Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oligospermia (Low Sperm Count): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22477-oligospermia-low-sperm-count

  Oligospermia (AH-li-go-SPER-me-uh) is the medical term for a low sperm count. A typical sperm count ranges from 15 million to over 200 million sperm per 1 milliliter of semen. If you have oligospermia, you have fewer than 15 million sperm in 1 milliliter of semen. […] A low sperm count can cause male infertility. […] Many different situations may cause you to experience oligospermia or other sperm disorders. […] Some diseases and conditions that can cause oligospermia include: […] Environmental toxins can affect any part of your body, including your sperm. […] Varicoceles are one of the most common causes of oligospermia. […] Malnutrition may affect your sperm health and contribute to a low sperm count. […] Each oligospermia cause has a different prognosis. But many causes are treatable. […] Oligospermia means that you have a measurable amount of sperm in your semen. But the numbers are lower than expected.

• #2 Low Sperm Count: Causes, Signs, Treatment, Pregnancy Chances

  https://www.healthline.com/health/infertility/low-sperm-count

  Low sperm count, also called oligospermia, is a major cause of male infertility. Sperm count is considered low if it dips below 15 million sperm per milliliter (mL) of semen, although the average is around 75 million sperm per mL. […] Risk factors include having obesity or overweight, having experienced trauma or surgery in or around the testicles, and taking certain medications. Other things that may put you at risk include exposing your testicles to too much heat or having other medical issues. […] Beyond that, there are various causes of low sperm quality, which can be divided into three main categories: medical, environmental, and lifestyle. […] A history of testicular symptoms, injury, or surgeries, as well as genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, may increase your chances of having a low sperm count.

• #3 Low Sperm Count | Reproductive Science Center

  https://rscbayarea.com/learn/male-infertility/sperm/low-sperm-count.html

  A mans normal range of sperm production is 40 million to 300 million sperm per milliliter of ejaculate. Sperm counts below 10 million per milliliter of ejaculate are considered poor; counts of 20 million or more may be acceptable, if motility and morphology are normal. […] the causes of low sperm count are sometimes temporary for example, in cases of illness (especially with fever), unusually high stress levels, and poor nutrition. […] Oligospermia refers to very low sperm count. […] Azoospermia refers to a sperm count of zero in the ejaculate a result of either obstructive or non-obstructive causes. […] If no sperm are present, the semen will be tested for seminal fructose, normally produced by the seminal vesicles. […] A very low ejaculate volume indicates that the seminal vesicles may not be making enough fluid or that these ducts may be blocked.

• #4 Low Sperm Count Symptoms Causes and Treatment | Xenith IVF

  https://xenithivf.com/low-sperm-count-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  It happens in 30% to 50% of the cases where couples have been actively trying to get pregnant and yet not able to succeed. Low sperm count is often the problem. The technical term for this is an odd-sounding word called oligospermia. Low sperm count is a condition when men do not have adequate quantity or quality of sperm to fertilize the egg. […] There could be many reasons why men have low sperm count. Some reasons are related to environmental factors, genes, as well as lifestyle habits. The reasons below are informative, but not exhaustive: Genetic disorder, Physiological problems with the male reproductive system, Hormone imbalance, Certain medications, Being overweight, Stress, Previous infections, Varicocele (engorged blood vessels around testes), Consumption of alcohol, Cigarette smoking, Overheating of testicles due to tight innerwear, Idiopathic, Consumption or exposure to toxins (hazardous work environment), Chronic illness or tumours that affect reproductive organs/functions, Cancer treatments. […] If your semen analysis shows a low sperm count, we may ask you to undergo further investigations to determine the reason for your low sperm count.

• #5 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  A low sperm count also is called oligospermia (ol-ih-go-SPUR-me-uh). […] Your sperm count is considered lower than typical if you have fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. […] For the body to make sperm, the testicles and certain organs in the brain that produce hormones need to work properly. […] Issues with any of these systems can lower the number of sperm in semen. […] Still, the cause of low sperm count often can’t be found. […] Low sperm count can be caused by health conditions such as: Varicocele. A varicocele (VAR-ih-koe-seel) is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It’s a common cause of male infertility. It can lower sperm count and quality. […] Some infections can impact sperm health or the body’s ability to make sperm. […] Ejaculation is the release of semen from the penis.

• #6 Causes of Low Sperm Count – Male Infertility Specialists in Austin

  https://txfertility.com/male-infertility/low-sperm-counts/

  Hormonal Imbalances Hormones drive the production of sperm, and sometimes the hormonal signals between the brain, pituitary and testicles can stall or cease altogether. […] Previous Vasectomy Surgeries to reverse vasectomy can produce successful results to restore patency in the tubes that carry sperm. […] Medications for Low T Ask your fertility doctor about the medications that may lead to a low sperm count, including popular Low T therapies. […] Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Certain habits and occupations put men at risk for fertility problems, and a lower sperm count can make it difficult to become a father. […] In extreme cases, prolonged exposure to heat and long-distance cycling can also affect a man’s fertility and leave him with a low sperm count. […] Your Texas Fertility Center physician expertly helps men overcome a low sperm count.

• #7 Low sperm count

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/l/low-sperm-count2/

  Infection. Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. […] Hormone imbalances. The hypothalamus, pituitary and testicles produce hormones that are necessary to create sperm. Alterations in these hormones, as well as from other systems such as the thyroid and adrenal gland, may impair sperm production. […] Chromosome defects. Inherited disorders such as Klinefelter’s syndrome — in which a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y — cause abnormal development of the male reproductive organs. Other genetic syndromes associated with infertility include cystic fibrosis, Kallmann’s syndrome and Kartagener’s syndrome. […] Environmental causes […] Sperm production or function can be affected by overexposure to certain environmental elements, including:

• #8 Low sperm count – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/low-sperm-count/

  Low sperm count can be caused by a number of health issues and medical treatments. Some of these include: […] The production of sperm is a complex process and requires normal functioning of the testicles (testes) as well as the hypothalamus and pituitary glands — organs in your brain that produce hormones that trigger sperm production. Once sperm are produced in the testicles, delicate tubes transport them until they mix with semen and are ejaculated out of the penis. Problems with any of these systems can affect sperm production. […] However, often the cause of low sperm count isn’t identified. […] Low sperm count can be caused by a number of health issues and medical treatments. Some of these include: […] Hormone imbalances. The hypothalamus, pituitary and testicles produce hormones that are necessary to create sperm. Alterations in these hormones, as well as from other systems such as the thyroid and adrenal gland, may impair sperm production.

• #9 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Oligospermia is a condition in which the sperm count is below 15 million/ml semen. Many reproductive and non-reproductive causes have been reported, but the cause remains unexplained in most cases. It is the cause of infertility in approximately a third of couples seeking assisted reproductive techniques in order to conceive. […] Some common etiologies include: […] low androgen levels as in hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): Secondary testicular failure, whether congenital or acquired, may result from low gonadotropin secretion with reduced testosterone production. […] Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH): This form is characterized by a deficiency in the production of gonadotropin (LH, FSH) by the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary. […] primary testicular failure, with small, soft testes and a high FSH level

• #10 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  Y chromosome microdeletion (YCMD) – this is common in primary testicular or incomplete testicular failure. […] Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) this is due to deficiency of gonadotropin secretion in the pituitary and is present from birth. […] cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation, which manifests with congenital absence of the vasa and seminal vesicle atresia, resulting in a low semen volume. […] abnormalities of various genes which regulate testicular maturation, such as MLH1 or MSH2 gene mutations […] Karyotype abnormalities can show structural anomalies, mostly Robertsonian translocations and inversions of whole chromosomes, which is found in 6 percent of infertile males. […] 46,XX karyotype is a rare translocation found in azoospermia, with absence of most of the Y chromosome rendering sperm production impossible.

• #11 What Causes Male Infertility?

  https://web.stanford.edu/class/siw198q/websites/reprotech/New%20Ways%20of%20Making%20Babies/causemal.htm

  A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility. […] In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm. […] Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality. […] Male infertility has many causes–from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems. […] The following is a list of hormonal disorders which can disrupt male infertility: […] Hyperprolactinemia: Elevated prolactin–a hormone associated with nursing mothers, is found in 10 to 40 percent of infertile males. […] Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone levels–can cause poor semen quality, poor testicular function and may disturb libido.

• #12 8 DIFFERENT CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY: Rocky Mountain Fertility Center: Reproductive Endocrinologists

  https://www.rockymountainfertility.com/blog/8-different-causes-of-male-infertility

  A third of the cases of infertility in couples are due to male fertility factors. Typical causes of male infertility range from physical to psychological issues; lifestyle choices are also known to impact male reproductive health. […] Hormones that control the testes and lead to normal sperm production are regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary. Disturbances in hormones can impede testosterone synthesis and the production of sperm. […] Hyperprolactinemia, characterized by elevated prolactin hormone level, lowers sperm generation and libido in men. […] Hypothyroidism, associated with reduced thyroid hormone levels also impairs semen quality and libido. […] Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a condition wherein the pituitary functions are reduced by high adrenal androgen levels.

• #13 8 DIFFERENT CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY: Rocky Mountain Fertility Center: Reproductive Endocrinologists

  https://www.rockymountainfertility.com/blog/8-different-causes-of-male-infertility

  The pituitary gland secretion of FSH and LH is necessary for sperm development. Low FSH and LH production by the pituitary, known as hypogonadotropic hypopituitarism, causes the gradual loss of the male germ cells (seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells). […] Testicular failure Very high FSH and LH blood levels may indicated that the testicles have stopped working. […] Finally, panhypopituitarism, or the complete failure of the pituitary gland, decreases secretions of growth hormone, thyroid hormones, FSH and LH, leading to impotence, reduced libido and the loss of secondary sex characteristics. […] Physical abnormalities can hinder sperm production and the passage from the testes to the penis. […] For example, the formation of a varicocele, or enlarged internal spermatic veins, can block blood drainage from the testicle to the abdomen.

• #14 Male Infertility – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562258/

  There are multiple causes for male infertility, which can be broadly classified due to their general underlying etiology. These include endocrine disorders (usually due to hypogonadism) estimated at 2% to 5% of cases, sperm transport disorders (such as vasectomy) at 5%, primary testicular defects (which include abnormal sperm parameters without any identifiable cause) at 65% to 80% and idiopathic (where an infertile male has normal sperm and semen parameters) at 10% to 20%. […] The key purpose for evaluating a male for infertility is to identify his contributing factors, offer treatment for those that are reversible, determine if he is a candidate for assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and provide counseling for irreversible and untreatable conditions. […] There are several reasons for male fertility, including both reversible and irreversible conditions. Other factors can influence each partner, including age, medications, surgical history, exposure to environmental toxins, genetic problems, and systemic diseases.

• #15 Genetic Disorders & Infertility in Men | Fertility Center

  https://fertility.womenandinfants.org/services/male-infertility/genetic-disorders-infertility-in-men

  Genetic disorders cause infertility in men primarily by compromising the production of mature sperm, called spermatogenesis, and its transportation to the egg for fertilization. […] According to a study published by the National Institutes of Health, genetic disorders cause 2%-8% of male infertility cases. […] Genetic testing may be recommended if the man has a very low sperm count, no sperm in semen or physical defects such as small testicles, and if he and his partner have experienced multiple miscarriages. […] The primary types of genetic disorders causing male infertility are cystic fibrosis gene mutation, chromosomal abnormalities in number such as Klienfelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions of genes, Noonan syndrome, and chromosomal translocations. […] A semen analysis and/or physical exam first determines that the sperm is the source of male infertility, then depending on the fertility specialists evaluation, genetic testing will be done to pinpoint a genetic abnormality.

• #16 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  radiation damage can also result in oligospermia. […] in utero exposures to estrogenic compounds, such as diethylstilbestrol, have been associated with abnormal testicular development and oligospermia in adults. […] Men with severe oligozoospermia, when the sperm count is less than 5 million per ml semen, present with a higher risk (7-10 percent) of genetic abnormalities. […] Only 20-30 percent of men with azoospermia or severe oligospermia are finally diagnosed to have a specific disorder, while the vast majority of gene abnormalities leading to male infertility remain unknown as of date. […] Identified genetic causes of male subfertility include: […] Klinefelters syndrome (47 XXY) this is characterized by testicular atrophy and impaired testosterone production, with azoospermia.

• #17 What Causes Male Infertility?

  https://web.stanford.edu/class/siw198q/websites/reprotech/New%20Ways%20of%20Making%20Babies/causemal.htm

  Seven percent of infertile men cannot transport sperm from their testicles to out of their penis. […] Torsion pinches the blood vessels that feed the testes shut which causes testicular damage. […] A low sperm count and low sperm motility are indicators of this condition. […] Klinefelters Syndrome: Is a genetic condition in which each cell in the human body has an additional X chromosome–men with Klinefelters Syndrome have one Y and two X chromosomes. […] Once testicular failure has occurred, improving fertility is impossible. […] Several sexual problems exist that can affect male fertility. […] Erectile Disfunction (ED): Also known as impotence, this condition is common and affects 20 million American men. […] Many of the common causes of impotence include: diabetes, high blood pressure, heart and vascular disease, stress, hormone problems, pelvic surgery, trauma, venous leak, and the side effects of frequently prescribed medications.

• #18 Genetic Disorders & Infertility in Men | Fertility Center

  https://fertility.womenandinfants.org/services/male-infertility/genetic-disorders-infertility-in-men

  Men with azoospermia or severe oligospermia have a greater risk of a genetic abnormality than men who are infertile for other reasons. […] Kleinfelter syndrome causes about 3% of male infertility cases, and is more common in men with oligospermia or azoospermia. […] A fertility specialist may recommend genetic testing for men with low sperm count, which is an indicator of the CFTR mutation. […] The American Society for Reproductive Medicine estimates that these microdeletions account for 16% of the infertility cases in men with azoospermia or severe oligospermia. […] One study showed that chromosomal translocations cause 2.1% of male infertility cases. […] Genetic counseling is recommended for couples when the man has Y chromosome microdeletions. […] If not surgically corrected, mature sperm may not develop properly, resulting in infertility for some men.

• #19 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  X-chromosome linked mutations such as androgen receptor Xq11.2-12 mutation may result in androgen insensitivity and azoospermia. […] With increasing number of X chromosomes, the sperm count decreases leading to male subfertility. […] It is important to genetically test in men with severe congenital idiopathic structural abnormalities or severe oligospermia.

• #20 Causes of Male Infertility – Low Sperm Count – Varicoceles – Tulsa

  https://www.tulsafertilitycenter.com/infertility-causes/causes-of-male-infertility/

  There are several possible causes of male infertility […] One possible cause of male infertility is infection of the prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra, or epididymis. […] Men who are found to have a low sperm count must often undergo a procedure whereby their sperm sample is separated from the seminal fluid and put into a more concentrated form. […] Sometimes, a man may have low levels of hormone production, which results in an inability to produce sperm. […] Sperm antibodies in the male may result in impaired sperm motility. […] When enlarged veins, known as varicoceles, are present in the scrotum, they may have an adverse effect on sperm production by increasing testicular heat. […] In some men, obstructions of the ejaculatory duct have resulted from scarring or infection. […] Sometimes, a man’s sperm, instead of being propelled forward through the penis, is propelled backward into the bladder during ejaculation.

• #21 Causes of male infertility – a low sperm count can be treated

  https://www.bournhall.co.uk/fertilityblog/causes-of-male-infertility-2/

  There are many reasons why the tubes that transport the sperm can become blocked and these include: sports injuries; infections, such as mumps, chlamydia or gonorrhoea; birth defects or a previous vasectomy or failed vasectomy reversal. […] The link between varicocele and fertility is much debated. Although varicoceles are present in 30 to 40 per cent of men with infertility, many men with the condition are able to conceive without problems.

• #22 Male Factor | RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association

  https://resolve.org/learn/infertility-101/underlying-causes/male-factor/

  There are many factors that can contribute to male infertility. Some of these problems can be structural abnormalities, sperm production disorders, ejaculatory disturbances and congenital disorders. Perhaps it is best to break them out into 2 categories: Productive Factors and Obstructive Factors. In some cases of male infertility, the production of sperm is impacted whereas in obstructive issues cause problems with transporting the sperm to the semen. […] Male infertility can be a result of physical, hormonal, toxic exposures, genetic, a chronic illness or a sexual condition preventing semen from being deposited in the vagina. […] The most commonly identified treatable cause of infertility in men is a varicocele, an abnormally enlarged vein draining the testicles. Approximately one third of infertile men who have never fathered a child have a varicocele, and 50 to 80% of men who were once fertile, but are now infertile, also have a varicocele.

• #23 Low sperm count

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/l/low-sperm-count2/

  A number of risk factors are linked to low sperm count and other problems that can cause low sperm count. […] Having certain medical conditions, including tumors and chronic illnesses. […] Undergoing cancer treatments, such as radiation. […] Taking certain medications. […] Having a prior vasectomy or major abdominal or pelvic surgery. […] Having a history of undescended testicles.

• #24 8 common causes of low sperm count or Oligospermia – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/8-common-causes-of-low-sperm-count-or-oligospermia/articleshow/71257908.cms

  Several studies have shed light on the effect of alcohol intake and low sperm count. […] Stress can cause changes in Sertoli cells and the blood-testis barrier, which ultimately causes spermatogenesis to be suppressed. […] The use of androgenic steroids in men can suppress the secretion of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland and thus, suppress the release of testosterone by the testes. […] If this temperature is not maintained or if the testes don’t descend to the scrotum (a condition known as cryptorchidism), it can affect the production of the sperms and thus, lead to infertility. […] Right from infections to ejaculatory problems, there are several health problems that can interfere with sperm production.

• #25 8 DIFFERENT CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY: Rocky Mountain Fertility Center: Reproductive Endocrinologists

  https://www.rockymountainfertility.com/blog/8-different-causes-of-male-infertility

  It is estimated that 7% of infertile men have impaired sperm ducts due to genetic defects, or scarring from infections or surgery. […] Infections, such as brucellosis, chlamydia, influenza, gonorrhea, mumps, smallpox, syphilis, tuberculosis and typhoid, may lead to the atrophy of the testes. The resulting low sperm counts and poor sperm motility, along with elevated FSH and LH levels are usually treated with hormone replacement therapy. […] Medications, such as testosterone replacement therapy, anabolic steroids, chemotherapy, certain antifungal and ulcer drugs, may reduce sperm production. […] Genetic conditions, such as Klinefelters Syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Kallmanns syndrome and Kartagener syndrome, may lead to male infertility. […] Erectile Dysfunction (ED) affects 20 million US men, and is a result of physical as well as psychological causes.

• #26 Causes of Low Sperm Count – Male Infertility Specialists in Austin

  https://txfertility.com/male-infertility/low-sperm-counts/

  Low sperm counts […] If a semen analysis reveals a low sperm count, we will perform additional testing to ascertain the cause. […] Causes of low sperm count […] Surgeries, Infections, Current and Past Health Issues Mumps, sexually transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia, or urinary tract infections can leave scars that block the delicate tubes that transport sperm from the testes to the penis. […] Genetic or Chronic Disease While most genetic causes of low or the complete absence of sperm production are rare, many chronic conditions and/or medications used to treat them are common causes of male infertility. […] Lifesaving cancer treatment either surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy can destroy sperm cells, and greatly decrease a man’s sperm count. […] Structural Problems with the Penis or Testicles Structural problems with the penis that can cause a man’s sperm count to plummet include Peyronie’s disease (in which plaque and/or scar tissue builds up in the penis), as well as problems with inflammation and scar tissue that can interfere with the normal ejaculatory process.

• #27 What is Causing My Low Sperm Count? – Fertility Answers

  https://www.fertilityanswers.com/what-is-causing-my-low-sperm-count/

  Surgeries, infections, health issues – Infections, such as mumps, chlamydia, or urinary tract infections, can leave scar tissue that can block the tubes transporting sperm. […] Genetic and chronic disease – Genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, though rare, can cause low or the complete absence of sperm. […] Structural problems of the penis or testicles – Structural problems include Peyronie’s disease (in which scar tissue builds up in the penis), as well as problems with inflammation and scar tissue that can interfere with the normal ejaculatory process. […] Vasectomy reversal side-effects – A vasectomy reversal attempts to reconnect the tubes that sperm travel through. Sometimes, though, scar tissue from surgery can lead to low sperm count even after reversal.

• #28 Male Infertility: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-overview

  Varicocele: A varicocele is a dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus of the scrotum. Although varicoceles are present in 15% of the male population, a varicocele is considered the most common correctable cause of infertility (30-35%) and the most common cause of secondary (acquired) infertility (75-85%). […] Varicoceles may lead to impaired testicular spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, potentially due to an increased intratesticular temperature, reflux of toxic metabolites, and/or germ cell hypoxia; this appears to be progressive over time. […] Causes of testicular failure also include the following: Granulomatous disease, Sickle cell disease, Excessive use of alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine, or marijuana. […] Sexually transmitted infections, such as with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, genital mycoplasma, Trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) have been reported to reduce sperm count and motility. […] Post-testicular causes of infertility include problems with sperm transportation through the ductal system, either congenital or acquired.

• #29 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-a-Low-Sperm-Count.aspx

  genetic disorders such as Klinefelters syndrome. […] testicular trauma causing obstruction […] obstruction in the testicular spermatic ducts following damage, disease, inflammation, or congenital causes […] previous testicular surgery. […] transient oligozoospermia which often comes on following a major illness, with the count returning to normal within three to six months […] post-inflammatory testicular dysfunction: chronic infections or inflammation of the testes or genital tract lead to increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species which can damage the sperm cell membrane, resulting in impaired fertilization. […] some drugs such as testosterone, anabolic steroids, chemotherapy, and certain antibiotics or antidepressants can reduce the sperm count when used over a long duration, but this effect is usually reversible within a year once the medication is stopped.

• #30 Low Sperm Count – Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.pristyncare.com/blog/low-sperm-count/

  Infection: Some infections can interfere with sperm production which can cause scarring which blocks the passage of sperm. These include the inflammation of the epididymis (tube that testicle to a vas deferens) or the testicles. Sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, chlamydia, etc also affect sperm production. Some of the infections can result in the permanent damage of the testicular. This permanent damage results in impotence or infertility. […] Hormone imbalances: The pituitary, hypothalamus or testicles produce hormones which are necessary to produce the sperm. Alterations in these hormones may impair the sperm production. In addition to this, hormonal imbalance can also result in erectile dysfunction. […] Heavy metal exposure: Exposure to the lead or other heavy metals can cause infertility or majorly reduce the sperm count.

• #31 Low sperm count

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/l/low-sperm-count2/

  Infection. Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. […] Hormone imbalances. The hypothalamus, pituitary and testicles produce hormones that are necessary to create sperm. Alterations in these hormones, as well as from other systems such as the thyroid and adrenal gland, may impair sperm production. […] Chromosome defects. Inherited disorders such as Klinefelter’s syndrome — in which a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y — cause abnormal development of the male reproductive organs. Other genetic syndromes associated with infertility include cystic fibrosis, Kallmann’s syndrome and Kartagener’s syndrome. […] Environmental causes […] Sperm production or function can be affected by overexposure to certain environmental elements, including:

• #32 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  Long-term exposure to insecticides, pesticides and organic solvents may play a part in low sperm counts. […] Exposure to lead or other heavy metals can cause infertility. […] Overheating the scrotum can affect sperm count and function. […] Anabolic steroids taken to boost muscle strength and growth can cause the body to make less sperm. […] Heavy or ongoing alcohol use can lower testosterone levels and cause the body to make less sperm. […] People who smoke might have a lower sperm count than people who don’t smoke. […] Long-term emotional stress, including stress over fertility issues, may affect semen quality. […] Obesity may directly impact sperm. […] A sperm count can appear lower than it really is due to various testing issues. […] Many risk factors are linked with low sperm count and other issues that can cause low sperm count. […] Some health conditions can be risk factors, such as: Being overweight. […] Some treatments for health conditions also can be risk factors, including: Cancer treatments, such as radiation. […] Some things in a person’s environment also may raise the risk of a low sperm count.

• #33 Low sperm count

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/l/low-sperm-count2/

  Heavy metal exposure. Exposure to lead or other heavy metals also can cause infertility. […] Radiation or X-rays. Exposure to radiation can reduce sperm production. It can take several years for sperm production to return to normal. […] Overheating the testicles. Elevated temperatures impair sperm production and function. […] Other causes of low sperm count include: […] Drug use. Anabolic steroids taken to stimulate muscle strength and growth can cause the testicles to shrink and sperm production to decrease. […] Alcohol use. Drinking alcohol can lower testosterone levels and cause decreased sperm production. […] Emotional stress. Severe or prolonged emotional stress, including stress about fertility, might interfere with hormones needed to produce sperm. […] Weight. Obesity can impair fertility in several ways, including directly impacting sperm and by causing hormone changes that reduce male fertility.

• #34 What Causes Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia) & How is it Treated?

  https://www.asianinfertility.com/blog/low-sperm-count-causes-symptoms-treatments-cost

  The medical reasons behind less sperm count include: Varicocele: A condition of enlargement or swelling testicular veins. It can cause the testicles to become too warm, which can affect sperm production. […] Certain infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mumps, can damage the testicles and reduce sperm production. […] Hormonal imbalances, such as low levels of testosterone, can affect sperm production. […] Environmental causes of low sperm count include the following factors. Its important to note that environmental factors can have a cumulative effect, meaning that exposure to multiple toxins or radiation over time can increase the risk of low sperm count. […] Exposure to certain industrial chemicals, such as pesticides, solvents, and heavy metals, can damage the genetic material in sperm and reduce sperm count.

• #35 What Causes Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia) & How is it Treated?

  https://www.asianinfertility.com/blog/low-sperm-count-causes-symptoms-treatments-cost

  The testicles need to be at a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body to produce healthy sperm. Factors that can cause testicles to overheat include tight underwear, frequent use of saunas or hot tubs, and certain medical conditions such as varicocele. […] Lifestyle many times also can play a role in low sperm count. […] The use of certain recreational drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, and anabolic steroids, can reduce sperm count and affect sperm function. […] Chronic stress can negatively impact hormones that are essential for sperm production and function. […] Obesity can lead to hormonal imbalances that can affect sperm production and function.

• #36 Low Sperm Count – Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.pristyncare.com/blog/low-sperm-count/

  Overheating of the testicles: Elevated temperatures can impair sperm production. Frequent use of the saunas and hot tubs might temporarily impair the sperm count. Sitting for longer periods, wearing tight clothing and working on the laptop while placing it in your lap for long hours can reduce sperm production. […] Drug use: Anabolic steroids which are taken to stimulate the muscle strength and growth can cause the testicles to shrink and the sperm production will decrease. If you use cocaine or marijuana, it might reduce the quality of the sperm. […] Obesity can have adverse effects on fertility in several ways. One of the most common affect includes lowered sperm count. Obesity also causes hormonal changes.

• #37

  https://sparshwomenhospital.com/blog/signs-and-symptoms-of-low-sperm-count/

  Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum can raise the temperature in the testicles, reducing sperm quality, a leading cause of low sperm count. […] Infections: Infections, particularly sexually transmitted ones, can inflame the reproductive tract, reducing sperm count and motility. […] Hormonal Imbalances: Disorders affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormone production, leading to symptoms of low sperm count. […] Toxins and Chemicals: Exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, or industrial chemicals can damage sperm and lead to low sperm count symptoms. […] Radiation exposure, whether from medical treatment or the environment, can damage sperm DNA.

• #38 Low sperm count – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585

  Certain medicines also can affect ejaculation. […] Cancers and tumors that aren’t cancer both can affect the male reproductive organs directly. […] During pregnancy, one or both of an unborn baby’s testicles sometimes don’t drop down into the scrotum. […] Changes in the levels of these hormones may mean that the body is having trouble making sperm. […] Various tubes in the body carry sperm. These tubes can be blocked due to various causes. […] Some genetic changes passed from parent to child cause the male reproductive organs to develop in irregular ways. […] Medicines that can cause the body to make less sperm include some treatments for arthritis, depression, anxiety, low testosterone levels, digestive trouble, infections, high blood pressure and cancer. […] Certain surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your semen.

• #39 Oligospermia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/oligospermia

  Oligospermia is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies sperm counts at or above 15 million sperm per milliliter (mL) of semen as average. Anything below that is considered low and is diagnosed as oligospermia. […] Several conditions and lifestyle factors can increase a man’s risk for oligospermia. […] Enlarged veins in a man’s scrotum can disrupt blood flow to the testicles. This can cause the temperature in the testicles to increase. […] Viruses like sexually transmitted infections can reduce the sperm amount in semen. […] Beta blockers, antibiotics, and blood pressure medications may cause ejaculation problems and reduce sperm count. […] An imbalance in any of these hormones may lower sperm count numbers. […] Pesticides, cleaning agents, and painting materials are a few of the chemicals that can reduce sperm count.

• #40 Understanding the Causes and Effective Treatment of Low Sperm Count | AFGC

  https://www.advancefertility.in/understanding-the-causes-and-effective-treatment-of-low-sperm-count/

  Environmental toxins, including heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, can adversely affect sperm count. Additionally, sperm production is optimal at a slightly lower temperature than the body’s average. Conditions like undescended testicles or varicoceles (which increase testicular temperature) can negatively impact sperm count as well. […] Various medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can reduce sperm count. These include testosterone, methadone, and others. It’s important to consult healthcare providers about potential medication effects on sperm count and not to discontinue prescribed medications without professional guidance.

• #41 Low sperm count (oligospermia): symptoms, causes, treatment

  https://ivi-fertility.com/blog/low-sperm-count-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  The presence of cancer or benign tumors can directly affect the function of the male reproductive organs. […] Hormonal imbalances are also a risk factor. Conditions such as hypogonadism, thyroid disorders, and pituitary gland disorders can affect sperm production. […] There is no specific medical low sperm count treatment designed to bring a low sperm count up to normal, except in the case of some hormonal abnormalities which can respond to medication.

• #42 Low sperm count | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/low-sperm-count

  Some infections can impact sperm health or the body’s ability to make sperm. […] Ejaculation is the release of semen from the penis. It usually happens during orgasm. If semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of leaving through the tip of the penis, that’s called retrograde ejaculation. […] Cancers and tumors that aren’t cancer both can affect the male reproductive organs directly. […] A part of the brain called the hypothalamus and a gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland make hormones that are needed to create sperm. […] Various tubes in the body carry sperm. These tubes can be blocked due to various causes. […] Some genetic changes passed from parent to child cause the male reproductive organs to develop in irregular ways. […] Medicines that can cause the body to make less sperm include some treatments for arthritis, depression, anxiety, low testosterone levels, digestive trouble, infections, high blood pressure and cancer.

• #43 What Can Cause a Low Sperm Count? Key Factors to Consider | NOVA IVF

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/what-can-cause-a-low-sperm-count

  Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells which identify sperms as harmful and attack them. […] Sometimes, at birth, one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. Infertility is common in men with this condition. […] Celiac disease is a digestive disorder in which one is allergic to gluten. This disease is also known to cause infertility in men who have it. […] The use of anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass and strength directly affects sperm production and can cause the testicles to shrink. Abuse of marijuana and cocaine too may lower the count and quality of sperms. […] Smoking tobacco may be a factor of decreased sperm count in men. […] Excessive drinking is known to lower testosterone levels and thereby reducing the number of sperms. […] Stress, depression and weight gain are other lifestyle factors which hinder the process of manufacturing sperms and are causes of low sperm count. […] Sperm production may even be affected by overexposure to hazardous environment elements such as industrial chemicals, metal exposure, radiation or x-rays and elevated temperatures.

• #44 10 Conditions That Contribute To Low Sperm Count – Oasis Fertility

  https://oasisindia.in/blog/10-conditions-that-contribute-to-low-sperm-count/

  There are some conditions where any infection can hamper the passage of sperm. Infections can be inflammation of epididymitis. In some cases, there can be permanent testicle damage. […] Retrograde ejaculation is a condition that occurs when sperm start entering the bladder instead of ejaculating out of the tip of the penis. […] The cancerous growth of cells can lead to some serious reproductive issues. Nonmalignant tumors can be very dangerous for the reproductive health of a male as they can hamper the release of hormones that are responsible for sperm production. […] The hormonal imbalance among males and females is the main reason for infertility. Hormones play an essential part in the creation and ejaculation of sperm. […] Chromosome disorders are connected with the X and Y chromosomes. X and Y chromosomes are responsible for the sex determination of the fetus. Chromosomal disorders can lead to abnormal reproductive organ development.

• #45 8 common causes of low sperm count or Oligospermia – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/8-common-causes-of-low-sperm-count-or-oligospermia/articleshow/71257908.cms

  Low sperm count, also known as oligospermia, is one of the common causes of infertility in men. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), oligospermia is when your sperm count is less than 15 million per milliliter. […] There are numerous causes of low sperm count right from environmental factors such as industrial pollutants and lifestyle factors including smoking and weight to medical causes such as hormonal imbalance and infection. […] Just like women, the risk of low sperm count and infertility increases with age. […] Overweight and obesity have been associated with an increased prevalence of azoospermia or oligozoospermia. […] Cigarette smoke contains more than 7000 chemicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which impair sperm function, decrease sperm count and ultimately lead to male infertility.

• #46 Low Sperm Count: Top 10 Causes & Best Treatment Options

  https://www.hardikivfcenter.com/blogs/lifestyle-factors-contributing-to-low-sperm-count/

  Diet is another one of the key lifestyle choices that can lead to low sperm count. If you consume unhealthy foods, you can easily become over or underweight. As we discussed previously, both of these can result in low sperm production. Furthermore, if you have a poor diet that lacks nutrients such as zinc, selenium, and Vitamin C, it can impair sperm production. If you consume an excess of highly processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats, you may also experience reduced sperm motility and concentration. […] Its not just diet that affects your sperm quantity; you must also exercise regularly. Lack of exercise can easily lead to weight gain and obesity. All these factors have adverse effects on sperm production. Routine exercises maintain the testosterone level and blood circulation, even to the reproductive organs, promote normal sperm production. However, excessive heavy exercises, especially without proper rest, can reduce sperm count; therefore, this should be in balance to achieve optimum fertility.

• #47 Oligospermia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligospermia

  Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. […] There are many causes for oligospermia, including: […] Pre-testicular factors refer to conditions that impede adequate support of the testes and include situations of poor hormonal support and poor general health, including: […] Testicular factors refer to conditions where the testes produce semen of poor quality despite adequate hormonal support and include: […] Post-testicular factors decrease male fertility due to conditions that affect the male genital system after testicular sperm production and include defects of the genital tract as well as problems in ejaculation: […] In about 30% of infertile men, no causative factor is found for their decrease in sperm concentration or quality by common clinical, instrumental, or laboratory means, and the condition is termed „idiopathic” (unexplained).

• #48 Oligospermia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligospermia

  Several factors may be involved in the genesis of this condition, including age, infectious agents (such as Chlamydia trachomatis), Y chromosome microdeletions, mitochondrial changes, environmental pollutants, and „subtle” hormonal changes. […] A significant association was found between sperm DNA damage and factors such as age, obesity, and occupational stress.

• #49 Causes and Risk Factors for Male Infertility: A Scoping Review of Published Studies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9268217/

  Male infertility is associated with genetic risk factors, such as chromosomal abnormalities, microdeletions in the Y chromosome, gene mutation, and polymorphisms in genes affecting spermatogenesis. […] Existing evidence points to cigarette or tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, poor health-seeking behavior among men, untreated or poorly sexually transmitted infections, sexual promiscuity, overweight/obesity, medication, and coital frequency as some of the significant behavioural/lifestyle risk factors for male infertility. […] Review articles on the risk factors of male infertility identified exposure to toxic metals, such as lead, zinc deficiency, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and mycotoxins. […] The results of this review indicate a substantial deficit of information required to confirm specific causes for male infertility. While some associations have been identified, there is a need to establish causation with purposefully designed studies.

• #50 Oligospermia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/oligospermia

  The use of some substances, including marijuana and cocaine, may reduce sperm counts. […] Being overweight or obese increases your risk for low sperm counts in several ways. […] Low sperm counts decrease the chances you can conceive naturally with your partner. However, they don’t rule it out entirely. Many men with oligospermia are able to fertilize their partner’s egg, despite lower sperm numbers.

• #51 Azoospermia (Zero Sperm Count): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15441-azoospermia

  Azoospermia means theres no sperm in your ejaculate. Its causes include a blockage along the reproductive tract, hormonal problems, ejaculation problems or issues with testicular structure or function. […] Causes of azoospermia can be an obstruction or blockage (most common), or something else like genetics or hormone imbalances. […] Problems that can cause blockages include: Trauma or injury to your testicles. Infections (such as epididymitis). Inflammation. Retrograde ejaculation. Previous surgeries in your pelvic area. Cysts or growths. Vasectomy. Cystic fibrosis gene mutation, which causes either your vas deferens not to form or causes a buildup of thick secretions in your vas deferens (which then blocks sperm). […] Nonobstructive causes of azoospermia can include genetics or hormonal disorders. As the name implies, theres no blockage or obstruction causing there to be no sperm.

• #52 Low Sperm Count | Reproductive Science Center

  https://rscbayarea.com/learn/male-infertility/sperm/low-sperm-count.html

  Total motile sperm count (TMC) is calculated by multiplying three factors of a semen analysis; ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and motility. Average TMC is 20-40 million sperm. Men with a TMC of 20 million sperm or less are likely to have significant male factor infertility and if the TMC is 5 million or less, the patient is classified as having severe male factor infertility.

• #53 Oligospermia Los Angeles CA – Hormone therapy San Francisco

  https://www.theturekclinic.com/oligospermia/

  Low sperm count can be a biomarker of current and future health. Dr. Tureks research has shown that low sperm counts mean a man is 2.8 times more likely to develop testicular cancer and 2.6 times more likely to develop prostate cancer later in life. […] Ten to fifteen percent of oligospermia cases are due to genetic causes. In these cases, it is very difficult to increase sperm counts using classical medical and surgical treatments.

• #54 Low Sperm Count Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/low-sperm-count

  Low sperm count can occur due to various reasons, and it can become difficult to identify its exact cause. In some cases, it can be due to multiple factors at once. A confirmed diagnosis should be made based on history, symptoms, sperm analysis, and other diagnostic tests. […] Treatment options can vary depending on your condition. In some cases, it is challenging to treat infertility despite trying out all possible treatment options. If your underlying cause gets identified, it can be easier to treat this condition. In case of a varicocele, surgical methods are utilized to correct the issue. If you have any infection, suitable antibiotics are given. If you have a hormonal problem, your doctor may suggest hormone replacement therapy or other medications to improve your hormone levels. […] Some lifestyle modifications can help in preventing oligospermia to some extent. Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and using illegal or anabolic drugs. Eat healthily and exercise regularly to reduce the risk of obesity. If you have stress, depression, or any other psychological condition, consult a therapist to help with your issues.

• #55 Male Infertility – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562258/

  Up to 6% of men evaluated for male infertility will be found to have more serious underlying pathology, such as cancer. […] A partial summary of specific etiologies is listed below as follows: Acquired urogenital abnormalities – bilateral obstruction or ligation of the vas deferens, bilateral orchiectomy, epididymitis, TURP, varicoceles, and retrograde ejaculation. […] Male infertility can also be classified based on the medical interventions that can potentially assist conception as follows: Treatable causes of male infertility are found in 18% of cases – obstructive azoospermia, ejaculatory duct and prostatic midline cysts, gonadotropin deficiency, sexual function disorders, sperm autoimmunity, varicoceles, and reversible effects of toxins. […] Uncorrectable male infertility or subfertility is found in 70% of cases – oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and normospermia with functional defects. ART will generally be necessary for reproduction. […] Untreatable male sterility is seen in 12% of cases – primary seminiferous tubular failure, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and bilateral orchiectomy.

Zobacz więcej