Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24983-mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation is a leaky valve in your hearts left side. […] It may not be possible to prevent this condition, but you can work with your healthcare provider to lower your risk for various forms of heart disease. […] In general, you can: Avoid using all tobacco products. Get regular physical activity. Eat heart-healthy foods. Keep a weight thats healthy for you. Visit your provider for yearly checkups to catch any problems early. Visit a provider if you have frequent sore throats with fevers or have been diagnosed with rheumatic fever in the past.

• #2 Mitral Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.uvmhealth.org/medcenter/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  If your mitral valve, the valve between the left chambers of your heart, does not seal correctly, blood may flow backward when your heart beats. This is called mitral valve regurgitation (MVR). It can cause shortness of breath and fatigue and in severe cases can lead to heart failure. […] At the University of Vermont Medical Center (UVM Medical Center), we offer the full range of life-saving treatment options to repair or replace leaking mitral valves. Our goal is to help you live longer and live better. […] If the MVR is causing symptoms or could lead to heart failure, surgery is the best option. We have a variety of surgical options, including: Repair: Our minimally invasive repair is the first and best option. It maintains the integrity of the valve and in most cases is a permanent repair. […] Replacement: If your mitral valve is too severely damaged to repair, our surgeons can replace it with a mechanical valve. […] MitraClip: This clip reduces leakage in the valve but does not completely solve the problem. It is the best option for people who cannot undergo surgery.

• #3 Patient education: Antibiotics to prevent heart valve infections (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antibiotics-to-prevent-heart-valve-infections-beyond-the-basics

  People who are at increased risk of infections of the heart valves (a condition called infective endocarditis [IE]) need to take an antibiotic before certain dental or other invasive medical procedures. Taking a preprocedure antibiotic to prevent infection is called „antibiotic prophylaxis.” […] Most experts believe that taking antibiotics before selected dental procedures has benefit (which outweighs the risk of antibiotics) only for people who are at highest risk of adverse outcome from IE. Your health care provider can help you understand your risk of developing IE; whether you might benefit from preventive antibiotics or whether the risk of an adverse effect of an antibiotic may outweigh its potential benefit. […] Preventive antibiotics before certain procedures are generally recommended for people who are considered to be at highest risk of adverse outcome from IE, including those with the following conditions: A prosthetic heart valve or past valve repair with prosthetic (man-made) materials, A prior history of IE, Certain types of congenital heart disease, Cardiac transplantation with presence of heart valve abnormalities, Durable mechanical circulatory support device (ventricular assist device or artificial heart).

• #4 Mitral Valve – COR Medical Group

  https://cormedicalgroup.com/conditions/mitral-valve/

  Mitral regurgitation is a condition in which the valve between the hearts two left chambers doesnt close all the way, and allows some blood to flow backward. […] The latest and most recent recommendations are that most patients with mitral valve prolapse or mitral regurgitation do not routinely need to take antibiotics before undergoing dental procedures or cleaning to prevent the valve from becoming infected (endocarditis). […] Unfortunately, while routine prophylactic endocarditis prophylaxis has not been proven to be effective, patients with significant mitral valve prolapse or regurgitation are at increased risk of endocarditis.

• #5 Avoid prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of mitral valve prolapse. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/257.html

  Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer indicated in patients with mitral valve prolapse for prevention of infective endocarditis. The risk of antibiotic-associated adverse effects exceeds the benefit (if any) from prophylactic antibiotic therapy. […] Limited use of prophylaxis will likely reduce the unwanted selection of antibiotic-resistant strains and their unintended consequences such as Clostridium difficileassociated colitis.

• #6 Mayo Clinic Q and A: Vast Majority of People With Mitral Valve Prolapse Won’t Need Surgery – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-vast-majority-of-people-with-mitral-valve-prolapse-wont-need-surgery/

  The vast majority of people who have mitral valve prolapse do not require surgery. […] Antibiotics before dental work no longer are recommended for people with mitral valve prolapse. […] According to the American Heart Association, antibiotics are no longer necessary for people who have mitral valve regurgitation or mitral valve prolapse.

• #7

  https://journals.lww.com/ebp/fulltext/2015/09000/when_is_bacterial_endocarditis_prophylaxis.6.aspx

  Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), whether or not they have symptoms. […] Patients with a history of infective endocarditis, prosthetic valves, cardiac transplant recipients with valve regurgitation, or congenital heart disease should receive antibiotics when undergoing dental procedures or surgery (SOR: C, consensus guidelines).

• #8 Mitral Regurgitation – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/mitral-regurgitation

  Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended except for patients who have had valve replacement or repair utilizing prosthetic materials. […] Anticoagulants are used to prevent thromboemboli in patients with atrial fibrillation. […] Acute mitral regurgitation requires emergency mitral valve repair or replacement with concomitant coronary revascularization as necessary. […] Chronic primary mitral regurgitation that is severe needs intervention at the onset of symptoms or decompensation. […] Chronic secondary mitral regurgitation has fewer indications for intervention. […] For patients undergoing cardiac surgery for other indications, concomitant mitral valve surgery should be considered for a repairable valve with MR that is moderate. […] In primary mitral regurgitation, the closer the mitral valve intervention mimics the native valve, the better for LV preservation and mortality. […] Lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin is required in patients with a mechanical valve to prevent thromboembolism.

• #9 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  The goals of mitral valve regurgitation treatment are to: […] Prevent complications. […] Some people, especially those with mild regurgitation, might not need treatment. Your health care team considers your symptoms and stage of regurgitation, among other things, when planning treatment. […] Medicines may be needed to reduce mitral valve regurgitation symptoms and to prevent complications of heart valve disease. […] If you’ve had mitral valve replacement, your doctor will likely recommend that you take antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent an infection called infective endocarditis. […] Your health care team may suggest that you make several heart-healthy lifestyle changes. Take these steps: […] Control of high blood pressure is important if you have mitral valve regurgitation.

• #10 Patient education: Antibiotics to prevent heart valve infections (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antibiotics-to-prevent-heart-valve-infections-beyond-the-basics

  People who are at highest risk for IE should take one dose of an antibiotic before certain dental, oral, or upper respiratory tract procedures. For these people, preventive antibiotics are recommended for routine dental cleanings as well as more invasive procedures such as tooth extractions, abscess drainage, or root canals.

• #11 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  A healthy diet can help prevent other heart disease that can weaken the heart muscle. […] Talk with your health care team about the amount and type of exercise that’s best for you, especially if you’re considering competitive sports. […] Being overweight increases the risk of heart disease. […] Heavy alcohol use can cause irregular heartbeats and can make your symptoms worse. […] If you smoke, quit. […] Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other chronic conditions. […] If you have mitral valve regurgitation and are thinking about getting pregnant, talk with your health care team first.

• #12 Tips for Living With Mitral Regurgitation

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/mitral-regurgitation/living-with-mitral-regurgitation/tips-for-living-with-mr

  Take all your medication as prescribedespecially the diuretics! […] Prevent infection. If you have had a heart valve replaced, your provider may have you take antibiotics before a dental procedure to prevent a heart valve infection. […] Eat a healthy diet. Eating a heart-healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated fats can help prevent heart issues later in life that can contribute to mitral regurgitation. […] Keep your blood pressure under good control. This is especially important to slow the progression of mild or moderate mitral regurgitation.

• #13 Heart Valve Regurgitation: Don’t Ignore Symptoms Like Fatigue and Palpitations!

  https://www.praram9.com/en/heart-valve-regurgitation/

  Preventing heart valve regurgitation involves maintaining heart health and adopting a healthy lifestyle, which helps reduce the risk of developing this condition. Prevention strategies include: […] Maintain normal blood pressure by eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and taking prescribed medications. High blood pressure can strain the heart and cause valve deterioration over time. […] Good oral hygiene is essential in preventing infections that could spread to the heart valves. Brush and floss daily, and visit the dentist regularly. Additionally, untreated infections, especially throat infections, should be promptly and properly treated to prevent heart valve inflammation. […] Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, running, swimming, or cycling, helps strengthen the heart and cardiovascular system, controls weight, and reduces the risk of heart disease.

• #14 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.mitral-valve-regurgitation-care-instructions.zc1679

  Your doctor will likely recommend a heart-healthy lifestyle. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. These include vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, lean meat, fish, and whole grains. Limit sodium, sugar, and alcohol. […] Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Take care of your teeth and gums. Get regular dental checkups. Good dental health is important because bacteria can spread from infected teeth and gums to the heart valves.

• #15 Heart Valve Regurgitation: Don’t Ignore Symptoms Like Fatigue and Palpitations!

  https://www.praram9.com/en/heart-valve-regurgitation/

  Maintain a healthy weight by following a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and healthy fats. Limit intake of saturated fats, sugar, and salt to reduce the risk of heart disease and valve regurgitation. […] Quitting smoking reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major factor in valve regurgitation. Alcohol consumption should also be kept moderate to minimize its impact on heart health. […] Managing stress through activities such as meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques helps maintain heart health and lowers the risk of heart disease. […] Regular heart health check-ups are important, especially for those at higher risk, such as older adults, individuals with a family history of heart disease, or those with conditions like hypertension or diabetes. […] Preventing heart valve regurgitation involves maintaining heart health and avoiding risk factors. Adopting a healthy lifestyle helps strengthen the heart and reduces the risk of heart valve issues and other cardiovascular diseases.

• #16 Treatment for Mitral Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.somc.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Dermatology/3,90552

  Mitral valve regurgitation can cause complications such as: […] To reduce the risk for these complications, your healthcare provider may prescribe: […] Antibiotics before certain medical and dental procedures (this is if you have a history of congenital heart disease, a repaired or replaced heart valve, or a history of infection of the heart) […] Eat a low-salt, heart-healthy diet to lower blood pressure and reduce the stress on your heart […] Cut back on caffeine and alcohol to lower your risk for arrhythmias.

• #17 Mitral Valve Regurgitation Symptoms & Procedures | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation causes include factors that can lead to heart disease, such as: […] While many risk factors cannot be controlled, you can help prevent cases of mitral valve regurgitation caused by heart disease. […] Get enough exercise: Even moderate activity can make a big difference in heart health and help you maintain a healthy weight. […] Stop smoking: Smoking can lead to high blood pressure and otherwise damage the heart. […] Take medications as prescribed: If you’re on medications to lower cholesterol or blood pressure, continue taking them as directed. […] Watch what you eat: Stick to a diet rich in fruit, vegetables and whole grains and low in fat, sugar and salt.

• #18 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/mitral-valve-prolapse-8364683

  Most people with mitral valve prolapse are born with the condition. […] In general, you can lower your risk for heart valve diseases by: Living a healthy lifestyle, including eating a heart-healthy diet and exercising […] Practicing good dental and skin hygiene to prevent endocarditis, which can damage heart valves. […] If you have mitral valve prolapse, even without symptoms, it’s important to practice healthy behaviors to prevent the condition from worsening. That includes: Practice good dental hygiene to reduce the risk of endocarditis.

• #19 Mitral Valve Prolapse | MVP | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html

  You can’t prevent mitral valve prolapse. But if you have mitral valve prolapse, you can help prevent the rare but serious problems it can cause by: […] Asking your provider if you need to take antibiotics before dental work or surgery to lower your risk of heart infection. This mostly applies to people who have had valve repair or replacement surgery. […] Getting regular check-ups and taking any medicines that your provider may have prescribed. […] Making heart-healthy habits part of your life to prevent heart disease.

• #20 Mitral Regurgitation – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/mitral-regurgitation.html

  What can I do to prevent MR? […] Manage health conditions that can lead to MR. Your healthcare provider or a specialist can help you manage a condition such as lupus or Marfan syndrome. […] Get treatment for strep throat. Strep throat can lead to rheumatic fever, a cause of MR. […] Talk to your healthcare provider before you take any new medicine. Some medicines can increase your risk for MR.

• #21 Mitral Valve Care | Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement for Mitral Regurgitation near Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/heart-and-vascular-services/conditions-and-treatments/heart-valve-disease/mitral-regurgitation

  The heart specialists at University Hospitals Harrington Heart Vascular Institute provide advanced care for patients with mitral regurgitation. […] Even small lifestyle changes can help you manage mitral valve regurgitation symptoms, but also improve your overall heart health. If you are diagnosed with this condition, our heart specialists will recommend: […] Each patient with mitral regurgitation is different. Therefore, our heart and vascular specialists will take the time to design an individualized treatment plan that is ideal for your particular heart valve condition. […] If you have mild mitral regurgitation, we may recommend medications, close monitoring and frequent echocardiograms. However, since mitral valve regurgitation is a mechanical issue, a repair or total replacement is often the best treatment option.

• #22 FloridaHealthFinder | Mitral valve regurgitation | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000176

  People with abnormal or damaged heart valves are at risk for an infection called endocarditis. Anything that causes bacteria to get into your bloodstream can lead to this infection. Steps to avoid this problem include: […] Always tell your provider and dentist if you have a history of heart valve disease or congenital heart disease before treatment. Some people may need antibiotics before dental procedures or surgery.

• #23 Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Valve Regurgitation in Athletes

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/02/20/08/06/mv-prolapse-and-mv-regurgitation-in-athletes

  Mitral valve disease has been a topic of particular interest in sports and exercise cardiology, gaining notoriety following the sudden cardiac death of two participants in the Chicago Marathon. […] In 2015, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology released the following recommendations regarding athletic participation in patients with mitral valve prolapse: […] The European Society of Cardiology released similar recommendations for participation in competitive sports but also added that those with long QT interval should not engage in competitive sports. […] Regarding medical therapy, beta blockers can be used for symptom relief from premature atrial or ventricular contractions. […] In 2015, the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology released the following recommendations regarding athletes with mitral regurgitation:

• #24 Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Valve Regurgitation in Athletes

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/02/20/08/06/mv-prolapse-and-mv-regurgitation-in-athletes

  These recommendations are all Level of Evidence C and reflect expert opinion. They therefore should be used within the context of individual cases for any discussions and shared decision making on restriction from athletic participation. Further study is needed to elucidate the significance of mitral value disease in athletes.

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