration (eg, oligospermia [too few sperm], azoospermia [no sperm in the ejaculate]), or transportation. The causes can be categorized as obstructive or nonobstructive. […] Varicoceles may lead to impaired testicular spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, potentially due to an increased intratesticular temperature, reflux of toxic metabolites, and/or germ cell hypoxia; this appears to be progressive over time. […] Varicoceles lead to an increased incidence of sperm immaturity, apoptosis, and necrosis with severe disturbances in meiotic segregation compared with fertile men without varicoceles.

• #8 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  The hypothalamus also produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), both of which stimulate prolactin release from the anterior pituitary, and dopamine, which inhibits prolactin release. […] Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the action of 5-alpha reductase, both locally and in the periphery, and to estrogen in the periphery. […] Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm.

• #9 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  The hypothalamus also produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), both of which stimulate prolactin release from the anterior pituitary, and dopamine, which inhibits prolactin release. […] Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the action of 5-alpha reductase, both locally and in the periphery, and to estrogen in the periphery. […] Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm.

• #10 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  Cancers and tumors that aren’t cancer both can affect the male reproductive organs directly. […] A part of the brain called the hypothalamus and a gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland make hormones that are needed to create sperm. […] Changes in the levels of these hormones may mean that the body is having trouble making sperm. […] Various tubes in the body carry sperm. These tubes can be blocked due to various causes. […] Some genetic changes passed from parent to child cause the male reproductive organs to develop in irregular ways. […] Medicines that can cause the body to make less sperm include some treatments for arthritis, depression, anxiety, low testosterone levels, digestive trouble, infections, high blood pressure and cancer. […] Certain surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your semen.

• #11 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Male infertility can result from anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Normal male fertility hinges on the production and transport of sperm, a highly complex process that involves the endocrine, immune and neural systems. […] Male infertility is associated with poorer overall health, increased cancer risk and decreased life expectancy. […] Male infertility can be caused by a wide range of conditions, encompassing anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, also known as secondary hypogonadism, results from failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to stimulate normal gonadal function.

• #12 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Oligospermia is a condition in which the sperm count is below 15 million/ml semen. Many reproductive and non-reproductive causes have been reported, but the cause remains unexplained in most cases. It is the cause of infertility in approximately a third of couples seeking assisted reproductive techniques in order to conceive. […] Some common etiologies include: […] low androgen levels as in hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): Secondary testicular failure, whether congenital or acquired, may result from low gonadotropin secretion with reduced testosterone production. […] post-inflammatory testicular dysfunction: chronic infections or inflammation of the testes or genital tract lead to increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species which can damage the sperm cell membrane, resulting in impaired fertilization.

• #13 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A treatment of oligospermia

  https://pjms.com.pk/issues/octdec207/article/article3.html

  The pituitary gland, which lies on a stalk beneath the hypothalamus in the sella turcica, contains the gonadotropic cells that produce both FSH and LH. These are glycopeptides with a molecular weight of 10,000 daltons. They are made up of an alpha chain that is identical with that of hCG and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and a beta chain that is unique for each. FSH has a lower plasma concentration and longer half-life than LH, and it has less obvious pulsatile changes. […] Decrease amount of LH production fail to initiate spermatogenesis thus causing oligospermia due to secondary deficiency of testosterone. […] Use of hCG in such patient have become routine however in male endogenous production of hCG does not occur and is thus substituted from outside. Purified hCG is an effective substitute for LH since the structural homology between these two hormones which act through the same Leydig cell receptor.

• #14 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A treatment of oligospermia

  https://pjms.com.pk/issues/octdec207/article/article3.html

  The pituitary gland, which lies on a stalk beneath the hypothalamus in the sella turcica, contains the gonadotropic cells that produce both FSH and LH. These are glycopeptides with a molecular weight of 10,000 daltons. They are made up of an alpha chain that is identical with that of hCG and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and a beta chain that is unique for each. FSH has a lower plasma concentration and longer half-life than LH, and it has less obvious pulsatile changes. […] Decrease amount of LH production fail to initiate spermatogenesis thus causing oligospermia due to secondary deficiency of testosterone. […] Use of hCG in such patient have become routine however in male endogenous production of hCG does not occur and is thus substituted from outside. Purified hCG is an effective substitute for LH since the structural homology between these two hormones which act through the same Leydig cell receptor.

• #15 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A treatment of oligospermia

  https://pjms.com.pk/issues/octdec207/article/article3.html

  Use of hCG in these patient mimics the effect of LH by binding to LH receptor which in turn activate the cyclic AMP cascade and finally resulting in the synthesis of testosterone which is primary hormone for the spermatogenesis. Thus hCG results in the increased level of testosterone which in turn potentiate the spermatogenesis. […] Mode of Action of hCG: The mechanism of hormone action is generally determined by its water solubility. Hydrophilic hormones tend to bind to receptors on the outer surface of cell membranes and activate 2nd messenger systems such as cAMP or alter membrane permeability. […] Mechanism of action of hCG is the same as of LH. Structurally unit of both these glycoprotein hormones exhibit 80% of homology hence binding of hCG and LH on the same receptor and therefore rendering the same mechanism of action. In short hCG mimics the activity of LH the only difference being the half life of hCG longer. […] The primary function of hCG is to increase the synthesis of testosterone as we see in (Fig-1). […] The primary end point was the increase sperm count and secondary end point is increased sexual performance were significant in our study.

• #16 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A treatment of oligospermia

  https://pjms.com.pk/issues/octdec207/article/article3.html

  Use of hCG in these patient mimics the effect of LH by binding to LH receptor which in turn activate the cyclic AMP cascade and finally resulting in the synthesis of testosterone which is primary hormone for the spermatogenesis. Thus hCG results in the increased level of testosterone which in turn potentiate the spermatogenesis. […] Mode of Action of hCG: The mechanism of hormone action is generally determined by its water solubility. Hydrophilic hormones tend to bind to receptors on the outer surface of cell membranes and activate 2nd messenger systems such as cAMP or alter membrane permeability. […] Mechanism of action of hCG is the same as of LH. Structurally unit of both these glycoprotein hormones exhibit 80% of homology hence binding of hCG and LH on the same receptor and therefore rendering the same mechanism of action. In short hCG mimics the activity of LH the only difference being the half life of hCG longer. […] The primary function of hCG is to increase the synthesis of testosterone as we see in (Fig-1). […] The primary end point was the increase sperm count and secondary end point is increased sexual performance were significant in our study.

• #17 Fertility Pills for Men & Medication Monitoring | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/fertility/treatments/male-fertility-drugs

  Clomid helps increase your testosterone to help you produce more sperm. […] Clomid and enclomiphene increase the hormones released from the pituitary gland. This increase in hormones allows your testes to make more testosterone and sperm. […] Boosted levels of reproductive hormones increase your fertility: Increase sperm count. […] Men who have a low sperm count or no sperm also produce more sperm while on anastrozole. […] Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates your testes to make their own testosterone and produce more sperm. Your body’s natural production of testosterone is important. You need your body’s testes to produce testosterone naturally to maintain testis size and sperm count. […] Research shows that hCG increases the energy, libido, strength, and mood in men with low testosterone. HCG can help you build testosterone no matter what causes your low testosterone levels. Sperm retrieval interventions like microTESE are typically more successful for men with little to no sperm who use hCG.

• #18 Clomid for Men – Comprehensive Urology

  https://comprehensive-urology.com/urologist-desk/clomid-for-men/

  Clomiphene citrate is used by men to address specific health conditions, such as infertility and low testosterone. It has notable benefits like hormone stimulation and off-label potential but also comes with important considerations. […] The mechanism of clomiphene involves blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. This deactivation leads to an increase in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Consequently, the pituitary gland boosts the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are vital for sperm production and testosterone synthesis in males. By enhancing these hormones, clomiphene helps improve both sperm count and quality. This can contribute significantly to addressing fertility issues. […] Clomiphene citrate can effectively increase testosterone levels in men with hypogonadism. It stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn boost testosterone production.

• #19 Clomid for Men – Comprehensive Urology

  https://comprehensive-urology.com/urologist-desk/clomid-for-men/

  Clomiphene citrate has emerged as an alternative treatment for men with low testosterone levels, particularly in cases of hypogonadism. It functions by stimulating the pituitary gland to increase the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn boosts testicular production of testosterone. […] Clomiphene maintains sperm production, unlike some other testosterone treatments.

• #20 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  Cancers and tumors that aren’t cancer both can affect the male reproductive organs directly. […] A part of the brain called the hypothalamus and a gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland make hormones that are needed to create sperm. […] Changes in the levels of these hormones may mean that the body is having trouble making sperm. […] Various tubes in the body carry sperm. These tubes can be blocked due to various causes. […] Some genetic changes passed from parent to child cause the male reproductive organs to develop in irregular ways. […] Medicines that can cause the body to make less sperm include some treatments for arthritis, depression, anxiety, low testosterone levels, digestive trouble, infections, high blood pressure and cancer. […] Certain surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your semen.

• #21 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Men with severe oligozoospermia, when the sperm count is less than 5 million per ml semen, present with a higher risk (7-10 percent) of genetic abnormalities. These may result in structural or functional testicular abnormalities. […] It is important to genetically test in men with severe congenital idiopathic structural abnormalities or severe oligospermia. This is because many of these cases may be due to paternally transmitted mutations, or be associated with a high risk of miscarriage or fetal abnormality.

• #22 Sperm Disorders – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/infertility-and-recurrent-pregnancy-loss/sperm-disorders

  Sperm disorders may result in […] An inadequate quantity of sperm too few (oligozoospermia) or none (azoospermia) […] Defects in sperm quality, such as abnormal motility or structure. […] Spermatogenesis can be impaired […] by the following, resulting in an inadequate quantity or defective quality of sperm: Heat, Disorders (endocrine, genetic, genitourinary), Medications (eg, anabolic steroids), Toxins. […] Men with microdeletions affecting the Y chromosome, particularly in the AZFc (azoospermia factor c) region, can develop oligozoospermia via various mechanisms, depending on the specific deletion. […] Impairment of spermatogenesis or impaired sperm emission can result in deficient sperm quantity or quality.

• #23 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Even if hypogonadism is identified, exogenous testosterone use is contraindicated in patients seeking fertility treatment. Spermatogenesis requires a certain level of intratesticular testosterone, and exogenous testosterone use, by inhibiting the production of LH, suppresses endogenous testicular testosterone production. […] Greater sperm DNA fragmentation is seen in patients who are infertile, and is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. […] Genetic testing is indicated for patients with severe oligospermia (5 million/mL). […] A specific region, named AZF (azoospermia factor), in the long arm of the Y chromosome is critical to normal spermatogenesis. […] Correction of varicocele is indicated in patients with a clinically detectable varicocele and abnormal semen analysis as it improves pregnancy rates. […] Many patients with obstructive azoospermia can undergo reconstructive surgery to restore sperm transport continuity. […] Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) allows for identification and selective excision of larger seminiferous tubules, which are more likely to yield sperm.

• #24 Oligospermia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligospermia

  The human breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) is employed in homologous recombinational repair of DNA damages during meiosis. A common single-nucleotide polymorphism of BRCA2 is associated with severe oligospermia. […] A significant association was found between sperm DNA damage and factors such as age, obesity, and occupational stress.

• #25 Long, mysterious strips of RNA contribute to low sperm count

  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-08-mysterious-rna-contribute-sperm.html

  Scientists have found distinctive portions of genetic material—known as lncRNAs—that help sperm develop. Male mice lacking a particular lncRNA have low sperm count, suggesting lncRNAs could represent novel infertility drug targets. […] Khalil in reference to the mouse studies, „Our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of specific mammalian lncRNAs is a novel mechanism of low sperm count and potentially infertility.” […] One lncRNA—that the researchers found in very high amounts in mouse testes—also appears to help control sperm count. Mice without this lncRNA were fertile and sired normal litters, but had an approximately 20% reduction in sperm count, compared to healthy siblings. The findings suggest this lncRNA could serve as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for male infertility drugs.

• #26 Sperm Disorders – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/infertility-and-recurrent-pregnancy-loss/sperm-disorders

  Sperm disorders may result in […] An inadequate quantity of sperm too few (oligozoospermia) or none (azoospermia) […] Defects in sperm quality, such as abnormal motility or structure. […] Spermatogenesis can be impaired […] by the following, resulting in an inadequate quantity or defective quality of sperm: Heat, Disorders (endocrine, genetic, genitourinary), Medications (eg, anabolic steroids), Toxins. […] Men with microdeletions affecting the Y chromosome, particularly in the AZFc (azoospermia factor c) region, can develop oligozoospermia via various mechanisms, depending on the specific deletion. […] Impairment of spermatogenesis or impaired sperm emission can result in deficient sperm quantity or quality.

• #27 Male infertility – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773

  Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. […] A low sperm count is fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or fewer than 39 million per ejaculate. […] If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm count) is low, it decreases the odds that one of your sperm will fertilize your partner’s egg. […] Varicoceles lead to reduced sperm quantity and quality. […] Overexposure to certain environmental elements such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. […] Extended exposure to certain chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, organic solvents and painting materials may contribute to low sperm counts. […] Elevated temperatures may impair sperm production and function.

• #28 Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and male fertility: a narrative review | Environmental Sciences Europe | Full Text

  https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w

  Worldwide rising trend in infertility has been observed in the past few years with male infertility arising as a major problem. One main reason for the rise in male infertility cases is declining semen quality. […] Adverse environmental factors have a significant impact on semen quality, leading to decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, viability, and increased abnormal sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation, ultimately causing male infertility. […] It was observed that environmental pollution unfavorably affects semen quality by impairing the process of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Sertoli cell, and sperm functions, thereby leading to decreased male fertility. […] The exact mechanism by which air pollutants result in male infertility is not clear, but it can be explained to some extent by the facts that air pollution leads to: a). Hormonal disruption: The heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and PAH present in the exhaust of automobiles have estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic actions, which in turn can result in abnormal gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis, thereby leading to infertility.

• #29 Male infertility – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773

  Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. […] A low sperm count is fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or fewer than 39 million per ejaculate. […] If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm count) is low, it decreases the odds that one of your sperm will fertilize your partner’s egg. […] Varicoceles lead to reduced sperm quantity and quality. […] Overexposure to certain environmental elements such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. […] Extended exposure to certain chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, organic solvents and painting materials may contribute to low sperm counts. […] Elevated temperatures may impair sperm production and function.

• #30 Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and male fertility: a narrative review | Environmental Sciences Europe | Full Text

  https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w

  Hence, air pollution is one major factor in today’s era resulting in defective spermatogenesis, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, reduced motility, and abnormal morphological changes, leading to a rise in male infertility. […] Prolonged exposure to BPA in excessive concentrations can affect male fertility. […] Prolonged, and excessive exposure to various pesticides and herbicides in our daily life can be a cause of compromised male fertility. […] Heavy metals affect male fertility by inducing reactive oxygen species generation, which in turn cause lipid peroxidation, sperm DNA damage, leading to infertility. […] Temperature plays a crucial role in maintaining normal spermatogenesis in testes. […] Hence, exposure to high temperatures both due to occupation or environmental factors has a deleterious impact on overall semen quality and can cause male infertility.

• #31 Chronic exposure to warm temperature causes low sperm abundance and quality in Drosophila melanogaster | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39360-7

  Temperature influences male fertility across organisms; however, how suboptimal temperatures affect adult spermatogenesis remains understudied. […] Here, we show that males become infertile at 29 C because of low sperm abundance and quality. […] Interestingly, the abundance of sperm at 29 C decreases abruptly and with no evidence of apoptosis as they transition into the seminal vesicle near the end of spermatogenesis, pointing to sperm elimination through an unknown mechanism. […] Finally, sperm from males at 29 C fertilize eggs less efficiently and do not support embryos past the first stage of embryogenesis, indicating that poor sperm quality is an additional cause of male infertility at 29 C. […] Here, we analyze the effects of chronic exposure of adult Drosophila males to cold or warm temperatures on spermatogenesis and show that male sterility at 29 C is caused by reduced sperm production and low sperm quality.

• #32 Chronic exposure to warm temperature causes low sperm abundance and quality in Drosophila melanogaster | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39360-7

  At 29 C, sperm numbers drastically decreased between the terminal zone and seminal vesicle with no sign of apoptosis, suggesting that sperm are eliminated through an as-yet-unknown mechanism at the end of spermatogenesis. […] Our findings provide a solid foundation for future studies addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the deleterious effects of warm temperatures on the production of healthy sperm. […] The drastic reduction in male fertility at 29 C led us to wonder if fewer sperm were being produced. […] These results indicate that reduced sperm production partially explains the reduced fertility of males at 29 C. […] Altogether, these results demonstrate that the lower sperm production at 29 C is not caused by changes in the numbers of GSC or developing spermatids.

• #33 Chronic exposure to warm temperature causes low sperm abundance and quality in Drosophila melanogaster | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39360-7

  Temperature influences male fertility across organisms; however, how suboptimal temperatures affect adult spermatogenesis remains understudied. […] Here, we show that males become infertile at 29 C because of low sperm abundance and quality. […] Interestingly, the abundance of sperm at 29 C decreases abruptly and with no evidence of apoptosis as they transition into the seminal vesicle near the end of spermatogenesis, pointing to sperm elimination through an unknown mechanism. […] Finally, sperm from males at 29 C fertilize eggs less efficiently and do not support embryos past the first stage of embryogenesis, indicating that poor sperm quality is an additional cause of male infertility at 29 C. […] Here, we analyze the effects of chronic exposure of adult Drosophila males to cold or warm temperatures on spermatogenesis and show that male sterility at 29 C is caused by reduced sperm production and low sperm quality.

• #34 Chronic exposure to warm temperature causes low sperm abundance and quality in Drosophila melanogaster | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39360-7

  These results further show that adult males can tolerate high levels of spermatid differentiation defects while maintaining normal sperm production and fertility. […] These results suggest that the sperm elimination between the terminal zone and seminal vesicle at 29 C occurs through an apoptosis-independent mechanism, thereby explaining the reduction in sperm levels by the end of spermatogenesis. […] Our findings that sperm from 29 C males are not able to support embryogenesis past stage 1 suggest that any of these early processes might be impaired when sperm develop at warm temperatures.

• #35 The Impact of Temperature and Excessive Heat on Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/excessive-heat

  Elevated scrotal temperatures have been found to have a detrimental impact on sperm production through multiple mechanisms including apoptosis (programmed cell death) of spermatogenic cells, increased oxidative stress, and sperm DNA damage. […] Decreased semen parameters have been found in animal studies with increased heat exposure and human studies as well. […] Further evidence of an impact of heat on sperm quality is the well-documented decreases in sperm density around the world during the Summer months. […] These high temperatures have been associated with disruption of spermatogenesis and decreases in semen parameters. […] Studies have confirmed decreases in semen analysis parameters when men use their computers directly on their lap. […] Heated seats directly increase scrotal temperatures and should be avoided in men with fertility issues.

• #36 The Impact of Temperature and Excessive Heat on Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/excessive-heat

  Multiple studies have documented potential improvements in semen parameters with the use of loose underpants. […] Increased scrotal temperatures have been documented in the sitting position as opposed to standing and walking. […] Decreased semen parameters have been documented in bakers as well as ceramic oven operators. […] Military sailors exposed to extreme heat in submarines have also been noted to have decreases in sperm quality as well. […] Although scrotal cooling has not been extensively tested, a few small studies have shown evidence of some potential improvement in sperm quality.

• #37 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  For the body to make sperm, the testicles and certain organs in the brain that produce hormones need to work properly. […] Issues with any of these systems can lower the number of sperm in semen. […] When sperm’s movement or shape is irregular, that also can lessen fertility. […] Still, the cause of low sperm count often can’t be found. […] Low sperm count can be caused by health conditions such as: […] A varicocele (VAR-ih-koe-seel) is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It’s a common cause of male infertility. It can lower sperm count and quality. […] Some infections can impact sperm health or the body’s ability to make sperm. […] Ejaculation is the release of semen from the penis. […] Various health conditions and certain types of surgery can cause retrograde ejaculation or complete lack of ejaculation.

• #38 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Oligospermia is a condition in which the sperm count is below 15 million/ml semen. Many reproductive and non-reproductive causes have been reported, but the cause remains unexplained in most cases. It is the cause of infertility in approximately a third of couples seeking assisted reproductive techniques in order to conceive. […] Some common etiologies include: […] low androgen levels as in hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): Secondary testicular failure, whether congenital or acquired, may result from low gonadotropin secretion with reduced testosterone production. […] post-inflammatory testicular dysfunction: chronic infections or inflammation of the testes or genital tract lead to increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species which can damage the sperm cell membrane, resulting in impaired fertilization.

• #39 Oligospermia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligospermia

  Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. […] Mast cells releasing inflammatory mediators appear to directly suppress sperm motility in a potentially reversible manner, and may be a common pathophysiological mechanism for several of the factors mentioned above. […] In about 30% of infertile men, no causative factor is found for their decrease in sperm concentration or quality by common clinical, instrumental, or laboratory means, and the condition is termed „idiopathic” (unexplained). Several factors may be involved in the genesis of this condition, including age, infectious agents (such as Chlamydia trachomatis), Y chromosome microdeletions, mitochondrial changes, environmental pollutants, and „subtle” hormonal changes.

• #40 Study: Sperm counts decline even after mild COVID infections | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/study-sperm-counts-decline-even-after-mild-covid-infections

  Men recently infected with COVID-19 have decreased sperm counts for more than 3 months following even mild infections, and the sperm they do produce is less able to swim, according to new findings presented today at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) in Denmark. […] The findings are based on semen analyses taken after 100 days, suggesting COVID does long-term damage to the male reproductive tract. […] The continuing effect of COVID infection on semen quality in this later period may be caused by permanent damage due to the virus, even in mild infection. […] The exact mechanism for the damage is unknown, but Nunez-Calonge said the inflammation caused by COVID-19 is likely at play. […] „The inflammatory process can destroy germ cells by infiltrating the white blood cells involved in the immune system, and reduce testosterone levels by affecting the interstitial cells that produce the male hormone,” she said.

• #41 Men experience a long-term drop in semen quality after COVID infection – even if the infection was mild | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/993399

  More than three months after suffering from mild COVID infection, men have lower sperm concentrations and fewer sperm that are able to swim, according to new findings presented today (Monday) at the 39th annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). […] After an average of 100 days following SARS-CoV-2 infection there appeared to be no improvement in sperm quality and concentration, even though new sperm would have been produced in that time. […] We do not know how long it might take for semen quality to be restored and it may be the case that COVID has caused permanent damage, even in men who suffered only a mild infection. […] The continuing effect of COVID infection on semen quality in this later period may be caused by permanent damage due to the virus, even in mild infection.

• #42 Does COVID-19 affect sperm quality in males? the answer may be yes, but only temporarily | Virology Journal | Full Text

  https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-024-02290-5

  A recent systematic review and meta-analysis show that even though the viral RNA is usually undetectable in semen, COVID-19 affects sperm concentration, total sperm count, and sperm volume. […] However, some studies have shown that mild COVID-19 may have no detrimental effect on semen parameters. […] The comparison revealed a significant post-infection decrease in sperm concentration and total sperm count, as well as varying degrees of decrease in progressive motility and normal morphology, although not statistically significant. […] This confirms, at least in line with previous research, that infection is indeed an important factor affecting sperm quality, as there is consistency between the decrease in sperm concentration and total sperm count after infection and the subsequent recovery in sperm concentration.

• #43 Does COVID-19 affect sperm quality in males? the answer may be yes, but only temporarily | Virology Journal | Full Text

  https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-024-02290-5

  Our subsequent research across three specific time frames, before COVID-19 infection, within 3 months after infection, and 36 months after recovery, reaffirmed a noteworthy decrease in sperm concentration and total sperm count after infection, but within 3 to 6 months after recovery, the sperm concentration returned to the pre-infection level. […] This provides conclusive evidence for the impact of COVID-19 on sperm cycle-dependent parameters, with a possible mechanism involving temporary suppression of sperm production due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, specifically through the temporal immune-mediated arrest of active meiosis. […] However, this mechanism is temporary. […] The mechanisms through which COVID-19 causes a decline in sperm quality may be the result of multiple factors such as fever, inflammation, immune response, or oxidative stress.

• #44 Does COVID-19 affect sperm quality in males? the answer may be yes, but only temporarily | Virology Journal | Full Text

  https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-024-02290-5

  Our subsequent research across three specific time frames, before COVID-19 infection, within 3 months after infection, and 36 months after recovery, reaffirmed a noteworthy decrease in sperm concentration and total sperm count after infection, but within 3 to 6 months after recovery, the sperm concentration returned to the pre-infection level. […] This provides conclusive evidence for the impact of COVID-19 on sperm cycle-dependent parameters, with a possible mechanism involving temporary suppression of sperm production due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, specifically through the temporal immune-mediated arrest of active meiosis. […] However, this mechanism is temporary. […] The mechanisms through which COVID-19 causes a decline in sperm quality may be the result of multiple factors such as fever, inflammation, immune response, or oxidative stress.

• #45 Study: Sperm counts decline even after mild COVID infections | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/study-sperm-counts-decline-even-after-mild-covid-infections

  Men recently infected with COVID-19 have decreased sperm counts for more than 3 months following even mild infections, and the sperm they do produce is less able to swim, according to new findings presented today at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) in Denmark. […] The findings are based on semen analyses taken after 100 days, suggesting COVID does long-term damage to the male reproductive tract. […] The continuing effect of COVID infection on semen quality in this later period may be caused by permanent damage due to the virus, even in mild infection. […] The exact mechanism for the damage is unknown, but Nunez-Calonge said the inflammation caused by COVID-19 is likely at play. […] „The inflammatory process can destroy germ cells by infiltrating the white blood cells involved in the immune system, and reduce testosterone levels by affecting the interstitial cells that produce the male hormone,” she said.

• #46 Men experience a long-term drop in semen quality after COVID infection – even if the infection was mild | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/993399

  It is known that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect the testicles and sperm, but the mechanism is still unknown. […] The inflammatory process can destroy germ cells by infiltrating the white blood cells involved in the immune system, and reduce testosterone levels by affecting the interstitial cells that produce the male hormone. […] It should be mentioned that impairment of semen parameters may not be due to a direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. […] There are likely to be additional factors that contribute to long-term sperm parameters decrease, but whose identity is currently unknown. […] Furthermore, we did not measure hormonal levels in this study: intense changes in testosterone, a key player involved in male reproductive health, has previously been reported in COVID-infected male patients.

• #47 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240072

  The effects of smoking on human health have long been documented. However, only a few studies have highlighted the direct effects of nicotine on sperm function. Nicotine, as a chemical compound found in tobacco, has been shown to modulate different aspects of spermatogenesis and sperm functions. Nicotine can lead to a reduction in the number of sperm, their motility and functionality. […] In males, nicotine affects the testes where prolonged exposure changes the morphology of spermatogenic cells, reduces sperm production, decreased steroidogenesis and inhibits spermatogenesis resulting in decreased sperm counts, poor sperm motility and increased levels of DNA damage. […] Studies have suggested that the presence of nicotine in the body can have negative overall consequences on reproductive health, especially in males since it is more commonly used by them.

• #48 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240072

  Nicotine can also disrupt hormonal pathways involved in male fertility thus affecting both sperm production and functioning of the male reproductive system as a whole. Exposure to nicotine (in vivo) can cause disturbances in spermatogenesis leading to a reduction in sperm count with subsequent male infertility. […] The mechanisms through which nicotine affects SNPs have been a subject of extensive research. The findings of several studies suggest that nicotine activates certain molecular pathways leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and abnormal hypermethylation of sperm DNA. […] The impact of nicotine on H2BFWT and its functions has not yet been comprehensively investigated. However, some research that has been conducted indicates that exposure to nicotine alters the gene expression of H2BFWT.

• #49 Sperm concentration and semen volume increase after smoking cessation in infertile men | International Journal of Impotence Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-022-00605-0

  A significant increase in semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm count was observed 3 months after smoking cessation (2.480.79ml vs. 2.900.77ml, p=0.002; 18.45106/ml8.56 vs. 22.64106/ml11.69, p=0.001; 45.0424.38106 vs. 65.134.9106, p0.001, respectively). […] This study showed that smoking cessation had a positive effect on sperm concentration, semen volume, and total sperm count. […] Although smoking cessation contributed positively to sperm motility and morphology, the difference was not statistically significant.

• #50 Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-023-01098-2

  Although psychoactive drugs have their therapeutic values, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of male infertility. […] Psychoactive drugs negatively affect male reproductive functions, including sexual urge, androgen synthesis, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. […] These drugs directly induce testicular toxicity by promoting ROS-dependent testicular and sperm oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, and they also suppress the hypothalamic-pituitarytesticular axis. This results in the suppression of circulating androgen, impaired spermatogenesis, and reduced sperm quality. […] Psychoactive drug abuse not only harms male sexual and erectile function as well as testicular functions, viz., testosterone concentration, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality, but it also alters testicular histoarchitecture through a cascade of events via multiple pathways.

• #51 Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-023-01098-2

  Chronic codeine use has also been shown to cause testicular degeneration, as evidenced by vascular congestion, vacuolation, germ cell loss, and arrest of germ cell maturation, as well as circulating testosterone suppression via upregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive caspase 3 signalling. […] Codeine lowers sperm quality and induces oxidative sperm DNA damage and apoptosis. […] Tramadol has been proven to severely lower sperm count, viability, and normal morphology. […] Tramadol decreased primary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, Leydig cells, and sperm count. […] Chronic use of ketamine reduces the weight of male reproductive organs. […] Ketamine has also been revealed to disrupt the seminiferous tubular structure and reduce germ and seminiferous luminal sperm cells. […] Cannabis has been demonstrated to induce gonadotoxicity by triggering oxidative stress. […] It is associated with suppressing circulating LH, FSH, and testosterone and reduced sperm quality.

• #52 Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-023-01098-2

  Chronic codeine use has also been shown to cause testicular degeneration, as evidenced by vascular congestion, vacuolation, germ cell loss, and arrest of germ cell maturation, as well as circulating testosterone suppression via upregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive caspase 3 signalling. […] Codeine lowers sperm quality and induces oxidative sperm DNA damage and apoptosis. […] Tramadol has been proven to severely lower sperm count, viability, and normal morphology. […] Tramadol decreased primary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, Leydig cells, and sperm count. […] Chronic use of ketamine reduces the weight of male reproductive organs. […] Ketamine has also been revealed to disrupt the seminiferous tubular structure and reduce germ and seminiferous luminal sperm cells. […] Cannabis has been demonstrated to induce gonadotoxicity by triggering oxidative stress. […] It is associated with suppressing circulating LH, FSH, and testosterone and reduced sperm quality.

• #53 Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-023-01098-2

  Chronic codeine use has also been shown to cause testicular degeneration, as evidenced by vascular congestion, vacuolation, germ cell loss, and arrest of germ cell maturation, as well as circulating testosterone suppression via upregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive caspase 3 signalling. […] Codeine lowers sperm quality and induces oxidative sperm DNA damage and apoptosis. […] Tramadol has been proven to severely lower sperm count, viability, and normal morphology. […] Tramadol decreased primary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, Leydig cells, and sperm count. […] Chronic use of ketamine reduces the weight of male reproductive organs. […] Ketamine has also been revealed to disrupt the seminiferous tubular structure and reduce germ and seminiferous luminal sperm cells. […] Cannabis has been demonstrated to induce gonadotoxicity by triggering oxidative stress. […] It is associated with suppressing circulating LH, FSH, and testosterone and reduced sperm quality.

• #54 Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-023-01098-2

  Chronic codeine use has also been shown to cause testicular degeneration, as evidenced by vascular congestion, vacuolation, germ cell loss, and arrest of germ cell maturation, as well as circulating testosterone suppression via upregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive caspase 3 signalling. […] Codeine lowers sperm quality and induces oxidative sperm DNA damage and apoptosis. […] Tramadol has been proven to severely lower sperm count, viability, and normal morphology. […] Tramadol decreased primary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, Leydig cells, and sperm count. […] Chronic use of ketamine reduces the weight of male reproductive organs. […] Ketamine has also been revealed to disrupt the seminiferous tubular structure and reduce germ and seminiferous luminal sperm cells. […] Cannabis has been demonstrated to induce gonadotoxicity by triggering oxidative stress. […] It is associated with suppressing circulating LH, FSH, and testosterone and reduced sperm quality.

• #55 2021 Archive – New Research Finds Air Pollution Reduces Sperm Counts through Brain Inflammation | University of Maryland School of Medicine

  https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/news/2021/new-research-finds-air-pollution-reduces-sperm-counts-through-brain-inflammation.html

  Now, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers have shown how air pollution reduces sperm count in mice by causing inflammation in the brain. […] Our findings showed that the damage due to air pollutionat least to the sperm countcould be remedied by removing a single inflammation marker in the brains of mice, suggesting that we may be able to develop therapies that could prevent or reverse the damaging effects of air pollution on fertility. […] Looking back, it makes perfect sense that the neurons in the hypothalamus are the culprits perpetuating this inflammation response that results in low sperm count, as we know that the hypothalamus is a major pathway link between the brain and the reproductive system.

• #56 2021 Archive – New Research Finds Air Pollution Reduces Sperm Counts through Brain Inflammation | University of Maryland School of Medicine

  https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/news/2021/new-research-finds-air-pollution-reduces-sperm-counts-through-brain-inflammation.html

  Now, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers have shown how air pollution reduces sperm count in mice by causing inflammation in the brain. […] Our findings showed that the damage due to air pollutionat least to the sperm countcould be remedied by removing a single inflammation marker in the brains of mice, suggesting that we may be able to develop therapies that could prevent or reverse the damaging effects of air pollution on fertility. […] Looking back, it makes perfect sense that the neurons in the hypothalamus are the culprits perpetuating this inflammation response that results in low sperm count, as we know that the hypothalamus is a major pathway link between the brain and the reproductive system.

• #57 Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and male fertility: a narrative review | Environmental Sciences Europe | Full Text

  https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w

  Worldwide rising trend in infertility has been observed in the past few years with male infertility arising as a major problem. One main reason for the rise in male infertility cases is declining semen quality. […] Adverse environmental factors have a significant impact on semen quality, leading to decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, viability, and increased abnormal sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation, ultimately causing male infertility. […] It was observed that environmental pollution unfavorably affects semen quality by impairing the process of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Sertoli cell, and sperm functions, thereby leading to decreased male fertility. […] The exact mechanism by which air pollutants result in male infertility is not clear, but it can be explained to some extent by the facts that air pollution leads to: a). Hormonal disruption: The heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and PAH present in the exhaust of automobiles have estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic actions, which in turn can result in abnormal gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis, thereby leading to infertility.

• #58 Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and male fertility: a narrative review | Environmental Sciences Europe | Full Text

  https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w

  Hence, air pollution is one major factor in today’s era resulting in defective spermatogenesis, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, reduced motility, and abnormal morphological changes, leading to a rise in male infertility. […] Prolonged exposure to BPA in excessive concentrations can affect male fertility. […] Prolonged, and excessive exposure to various pesticides and herbicides in our daily life can be a cause of compromised male fertility. […] Heavy metals affect male fertility by inducing reactive oxygen species generation, which in turn cause lipid peroxidation, sperm DNA damage, leading to infertility. […] Temperature plays a crucial role in maintaining normal spermatogenesis in testes. […] Hence, exposure to high temperatures both due to occupation or environmental factors has a deleterious impact on overall semen quality and can cause male infertility.

• #59 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Do-Stress-and-Anxiety-Affect-Sperm-Quality.aspx

  The mechanism by which stress affects the quality of semen is not fully understood yet. According to researchers, stress may cause the release of steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids, which can decrease testosterone levels as well as sperm production. Oxidative stress is another possibility and has been found to adversely impact semen and sperm quality and fertility. […] One study by Jurewicz et al. included 179 men with sperm counts ranging from normal (15-300 million/ml) to lower than average (a condition known as oligospermia), at 10-15 million/ml. The results showed that stressful work periods negatively affect semen volume and the percentage of progressive spermatozoa. These had an adverse impact on semen quality and fertility. This confirmed the adverse effects of occupational stress on semen quality.

• #60 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Do-Stress-and-Anxiety-Affect-Sperm-Quality.aspx

  The mechanism by which stress affects the quality of semen is not fully understood yet. According to researchers, stress may cause the release of steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids, which can decrease testosterone levels as well as sperm production. Oxidative stress is another possibility and has been found to adversely impact semen and sperm quality and fertility. […] One study by Jurewicz et al. included 179 men with sperm counts ranging from normal (15-300 million/ml) to lower than average (a condition known as oligospermia), at 10-15 million/ml. The results showed that stressful work periods negatively affect semen volume and the percentage of progressive spermatozoa. These had an adverse impact on semen quality and fertility. This confirmed the adverse effects of occupational stress on semen quality.

• #61 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Do-Stress-and-Anxiety-Affect-Sperm-Quality.aspx

  Another study at Soroka University Medical Center in Beer-Sheva, Israel, and the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) found that prolonged stress, as in soldiers on active wartime duty, reduced sperm quality. There was a 47% increase in chances of impaired sperm motility with samples obtained during a stressful time compared to those obtained during normal periods. Poor sperm motility thus affects the chances of successful fertilization. […] Researchers at Rutgers School of Public Health and Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health confirm these correlations. According to them, stress affects the concentration and morphology of sperm, and also its ability to fertilize an ovum. Using both subjective and objective assessments, they found semen quality to be inversely proportional to mental stress. Workplace stress affected testosterone levels and could therefore impact the reproductive health of these men. The sperm quality of unemployed men was also lower than that of employed men.

• #62 Male infertility: Can cell phone use impact sperm count?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cell-phone-use-male-infertility

  A large population-based study shows decreased sperm concentration and total sperm count with increased mobile phone use. […] Some researchers believe mobile phones emitting low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may affect male fertility. […] The 13-year study suggests that smartphone use may be associated with lower sperm concentration and total sperm count (TSC) in young adult males. […] Median sperm concentration was markedly higher among the men who reported using their phones once weekly compared with those who used their phones more than 20 times daily. […] The trajectory appears to align with the progression of new technologies from 2G to 3G to 4G, corresponding to a decrease in the mobile phones output power. […] Study models did not show any association between carrying phones in the pants and lower semen quality parameters.

• #63 Male infertility: Can cell phone use impact sperm count?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cell-phone-use-male-infertility

  A large population-based study shows decreased sperm concentration and total sperm count with increased mobile phone use. […] Some researchers believe mobile phones emitting low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may affect male fertility. […] The 13-year study suggests that smartphone use may be associated with lower sperm concentration and total sperm count (TSC) in young adult males. […] Median sperm concentration was markedly higher among the men who reported using their phones once weekly compared with those who used their phones more than 20 times daily. […] The trajectory appears to align with the progression of new technologies from 2G to 3G to 4G, corresponding to a decrease in the mobile phones output power. […] Study models did not show any association between carrying phones in the pants and lower semen quality parameters.

• #64 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.190145

  CoQ10 supplementation for three months could improve semen parameters, oxidative stress markers and reduce SDF in infertile men with idiopathic OA. […] One of the factors that have been proven to cause idiopathic male infertility is oxidative stress (OS) which is a key responsible factor for causing about 30% to 80% of men subfertility. […] The increased OS causes DNA nicks and breaks that need repair. […] The faulty repair of the DNA owing to decreased protamination can result in DNA damage. […] DNA fragmentation is an irreversible process that can alter sperm function leading to infertility and several tests have been established for detecting SDF. […] Coenzyme Q10 deficiency can lead to sperm damage, lower sperm motility and sperm count. […] Studies have shown that the supplementation with CoQ10 can improve the reproductive outcomes in men with fertility problems.

• #65 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.190145

  CoQ10 supplementation for three months could improve semen parameters, oxidative stress markers and reduce SDF in infertile men with idiopathic OA. […] One of the factors that have been proven to cause idiopathic male infertility is oxidative stress (OS) which is a key responsible factor for causing about 30% to 80% of men subfertility. […] The increased OS causes DNA nicks and breaks that need repair. […] The faulty repair of the DNA owing to decreased protamination can result in DNA damage. […] DNA fragmentation is an irreversible process that can alter sperm function leading to infertility and several tests have been established for detecting SDF. […] Coenzyme Q10 deficiency can lead to sperm damage, lower sperm motility and sperm count. […] Studies have shown that the supplementation with CoQ10 can improve the reproductive outcomes in men with fertility problems.

• #66 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.190145

  In the state of increased OS, endogenous enzymatic antioxidants also alter their activities to cope with the condition. […] The present study also showed a significant increase in TAC and GPx after CoQ10 administration. […] Studies have shown that men fertility can be compromised by excessive SDF. […] The present study also focusses on the decrease of SDF index after CoQ10 administration in the infertile patients with idiopathic OA. […] CoQ10 can attenuate ROS effects and enhance sperm functions owing to its antioxidant activity.

• #67 Low Sperm Count – How to Get PregnantFacebookInstagramYouTubeFacebookInstagramYouTube

  https://www.myfertilityfocus.com/low-sperm-count/

  Low sperm count (medically known as oligospermia) is a very common cause of subfertility or infertility in couples. […] The quality of sperm is often more important than the quantity. For example, small numbers of excellent quality sperm may provide a better chance of conception than large numbers of poor quality sperm. […] A significant cause of male infertility is something called ‘free radical damage’. Free radicals are toxic metabolites produced by normal processes in our bodies. However, they are also produced through exposure to certain environmental factors. These highly reactive molecules damage cells, and an excess of free radicals in semen is also responsible for damaging sperm, which can lead to infertility and miscarriage.

• #68 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Male infertility can result from anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Normal male fertility hinges on the production and transport of sperm, a highly complex process that involves the endocrine, immune and neural systems. […] Male infertility is associated with poorer overall health, increased cancer risk and decreased life expectancy. […] Male infertility can be caused by a wide range of conditions, encompassing anatomical or genetic abnormalities, systemic or neurological diseases, infections, trauma, iatrogenic injury, gonadotoxins and development of sperm antibodies. […] Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, also known as secondary hypogonadism, results from failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to stimulate normal gonadal function.

• #69 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  For the body to make sperm, the testicles and certain organs in the brain that produce hormones need to work properly. […] Issues with any of these systems can lower the number of sperm in semen. […] When sperm’s movement or shape is irregular, that also can lessen fertility. […] Still, the cause of low sperm count often can’t be found. […] Low sperm count can be caused by health conditions such as: […] A varicocele (VAR-ih-koe-seel) is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It’s a common cause of male infertility. It can lower sperm count and quality. […] Some infections can impact sperm health or the body’s ability to make sperm. […] Ejaculation is the release of semen from the penis. […] Various health conditions and certain types of surgery can cause retrograde ejaculation or complete lack of ejaculation.

• #70 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  Gonadal and sexual functions are mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, a closed-loop system with feedback control from the testicles. […] Infertile men may have deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration (eg, oligospermia [too few sperm], azoospermia [no sperm in the ejaculate]), or transportation. The causes can be categorized as obstructive or nonobstructive. […] Varicoceles may lead to impaired testicular spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, potentially due to an increased intratesticular temperature, reflux of toxic metabolites, and/or germ cell hypoxia; this appears to be progressive over time. […] Varicoceles lead to an increased incidence of sperm immaturity, apoptosis, and necrosis with severe disturbances in meiotic segregation compared with fertile men without varicoceles.

• #71 Male infertility – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773

  Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. […] A low sperm count is fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or fewer than 39 million per ejaculate. […] If the number of sperm in your semen (sperm count) is low, it decreases the odds that one of your sperm will fertilize your partner’s egg. […] Varicoceles lead to reduced sperm quantity and quality. […] Overexposure to certain environmental elements such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. […] Extended exposure to certain chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, organic solvents and painting materials may contribute to low sperm counts. […] Elevated temperatures may impair sperm production and function.

• #72 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  Gonadal and sexual functions are mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, a closed-loop system with feedback control from the testicles. […] Infertile men may have deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration (eg, oligospermia [too few sperm], azoospermia [no sperm in the ejaculate]), or transportation. The causes can be categorized as obstructive or nonobstructive. […] Varicoceles may lead to impaired testicular spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, potentially due to an increased intratesticular temperature, reflux of toxic metabolites, and/or germ cell hypoxia; this appears to be progressive over time. […] Varicoceles lead to an increased incidence of sperm immaturity, apoptosis, and necrosis with severe disturbances in meiotic segregation compared with fertile men without varicoceles.

• #73 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Even if hypogonadism is identified, exogenous testosterone use is contraindicated in patients seeking fertility treatment. Spermatogenesis requires a certain level of intratesticular testosterone, and exogenous testosterone use, by inhibiting the production of LH, suppresses endogenous testicular testosterone production. […] Greater sperm DNA fragmentation is seen in patients who are infertile, and is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. […] Genetic testing is indicated for patients with severe oligospermia (5 million/mL). […] A specific region, named AZF (azoospermia factor), in the long arm of the Y chromosome is critical to normal spermatogenesis. […] Correction of varicocele is indicated in patients with a clinically detectable varicocele and abnormal semen analysis as it improves pregnancy rates. […] Many patients with obstructive azoospermia can undergo reconstructive surgery to restore sperm transport continuity. […] Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) allows for identification and selective excision of larger seminiferous tubules, which are more likely to yield sperm.

• #74 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #75 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #76 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #77 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #78 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #79 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #80 Medical Conditions That Can Impact Sperm Quality — Male Infertility Guide

  https://www.maleinfertilityguide.com/medical-conditions-and-fertility

  Men with CAH typically present with low sperm count (oligospermia) or a zero sperm count (azoospermia), low FSH levels, testicular atrophy, and high testosterone levels. […] Men with beta-thalassemia can have fertility issues ranging from mild sperm abnormalities to complete azoospermia, and live births are possible with treatment. […] In men with ICS, the tails of the sperm do not function. The sperm are alive but cannot swim up the fallopian tubes to fertilize any eggs. […] If left untreated, approximately 13% of men unilateral and up to 98% of men with bilateral undescended testicles become azoospermic. […] About 50 percent of men with testicular cancer have a low sperm count (oligospermia) and 10 percent have a total absence of sperm (azoospermia). […] Many men with sickle cell anemia therefore often have hypogonadism along with testicular atrophy, and an estimated 70-100% of men with sickle cell anemia have abnormalities on semen analysis testing. […] Decreases in sperm counts and quality have been shown to occur in men with prior testicular torsion that was repaired presumably due to ischemic damage of the testicular tubules.

• #81 Oligospermia (Low Sperm Count): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22477-oligospermia-low-sperm-count

  Oligospermia (AH-li-go-SPER-me-uh) is the medical term for a low sperm count. A typical sperm count ranges from 15 million to over 200 million sperm per 1 milliliter of semen. If you have oligospermia, you have fewer than 15 million sperm in 1 milliliter of semen. […] A low sperm count can cause male infertility. Having a low sperm count doesn’t mean your partner can’t get pregnant. But it can take longer or be more challenging. […] Varicoceles are one of the most common causes of oligospermia. About 4 out of 10 males with low sperm counts have a swollen vein in their scrotums. […] It depends on the cause. In some cases, you may increase your sperm count by stopping medications or behaviors that contribute to low sperm levels. […] Other causes may need treatments. Treatments may include: Antibiotics, Counseling to treat issues like erectile dysfunction, Hormone supplements, Surgery to treat an enlarged scrotal vein or blockage. […] Each oligospermia cause has a different prognosis. But many causes are treatable. If a healthcare provider diagnoses you with oligospermia, you’ll work together to determine the cause and your treatment options.

• #82 5 Low Sperm Count Treatment Options for Men

  https://www.pfcla.com/blog/low-sperm-count-treatment

  Hormonal treatments can be effective for men with low sperm count caused by hormonal imbalances. These treatments aim to stimulate sperm production by regulating hormone levels. […] Antibiotics can be a crucial treatment for low sperm count when it’s caused by an infection. Infections in the reproductive tract can impair sperm production or block the sperm’s path. […] Surgery can be a viable option for certain men with low sperm count. The specific procedure depends on the underlying cause of the issue.

• #83 Fertility Pills for Men & Medication Monitoring | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/fertility/treatments/male-fertility-drugs

  Clomid helps increase your testosterone to help you produce more sperm. […] Clomid and enclomiphene increase the hormones released from the pituitary gland. This increase in hormones allows your testes to make more testosterone and sperm. […] Boosted levels of reproductive hormones increase your fertility: Increase sperm count. […] Men who have a low sperm count or no sperm also produce more sperm while on anastrozole. […] Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates your testes to make their own testosterone and produce more sperm. Your body’s natural production of testosterone is important. You need your body’s testes to produce testosterone naturally to maintain testis size and sperm count. […] Research shows that hCG increases the energy, libido, strength, and mood in men with low testosterone. HCG can help you build testosterone no matter what causes your low testosterone levels. Sperm retrieval interventions like microTESE are typically more successful for men with little to no sperm who use hCG.

• #84 Fertility Pills for Men & Medication Monitoring | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/fertility/treatments/male-fertility-drugs

  Clomid helps increase your testosterone to help you produce more sperm. […] Clomid and enclomiphene increase the hormones released from the pituitary gland. This increase in hormones allows your testes to make more testosterone and sperm. […] Boosted levels of reproductive hormones increase your fertility: Increase sperm count. […] Men who have a low sperm count or no sperm also produce more sperm while on anastrozole. […] Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates your testes to make their own testosterone and produce more sperm. Your body’s natural production of testosterone is important. You need your body’s testes to produce testosterone naturally to maintain testis size and sperm count. […] Research shows that hCG increases the energy, libido, strength, and mood in men with low testosterone. HCG can help you build testosterone no matter what causes your low testosterone levels. Sperm retrieval interventions like microTESE are typically more successful for men with little to no sperm who use hCG.

• #85 7 Ashwagandha Benefits for Men

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ashwagandha-for-erectile-dysfunction-5198850

  Research suggests that ashwagandha may help enhance sperm count and motility (movement), potentially improving fertility in males. […] An older study involving 46 younger men with infertility reported that the daily use of an ashwagandha extract for 90 days improved all sperm parameters. This includes a 167% increase in sperm count, a 53% increase in semen volume, and a 57% increase in sperm motility. […] Even so, the improvements don’t necessarily mean that a person no longer has oligospermia (low sperm count), although it may improve the odds of conception in some cases.

• #86 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.190145

  CoQ10 supplementation for three months could improve semen parameters, oxidative stress markers and reduce SDF in infertile men with idiopathic OA. […] One of the factors that have been proven to cause idiopathic male infertility is oxidative stress (OS) which is a key responsible factor for causing about 30% to 80% of men subfertility. […] The increased OS causes DNA nicks and breaks that need repair. […] The faulty repair of the DNA owing to decreased protamination can result in DNA damage. […] DNA fragmentation is an irreversible process that can alter sperm function leading to infertility and several tests have been established for detecting SDF. […] Coenzyme Q10 deficiency can lead to sperm damage, lower sperm motility and sperm count. […] Studies have shown that the supplementation with CoQ10 can improve the reproductive outcomes in men with fertility problems.

• #87 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.190145

  In the state of increased OS, endogenous enzymatic antioxidants also alter their activities to cope with the condition. […] The present study also showed a significant increase in TAC and GPx after CoQ10 administration. […] Studies have shown that men fertility can be compromised by excessive SDF. […] The present study also focusses on the decrease of SDF index after CoQ10 administration in the infertile patients with idiopathic OA. […] CoQ10 can attenuate ROS effects and enhance sperm functions owing to its antioxidant activity.

• #88 5 Low Sperm Count Treatment Options for Men

  https://www.pfcla.com/blog/low-sperm-count-treatment

  Hormonal treatments can be effective for men with low sperm count caused by hormonal imbalances. These treatments aim to stimulate sperm production by regulating hormone levels. […] Antibiotics can be a crucial treatment for low sperm count when it’s caused by an infection. Infections in the reproductive tract can impair sperm production or block the sperm’s path. […] Surgery can be a viable option for certain men with low sperm count. The specific procedure depends on the underlying cause of the issue.

• #89 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Even if hypogonadism is identified, exogenous testosterone use is contraindicated in patients seeking fertility treatment. Spermatogenesis requires a certain level of intratesticular testosterone, and exogenous testosterone use, by inhibiting the production of LH, suppresses endogenous testicular testosterone production. […] Greater sperm DNA fragmentation is seen in patients who are infertile, and is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. […] Genetic testing is indicated for patients with severe oligospermia (5 million/mL). […] A specific region, named AZF (azoospermia factor), in the long arm of the Y chromosome is critical to normal spermatogenesis. […] Correction of varicocele is indicated in patients with a clinically detectable varicocele and abnormal semen analysis as it improves pregnancy rates. […] Many patients with obstructive azoospermia can undergo reconstructive surgery to restore sperm transport continuity. […] Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) allows for identification and selective excision of larger seminiferous tubules, which are more likely to yield sperm.

• #90 Male infertility – The other side of the equation

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/male-infertility

  Even if hypogonadism is identified, exogenous testosterone use is contraindicated in patients seeking fertility treatment. Spermatogenesis requires a certain level of intratesticular testosterone, and exogenous testosterone use, by inhibiting the production of LH, suppresses endogenous testicular testosterone production. […] Greater sperm DNA fragmentation is seen in patients who are infertile, and is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. […] Genetic testing is indicated for patients with severe oligospermia (5 million/mL). […] A specific region, named AZF (azoospermia factor), in the long arm of the Y chromosome is critical to normal spermatogenesis. […] Correction of varicocele is indicated in patients with a clinically detectable varicocele and abnormal semen analysis as it improves pregnancy rates. […] Many patients with obstructive azoospermia can undergo reconstructive surgery to restore sperm transport continuity. […] Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) allows for identification and selective excision of larger seminiferous tubules, which are more likely to yield sperm.

• #91 Fertility Pills for Men & Medication Monitoring | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/fertility/treatments/male-fertility-drugs

  Clomid helps increase your testosterone to help you produce more sperm. […] Clomid and enclomiphene increase the hormones released from the pituitary gland. This increase in hormones allows your testes to make more testosterone and sperm. […] Boosted levels of reproductive hormones increase your fertility: Increase sperm count. […] Men who have a low sperm count or no sperm also produce more sperm while on anastrozole. […] Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates your testes to make their own testosterone and produce more sperm. Your body’s natural production of testosterone is important. You need your body’s testes to produce testosterone naturally to maintain testis size and sperm count. […] Research shows that hCG increases the energy, libido, strength, and mood in men with low testosterone. HCG can help you build testosterone no matter what causes your low testosterone levels. Sperm retrieval interventions like microTESE are typically more successful for men with little to no sperm who use hCG.

Zobacz więcej