Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oral cancer treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12525277/

  Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and it continues to represent a serious public health problem. […] Surgical treatment is the mainstay of therapy for patients with oral cancer, particularly in advanced stages of cancer. […] External beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy have been used successfully as the primary modality for treating patients with early stage oral cancer, and they are the standard of care for use as adjuvant therapy in postoperative cases of patients with advanced stage oral cancer. […] There is an emerging trend for the use of chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy and surgery for patients with advanced, recurrent, and metastatic head and neck cancer, although evidence is limited regarding survival benefit when used for treating patients with oral cavity carcinoma. […] Any report on the treatment of oral cancer is incomplete without consideration of functional and aesthetic outcomes, particularly addressing speech, swallowing, masticatory efficiency, and dental rehabilitation.

• #2 Treatment Options For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  There are different treatment options for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. These include: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemotherapy with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), targeted cancer drugs and immunotherapy. […] Your treatment depends on: where your cancer is in your mouth or oropharynx, how far it has grown or spread (the stage), the type of cancer, how abnormal the cells look under a microscope (the grade), your general health and level of fitness, the side effects of the treatment and how these will affect you, your preferences. […] You might have one type of treatment or a combination of treatments. Your doctor and nurse will talk to you about the treatment that is best for you. The main treatments are: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemotherapy with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), targeted cancer drugs and immunotherapy.

• #3 Treatment Options, Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer at Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treatment-options

  The best treatment for cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx depends on several factors, including your age, overall health, and the extent of the disease. […] Common treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, often used in combination. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and stop them from spreading. […] Radiation is commonly used after surgery, but it can be used alone for oropharyngeal cancer or combined with chemotherapy to enhance effectiveness. […] Chemotherapy involves medications that travel through the body to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy might be used with surgery and radiation or on its own when surgery isn’t possible, such as with large tumors. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming healthy cells.

• #4 Oral Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-cancer

  Oral cancer is treated with surgery and possibly radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Oral cancer that is further along when it is diagnosed may need a combination of treatments. […] Another treatment option is targeted therapy, which is a newer type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to precisely identify and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy may also be a potential treatment; it can work with the body’s natural defenses to improve immune function. The choice of treatment depends on your general health, where in your mouth or throat the cancer began, the size and type of the tumor, and whether the cancer has spread. […] Your doctor may refer you to a specialist. Specialists who treat oral cancer include: Head and neck surgeons. Dentists who specialize in surgery of the mouth, face, and jaw (oral and maxillofacial surgeons). Ear, nose, and throat doctors (otolaryngologists). Doctors who specifically treat cancer (medical and radiation oncologists). […] Other health care professionals who may be part of a treatment team include dentists, plastic surgeons, reconstructive surgeons, speech pathologists, oncology nurses, registered dietitians, genetic counselors, and mental health counselors.

• #5 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Lip and oral cavity cancer is a disease that starts in lips or mouth. […] There are different types of treatment for people with lip and oral cavity cancer. […] People with lip and oral cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors who are expert in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy. […] Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation) is a common treatment for all stages of lip and oral cavity cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing by damaging their DNA. […] Immunotherapy helps a person’s immune system fight cancer. […] New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #6 Get Oral Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/oral-cancer-treatment

  Hearing you may have cancer in your mouth can leave you with more questions than answers. […] What can I expect from treatment? Will it be hard to speak or swallow? Will I look or sound different? […] Cleveland Clinics expert healthcare providers are here to answer these questions, confirm a diagnosis and set you on the road to treatment and recovery. […] Your care team works together to find the best ways to remove cancer while preserving nearby delicate tissue. Your treatment plan may also include reconstructive surgery, speech and swallowing therapy, dental work and more possibly including radiotherapy and systemic therapy such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy. […] The three main treatments for oral cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and systemic therapy. […] Treatment often involves surgery to remove the cancer. Oral cancer surgeries include: Primary tumor surgery: Removes only the tumor. Glossectomy: Removes part or all of the tongue. Mandibulectomy: Treats oral cancer in the jawbone. Maxillectomy: Removes all or part of the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate). Sentinel node biopsy: Checks to see if cancer has spread. Neck dissection: Removes lymph nodes from the neck.

• #7 Treatments for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/treatment

  If you have oral cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. […] Oral cancer is usually treated with surgery first. Surgery may be followed with radiation therapy or sometimes radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Reconstruction may be needed to repair structures in the mouth and jaw or to help with speech and swallowing. Reconstruction is planned at the same time as treatment. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. […] Chemotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cavity cancer. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to fight cancer. Immunotherapy is sometimes called biological therapy. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Oral cancer is sometimes treated with targeted therapy.

• #8 Treating Oral (Mouth) and Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer | Mouth & Throat Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal (mouth or throat) cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. […] The main treatment options for people with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are: Surgery for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Radiation Therapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Chemotherapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Targeted Therapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Immunotherapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Palliative Treatment for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer. […] In general, surgery is the first treatment for cancers of the oral cavity and may be followed by radiation or combined chemotherapy and radiation. Oropharyngeal cancers are usually treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.

• #9 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Early cancers (stage I and stage II) of the lip and oral cavity are highly curable by surgery or radiation therapy. […] Advanced cancers (stage III and stage IV) of the lip and oral cavity represent a wide spectrum of challenges for the surgeon and radiation oncologist. Most patients with stage III or stage IV tumors are candidates for treatment by a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. […] The choice of treatment is dictated by the anticipated functional and cosmetic results of treatment and by the availability of a surgeon or radiation oncologist with the required expertise. […] Radiation therapy for lip and oral cavity cancers can be given by external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or interstitial implantation alone, but for many sites the use of both modalities produces better control and functional results.

• #10 Mouth cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351002

  Treatments for mouth cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines that help treat mouth cancer include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You may have just one type of treatment, or you may undergo a combination of cancer treatments. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a mouth cancer treatment plan. These may include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your team also considers your overall health and personal preferences. […] During mouth cancer surgery, the surgeon removes the cancer and some of the healthy cells around it, called a margin. Removing the margin helps ensure that all the cancer cells are removed. The extent of the surgery depends on the size of the cancer. If cancer has spread into bone, the surgeon may remove some bone tissue.

• #11 Get Oral Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/oral-cancer-treatment

  Hearing you may have cancer in your mouth can leave you with more questions than answers. […] What can I expect from treatment? Will it be hard to speak or swallow? Will I look or sound different? […] Cleveland Clinics expert healthcare providers are here to answer these questions, confirm a diagnosis and set you on the road to treatment and recovery. […] Your care team works together to find the best ways to remove cancer while preserving nearby delicate tissue. Your treatment plan may also include reconstructive surgery, speech and swallowing therapy, dental work and more possibly including radiotherapy and systemic therapy such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy. […] The three main treatments for oral cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and systemic therapy. […] Treatment often involves surgery to remove the cancer. Oral cancer surgeries include: Primary tumor surgery: Removes only the tumor. Glossectomy: Removes part or all of the tongue. Mandibulectomy: Treats oral cancer in the jawbone. Maxillectomy: Removes all or part of the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate). Sentinel node biopsy: Checks to see if cancer has spread. Neck dissection: Removes lymph nodes from the neck.

• #12 Oral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11184-oral-cancer

  Oral cancer (mouth cancer) is the broad term for cancer that affects the inside of your mouth. […] The three main treatment options for oral (mouth) cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Healthcare providers may combine surgery with other treatments, including: Radiation therapy uses strong beams of energy to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Your healthcare provider considers several factors before recommending treatment. Those factors include: The kind of oral cancer that you have. […] The most common surgeries for oral cancer are: Primary tumor surgery: Healthcare providers remove tumors through your mouth or an incision in your neck. […] Healthcare providers use anti-cancer drugs that kill cancer cells, including treatments that affect most parts of your body. […] Oral cancer is a serious illness that if caught early on can be treated successfully.

• #13 6 Innovative Oral Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/oral-cancer/oral-cancer-treatment.html

  The mouth is an important part of eating, breathing and talking, and MD Anderson takes special care to customize your oral cancer treatment so that we maximize the chances of cure while minimizing the impact on your body and lifestyle. […] If you are diagnosed with oral cancer, your doctor will discuss the best options to treat it. This depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer and your general health. […] Your oral cancer treatment will be customized to your needs. One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to treat the cancer or help relieve symptoms. […] Surgery is the most frequent first treatment for oral cancer. The type of surgery depends on the type, extent and stage of the cancer. Surgical techniques are designed to remove all of the cancer in the mouth. Lymph nodes that are confirmed or suspected to have cancer cells are also removed.

• #14 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Treatment for oral cavity cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer, but other factors can also be important. […] Most patients with stage I or II oral cavity cancers do well when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy (chemo) given along with radiation (called chemoradiation) is another option. […] Surgery is usually done first and includes taking out some of the neck lymph nodes (lymph node dissection). Surgery is most often followed by radiation alone or chemoradiation. […] People with stage IVB cancers that cannot be removed by surgery or who are too weak for surgery might be treated with radiation alone. Depending on a person’s overall health, chemoradiation or chemotherapy first followed by radiation might be options. Chemotherapy alone may also be recommended.

• #15 Treatments for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/treatment

  If you have oral cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. […] Oral cancer is usually treated with surgery first. Surgery may be followed with radiation therapy or sometimes radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Reconstruction may be needed to repair structures in the mouth and jaw or to help with speech and swallowing. Reconstruction is planned at the same time as treatment. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. […] Chemotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cavity cancer. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to fight cancer. Immunotherapy is sometimes called biological therapy. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Oral cancer is sometimes treated with targeted therapy.

• #16 Mouth Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/mouth-cancer-treatment

  Depending on the cancer type, location and stage, Scripps surgeons may perform several types of surgical treatments for mouth cancer. […] Whenever possible, Scripps surgeons use minimally invasive robotic surgical techniques, which can mean smaller incisions, faster recovery time and less bleeding and scarring. […] Radiation therapy may be the main treatment for small tumors, or part of a mouth cancer treatment plan that also includes surgery and other therapies. […] Chemotherapy may be used in combination with radiation therapy for advanced-stage lip and oral cavity cancers that cannot be treated by surgery. It also may be given before surgery to shrink large tumors, or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. […] Targeted therapy uses specific drugs to target receptors on the surface of cancer cells and slow or stop their growth. The drug certuximab, which is a monoclonal antibody, can be effective in treating oral cancer cells. Certuximab may be combined with radiation or chemotherapy, or used alone.

• #17 Treatment for mouth cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-cancer/treatment/

  The treatment you’ll have for mouth cancer depends on: […] You may be offered a combination of treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted medicines and immunotherapy. […] Surgery is usually needed to remove mouth cancer. […] Sometimes an area around the cancer may also need to be removed to stop the cancer coming back. […] If a large part of your jaw or tongue is removed, you may need surgery to rebuild the area using skin or bone from another part of your body (reconstructive surgery). […] Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Radiotherapy is often used to treat mouth cancer. […] You may also have radiotherapy: after surgery, if you’re unable to have surgery, to ease the symptoms if the cancer has spread. […] Chemotherapy is medicine that kills cancer cells.

• #18 Mouth cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351002

  Surgery carries a risk of bleeding and infection. Surgery for mouth cancer may affect your appearance. It also may affect the ability to speak, eat and swallow. Physical therapy and other rehabilitation services can help you cope with these changes. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. Radiation therapy for mouth cancer is most often delivered by a machine that moves around the body. The machine aims radiation to precise points. This kind of radiation therapy is called external beam radiation. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Chemotherapy is often used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain. Chemotherapy may increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy, so the two treatments are often combined. If the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, chemotherapy can help control it.

• #19 Radiation Therapy for Mouth Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/mouth-cancer-treatment/radiation-therapy-mouth

  Radiation therapy for mouth cancer involves sending high-energy beams of particles (usually photons or protons) through the skin toward the tumor. When the beams reach the tumor, they destroy the cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Radiation therapy is known for its particular effectiveness against head and neck tumors, including cancers of the mouth. […] Radiation therapy can be used in one of several ways for mouth cancers. It may be recommended after surgery to prevent the cancers regrowth. Radiation may also be used as the sole treatment if the tumor cannot be removed surgically or if the tumor regrows after surgery. […] MSKs radiation therapy team has access to every modern form of radiation available. They will customize a treatment plan so precise that it factors in the size and shape of your tumor to the millimeter. Your teams goal is twofold: to eliminate tumor cells and to prevent the side effects of treatment by keeping the healthy cells around the tumor safe.

• #20 6 Innovative Oral Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/oral-cancer/oral-cancer-treatment.html

  Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. There are several different radiation therapy techniques. Doctors can use these to accurately target a tumor while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. […] Different types of radiation therapy are used to treat oral cancer, including the following: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which focuses multiple radiation beams of different intensities directly on the tumor for the highest possible dose. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. Chemotherapy may involve a single drug or a combination of two or more drugs, depending on the type of cancer and how fast it is growing. […] For oral cancer, targeted therapy is used to treat metastatic disease only.

• #21 Radiation Therapy for Mouth Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/mouth-cancer-treatment/radiation-therapy-mouth

  Brachytherapy involves the placement of radioactive material in the body. The material is sealed inside a seed, pellet, wire, or capsule using a needle or catheter. The radiation given off by this source damages the DNA of nearby cancer cells. Brachytherapy is most commonly used for mouth cancer that has come back after prior treatment. […] Proton therapy is delivered by a device called a cyclotron. It sends a high-energy beam of protons through the skin toward the tumor. […] Chemotherapy can increase the sensitivity of your tumor to radiation treatment. The combination of radiation plus chemotherapy is called chemoradiation. […] For mouth cancer, our researchers are studying immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and other approaches to boost the effectiveness of your radiation therapy.

• #22 Radiation Therapy for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-oral-cancer

  Radiation therapy for oral cancer uses external energy beams or radioactive materials placed in the body to destroy oral cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy is most often used after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the oral cavity. If doctors think radiation therapy can destroy an oral cancer tumor and enable them to preserve chewing, swallowing, and speaking function, they may recommend this treatment instead of surgery. […] Radiation therapy may also be combined with chemotherapy or targeted drugs. This approach is called chemoradiation and is typically recommended when there is a high risk of cancer cells remaining after surgery. […] Doctors at NYU Langone may use intensity modulated radiation therapy after surgery for oral cancer to destroy any remaining cancer cells. It is also sometimes used to manage oral cancer in people who cannot tolerate surgery.

• #23 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  The NCI considers routine, effective oral hygiene important before and throughout cancer treatment to help reduce the incidence and severity of adverse oral effects of cancer therapy. […] Oral toxicities may be direct, e.g., treatments such as surgical procedures or radiation therapy causing damage directly to bony structures, tissues or salivary glands; or the effects may be caused indirectly, e.g., bleeding or infections caused by effects of therapies on rapidly dividing bone marrow cells or loss of protective salivary factors. […] Generally, cancer chemotherapy causes acute toxicity that typically resolves following discontinuation of therapy and recovery of damaged tissues, while radiation therapy can cause not only acute oral toxicities, but can induce permanent tissue damage, resulting in lifelong risk for the patient.

• #24 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  High-dose bisphosphonates used to treat bone metastases or hypercalcemia of malignancy and antiangiogenic therapies used in cancers such as multiple myeloma may be associated with a specific oral adverse effect known as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). […] Radiation, especially for head and neck cancer, can induce oral damage resulting in permanent dysfunction of vasculature, connective tissue, salivary glands, muscle, and bone. […] Adverse effects of radiotherapy such as xerostomia, mucositis, trismus, bone exposure, dysphasia/dysgeusia, soft tissue fibrosis, and, rarely, later-stage osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the bone may develop. […] Surgical procedures such as removal of removal of the tumor and possible neck node dissection in the head and neck area may result in injury to and/or removal of muscle, bone, or glandular tissue that supports oral function such as chewing, swallowing, or salivary production.

• #25 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  Given how common cancer is and the fact that cancer survival is increasing overall, it is likely that a dental health care provider will encounter people either with a history of cancer/cancer treatment or who are currently embarking on or undergoing treatment for cancer. […] Oral complications of cancer therapy can be acute (i.e., developing during treatment) or delayed onset (i.e., developing months to years after treatment); local or systemic; or functional. […] The most common oral complications related to cancer therapies are mucositis, opportunistic infection (viral or fungal), salivary gland dysfunction, taste disturbance, and pain. […] The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommends that dental professionals be considered part of the cancer care team in individuals undergoing cancer treatment and that people see their dentist 4 weeks prior to initiating cancer treatment (if possible) to allow for healing if any dental work is required.

• #26 Treatment for mouth cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-cancer/treatment/

  It is sometimes given with radiotherapy for mouth cancer. […] You may have chemotherapy for mouth cancer: before or after surgery, if your mouth cancer has come back, if cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Targeted medicines kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is where medicines are used to help your immune system kill cancer cells. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, and help you live longer. […] The palliative care team can also help you and your loved ones get any other support you need.

• #27 Mouth Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/mouth-cancer-treatment

  Depending on the cancer type, location and stage, Scripps surgeons may perform several types of surgical treatments for mouth cancer. […] Whenever possible, Scripps surgeons use minimally invasive robotic surgical techniques, which can mean smaller incisions, faster recovery time and less bleeding and scarring. […] Radiation therapy may be the main treatment for small tumors, or part of a mouth cancer treatment plan that also includes surgery and other therapies. […] Chemotherapy may be used in combination with radiation therapy for advanced-stage lip and oral cavity cancers that cannot be treated by surgery. It also may be given before surgery to shrink large tumors, or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. […] Targeted therapy uses specific drugs to target receptors on the surface of cancer cells and slow or stop their growth. The drug certuximab, which is a monoclonal antibody, can be effective in treating oral cancer cells. Certuximab may be combined with radiation or chemotherapy, or used alone.

• #28 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  NYU Langone doctors may use medication to treat people with oral cancer. This type of treatment includes chemotherapy, in which a group of drugs are used to destroy cancer cells throughout the body, and targeted drugs, which hone in on cancer cells. These treatments may be used alone or in combination with each other. […] When these treatments are used at the same time as radiation therapy, this approach is called chemoradiation. The use of medications can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy, helping to shrink tumors. […] Chemoradiation is sometimes given to people in whom cancer cells may still remain after oral cancer has been surgically removed. Chemoradiation may also be used in people who have oral cancer that has spread to nearby lymph nodes in the neck. […] If a person cannot have surgery because of poor health, chemoradiation may be used to help alleviate discomfort or pain caused by the cancer.

• #29 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Chemotherapy drugs are usually given through a vein with intravenous (IV) infusion on a treatment schedule called a cycle. NYU Langone medical and radiation oncologists work together to determine the right chemoradiation schedule for you. For example, doctors may give a chemotherapy drug at the beginning, middle, and end of a six- or seven-week radiation treatment period, for a total of three cycles. […] Another option is to give a chemotherapy drug once a week during radiation therapy, with each week being a cycle. […] If oral cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or bones, doctors may prescribe chemotherapy alone. […] In a typical cycle, chemotherapy drugs are given on one day or for a few days, followed by one to three weeks of rest. Your medical oncologist determines the number of cycles thats best for you.

• #30 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Typically, medications given to manage oral cancer include cisplatin and carboplatin. […] If oral cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, doctors may combine chemotherapy with a targeted drug, which is designed to recognize and destroy cancer cells while largely sparing healthy tissue. […] Doctors may also prescribe a targeted drug alone for people who cannot tolerate the side effects associated with chemotherapy. Targeted drugs sometimes have different or less severe side effects than chemotherapy. […] Cetuximab is a commonly prescribed targeted drug used to treat oral cancer. It targets a protein called epidermal growth factor receptor, which may be present in oral cancer tumors. This protein signals cancer cells to grow and divide. Cetuximab interferes with the proteins function, causing tumors to shrink. This medication is given through a vein with intravenous (IV) infusion about once a week for a period of time determined by your doctor.

• #31 Oral Cancer Medicine | Essentia Health

  https://www.essentiahealth.org/services/cancer-care-services/chemotherapy-immunotherapy/oral-cancer-medicine

  As part of your cancer treatment, you may be given cancer medicine that is taken by mouth. […] One type of oral cancer medicine is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is strong medicine used to treat cancer. […] Other oral cancer medicines are: Biologic response modifiers, Hormone therapy, Monoclonal antibodies. […] These medicines work in different ways to treat cancer. […] Cancer medicine is used to: Cure a certain cancer, Control tumor growth when a cure is not possible, Shrink tumors before surgery or radiation therapy, Relieve symptoms such as pain, Destroy microscopic cancer cells after surgery (called adjuvant therapy). […] We give adjuvant therapy to keep the cancer from coming back. […] You’ll take your cancer medicine by mouth, as a pill or capsule. […] Do not crush, chew or dissolve your pills.

• #32 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #33 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  The most common oral complications related to cancer therapies are mucositis, opportunistic infection (viral or fungal), salivary gland dysfunction, taste disturbance, and pain. […] These complications, in turn, may lead to secondary complications such as dehydration, dysgeusia (change in taste), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and nutritional compromise. […] Chemotherapy may be used alone (either as single-agent therapy or in combination regimens), or as an adjunct to radiation and/or surgery. […] Toxic effects of chemotherapy in the oral cavity may include ulcerative mucositis/stomatitis, xerostomia, salivary gland dysfunction, oral infections, and oral sores. […] Certain types of chemotherapy (e.g., vinca alkaloids) can cause dental neurotoxicity, which typically manifests as a persistent deep aching or burning pain in a tooth for which no dental or mucosal source can be found.

• #34 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047890-overview

  Surgery is the preferred approach except for some patients who may have early-stage lip, retromolar trigone, and soft palate cancers. […] Radiation therapy is preferred for patients who may not be able to tolerate surgery. […] The radiation dose depends on tumor size; however, for early-stage disease, doses of 66-72 Gy may be used with adequate results. […] Surgery should be considered for locally advanced disease; however, definitive radiation therapy, concurrent chemoradiation alone or after surgery, and induction therapy followed by concurrent chemoradation are alternative options for patients who are not candidates for surgery alone. […] Concurrent chemoradiation therapy is the current standard of care for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

• #35 Mouth cancer: Nonsurgical treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mouth-cancer-treatment-without-surgery

  This involves giving chemotherapy and radiation therapy at the same time. […] Some people cannot undergo surgery for mouth cancer. This may be because the tumor is too large or advanced. In those cases, they can receive radiation therapy or targeted therapy. […] However, most individuals need surgery to remove cancerous tissue from the mouth and neck area. […] Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are also available to support mouth cancer treatment. A healthcare professional can recommend the most effective way to treat the cancer depending on the location, size, and spread.

• #36 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047890-overview

  Chemotherapy is given for the duration of radiation therapy unless otherwise stated; definitive radiation doses used are 66-72 Gy (2.0 Gy/fraction; daily Monday-Friday in 7wk). […] The decision to treat the patient with concurrent chemoradiation therapy rather than surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy individually should be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board (including a medical oncologist, a radiation therapist, and an ENT surgeon). […] Induction chemotherapy is typically given to patients with stage III-IVB disease in order to shrink a primary tumor to reduce its bulkiness in preparation for subsequent surgery or radiation therapy. […] The decision to treat with induction chemotherapy rather than concurrent chemoradiation or surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy alone should be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board (including a medical oncologist, a radiation therapist, and an ENT surgeon).

• #37 Head & Neck/Oral Cancers Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York

  https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/head-and-neck-oral-cancers/treatments

  We use a type of radiation therapy called intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head, neck, and oral cancers. This advanced technology lets us accurately direct the radiation beams at your tumor, sparing nearby healthy tissue. […] Chemotherapy medications are given to stop cancer growth and spread. For cancer that is not metastatic, or has not spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy can help prevent cancer from recurring by causing rapidly dividing cancer cells to become damaged and die. […] You might have chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, called chemoradiation. […] Some head, neck, and oral cancers have specific genes, proteins, or tissue environments that we can target with drugs. These targeted therapies can stop cancer from growing with a different, usually more limited, side effect profile than chemotherapy. […] Immunotherapy uses the power of your own immune system to fight cancer. Several immunotherapy drugs are approved for treating head, neck, and oral cancers.

• #38 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #39 Mouth cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351002

  Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines to attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted therapy can cause cancer cells to die. […] For mouth cancer, immunotherapy might be used when mouth cancer comes back or spreads to other parts of the body.

• #40 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  Targeted cancer drugs work by targeting the differences in cancer cells that help them to grow and survive. Other drugs help the immune system to attack cancer. They are called immunotherapies. […] Whether you have targeted therapy and immunotherapy will depend on: the type of mouth or oropharyngeal cancer you have, how far the cancer has grown (the stage), treatment you may have already had, whether your cancer show (express) certain proteins. […] You might have a targeted drug for squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer that is locally advanced if you can’t have chemotherapy. […] You might also have it for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back (recurrent or relapsed cancer) or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic cancer). […] You might have immunotherapy for squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer that has come back (recurrent or relapsed cancer) or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic cancer).

• #41 Oral Cancer Treatment Options – Florida Cancer Affiliates

  https://floridacancer.com/cancers-blood-diseases-info/types-of-cancer/oral-cancer/treatment-options16/

  It also may be used after surgery to destroy cancer cells that may remain in the area. […] Doctors use two types of radiation therapy to treat oral cancer. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often given at the same time. […] Some people with oral cancer receive a type of drug known as targeted therapy. […] It may be given along with radiation therapy or chemotherapy. […] Cetuximab (Erbitux) was the first targeted therapy approved for oral cancer. […] Cetuximab binds to oral cancer cells and interferes with cancer cell growth and the spread of cancer.

• #42 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  The results of the tests show whether immunotherapy is suitable for you. […] Cetuximab is a targeted cancer drug used for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. It is a type of targeted drug called a monoclonal antibody. It targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and blocks it. […] By blocking this protein, cetuximab stops the cancer cells from growing. […] You might have cetuximab with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer or with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). […] Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 inhibitors. […] Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors allows the T cells to recognise and kill cancer cells.

• #43 logo–sylvester

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/head-and-neck-cancers/lip-and-oral-cavity-(mouth)-cancer-

  Radiation is a primary treatment for small head and neck cancers of the oral cavity. Cancer cells remaining are removed by a surgeon. […] Sylvester has one of the largest, most experienced and most sophisticated head/neck cancer radiation teams in the nation. Radiation therapy uses highly targeted radiation beams to kill cancer cells and to shrink tumors. This is sometimes the only type of treatment needed. More often it is used together with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] The high level of experience of Sylvester’s medical oncology team allows our physicians to choose and deliver the most advanced chemotherapy approaches. You might receive chemotherapy drugs before or after surgery. They can also be used with radiation therapy to help some patients avoid surgery. […] This treatment uses medicines that target specific parts of cancer cells. For example, a protein called EGFR may accelerate the growth of head and neck cancer cells. The most commonly used medicine that targets these cells is called cetuximab. It blocks EGFR, so the cancer cell growth often slows or stops.

• #44 Oral Cancer Treatment Options & Advanced Therapies

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/treatments

  Oral cancer that is detected at an early stage, before the cancer cells have spread to other areas of the body, is generally treated with surgery. Surgery also may be used to treat patients with advanced-stage oral cancer and recurrent cancers, often in combination with radiation therapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] One potential target in oral cancer is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Studies have shown that many oral tumor cells contain too many copies of EGFR. This excess hormone allows the cancer cells to grow faster and to become resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Treating oral cancer with a drug that targets EGFR may help kill cancer cells without harming normal tissues. […] Your oncologist may recommend an EGFR-targeted drug in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat oral cancer. If the cancer has stopped responding to radiation and chemotherapy, targeted therapy may be used on its own to help control the disease.

• #45 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #46 Treatments for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/treatment

  If you have oral cancer, your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. It will be based on your health and specific information about the cancer. […] Oral cancer is usually treated with surgery first. Surgery may be followed with radiation therapy or sometimes radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Reconstruction may be needed to repair structures in the mouth and jaw or to help with speech and swallowing. Reconstruction is planned at the same time as treatment. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. […] Chemotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cavity cancer. […] Immunotherapy is sometimes used to treat oral cancer. Immunotherapy helps to strengthen or restore the immune systems ability to fight cancer. Immunotherapy is sometimes called biological therapy. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Oral cancer is sometimes treated with targeted therapy.

• #47 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Lip and oral cavity cancer is a disease that starts in lips or mouth. […] There are different types of treatment for people with lip and oral cavity cancer. […] People with lip and oral cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors who are expert in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy. […] Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation) is a common treatment for all stages of lip and oral cavity cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing by damaging their DNA. […] Immunotherapy helps a person’s immune system fight cancer. […] New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #48 Immunotherapy for Oral Cancer: Benefits, Side Effects, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/immunotherapy-for-oral-cancer

  Immunotherapy involves taking medications that stimulate your immune system to destroy cancer cells. It can sometimes treat oral cancer that cant be removed surgically or has returned. […] Immunotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, is a potential treatment for cancers that have spread too far for surgery and radiation therapy to be effective or cancers that have returned after treatment. Your doctor may also recommend immunotherapy if chemotherapy drugs stop working. […] Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are the most studied immunotherapy drugs for oral cancer. They fall into a class of immunotherapy drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors. […] Many other immunotherapy drugs are under investigation for treating oral cancer. […] The researchers concluded that pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy is an appropriate first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Pembrolizumab by itself was effective for treating PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. […] Doctors use immunotherapy to treat oral cancers that they cant surgically remove or that have spread to other locations or returned after treatment. Researchers are still investigating how best to use immunotherapy to treat oral cancer.

• #49 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  The results of the tests show whether immunotherapy is suitable for you. […] Cetuximab is a targeted cancer drug used for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. It is a type of targeted drug called a monoclonal antibody. It targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and blocks it. […] By blocking this protein, cetuximab stops the cancer cells from growing. […] You might have cetuximab with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer or with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). […] Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 inhibitors. […] Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors allows the T cells to recognise and kill cancer cells.

• #50 Oral Cancer Treatment Options & Advanced Therapies

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/treatments

  Immunotherapy drugs harness the power of your immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. They target specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, killing them or preventing them from growing. Some immunotherapy drugs are being studied to see whether they have a role in the treatment of oral cancer, including the checkpoint inhibitors Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab). These drugs may also be used when chemotherapy stops working in patients whose oral cancer has returned or spread to other parts of the body.

• #51 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  The results of the tests show whether immunotherapy is suitable for you. […] Cetuximab is a targeted cancer drug used for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. It is a type of targeted drug called a monoclonal antibody. It targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and blocks it. […] By blocking this protein, cetuximab stops the cancer cells from growing. […] You might have cetuximab with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer or with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). […] Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 inhibitors. […] Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors allows the T cells to recognise and kill cancer cells.

• #52 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  You might have pembrolizumab if you have squamous cell cancer that has been tested for a type of protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and you haven’t had any treatment for an advanced cancer or your cancer has come back and you can’t have surgery to remove the cancer. […] You can have immunotherapy for up to 2 years. […] Not all targeted and immunotherapy drugs are available throughout the UK. It might depend on where you live whether you can have a certain drug. […] You have treatment through a thin short tube (a cannula) that goes into a vein in your arm each time you have treatment. […] A side effect may get better or worse during your course of treatment. Or more side effects may develop as the treatment goes on. […] Your treatment depends on where in your mouth or oropharynx your cancer is, the type, how big it is, whether it has spread anywhere else in your body and your general health.

• #53 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Surgical treatment of cancer of the hard palate usually requires excision of underlying bone producing an opening into the antrum. […] Patients who smoke while receiving radiation therapy appear to have lower response rates and shorter survival durations than those who do not; therefore, patients should be counseled to stop smoking before beginning radiation therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer include: Surgery is the preferred treatment if radiation therapy was used initially. […] Immunotherapy. […] Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. […] Nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 antiPD-1 monoclonal antibody.

• #54 6 Innovative Oral Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/oral-cancer/oral-cancer-treatment.html

  For oral cancer, immunotherapy is used to treat recurrent or metastatic disease only. […] MD Anderson has clinical trials for all stages of oral cancer. Your doctor may offer you a clinical trial as a treatment option. […] Treatments for oral cancer can worsen existing problems in the gums and teeth and make care after treatments much more complicated. MD Andersons oral cancer team includes dentists who specialize in caring for cancer patients. Prior to treatment, they evaluate patients and perform any procedures needed to ensure long-term health and function of the teeth and gums. If part of the jaw is removed during treatment, these dentists make custom prosthetics for the patient to help restore appearance and function.

• #55 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  The results of the tests show whether immunotherapy is suitable for you. […] Cetuximab is a targeted cancer drug used for mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. It is a type of targeted drug called a monoclonal antibody. It targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and blocks it. […] By blocking this protein, cetuximab stops the cancer cells from growing. […] You might have cetuximab with radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell mouth and oropharyngeal cancer or with platinum chemotherapy for squamous cell mouth cancer that has come back or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). […] Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 inhibitors. […] Blocking the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 with drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors allows the T cells to recognise and kill cancer cells.

• #56 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Treatment for oral cavity cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer, but other factors can also be important. […] Most patients with stage I or II oral cavity cancers do well when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy (chemo) given along with radiation (called chemoradiation) is another option. […] Surgery is usually done first and includes taking out some of the neck lymph nodes (lymph node dissection). Surgery is most often followed by radiation alone or chemoradiation. […] People with stage IVB cancers that cannot be removed by surgery or who are too weak for surgery might be treated with radiation alone. Depending on a person’s overall health, chemoradiation or chemotherapy first followed by radiation might be options. Chemotherapy alone may also be recommended.

• #57 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of stage I lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stage II lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stage III lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stages IVA and IVB lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of metastatic (IVC) and recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer may include: surgery, if radiation therapy was used before; surgery and/or radiation therapy, if surgery was used before; immunotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab).

• #58 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Early cancers (stage I and stage II) of the lip and oral cavity are highly curable by surgery or radiation therapy. […] Advanced cancers (stage III and stage IV) of the lip and oral cavity represent a wide spectrum of challenges for the surgeon and radiation oncologist. Most patients with stage III or stage IV tumors are candidates for treatment by a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. […] The choice of treatment is dictated by the anticipated functional and cosmetic results of treatment and by the availability of a surgeon or radiation oncologist with the required expertise. […] Radiation therapy for lip and oral cavity cancers can be given by external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or interstitial implantation alone, but for many sites the use of both modalities produces better control and functional results.

• #59 Treatments for early-stage oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/treatment/early-stage

  The following are treatment options for early-stage (stage 1 or stage 2) oral cancer. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Early-stage oral cancers are usually treated with surgery as the main therapy. In certain situations, surgery may be followed with radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy. […] Surgery to remove the tumour is the most common treatment used for early-stage oral cancers. […] Radiation therapy may be used after surgery. Radiation therapy may be given as external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy or both. Sometimes chemotherapy is given along with radiation therapy (called chemoradiation). […] Radiation therapy may also be used to treat the lymph nodes in the neck for tumours that involve the oral tongue or floor of the mouth and are 4 mm or thicker.

• #60 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Treatment for oral cavity cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer, but other factors can also be important. […] Most patients with stage I or II oral cavity cancers do well when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy (chemo) given along with radiation (called chemoradiation) is another option. […] Surgery is usually done first and includes taking out some of the neck lymph nodes (lymph node dissection). Surgery is most often followed by radiation alone or chemoradiation. […] People with stage IVB cancers that cannot be removed by surgery or who are too weak for surgery might be treated with radiation alone. Depending on a person’s overall health, chemoradiation or chemotherapy first followed by radiation might be options. Chemotherapy alone may also be recommended.

• #61 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Early cancers (stage I and stage II) of the lip, floor of the mouth, and retromolar trigone are highly curable by surgery or radiation therapy. […] Advanced cancers (stage III and stage IV) of the lip, floor of the mouth, and retromolar trigone represent a wide spectrum of challenges for the surgeon and radiation oncologists. […] The exceptions are patients with small T3 lesions and no regional lymph nodes, and no distant metastases or patients who have no lymph nodes larger than 2 cm in diameter, for whom treatment by radiation therapy alone or surgery alone might be appropriate. […] Early lesions (T1 and T2) of the anterior tongue may be managed by surgery or by radiation therapy alone. […] Both modalities produce 70% to 85% cure rates in patients with early lesions. […] Most primary cancers of the hard palate are of minor salivary gland origin.

• #62 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  Oral cancer is curable if detected at an early stage. […] What your treatment plan looks like will depend on your cancer’s location and stage, as well as your health and personal preferences. You may have just one type of treatment or you may need a combination of cancer treatments. Surgery is the main treatment for oral cancer. Surgery generally means removing the tumor and possibly lymph nodes in the neck. If the tumor is large, reconstruction may be required. If the tumor is small and there’s no evidence of spread to lymph nodes, surgery alone may be enough treatment. If the oral cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck or is large and invading different areas of the mouth, more treatment is required after surgery. This could include radiation, which uses high-power beams of energy to target and destroy the mutated cancerous cells. Sometimes chemotherapy is combined with the radiation. Chemotherapy is a powerful cocktail of chemicals that kills the cancer. Immunotherapy, a newer treatment which helps your immune system attack the cancer, is also sometimes used.

• #63 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Early cancers (stage I and stage II) of the lip and oral cavity are highly curable by surgery or radiation therapy. […] Advanced cancers (stage III and stage IV) of the lip and oral cavity represent a wide spectrum of challenges for the surgeon and radiation oncologist. Most patients with stage III or stage IV tumors are candidates for treatment by a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. […] The choice of treatment is dictated by the anticipated functional and cosmetic results of treatment and by the availability of a surgeon or radiation oncologist with the required expertise. […] Radiation therapy for lip and oral cavity cancers can be given by external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or interstitial implantation alone, but for many sites the use of both modalities produces better control and functional results.

• #64 Head & Neck/Oral Cancers Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York

  https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/head-and-neck-oral-cancers/treatments

  You may have surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy to treat head, neck, and oral cancer. Your treatment will be tailored to you based on the type of cancer you have, its size, location, whether it has spread, and your overall health. […] If you have early-stage cancer with a tumor that is smaller than 2 cm and hasnt spread to nearby tissue or lymph nodes (stage I and II), youll probably have surgery or radiation therapy alone. […] If you have advanced-stage cancer (stage III, IVA and IVB), your care will be more complex. These stages include larger tumors and cancer cells that have spread to nearby tissue and lymph nodes. Our goal is to preserve your organ while destroying the cancer and managing symptoms. You will likely have a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. […] If you have late-stage cancer that has spread to distant organs like your lungs (stage IVC), you might also receive experimental therapies to control the disease and prolong your life.

• #65 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Treatment for oral cavity cancer is based largely on the stage (extent) of the cancer, but other factors can also be important. […] Most patients with stage I or II oral cavity cancers do well when treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy (chemo) given along with radiation (called chemoradiation) is another option. […] Surgery is usually done first and includes taking out some of the neck lymph nodes (lymph node dissection). Surgery is most often followed by radiation alone or chemoradiation. […] People with stage IVB cancers that cannot be removed by surgery or who are too weak for surgery might be treated with radiation alone. Depending on a person’s overall health, chemoradiation or chemotherapy first followed by radiation might be options. Chemotherapy alone may also be recommended.

• #66 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047890-overview

  Surgery is the preferred approach except for some patients who may have early-stage lip, retromolar trigone, and soft palate cancers. […] Radiation therapy is preferred for patients who may not be able to tolerate surgery. […] The radiation dose depends on tumor size; however, for early-stage disease, doses of 66-72 Gy may be used with adequate results. […] Surgery should be considered for locally advanced disease; however, definitive radiation therapy, concurrent chemoradiation alone or after surgery, and induction therapy followed by concurrent chemoradation are alternative options for patients who are not candidates for surgery alone. […] Concurrent chemoradiation therapy is the current standard of care for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

• #67 Treatment for mouth cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-cancer/treatment/

  It is sometimes given with radiotherapy for mouth cancer. […] You may have chemotherapy for mouth cancer: before or after surgery, if your mouth cancer has come back, if cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Targeted medicines kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is where medicines are used to help your immune system kill cancer cells. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, and help you live longer. […] The palliative care team can also help you and your loved ones get any other support you need.

• #68 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047890-overview

  Treatment recommendations include the use of single-agent or combination chemotherapy. […] Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are preferred if these agents can be tolerated by the patient; if they cannot be tolerated, single agents have been used in this setting. […] Second-line chemotherapy is given after disease progression or recurrence following completion of first-line therapy. […] Third-line therapies are given after disease progression or recurrence following completion of first-line and second-line therapies. […] Patients should be treated with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens if they have not previously received a platinum-based drug.

• #69 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of stage I lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stage II lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stage III lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of stages IVA and IVB lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity. […] Treatment of metastatic (IVC) and recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer may include: surgery, if radiation therapy was used before; surgery and/or radiation therapy, if surgery was used before; immunotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab).

• #70 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  When cancer comes back after treatment, it’s called recurrent cancer. […] If the cancer comes back in the same area and radiation therapy was used as the first treatment, surgery is often the next treatment, if the cancer can be removed completely and the patient is healthy enough for surgery. […] If the cancer comes back in the lymph nodes in the neck, the nodes are often removed with surgery (lymph node dissection). This may be followed by radiation or chemoradiation. […] If further treatment is recommended, it’s important to talk to your doctor so that you understand what the goal of treatment is whether it’s to try to cure the cancer or to keep it under control for as long as possible and to relieve symptoms.

• #71 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Surgical treatment of cancer of the hard palate usually requires excision of underlying bone producing an opening into the antrum. […] Patients who smoke while receiving radiation therapy appear to have lower response rates and shorter survival durations than those who do not; therefore, patients should be counseled to stop smoking before beginning radiation therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer include: Surgery is the preferred treatment if radiation therapy was used initially. […] Immunotherapy. […] Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. […] Nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 antiPD-1 monoclonal antibody.

• #72 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  When cancer comes back after treatment, it’s called recurrent cancer. […] If the cancer comes back in the same area and radiation therapy was used as the first treatment, surgery is often the next treatment, if the cancer can be removed completely and the patient is healthy enough for surgery. […] If the cancer comes back in the lymph nodes in the neck, the nodes are often removed with surgery (lymph node dissection). This may be followed by radiation or chemoradiation. […] If further treatment is recommended, it’s important to talk to your doctor so that you understand what the goal of treatment is whether it’s to try to cure the cancer or to keep it under control for as long as possible and to relieve symptoms.

• #73 Oral Cancer Treatment Options & Advanced Therapies

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/treatments

  Immunotherapy drugs harness the power of your immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. They target specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, killing them or preventing them from growing. Some immunotherapy drugs are being studied to see whether they have a role in the treatment of oral cancer, including the checkpoint inhibitors Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab). These drugs may also be used when chemotherapy stops working in patients whose oral cancer has returned or spread to other parts of the body.

• #74 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer Treatment Options, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  When cancer comes back after treatment, it’s called recurrent cancer. […] If the cancer comes back in the same area and radiation therapy was used as the first treatment, surgery is often the next treatment, if the cancer can be removed completely and the patient is healthy enough for surgery. […] If the cancer comes back in the lymph nodes in the neck, the nodes are often removed with surgery (lymph node dissection). This may be followed by radiation or chemoradiation. […] If further treatment is recommended, it’s important to talk to your doctor so that you understand what the goal of treatment is whether it’s to try to cure the cancer or to keep it under control for as long as possible and to relieve symptoms.

• #75 Treating Oral (Mouth) and Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer | Mouth & Throat Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options, including treatment goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] For some people, when treatments have been tried and are no longer controlling the cancer, it could be time to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing to try new treatments. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

• #76 Oral Cancer | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/oral-cancer.html

  From accurate staging to the newest treatments, as a patient at Fred Hutch Cancer Center, you will receive state-of-the-art treatments from some of the worlds leading physicians. […] The primary method of treatment is surgery (removing the cancer cells). Radiation (using high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells) and chemotherapy (using high-dose anti-cancer medication) are also used. […] At Fred Hutch, you receive care from a team of providers with extensive experience in your disease. […] Fred Hutch was formed, in part, to bring promising new treatments to patients faster. For the cancer patient, this means more treatment options at Fred Hutch than might be found elsewhere, including participation in one of the many clinical research studies conducted at Fred Hutch and UW Medicine. […] Many patients at Fred Hutch receive promising therapies by taking part in clinical trials. These research studies are done by physician-scientists from Fred Hutch and UW Medicine. They test new treatments or new ways to use current treatments.

• #77 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #78 Radiation Therapy for Mouth Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/mouth-cancer-treatment/radiation-therapy-mouth

  Brachytherapy involves the placement of radioactive material in the body. The material is sealed inside a seed, pellet, wire, or capsule using a needle or catheter. The radiation given off by this source damages the DNA of nearby cancer cells. Brachytherapy is most commonly used for mouth cancer that has come back after prior treatment. […] Proton therapy is delivered by a device called a cyclotron. It sends a high-energy beam of protons through the skin toward the tumor. […] Chemotherapy can increase the sensitivity of your tumor to radiation treatment. The combination of radiation plus chemotherapy is called chemoradiation. […] For mouth cancer, our researchers are studying immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and other approaches to boost the effectiveness of your radiation therapy.

• #79 Oral Cancer Care – Treatments and Symptoms | Conditions, Treatments & Specialty | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/conditions-treatments-specialty/oral-cancer

  Radiation oncology uses radiation to control or destroy harmful cancer cells, with tools to treat each unique cancer. […] This treatment involves the use of medicines that help a person’s own immune system find and destroy cancer cells. It can be used to treat some people with oral cancer. […] Using medications that attack specific weaknesses in cancer cells, targeted therapy is a newer treatment that targets only certain parts of those cells, to slow or stop growth. […] Our extensive history with oral cancer research and clinical trials gives you access to new treatments, often before they become widely available. Participating in a trial may help improve your condition, even if standard approaches haven’t worked in the past. […] During your recovery period, we offer a variety of services to help you regain your sense of self. Speech and swallow therapy, nutritional/diet support, physical therapy and occupational therapy can help you get back into the swing of things physically. We also offer mental health services and social services to help bring you back mentally and emotionally.

• #80 Oral Cancer | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/oral-cancer.html

  Every advance in cancer treatment in recent years has come out of clinical trials. We offer more active clinical trials than anywhere else, which means more treatment options for patients like you. […] For some people, taking part in a clinical study may be the best treatment choice. Access to clinical studies by researchers at Fred Hutch and UW Medicine is one reason many patients come to us for care.

• #81 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  Given how common cancer is and the fact that cancer survival is increasing overall, it is likely that a dental health care provider will encounter people either with a history of cancer/cancer treatment or who are currently embarking on or undergoing treatment for cancer. […] Oral complications of cancer therapy can be acute (i.e., developing during treatment) or delayed onset (i.e., developing months to years after treatment); local or systemic; or functional. […] The most common oral complications related to cancer therapies are mucositis, opportunistic infection (viral or fungal), salivary gland dysfunction, taste disturbance, and pain. […] The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommends that dental professionals be considered part of the cancer care team in individuals undergoing cancer treatment and that people see their dentist 4 weeks prior to initiating cancer treatment (if possible) to allow for healing if any dental work is required.

• #82 Complications of Treatment – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/complications/

  The likelihood is high that aggressive cancer treatment will have toxic effects on normal cells as well as cancer cells. The gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, is particularly prone to damage. This is true whether the treatment is radiation or chemotherapy. Most patients being treated for head and neck cancer will experience some oral complications, and while most of these are manageable, complications can sometimes become severe enough that treatment must be completely stopped. […] The most common oral problems occurring after radiation and chemotherapy are mucositis (an inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth), infection, pain, and bleeding. Other possible complications might include dehydration and malnutrition, commonly brought on by difficulties in swallowing (dysphagia). Radiation therapy to the head and neck may injure the glands that produce saliva (xerostomia), or damage the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck (trismus). These treatments may also cause hypovascularization (reduction in blood vessels and blood supply) of the bones of the maxilla or mandible (the bones of the mouth). In addition, treatments may affect other forms of dental disease (caries, or soft tissue complications), or even cause bone death (osteonecrosis).

• #83 Mouth cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351002

  Treatments for mouth cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines that help treat mouth cancer include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You may have just one type of treatment, or you may undergo a combination of cancer treatments. […] Your healthcare team considers many factors when creating a mouth cancer treatment plan. These may include the cancer’s location and how fast it’s growing. The team also may look at whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and the results of tests on the cancer cells. Your team also considers your overall health and personal preferences. […] During mouth cancer surgery, the surgeon removes the cancer and some of the healthy cells around it, called a margin. Removing the margin helps ensure that all the cancer cells are removed. The extent of the surgery depends on the size of the cancer. If cancer has spread into bone, the surgeon may remove some bone tissue.

• #84 Life Changes To Expect After Oral Cancer Diagnosis & How To Cope

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/oral-cancer-life-impact

  If you have cancer in the mouth, it can change your life. […] You might need surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy — sometimes in combination. […] Many of those problems can be treated or will get better over time. […] A speech and language therapist can help you speak more clearly. […] You may have reconstructive or plastic surgery to rebuild bones or tissues. […] If your doctor thinks you have depression, they can treat you or refer you to a specialist.

• #85 Complications of Treatment – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/complications/

  By identifying patients at risk for oral complications, health care providers are able to start preventive measures before cancer therapy begins, reducing the occurrence of problems brought about by different treatment modalities. The most important risk factors leading to problems are oral or dental disease that already exists, and poor oral care during cancer therapy. Other risk factors include the type of cancer, the chemotherapy type and schedule used, the area irradiated and how much radiation is given, how low blood counts are decreased and for how long, the patient’s age, and the general condition of the patient’s health pre-treatment. […] Pre-existing oral conditions may increase the risk of infection or other problems. Problems such as calculus and tartar on the teeth, broken teeth, the condition and quality of existing dental repairs such as crowns or fillings, periodontal disease, and appliances such as bridges, partial dentures, or other removable fixtures can make therapy more difficult later on. Bacteria and fungi can live in the mouth, and may develop into an infection when the immune system is not working well, or when white blood cell counts are low. Both of these factors can be caused by the treatment methods used. Where the gums (gingiva) or other soft tissues are irritated, tissues can thin and waste away, causing sores in the mouth. These complications can result in a significant reduction in the quality of life for the patient.

• #86 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  High-dose bisphosphonates used to treat bone metastases or hypercalcemia of malignancy and antiangiogenic therapies used in cancers such as multiple myeloma may be associated with a specific oral adverse effect known as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). […] Radiation, especially for head and neck cancer, can induce oral damage resulting in permanent dysfunction of vasculature, connective tissue, salivary glands, muscle, and bone. […] Adverse effects of radiotherapy such as xerostomia, mucositis, trismus, bone exposure, dysphasia/dysgeusia, soft tissue fibrosis, and, rarely, later-stage osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the bone may develop. […] Surgical procedures such as removal of removal of the tumor and possible neck node dissection in the head and neck area may result in injury to and/or removal of muscle, bone, or glandular tissue that supports oral function such as chewing, swallowing, or salivary production.

• #87 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  General recommendations to help minimize effects of oral mucositis may include maintaining good oral hygiene; avoiding hard, rough-textured, acidic, or spicy foods or alcohol; avoiding tobacco; eating soft, moist foods that are easy to swallow or eating chilled foods; using mild or non-flavored toothpastes; using saline/bland mouthrinses as often as necessary; removing prostheses if irritation, mucositis, or ulceration occurs. […] Cancer treatment, especially radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, may cause salivary gland hypofunction, resulting in xerostomia/dry mouth, which may be severe. […] While radiotherapy techniques for head and neck cancer have become more targeted and conformal, more effectively treating the tumor while sparing organs at risk (i.e., brainstem, salivary glands, or mandibular bone), osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) remains a potentially severe risk of this therapy.

• #88 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  The most important thing that I learned is that full recovery from the effects of radiotherapy to the mouth and throat takes years not months. […] I found that the radiotherapy affected the muscles of my throat and made swallowing difficult. […] Because of the effects of the radiation on the soft palate (the soft part of the roof of your mouth at the back), I found that when eating or drinking there was a tendency for the food to reflux up into my nose. […] The radiotherapy causes considerable swelling of the cheeks as well as the tongue and other tissues around the mouth. […] It is very common to get a Candida infection in the mouth (also known as oral thrush) during or after treatment when the mouth may be ulcerated. […] This is doubly important following radiation treatment due to the effects of the radiation on the jaw.

• #89 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  The most common oral complications related to cancer therapies are mucositis, opportunistic infection (viral or fungal), salivary gland dysfunction, taste disturbance, and pain. […] These complications, in turn, may lead to secondary complications such as dehydration, dysgeusia (change in taste), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and nutritional compromise. […] Chemotherapy may be used alone (either as single-agent therapy or in combination regimens), or as an adjunct to radiation and/or surgery. […] Toxic effects of chemotherapy in the oral cavity may include ulcerative mucositis/stomatitis, xerostomia, salivary gland dysfunction, oral infections, and oral sores. […] Certain types of chemotherapy (e.g., vinca alkaloids) can cause dental neurotoxicity, which typically manifests as a persistent deep aching or burning pain in a tooth for which no dental or mucosal source can be found.

• #90 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #91 Treatment Options, Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer at Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treatment-options

  Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, helps your immune system fight cancer. […] Researchers at Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center are constantly looking for more efficient and innovative ways to treat oral and oropharyngeal cancer through clinical trials. […] Side effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer treatments vary depending on the type and location of treatment. […] Common side effects include: Sore mouth, Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or talking, Fatigue, Dental issues, Nausea and vomiting, Mouth sores, Loss of appetite. […] Our patients have full access to Dana-Farber Brigham’s world-renowned academic medical community, with its specialists, and state-of-the-art facilities.

• #92 Medication for Oral Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/oral-cancer/treatments/medication-for-oral-cancer

  Most of the side effects associated with the medications used to manage oral cancer are temporary. Chemotherapy side effects may include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, sores in the mouth and throat, changes in kidney function, ringing in the ears, and reduced blood cell levels. Chemoradiation can cause these side effects as well as those associated with radiation therapy. […] Cetuximab is associated with a short-term skin rash and itching. […] To lessen side effects, your doctor may adjust the dosage, prescribe another medication, or recommend integrative health therapies or support services. […] NYU Langone offers clinical trials in which new combinations of chemotherapy drugs and other medications are studied for the treatment of oral cancer in adults. For example, doctors are studying the use of immunotherapy—a treatment that helps to boost the bodys immune response to cancer—when the condition has spread. […] In addition, oral rinses are being studied to decrease mouth sores that result from chemoradiation treatment. Researchers are also studying the use of medical marijuana to manage pain caused by oral cancer. […] You and your doctor can discuss whether a clinical trial is right for you.

• #93 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  You might have pembrolizumab if you have squamous cell cancer that has been tested for a type of protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and you haven’t had any treatment for an advanced cancer or your cancer has come back and you can’t have surgery to remove the cancer. […] You can have immunotherapy for up to 2 years. […] Not all targeted and immunotherapy drugs are available throughout the UK. It might depend on where you live whether you can have a certain drug. […] You have treatment through a thin short tube (a cannula) that goes into a vein in your arm each time you have treatment. […] A side effect may get better or worse during your course of treatment. Or more side effects may develop as the treatment goes on. […] Your treatment depends on where in your mouth or oropharynx your cancer is, the type, how big it is, whether it has spread anywhere else in your body and your general health.

• #94 Targeted And Immunotherapy Drugs For Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs

  You might have pembrolizumab if you have squamous cell cancer that has been tested for a type of protein called programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and you haven’t had any treatment for an advanced cancer or your cancer has come back and you can’t have surgery to remove the cancer. […] You can have immunotherapy for up to 2 years. […] Not all targeted and immunotherapy drugs are available throughout the UK. It might depend on where you live whether you can have a certain drug. […] You have treatment through a thin short tube (a cannula) that goes into a vein in your arm each time you have treatment. […] A side effect may get better or worse during your course of treatment. Or more side effects may develop as the treatment goes on. […] Your treatment depends on where in your mouth or oropharynx your cancer is, the type, how big it is, whether it has spread anywhere else in your body and your general health.

• #95 Complications of Treatment – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/complications/

  The likelihood is high that aggressive cancer treatment will have toxic effects on normal cells as well as cancer cells. The gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, is particularly prone to damage. This is true whether the treatment is radiation or chemotherapy. Most patients being treated for head and neck cancer will experience some oral complications, and while most of these are manageable, complications can sometimes become severe enough that treatment must be completely stopped. […] The most common oral problems occurring after radiation and chemotherapy are mucositis (an inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth), infection, pain, and bleeding. Other possible complications might include dehydration and malnutrition, commonly brought on by difficulties in swallowing (dysphagia). Radiation therapy to the head and neck may injure the glands that produce saliva (xerostomia), or damage the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck (trismus). These treatments may also cause hypovascularization (reduction in blood vessels and blood supply) of the bones of the maxilla or mandible (the bones of the mouth). In addition, treatments may affect other forms of dental disease (caries, or soft tissue complications), or even cause bone death (osteonecrosis).

• #96 Mouth (Oral) Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth

  Side effects of mouth cancer and its treatment can include problems with swallowing and speech. Some people experience limited range of motion in the jaw. Others develop problems with their teeth. Having experts in rehabilitation, speech pathology, dental oncology, and more is an essential part of MSKs holistic approach to mouth cancer care.

• #97 Life Changes To Expect After Oral Cancer Diagnosis & How To Cope

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/oral-cancer-life-impact

  If you have cancer in the mouth, it can change your life. […] You might need surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy — sometimes in combination. […] Many of those problems can be treated or will get better over time. […] A speech and language therapist can help you speak more clearly. […] You may have reconstructive or plastic surgery to rebuild bones or tissues. […] If your doctor thinks you have depression, they can treat you or refer you to a specialist.

• #98 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Cancer | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/oral-cancer

  Because oral cancer can cause problems with speaking, breathing, and swallowing, we partner with speech, physical, and occupational therapists to improve those functions. […] Often, reconstructive surgery takes place at the same time as your original surgery to remove a tumor. We can partner with dentists, prosthodontists, and oral surgeons to recommend dental prostheses, implants, or grafts to rebuild areas in your mouth.

• #99 Oral Cancer | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/types-and-treatments/oral-cancer

  Oral cancer treatment often includes surgery to remove the tumor as a first step. You receive services from fellowship-trained head and neck surgeons who use advanced surgical techniques. […] Surgery sometimes includes removing some of the tongue or part of the jawbone if cancer has spread. You may need an additional procedure to repair (reconstruct) the area. […] Head and neck cancer treatment can bring changes that require other therapies, including: […] Dental care for dry mouth: We may recommend a specialized mouthwash to keep your mouth moist, which lowers the risk of infections and dental problems. […] Speech therapy for trouble speaking or swallowing: We share exercises to help you regain the strength and coordination to swallow and talk. […] Nutrition therapy for difficulty eating: Our dietitians help by suggesting foods that are easier to eat or liquid nutrition, if necessary.

• #100 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  Given how common cancer is and the fact that cancer survival is increasing overall, it is likely that a dental health care provider will encounter people either with a history of cancer/cancer treatment or who are currently embarking on or undergoing treatment for cancer. […] Oral complications of cancer therapy can be acute (i.e., developing during treatment) or delayed onset (i.e., developing months to years after treatment); local or systemic; or functional. […] The most common oral complications related to cancer therapies are mucositis, opportunistic infection (viral or fungal), salivary gland dysfunction, taste disturbance, and pain. […] The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommends that dental professionals be considered part of the cancer care team in individuals undergoing cancer treatment and that people see their dentist 4 weeks prior to initiating cancer treatment (if possible) to allow for healing if any dental work is required.

• #101 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommends that dental professionals be considered part of the cancer care team for individuals undergoing cancer treatment and that people see their dentist 4 weeks prior to initiating cancer treatment (if possible) to allow for healing if any dental work is required. […] The NCI emphasizes that dental treatment plans need to be realistic, relative to the type and extent of dental disease and define how long it could be until routine dental care can be resumed. […] The NCI also recommends that in people undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell therapy, a comprehensive plan for oral disease stabilization be established between the oncology team and dental care providers. […] Mucositis. Oral mucositis can be a painful and potentially debilitating adverse effect of cancer therapy.

• #102 Cancer Therapies and Dental Considerations | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/cancer-therapies-and-dental-considerations

  General recommendations to help minimize effects of oral mucositis may include maintaining good oral hygiene; avoiding hard, rough-textured, acidic, or spicy foods or alcohol; avoiding tobacco; eating soft, moist foods that are easy to swallow or eating chilled foods; using mild or non-flavored toothpastes; using saline/bland mouthrinses as often as necessary; removing prostheses if irritation, mucositis, or ulceration occurs. […] Cancer treatment, especially radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, may cause salivary gland hypofunction, resulting in xerostomia/dry mouth, which may be severe. […] While radiotherapy techniques for head and neck cancer have become more targeted and conformal, more effectively treating the tumor while sparing organs at risk (i.e., brainstem, salivary glands, or mandibular bone), osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) remains a potentially severe risk of this therapy.

• #103 Mouth Care for Cancer Patients | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/mouth-care-for-cancer-patients

  Patients who are receiving cancer therapy often have changes in the mouth. This information can help you understand possible side effects of cancer treatment, including tips for mouth care that may help prevent or minimize these changes. […] Chemotherapy may also cause mouth sores (mucositis). These sores usually heal in one to two weeks; however, more serious ulcers may become infected with bacteria or yeast that are commonly found in the mouth. […] Radiation therapy is often used to treat individuals with cancer of the head and neck. It is delivered to the head and neck area to destroy cancer cells but unfortunately, some normal cells are injured as well. During radiation treatment, patients may also experience mouth sores. […] To prevent infection and tooth decay, it is very important to see your dentist early in your treatment and to continue good mouth cleaning daily.

• #104 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  Following treatment, I found that I was unable to open my mouth as fully as I used to be able to prior to treatment. […] The only way of coping with this is to eat slowly and carefully. […] I found it difficult to maintain my weight, let alone put it back on, by sticking to a normal diet. […] I overcame this problem by using high calorie, nutritional supplements which either came as a liquid drink or as a powder to be mixed with milk. […] I found that because of the trauma of the treatment and problems with eating I developed a very negative attitude to food and eating. […] It is a great shock to be told that you have cancer. On top of that, the treatment for this particular cancer is especially traumatic and it takes a long time to recover from the effects of the treatment.

• #105 Oral Cancer | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/types-and-treatments/oral-cancer

  Oral cancer treatment often includes surgery to remove the tumor as a first step. You receive services from fellowship-trained head and neck surgeons who use advanced surgical techniques. […] Surgery sometimes includes removing some of the tongue or part of the jawbone if cancer has spread. You may need an additional procedure to repair (reconstruct) the area. […] Head and neck cancer treatment can bring changes that require other therapies, including: […] Dental care for dry mouth: We may recommend a specialized mouthwash to keep your mouth moist, which lowers the risk of infections and dental problems. […] Speech therapy for trouble speaking or swallowing: We share exercises to help you regain the strength and coordination to swallow and talk. […] Nutrition therapy for difficulty eating: Our dietitians help by suggesting foods that are easier to eat or liquid nutrition, if necessary.

• #106 Oral Cancers: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer

  Nutrition is also an important part of your oral cancer treatment. Many treatments make it difficult or painful to eat and swallow, and poor appetite and weight loss are common. Make sure you discuss your diet with your doctor. […] Keeping your mouth healthy during cancer treatments is a crucial part of treatment. Make sure to keep your mouth moist and your teeth and gums clean. […] The recovery from each type of treatment will vary. Postsurgery symptoms can include pain and swelling, but removing small tumors usually has no associated long-term problems. […] People who are diagnosed with advanced oral cancer will likely need reconstructive surgery and some rehabilitation to assist with eating and speaking during recovery. […] Reconstruction can involve dental implants or grafts to repair the missing bones and tissues in the mouth or face. Artificial palates are used to replace any missing tissue or teeth. […] Rehabilitation is also necessary for cases of advanced cancer. Speech therapy can be provided from the time you get out of surgery until you reach the maximum level of improvement.

• #107 Oral Cancers: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer

  Nutrition is also an important part of your oral cancer treatment. Many treatments make it difficult or painful to eat and swallow, and poor appetite and weight loss are common. Make sure you discuss your diet with your doctor. […] Keeping your mouth healthy during cancer treatments is a crucial part of treatment. Make sure to keep your mouth moist and your teeth and gums clean. […] The recovery from each type of treatment will vary. Postsurgery symptoms can include pain and swelling, but removing small tumors usually has no associated long-term problems. […] People who are diagnosed with advanced oral cancer will likely need reconstructive surgery and some rehabilitation to assist with eating and speaking during recovery. […] Reconstruction can involve dental implants or grafts to repair the missing bones and tissues in the mouth or face. Artificial palates are used to replace any missing tissue or teeth. […] Rehabilitation is also necessary for cases of advanced cancer. Speech therapy can be provided from the time you get out of surgery until you reach the maximum level of improvement.

• #108 Treatment for mouth cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-cancer/treatment/

  The treatment you’ll have for mouth cancer depends on: […] You may be offered a combination of treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted medicines and immunotherapy. […] Surgery is usually needed to remove mouth cancer. […] Sometimes an area around the cancer may also need to be removed to stop the cancer coming back. […] If a large part of your jaw or tongue is removed, you may need surgery to rebuild the area using skin or bone from another part of your body (reconstructive surgery). […] Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Radiotherapy is often used to treat mouth cancer. […] You may also have radiotherapy: after surgery, if you’re unable to have surgery, to ease the symptoms if the cancer has spread. […] Chemotherapy is medicine that kills cancer cells.

• #109 Treatment – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/treatment/

  After a definitive diagnosis has been made and the cancer has been staged, treatment may begin. Treatment of oral cancers is ideally a multidisciplinary approach involving the efforts of surgeons, radiation oncologists, chemotherapy oncologists, dental practitioners, nutritionists, and rehabilitation and restorative specialists. The actual curative treatment modalities are usually surgery and radiation, with chemotherapy added to decrease the possibility of metastasis, to sensitize the malignant cells to radiation, or for those patients who have confirmed distant metastasis of the disease. […] Whether a patient has surgery, radiation and surgery, or radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy, is dependent on the stage of development of the cancer. Each case is individual. […] Patients with cancers treated in their early stages, may have little in the way of post treatment disfigurement. For those whose cancer is caught at a later stage, the results of surgical removal of the disease may require reconstruction of portions of their oral cavity or facial features. There may be adjunctive therapy required to assist in speech, chewing of foods, the problems associated with the lack of salivary function, as well as the fabrication of dental or facial prostheses.

• #110 Life Changes To Expect After Oral Cancer Diagnosis & How To Cope

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/oral-cancer-life-impact

  If you have cancer in the mouth, it can change your life. […] You might need surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy — sometimes in combination. […] Many of those problems can be treated or will get better over time. […] A speech and language therapist can help you speak more clearly. […] You may have reconstructive or plastic surgery to rebuild bones or tissues. […] If your doctor thinks you have depression, they can treat you or refer you to a specialist.

• #111 Oral (Mouth) Cancer Treatment: Surgery, Radiation & Chemotherapy

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/cancer/treatment-options-for-oral-mouth-cancer

  Chemotherapy is medication designed to kill rapidly-producing cells, which can include both cancer cells and healthy cells. Sometimes doctors use chemo before surgery or radiation to help shrink a tumor; other times, patients start chemotherapy after one of these procedures. It can be used on its own or in combination with radiation therapy. […] New therapies have emerged in recent years, and researchers are still studying many others. Some are only available in clinical trials. Talk to your medical care team about whether these treatments might be an option for you. […] Mouth cancer treatment can carry significant side effects, and symptoms of the disease itself also may require coping strategies. Acupuncture may help cut pain, fatigue and nausea caused by chemotherapy or radiation. You may need speech or physical therapy after surgery, and it will take time to adjust to any changes in appearance and function. You may benefit from counseling along with your physical therapy to cope with these challenges. […] An oral or mouth cancer diagnosis is challenging, but you do have treatment options. Consult with your healthcare team to see which treatments might be best to address your cancer and help you maintain a good quality of life during oral cancer treatment.

• #112 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  Following treatment, I found that I was unable to open my mouth as fully as I used to be able to prior to treatment. […] The only way of coping with this is to eat slowly and carefully. […] I found it difficult to maintain my weight, let alone put it back on, by sticking to a normal diet. […] I overcame this problem by using high calorie, nutritional supplements which either came as a liquid drink or as a powder to be mixed with milk. […] I found that because of the trauma of the treatment and problems with eating I developed a very negative attitude to food and eating. […] It is a great shock to be told that you have cancer. On top of that, the treatment for this particular cancer is especially traumatic and it takes a long time to recover from the effects of the treatment.

• #113 Treatment for mouth cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mouth-cancer/treatment/

  It is sometimes given with radiotherapy for mouth cancer. […] You may have chemotherapy for mouth cancer: before or after surgery, if your mouth cancer has come back, if cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Targeted medicines kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy is where medicines are used to help your immune system kill cancer cells. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, and help you live longer. […] The palliative care team can also help you and your loved ones get any other support you need.

• #114 Treating Oral (Mouth) and Oropharyngeal (Throat) Cancer | Mouth & Throat Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options, including treatment goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] For some people, when treatments have been tried and are no longer controlling the cancer, it could be time to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing to try new treatments. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

• #115 Mouth cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/mouth-cancer

  Treatment for mouth cancer depends on the type of cancer, where it is located and how far it has spread. […] A common treatment for mouth cancers is surgery to remove the tumour, particularly in early-stage cancer. […] Radiation therapy (also known as radiotherapy) can be used on its own to treat some small mouth cancers. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or shrink tumours. […] Palliative care aims to improve your quality of life without trying to cure the cancer. […] Depending on your treatment, your treatment team may consist of a number of different health professionals.

• #116 Mouth cancer | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mouth-cancer

  Long term monitoring – this may include regular oral examinations and occasional X-rays to make sure the cancer hasn’t come back. […] Ongoing care – this may include speech therapy, dietary advice, regular medical follow-up and counselling. […] If your mouth cancer has spread to other parts of the body and it is not possible to cure it by surgery, your doctor may still recommend treatment. Treatment for control of cancer may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy or pain-relieving medications (or a combination of these). Treatment may help to relieve symptoms, might make you feel better and may allow you to live longer. You may hear your doctor call your treatment palliative. This means treatment designed to relieve symptoms rather than cure.

• #117 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  Oral cancer is curable if detected at an early stage. […] What your treatment plan looks like will depend on your cancer’s location and stage, as well as your health and personal preferences. You may have just one type of treatment or you may need a combination of cancer treatments. Surgery is the main treatment for oral cancer. Surgery generally means removing the tumor and possibly lymph nodes in the neck. If the tumor is large, reconstruction may be required. If the tumor is small and there’s no evidence of spread to lymph nodes, surgery alone may be enough treatment. If the oral cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck or is large and invading different areas of the mouth, more treatment is required after surgery. This could include radiation, which uses high-power beams of energy to target and destroy the mutated cancerous cells. Sometimes chemotherapy is combined with the radiation. Chemotherapy is a powerful cocktail of chemicals that kills the cancer. Immunotherapy, a newer treatment which helps your immune system attack the cancer, is also sometimes used.

• #118 Mouth cancer: Is there a cure?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-mouth-cancer-curable

  In the early stages, doctors may be able to cure mouth cancer with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy. In the later stages, it requires combination treatment. […] There are several options for treating mouth cancer. If they find it early, a doctor might recommend surgery as the first option. […] They may use radiation therapy alongside surgery, or they may use it as an alternative if the patient is unable to undergo surgery. Chemotherapy sometimes works to shrink tumors as well. […] A newer treatment, called targeted therapy, uses medications to specifically target and attack cancer cells. This option may work for some people. […] Doctors can treat any stage of mouth cancer. However, as an individuals cancer develops, the more difficult it might be to cure.

• #119 Mouth cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/mouth-cancer/

  There are 3 main treatment options for mouth cancer. They are: surgery where the cancerous cells are surgically removed and, in some cases, some of the surrounding tissue […] chemotherapy where powerful medications are used to kill cancerous cells […] radiotherapy where high energy X-rays are used to kill cancerous cells. These treatments are often used in combination. For example, a course of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be given after surgery to help prevent the cancer returning. […] Your treatment will depend on the type and size of the cancer, the grade and how far its spread as well as your general health. […] If the cancer hasnt spread beyond the mouth or the oropharynx (the bit of your throat at the back of your mouth), a complete cure may be possible using a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

• #120 Treatment – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/treatment/

  After a definitive diagnosis has been made and the cancer has been staged, treatment may begin. Treatment of oral cancers is ideally a multidisciplinary approach involving the efforts of surgeons, radiation oncologists, chemotherapy oncologists, dental practitioners, nutritionists, and rehabilitation and restorative specialists. The actual curative treatment modalities are usually surgery and radiation, with chemotherapy added to decrease the possibility of metastasis, to sensitize the malignant cells to radiation, or for those patients who have confirmed distant metastasis of the disease. […] Whether a patient has surgery, radiation and surgery, or radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy, is dependent on the stage of development of the cancer. Each case is individual. […] Patients with cancers treated in their early stages, may have little in the way of post treatment disfigurement. For those whose cancer is caught at a later stage, the results of surgical removal of the disease may require reconstruction of portions of their oral cavity or facial features. There may be adjunctive therapy required to assist in speech, chewing of foods, the problems associated with the lack of salivary function, as well as the fabrication of dental or facial prostheses.

• #121 Oral Cancer Care – Treatments and Symptoms | Conditions, Treatments & Specialty | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/conditions-treatments-specialty/oral-cancer

  Radiation oncology uses radiation to control or destroy harmful cancer cells, with tools to treat each unique cancer. […] This treatment involves the use of medicines that help a person’s own immune system find and destroy cancer cells. It can be used to treat some people with oral cancer. […] Using medications that attack specific weaknesses in cancer cells, targeted therapy is a newer treatment that targets only certain parts of those cells, to slow or stop growth. […] Our extensive history with oral cancer research and clinical trials gives you access to new treatments, often before they become widely available. Participating in a trial may help improve your condition, even if standard approaches haven’t worked in the past. […] During your recovery period, we offer a variety of services to help you regain your sense of self. Speech and swallow therapy, nutritional/diet support, physical therapy and occupational therapy can help you get back into the swing of things physically. We also offer mental health services and social services to help bring you back mentally and emotionally.

• #122 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq

  Surgical treatment of cancer of the hard palate usually requires excision of underlying bone producing an opening into the antrum. […] Patients who smoke while receiving radiation therapy appear to have lower response rates and shorter survival durations than those who do not; therefore, patients should be counseled to stop smoking before beginning radiation therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer include: Surgery is the preferred treatment if radiation therapy was used initially. […] Immunotherapy. […] Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. […] Nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 antiPD-1 monoclonal antibody.

• #123 Mouth cancer: Is there a cure?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-mouth-cancer-curable

  In stages 0, I, II, or III, cancer may be only present in the mouth or one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the primary tumor. These stages may be easier to cure. […] However, in stage IV A and B, cancer has reached the lymph nodes and is still only present in the neck region, so doctors may still be able to treat it. […] Special surgical techniques are available to treat cancer of the mouth. […] Other therapies for mouth cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, and experimental treatments in clinical trials. […] It is possible for doctors to cure oral cancer if they find it early. […] They can treat oral cancer with several effective methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and combination therapy. […] The outcome depends on whether and how far the cancer has spread beyond the mouth. […] When doctors catch mouth cancer, they can use a variety of treatments. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy can all attack the cancer. In addition, combination therapy drugs may also be useful.

• #124 Oral Cancer Treatment in Michigan | The CHC

  https://www.thechc.com/cancers-we-treat/oral-cancer-treatment/

  Oral cancer is very treatable, especially when you and your doctor find it in the earliest stages. […] For many people, surgery is the first round of treatment for oral cancer. Your surgeon may cut away the tumor and a margin of tissue surrounding it, along with larger areas if your cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near your mouth and neck. […] Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, uses beams of nuclear energy to kill cancer cells. […] Targeted therapy uses special medicines to attack the proteins in oral cancer cells to kill them. […] Immunotherapy uses specialized medicines to train your immune system to recognize and block the proteins cancer cells use to spread to other areas of the body, destroying them. […] Chemotherapy uses medication to kill fast-growing cancer cells. […] Yes, oral cancer is treatableespecially if you detect it at an early stage. Your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you and give you their best recommendations based on the type of oral cancer you have.

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