Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mitral valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350178

  Mitral valve regurgitation care at Mayo Clinic […] Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation may include regular health checkups, medicines or surgery. […] Severe mitral valve regurgitation often requires a catheter procedure or heart surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] If you have symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, make an appointment for a health checkup. […] You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist. […] Potential complications of severe mitral valve regurgitation include: […] Congestive heart failure. In severe mitral valve regurgitation, the heart has to work harder to pump enough blood to the body. […] Mitral valve regurgitation complications often depend on the severity of disease. Mild mitral valve regurgitation usually does not cause any problems.

• #2 Mitral valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20121847

  Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disease. In this condition, the valve between the left heart chambers doesn’t close fully. Blood leaks backward across the valve. If the leakage is severe, not enough blood moves through the heart or to the rest of the body. Mitral valve regurgitation can make you feel very tired or short of breath. […] Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation may include regular health checkups, medicines or surgery. You may not need treatment if the condition is mild. […] Severe mitral valve regurgitation often requires a catheter procedure or heart surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. Without proper treatment, severe mitral valve regurgitation can cause heart rhythm problems or heart failure. […] A doctor trained in heart diseases typically provides care for people with mitral valve regurgitation. This type of health care professional is called a cardiologist.

• #3 Treating mitral valve regurgitation – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/treating-mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of valvular heart disease in the U.S. The prevalence of the condition increases with age. About 10% of adults over 75 have mitral valve regurgitation. […] Mitral valve regurgitation can make you feel short of breath or tired from the lack of blood flow through the heart. […] Severe, symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart and lower life expectancy if not treated. […] The goal of treatment is to improve heart function and reduce symptoms. This may include regular monitoring, medication, valve repair or valve replacement. […] Talk with your healthcare team if you have symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation. A cardiologist can determine if you are a candidate for TEER. Your healthcare team will review the risk of complications, how effective the procedure may be and the possible benefits.

• #4 Mitral valve regurgitation Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral regurgitation may begin suddenly. This often occurs after a heart attack. When the regurgitation does not go away, it becomes long-term (chronic). […] Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. […] People with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medicines to reduce the strain on the heart and ease symptoms. […] Once the diagnosis is made, you should visit your provider regularly to track your symptoms and heart function. […] You may need surgery to repair or replace the valve if: Heart function is poor, The heart becomes enlarged (dilated), Symptoms get worse. […] Catheter based non-surgical techniques to place clips or replace the mitral valve are increasingly in use for some selected patients with mitral regurgitation. […] Contact your provider if symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. […] Also contact your provider if you are being treated for this condition and develop signs of infection, which include: Chills, Fever, General ill feeling, Headache, Muscle aches.

• #5 FloridaHealthFinder | Mitral valve regurgitation | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000176

  Mitral regurgitation may begin suddenly. This often occurs after a heart attack. […] Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. […] People with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medicines to reduce the strain on the heart and ease symptoms. […] Once the diagnosis is made, you should visit your provider regularly to track your symptoms and heart function. […] You may need surgery to repair or replace the valve if: Heart function is poor, The heart becomes enlarged (dilated), Symptoms get worse. […] Contact your provider if symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. […] Also contact your provider if you are being treated for this condition and develop signs of infection, which include: Chills, Fever, General ill feeling, Headache, Muscle aches.

• #6 Mitral Valve Disease/Disorder: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Care

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cardiovascular/conditions/mitral-valve-disorder

  Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disease. It happens when the mitral valve doesn’t fully close, allowing blood to leak backward. As a result of mitral valve leakage, the heart has to work harder to pump the blood forward. Mitral valve regurgitation symptoms can include shortness of breath and feeling tired. The condition is typically mild, slow to progress, and asymptomatic for many years. In some cases, it may appear without warning (acute mitral valve regurgitation) and show sudden signs and symptoms such as swollen feet and ankles or a rapid heartbeat. It’s important to confirm the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation as early as possible to help prevent possible complications. […] Endocarditis is a common cause of mitral valve regurgitation and can permanently damage or destroy the heart’s valves if left untreated.

• #7 Mitral valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350178

  Mitral valve regurgitation care at Mayo Clinic […] Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation may include regular health checkups, medicines or surgery. […] Severe mitral valve regurgitation often requires a catheter procedure or heart surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] If you have symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, make an appointment for a health checkup. […] You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist. […] Potential complications of severe mitral valve regurgitation include: […] Congestive heart failure. In severe mitral valve regurgitation, the heart has to work harder to pump enough blood to the body. […] Mitral valve regurgitation complications often depend on the severity of disease. Mild mitral valve regurgitation usually does not cause any problems.

• #8 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, Signs, Treatments – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/valve-disease/mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral regurgitation, also know as mitral valve insufficiency, occurs when the leaflets, or cusps, of the mitral valve do not close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards through the heart. As a result of this leaky mitral valve, the heart is not effectively pumping oxygenated blood out off the heart and into the rest of the body. […] If you have mitral valve disease, you could experience mitral regurgitation symptoms […] If you are at risk for developing regurgitation, it is important to understand that you may or may not experience symptoms. For those that do have symptoms, they can either come on suddenly or gradually worsen. Consult your physician if you are at risk for mitral valve disease and are experiencing one or more of the following symptoms: Shortness of breath, Chest pain, palpitations, Dizziness or syncope (fainting), Fatigue, Fever, Swelling of hands, arms, leg and/or feet, Weight gain.

• #9 Mitral Valve Disease | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/heart-and-vascular-care/programs/cardiology/mitral-valve-disease/

  Mitral valve disease affects the way blood flows from the left atrium of your heart to the left ventricle, which squeezes hard enough to push oxygen-laden blood throughout your body. […] The broad types of mitral valve disease include mitral valve regurgitation and mitral valve stenosis. […] In cases of mitral valve regurgitation, the leaflets on the valve, which open and close with each beat of the heart, aren’t closing tightly. The resulting leak allows blood to flow backward when the left ventricle pumps blood out to the rest of the body. […] Because blood moves backward through the leaky valve, this causes the heart to work harder to keep blood moving. This weakens the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure. […] Signs of mitral regurgitation include: Fatigue/tiredness, Sound of blood flow across the valve (heart murmur), Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially when lying down, Sensation of a rapid, pounding or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations), Swollen feet or ankles (edema).

• #10 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  1. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the leaflets do not close completely, letting blood leak backward across the valve. This backward flow is referred to as regurgitant flow. […] […] 2. Mitral insufficiency (regurgitation) is characterized by incomplete closure of the mitral valve during systole, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium. […] […] 3. Chronic mitral regurgitation is often asymptomatic, while acute mitral regurgitation manifests as severe congestive heart failure (CHF). […] […] 4. Symptoms of mitral regurgitation include dyspnea, fatigue, and weakness, as well as palpitations and shortness of breath on exertion due to pulmonary congestion. […] […] 5. The diagnosis of mitral regurgitation is typically confirmed through echocardiography, which is used to monitor the progression of the condition. […]

• #11 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #12 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #13

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1679

  The mitral valve lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber on the left side of the heart. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve can’t close all the way and blood backs up into the upper chamber of the heart. This causes the heart to work harder to pump the extra blood. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have new symptoms or your symptoms get worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you develop new symptoms.

• #14 How to manage mitral valve regurgitation

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-6/How-to-manage-mitral-valve-regurgitation

  The optimal management of mitral regurgitation may be challenging. For patients with severe regurgitation, particular care needs to be paid to the quality of follow-up while they are still asymptomatic, and it is best performed in specialised centers (at 6 monthly intervals). Patients are to be taught to recognise and report the onset of symptoms. Mitral valve surgery is also best performed in high volume centers with a dedicated team of heart surgeons. […] It is therefore important to follow asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation at regular intervals (6-monthly exams are recommendable) in an appropriate setting. Also, the patients need to be instructed to recognise and promptly report the onset of symptoms. […] To conclude, the quality of mitral regurgitation management may be improved Follow-up examinations should be performed at regular intervals in standardized conditions. The disease should be recognised at an early symptomatic stage in the community and delayed referral should be avoided. Finally, mitral valve surgery should be performed in dedicated centers and in the hands of a dedicated team of heart surgeons.

• #15 Patient education: Mitral regurgitation (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitral-regurgitation-beyond-the-basics

  Mitral regurgitation (MR), which is also known as mitral insufficiency, is a common heart valve disorder. When MR is present, blood leaks backwards through the mitral valve when the heart contracts. This reduces the amount of blood that is pumped out to the body. […] This topic review discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for people with mitral regurgitation. […] People with mitral regurgitation (MR) should have periodic monitoring to determine if and when treatment is needed. The frequency of repeat echocardiogram depends upon several factors, including the severity of the MR, the size and function of the left ventricle, and the presence of symptoms. […] People with chronic mild to moderate MR usually have no increased risks as a result of pregnancy. In contrast, people with severe MR, especially if they have symptoms or other complications of MR, can be at risk of developing complications during pregnancy.

• #16 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #17 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Mitral Regurgitation mitral valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LA […] If the valve should be closed, but doesnt close fully regurgitation […] Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema […] Papillary muscle rupture and mitral valve prolapse may occur suddenly. They are most often accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or other signs of heart failure. This is an emergency that requires surgical intervention immediately. Dont hesitate to call for help. […] Educate patient about post-op requirements after valve replacement surgery […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all.

• #18 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Mitral Regurgitation mitral valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LA […] If the valve should be closed, but doesnt close fully regurgitation […] Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema […] Papillary muscle rupture and mitral valve prolapse may occur suddenly. They are most often accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or other signs of heart failure. This is an emergency that requires surgical intervention immediately. Dont hesitate to call for help. […] Educate patient about post-op requirements after valve replacement surgery […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all.

• #19 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #20 Mitral Valve Program | MaineHealth

  https://www.mainehealth.org/care-services/heart-care-cardiovascular-care/cardiovascular-surgery/mitral-valve-program

  Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on the severity and cause of your condition. […] Several surgical procedures exist to repair or replace mitral valves, including open-heart surgery or minimally invasive heart surgery. […] The MitraClip procedure offers these patients a minimally-invasive option that can significantly improve their symptoms. […] After surgery, most patients stay one to two days in the intensive care unit and two to four days on the cardiac post-operative floor. […] A discharge coordinator will help arrange any post discharge services that may be needed such as nursing care. […] Our care team will provide clear instructions prior to the discharge home or to rehabilitation as well as a follow-up appointment with your surgeon and cardiologist.

• #21 Mitral Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral valve regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or incompetence, is a heart condition where the mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood to flow back into the left atrium. […] Managing mitral regurgitation requires a combination of beta blockers, vasodilators and diuretics, as indicated. Unfortunately, severe mitral regurgitation is progressive and leads to ventricular dysfunction and heart failure unless intervened upon. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The vast majority of valves can be repaired, but badly diseased valves must be replaced. […] Patients who undergo mitral valve surgery are usually in the hospital for five to seven days. The stay in the ICU is usually for the first 24 hours, followed by a transfer to a monitored bed on the floor. Most patients begin walking the day after heart surgery. We have a large team of people who specialize in the various aspects of recovery to work with you, teach you and instruct you on the best practices for your recovery. Follow-up visits in the clinic are at two weeks and four weeks after mitral valve surgery.

• #22 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, Signs, Treatments – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/valve-disease/mitral-valve-disease

  At UChicago Medicine, we specialize in diagnosing and managing heart valve disease. Depending on the severity of the condition and the patients’ medical history, treatment may include medications and lifestyle changes as well as surgical or interventional therapies. Our physicians are highly skilled in performing mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement heart surgery, including robotic heart surgery, and transcatheter mitral valve repair. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts that evaluates each patient to determine which strategy will be the most successful and provide the best quality of life. […] The MitraClip is a small, mechanical clasp that is implanted into the heart and is used to join the two mitral valve leaflets together to reduce leakage. This is a minimally invasive mitral valve procedure in which the clip is implanted using a catheter that enters through the femoral vein and is guided to the chest. Patients are typically discharged within 48 hours, and many experience symptom relief from regurgitation immediately.

• #23 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  If you have mitral valve regurgitation, consider being treated at a medical center with a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals trained and experienced in evaluating and treating heart valve disease. […] Medicines may be needed to reduce mitral valve regurgitation symptoms and to prevent complications of heart valve disease. […] Types of medicines that may be used for mitral valve regurgitation include: Water pills, also called diuretics. This medicine reduces or prevents fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. Blood thinners, also called anticoagulants. If you have atrial fibrillation due to mitral valve disease, such as mitral valve regurgitation, your health care team may recommend these medicines to prevent blood clots. Blood pressure medicines. High blood pressure makes mitral valve regurgitation worse. If you have mitral valve regurgitation and high blood pressure, you may be given medicines to lower blood pressure.

• #24 Mitral Valve Stenosis and Regurgitation | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/mitral-valve-stenosis-regurgitation.html

  Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve does not close properly after blood flows through it, allowing some to leak back into the upper left chamber (left atrium). […] We provide mitral valve care through our Valvular Heart Disease Clinic and Interventional Cardiology Clinic. […] Some valve malfunctions do not pose a threat to your health, so we may suggest careful, regular monitoring. […] While no medications can fix heart valves, we may recommend drugs to keep a regular heart rate, prevent blood clots, and avoid valve infection. […] Valve surgery still offers the safest, most effective, and longest lasting fix for many people. […] Because of the benefits, we prefer to surgically repair your valve and can often do so with a minimally invasive approach. […] Our mitral valve team works closely with our Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Clinic to provide any additional care you may need.

• #25 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  If you have mitral valve regurgitation, consider being treated at a medical center with a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals trained and experienced in evaluating and treating heart valve disease. […] Medicines may be needed to reduce mitral valve regurgitation symptoms and to prevent complications of heart valve disease. […] Types of medicines that may be used for mitral valve regurgitation include: Water pills, also called diuretics. This medicine reduces or prevents fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. Blood thinners, also called anticoagulants. If you have atrial fibrillation due to mitral valve disease, such as mitral valve regurgitation, your health care team may recommend these medicines to prevent blood clots. Blood pressure medicines. High blood pressure makes mitral valve regurgitation worse. If you have mitral valve regurgitation and high blood pressure, you may be given medicines to lower blood pressure.

• #26 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Diuretic therapy is administered to individuals with pulmonary congestion, and an echocardiogram must be performed immediately. […] Afterload-reducing agents (such as nitrates and antihypertensive drugs) and diuretics are helpful for maintaining the forward cardiac output in persons with MR with symptoms and/or LV dysfunction. […] Inotropic agents should be considered in chronic severely symptomatic MR, and consultation with a specialist in cardiothoracic surgery should be obtained. […] A diet low in sodium is indicated for patients with symptomatic chronic MR or those with LV dysfunction. […] Surgery is recommended for moderate to severe (grade 3) mitral regurgitation (MR) in symptomatic patients or those with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. […] The risks and benefits of surgery should be assessed based on the age and comorbidity of each individual patient, with the decision to proceed or not to proceed being grounded in uniformly accepted guidelines.

• #27 Mitral Valve Regurgitation I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-valve/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart, leading to heart failure, atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. […] Drugs prescribed to relieve the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation include diuretics and drugs used to lower blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause mitral valve regurgitation, or aggravate its severity, so lowering blood pressure is often a way to reduce its severity, decrease symptoms and avoid or delay the need for surgery. […] Many people who have mitral valve regurgitation may not require treatment; it depends on severity. Those with mild mitral valve regurgitation rarely require specific treatment. If you have this condition, your physician should regularly monitor you to make sure it does not worsen, or permanently damage or weaken your heart to the point where surgery would not be necessary.

• #28 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Diuretic therapy is administered to individuals with pulmonary congestion, and an echocardiogram must be performed immediately. […] Afterload-reducing agents (such as nitrates and antihypertensive drugs) and diuretics are helpful for maintaining the forward cardiac output in persons with MR with symptoms and/or LV dysfunction. […] Inotropic agents should be considered in chronic severely symptomatic MR, and consultation with a specialist in cardiothoracic surgery should be obtained. […] A diet low in sodium is indicated for patients with symptomatic chronic MR or those with LV dysfunction. […] Surgery is recommended for moderate to severe (grade 3) mitral regurgitation (MR) in symptomatic patients or those with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. […] The risks and benefits of surgery should be assessed based on the age and comorbidity of each individual patient, with the decision to proceed or not to proceed being grounded in uniformly accepted guidelines.

• #29

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1679

  The mitral valve lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber on the left side of the heart. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve can’t close all the way and blood backs up into the upper chamber of the heart. This causes the heart to work harder to pump the extra blood. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have new symptoms or your symptoms get worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you develop new symptoms.

• #30 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.mitral-valve-regurgitation-care-instructions.zc1679

  The mitral valve lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber on the left side of the heart. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve can’t close all the way and blood backs up into the upper chamber of the heart. This causes the heart to work harder to pump the extra blood. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new symptoms or your symptoms get worse. You have new or increased shortness of breath. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have sudden weight gain, such as more than 2 to 3 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week. (Your doctor may suggest a different range of weight gain.) You have new or increased swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet. You are suddenly so tired or weak that you cannot do your usual activities. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you develop new symptoms.

• #31 Tips for Living With Mitral Regurgitation

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/mitral-regurgitation/living-with-mitral-regurgitation/tips-for-living-with-mr

  Take all your medication as prescribedespecially the diuretics! […] Keep your blood pressure under good control. This is especially important to slow the progression of mild or moderate mitral regurgitation. […] Prevent infection. If you have had a heart valve replaced, your provider may have you take antibiotics before a dental procedure to prevent a heart valve infection. […] See your cardiology team if your symptoms change. […] Talk with your cardiologist about treatment options that are best for you.

• #32 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Mitral Regurgitation The mitral valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the left atrium (LA) […] If the valve should be closed but doesnt close fully regurgitation […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics before any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #33 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  If an annuloplasty ring is implanted, the patient will need short-term anticoagulant therapy until endothelial tissue surrounds the ring. A patient with a condition such as atrial fibrillation may also need anticoagulant therapy. Teach these patients about the anticoagulant and the importance of taking it as prescribed. […] A patient and family may think that because the surgery is only a repair, the postoperative recovery will be uneventful. If so, you need to dispel this myth. Be sure to translate the technical details of surgery. Also, explain the need for an intensive care unit stay and the expectations for the recovery period. Make sure the patient and family know the possible postoperative complications: new-onset atrial fibrillation, delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation, and impaired cardiac output.

• #34 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring.

• #35 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement. […] Your health care team discusses the risks and benefits of each type of heart valve with you to determine which valve may be best for you. […] Mitral valve repair saves the existing valve and may save heart function. Whenever possible, mitral valve repair is recommended before considering valve replacement. People who have mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation at an experienced medical center generally have good outcomes. […] During mitral valve repair surgery, the surgeon might: Patch holes in a heart valve. Reconnect the valve flaps. Remove excess tissue from the valve so that the flaps can close tightly. Repair the structure of the mitral valve by replacing cords that support it. Separate valve leaflets that have connected.

• #36

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/guideline-summaries/valvular-heart-disease

  The determination of severe mitral regurgitation that needs surgical repair should be made in the same manner for both primary (degenerative) and secondary (functional) mitral regurgitation. […] Surgical repair should be considered for patients who have severe mitral regurgitation (those who demonstrate an effective regurgitant orifice greater than or equal to 0.4 cm2 and a regurgitant volume greater than or equal to 60 mL with consideration given to clinical and echocardiographic findings). […] Mitral valve repair is preferred over replacement. […] Surgery is recommended for primary mitral regurgitation as follows: Chronic severe, symptomatic primary mitral regurgitation with LV ejection fraction greater than 30%. […] Chronic severe, asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation with LV dysfunction.

• #37 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring.

• #38 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement. […] Your health care team discusses the risks and benefits of each type of heart valve with you to determine which valve may be best for you. […] Mitral valve repair saves the existing valve and may save heart function. Whenever possible, mitral valve repair is recommended before considering valve replacement. People who have mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation at an experienced medical center generally have good outcomes. […] During mitral valve repair surgery, the surgeon might: Patch holes in a heart valve. Reconnect the valve flaps. Remove excess tissue from the valve so that the flaps can close tightly. Repair the structure of the mitral valve by replacing cords that support it. Separate valve leaflets that have connected.

• #39 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival. […] For the patient with acute mitral regurgitation (MR), the electrocardiogram should be examined closely for evidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

• #40 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  If possible, the mitral valve will be repaired rather than replaced. The goal of the surgery is to restore the valve to its normal function. This can be done with open heart surgery, robotic surgery, or via a catheter up from the leg. […] If repairing the mitral valve is not an option, mitral valve replacement may be necessary. Mitral valve replacement involves replacing the mitral valve with a mechanical alternative or an organic valve made of cow, pig, or human tissue. The type of valve a patient receives is based on individual factors such as age, willingness to take medications such as blood thinners (especially if man-made), other medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. […] It is important to contact a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs or feet, heart palpitations, or heart arrhythmia. […] Speak to a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms to begin treatment promptly or learn more about measures to reduce your risk.

• #41 Mitral Valve Regurgitation | Clinical Heart and Vascular Center | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-regurgitation/

  UT Southwestern Medical Centers heart specialists have the skill, experience, and advanced techniques and technologies needed to expertly diagnose and treat mitral valve regurgitation (mitral insufficiency) and improve quality of life. […] Our Heart and Vascular Center is one of the nations leading programs, offering a variety of treatments for mitral valve regurgitation, including minimally invasive surgery and catheter-based treatments. […] UT Southwesterns heart surgeons are experts in minimally invasive approaches to valve surgery. […] UT Southwestern also offers a dedicated Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Cardiac rehabilitation is a critical component of recovery and can prevent future heart disease. […] Treatment options for people with mitral insufficiency include: […] Medications: To relieve symptoms, diuretics to reduce congestion and volume overload; vasodilators to treat acute symptoms; antibiotics if the valve is infected; or anticoagulants to prevent clot formation if atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm) is present. […] Mitral valve repair: To eliminate foreign valve placement and lessen the need for ongoing anticoagulation drugs. […] Mitral valve replacement: If repair is not possible, the valve may be replaced with a tissue or mechanical valve.

• #42 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  If possible, the mitral valve will be repaired rather than replaced. The goal of the surgery is to restore the valve to its normal function. This can be done with open heart surgery, robotic surgery, or via a catheter up from the leg. […] If repairing the mitral valve is not an option, mitral valve replacement may be necessary. Mitral valve replacement involves replacing the mitral valve with a mechanical alternative or an organic valve made of cow, pig, or human tissue. The type of valve a patient receives is based on individual factors such as age, willingness to take medications such as blood thinners (especially if man-made), other medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. […] It is important to contact a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs or feet, heart palpitations, or heart arrhythmia. […] Speak to a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms to begin treatment promptly or learn more about measures to reduce your risk.

• #43 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  In a retrospective study of 121 patients with significant chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation, intervention with mitral valve replacement was associated with improved postoperative exercise hemodynamic performance and long-term functional capacity compared with mitral valve annuloplasty. […] Surgery may be considered in the following situations: Patients with severe LV dysfunction refractory to medical therapy with low likelihood of durable repair and low comorbidity (Class IIb). […] Percutaneous double-orifice mitral valve repair appears safer than surgery, primarily due to reduced risk of transfusion. Although surgery results in more favorable reduction of MR, quality of life at one year is similar for both approaches. Surgical mitral valve repair remains the criterion standard intervention for severe MR; however, percutaneous double-orifice repair is a viable alternative for patients at high risk for surgery.

• #44 Mitral Valve Care | Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement for Mitral Regurgitation near Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/heart-and-vascular-services/conditions-and-treatments/heart-valve-disease/mitral-regurgitation

  The heart specialists at University Hospitals Harrington Heart Vascular Institute provide advanced care for patients with mitral regurgitation. […] With our expertise and leading technologies, mitral valve regurgitation patients can reduce their symptoms and avoid life-threatening complications such as atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. […] Using transcatheter or catheter-based approach to mitral valve repair for issues such as mitral regurgitation, our team at University Hospitals brings together interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery experts for improved outcomes. […] Working with a multidisciplinary approach, innovative treatments such as MitraClip provide patient benefits with a non-surgical and minimally invasive procedure. MitraClip places a clip on the mitral valve to reduce or correct the regurgitation, or leakage of blood backward.

• #45 Mitral Valve Regurgitation | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  We walk you through the process of repairing the mitral valve, which sometimes is necessary when its leaflets becomes floppy, or slip too far out of place. […] The most common symptoms are shortness of breath and sometimes feeling tired as well. […] This condition – impacting about four million people in the United States each year – makes the heart work harder at pushing blood through the body, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue and worsening heart failure. […] The MitraClip procedure is offered at Nebraska Medicine as alternatives for patients considered too frail for traditional open heart surgery, and is often performed on patients in their 80s or 90s. […] The procedure involves a small incision, not open heart surgery. This leads to less blood loss, scarring and less of a chance of infection, while speeding up recovery time.

• #46 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  As your condition progresses, surgery may be the best option to reduce symptoms and lower your risk of serious complications like congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation, which can cause strokes. […] Mitral valve repair can be done in two main ways: Minimally invasive mitral valve repair and Mitral valve clip. […] If mitral valve repair is not an option, your doctor may recommend mitral valve replacement surgery. […] Surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve can often provide a long-term solution for mitral valve regurgitation, offering durable treatment and the potential for returning to a normal life expectancy. […] Trace and mild cases of mitral regurgitation aren’t usually cause for worry, especially in the short term. […] Important signs of mitral regurgitation include shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and swelling in your extremities, and weight gain. […] High blood pressure can also worsen mitral regurgitation, but can be mitigated with medicines and the same lifestyle factors that improve mitral regurgitation.

• #47 Mitral Valve Regurgitation | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/heart/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  We walk you through the process of repairing the mitral valve, which sometimes is necessary when its leaflets becomes floppy, or slip too far out of place. […] The most common symptoms are shortness of breath and sometimes feeling tired as well. […] This condition – impacting about four million people in the United States each year – makes the heart work harder at pushing blood through the body, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue and worsening heart failure. […] The MitraClip procedure is offered at Nebraska Medicine as alternatives for patients considered too frail for traditional open heart surgery, and is often performed on patients in their 80s or 90s. […] The procedure involves a small incision, not open heart surgery. This leads to less blood loss, scarring and less of a chance of infection, while speeding up recovery time.

• #48

  https://www.hcamidwest.com/specialties/cardiology/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  After the clip is placed during your procedure, you shouldn’t drive or lift anything over seven-to-10 pounds for about one week. After one week, you can get back to your normal activities. However, you’ll need to remain on blood thinners for about three months. Your heart care team will give you specific follow-up instructions, but generally you will need to see your interventional cardiologist at the following milestones: One week after the procedure for a wound check, One month for an echocardiogram to see how the valve is working, Six months before going back to your general cardiologist.

• #49 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #50 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  If an annuloplasty ring is implanted, the patient will need short-term anticoagulant therapy until endothelial tissue surrounds the ring. A patient with a condition such as atrial fibrillation may also need anticoagulant therapy. Teach these patients about the anticoagulant and the importance of taking it as prescribed. […] A patient and family may think that because the surgery is only a repair, the postoperative recovery will be uneventful. If so, you need to dispel this myth. Be sure to translate the technical details of surgery. Also, explain the need for an intensive care unit stay and the expectations for the recovery period. Make sure the patient and family know the possible postoperative complications: new-onset atrial fibrillation, delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation, and impaired cardiac output.

• #51 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Mitral Regurgitation The mitral valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the left atrium (LA) […] If the valve should be closed but doesnt close fully regurgitation […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics before any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #52 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #53 Tips for Living With Mitral Regurgitation

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/mitral-regurgitation/living-with-mitral-regurgitation/tips-for-living-with-mr

  Take all your medication as prescribedespecially the diuretics! […] Keep your blood pressure under good control. This is especially important to slow the progression of mild or moderate mitral regurgitation. […] Prevent infection. If you have had a heart valve replaced, your provider may have you take antibiotics before a dental procedure to prevent a heart valve infection. […] See your cardiology team if your symptoms change. […] Talk with your cardiologist about treatment options that are best for you.

• #54 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  To confirm a diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation, a healthcare provider will review your medical history, conduct a thorough physical examination, and listen to your heart using a stethoscope. […] Treatments for mitral valve regurgitation will vary depending on the cause, severity, and sudden onset. Mild or moderate mitral valve regurgitation may not need treatment. However, in some instances, your healthcare provider may recommend several different approaches based on your circumstances. […] After consulting with your doctor, specific dietary and lifestyle changes may be recommended to address underlying factors related to mitral valve regurgitation. A heart-healthy, low-salt diet can help decrease your blood pressure and reduce stress being placed on the heart. […] Your doctor may recommend that you reduce your consumption of alcohol and caffeine. Doctors may also suggest changes to your exercise routine, especially if symptoms worsen during physical activity.

• #55 Tips for Living With Mitral Regurgitation

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/mitral-regurgitation/living-with-mitral-regurgitation/tips-for-living-with-mr

  Take all your medication as prescribedespecially the diuretics! […] Keep your blood pressure under good control. This is especially important to slow the progression of mild or moderate mitral regurgitation. […] Prevent infection. If you have had a heart valve replaced, your provider may have you take antibiotics before a dental procedure to prevent a heart valve infection. […] See your cardiology team if your symptoms change. […] Talk with your cardiologist about treatment options that are best for you.

• #56 Mitral Valve Regurgitation I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-valve/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart, leading to heart failure, atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. […] Drugs prescribed to relieve the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation include diuretics and drugs used to lower blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause mitral valve regurgitation, or aggravate its severity, so lowering blood pressure is often a way to reduce its severity, decrease symptoms and avoid or delay the need for surgery. […] Many people who have mitral valve regurgitation may not require treatment; it depends on severity. Those with mild mitral valve regurgitation rarely require specific treatment. If you have this condition, your physician should regularly monitor you to make sure it does not worsen, or permanently damage or weaken your heart to the point where surgery would not be necessary.

• #57 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.mitral-valve-regurgitation-care-instructions.zc1679

  The mitral valve lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber on the left side of the heart. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve can’t close all the way and blood backs up into the upper chamber of the heart. This causes the heart to work harder to pump the extra blood. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new symptoms or your symptoms get worse. You have new or increased shortness of breath. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have sudden weight gain, such as more than 2 to 3 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week. (Your doctor may suggest a different range of weight gain.) You have new or increased swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet. You are suddenly so tired or weak that you cannot do your usual activities. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you develop new symptoms.

• #58

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1679

  The mitral valve lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber on the left side of the heart. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve can’t close all the way and blood backs up into the upper chamber of the heart. This causes the heart to work harder to pump the extra blood. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have new symptoms or your symptoms get worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you develop new symptoms.

• #59 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #60 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #61 Patient education: Mitral regurgitation (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitral-regurgitation-beyond-the-basics

  Mitral regurgitation (MR), which is also known as mitral insufficiency, is a common heart valve disorder. When MR is present, blood leaks backwards through the mitral valve when the heart contracts. This reduces the amount of blood that is pumped out to the body. […] This topic review discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for people with mitral regurgitation. […] People with mitral regurgitation (MR) should have periodic monitoring to determine if and when treatment is needed. The frequency of repeat echocardiogram depends upon several factors, including the severity of the MR, the size and function of the left ventricle, and the presence of symptoms. […] People with chronic mild to moderate MR usually have no increased risks as a result of pregnancy. In contrast, people with severe MR, especially if they have symptoms or other complications of MR, can be at risk of developing complications during pregnancy.

• #62 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring.

• #63 Mitral Regurgitation: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mitral-regurgitation-pro

  When heart failure has developed, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be considered in patients with advanced MR and severe symptoms, who are not suitable for surgery or have residual symptoms following surgery. Beta-blockers and spironolactone are also appropriate. […] Urgent surgery is indicated in patients with acute severe MR. […] Surgery is indicated in patients with severe chronic primary MR who have symptoms due to chronic MR, but no contra-indications to surgery. […] Valve repair is considered to be the preferred surgical treatment in patients with severe MR. […] When repair is not possible, mitral valve replacement with preservation of the subvalvular apparatus is preferred.

• #64 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring.

• #65 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your mitral valve regurgitation-related health concerns. […] The goals of mitral valve regurgitation treatment are to: Help the heart work better. Reduce symptoms. Prevent complications. […] Some people, especially those with mild regurgitation, might not need treatment. Your health care team considers your symptoms and stage of regurgitation, among other things, when planning treatment. […] Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation may include: Healthy lifestyle changes. Regular health checkups. Medicines to treat symptoms and prevent complications, such as blood clots. Surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] A doctor trained in heart diseases typically provides care for people with mitral valve regurgitation. This type of health care professional is called a cardiologist.

• #66 Mitral Valve Disease/Disorder: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Care

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cardiovascular/conditions/mitral-valve-disorder

  If you have a mitral valve disease diagnosis, are experiencing symptoms of a mitral valve disorder, or have a family history of the condition, the AHN Mitral Valve Program is here to help. Our mitral valve program also holds the highest rating from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons for mitral valve repair and replacement. […] Our team of highly specialized cardiologists, surgeons, nurses, echocardiographers, and clinical coordinators is dedicated to engaging patients through their entire care journey.

• #67 Partners in Care | Mitral Valve Regurgitation treatment at the Texas…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation, also referred to as mitral regurgitation, is a heart condition in which the mitral valve does not close completely, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. […] Treatment options for mitral valve regurgitation are dependent upon the cause and severity of the leakage. When mitral regurgitation becomes severe and begins to cause symptoms of heart failure, your doctor may recommend valve replacement or repair. This procedure can be performed using either open-heart surgery or minimally invasive surgery known as transcatheter mitral valve repair or replacement (TMVR), which involves accessing the valve via an artery in the groin under monitored anesthesia. […] Patients are cared for by a dedicated multidisciplinary care team, meaning the patient will benefit from the expertise of multiple specialists across a variety of disciplines. Our board-certified and fellowship-trained heart surgeons have extensive experience treating patients with heart disease and vascular disorders and work alongside a team of cardiac experts, including cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, electrophysiologists, critical care specialists, hospitalists, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, nurses, advanced practice providers, social workers, psychologists, child life specialists, dietitians, physical and occupational therapists, pharmacists, and more, providing unparalleled care for patients every step of the way. […] We are committed to communicating and coordinating the patients care with referring physicians and other partners in the community to ensure that we are providing comprehensive, whole-person care.

• #68 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  If you have mitral valve regurgitation, consider being treated at a medical center with a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals trained and experienced in evaluating and treating heart valve disease. […] Medicines may be needed to reduce mitral valve regurgitation symptoms and to prevent complications of heart valve disease. […] Types of medicines that may be used for mitral valve regurgitation include: Water pills, also called diuretics. This medicine reduces or prevents fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. Blood thinners, also called anticoagulants. If you have atrial fibrillation due to mitral valve disease, such as mitral valve regurgitation, your health care team may recommend these medicines to prevent blood clots. Blood pressure medicines. High blood pressure makes mitral valve regurgitation worse. If you have mitral valve regurgitation and high blood pressure, you may be given medicines to lower blood pressure.

• #69 Mitral Valve Program | MaineHealth

  https://www.mainehealth.org/care-services/heart-care-cardiovascular-care/cardiovascular-surgery/mitral-valve-program

  In patients with mitral valve regurgitation, the flaps (leaflets) of the mitral valve do not close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium. […] In recent years, clinical trials have indicated that early treatment of mitral valve regurgitation by specialized heart teams, before the heart weakens, can help improve patient outcomes. […] Our multidisciplinary team of specialists in cardiology, interventional cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery and specialized imaging focuses on the care of patients with mitral valve disease. […] Patients who are candidates for mitral valve repair are carefully evaluated to determine which approach is appropriate for them. […] We provide patients with advanced valve disease a comprehensive assessment of valve function before beginning appropriate treatment.

• #70 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #71 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #72 Mitral Valve Disease/Disorder: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Care

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cardiovascular/conditions/mitral-valve-disorder

  If you have a mitral valve disease diagnosis, are experiencing symptoms of a mitral valve disorder, or have a family history of the condition, the AHN Mitral Valve Program is here to help. Our mitral valve program also holds the highest rating from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons for mitral valve repair and replacement. […] Our team of highly specialized cardiologists, surgeons, nurses, echocardiographers, and clinical coordinators is dedicated to engaging patients through their entire care journey.

• #73 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival. […] For the patient with acute mitral regurgitation (MR), the electrocardiogram should be examined closely for evidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

• #74 Mitral Valve Program | MaineHealth

  https://www.mainehealth.org/care-services/heart-care-cardiovascular-care/cardiovascular-surgery/mitral-valve-program

  Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on the severity and cause of your condition. […] Several surgical procedures exist to repair or replace mitral valves, including open-heart surgery or minimally invasive heart surgery. […] The MitraClip procedure offers these patients a minimally-invasive option that can significantly improve their symptoms. […] After surgery, most patients stay one to two days in the intensive care unit and two to four days on the cardiac post-operative floor. […] A discharge coordinator will help arrange any post discharge services that may be needed such as nursing care. […] Our care team will provide clear instructions prior to the discharge home or to rehabilitation as well as a follow-up appointment with your surgeon and cardiologist.

• #75 Mitral Valve Regurgitation | Clinical Heart and Vascular Center | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-regurgitation/

  UT Southwestern Medical Centers heart specialists have the skill, experience, and advanced techniques and technologies needed to expertly diagnose and treat mitral valve regurgitation (mitral insufficiency) and improve quality of life. […] Our Heart and Vascular Center is one of the nations leading programs, offering a variety of treatments for mitral valve regurgitation, including minimally invasive surgery and catheter-based treatments. […] UT Southwesterns heart surgeons are experts in minimally invasive approaches to valve surgery. […] UT Southwestern also offers a dedicated Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Cardiac rehabilitation is a critical component of recovery and can prevent future heart disease. […] Treatment options for people with mitral insufficiency include: […] Medications: To relieve symptoms, diuretics to reduce congestion and volume overload; vasodilators to treat acute symptoms; antibiotics if the valve is infected; or anticoagulants to prevent clot formation if atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm) is present. […] Mitral valve repair: To eliminate foreign valve placement and lessen the need for ongoing anticoagulation drugs. […] Mitral valve replacement: If repair is not possible, the valve may be replaced with a tissue or mechanical valve.

• #76 Mitral Valve Program | MaineHealth

  https://www.mainehealth.org/care-services/heart-care-cardiovascular-care/cardiovascular-surgery/mitral-valve-program

  Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on the severity and cause of your condition. […] Several surgical procedures exist to repair or replace mitral valves, including open-heart surgery or minimally invasive heart surgery. […] The MitraClip procedure offers these patients a minimally-invasive option that can significantly improve their symptoms. […] After surgery, most patients stay one to two days in the intensive care unit and two to four days on the cardiac post-operative floor. […] A discharge coordinator will help arrange any post discharge services that may be needed such as nursing care. […] Our care team will provide clear instructions prior to the discharge home or to rehabilitation as well as a follow-up appointment with your surgeon and cardiologist.

• #77 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival. […] For the patient with acute mitral regurgitation (MR), the electrocardiogram should be examined closely for evidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

• #78 Mitral Valve Regurgitation

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/134,557

  Mitral valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. […] If you have mild or moderate mitral valve regurgitation, you may not need any treatment. Your health care provider may just choose to watch your condition. […] Surgery may be needed with severe mitral valve regurgitation. Surgery is often needed right away for acute severe mitral valve regurgitation. […] You’ll need to see your health care provider for regular monitoring. […] If you notice your symptoms are slowly getting worse, plan to see your health care provider. You may need surgery or a medicine change. […] See your health care provider for regular checkups to monitor your condition. If your symptoms get worse or become severe, see your provider right away.

• #79 Patient education: Mitral regurgitation (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitral-regurgitation-beyond-the-basics

  Mitral regurgitation (MR), which is also known as mitral insufficiency, is a common heart valve disorder. When MR is present, blood leaks backwards through the mitral valve when the heart contracts. This reduces the amount of blood that is pumped out to the body. […] This topic review discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for people with mitral regurgitation. […] People with mitral regurgitation (MR) should have periodic monitoring to determine if and when treatment is needed. The frequency of repeat echocardiogram depends upon several factors, including the severity of the MR, the size and function of the left ventricle, and the presence of symptoms. […] People with chronic mild to moderate MR usually have no increased risks as a result of pregnancy. In contrast, people with severe MR, especially if they have symptoms or other complications of MR, can be at risk of developing complications during pregnancy.

• #80 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Medical complications of mitral regurgitation (MR) may include the following: Pulmonary edema, Congestive heart failure, Irreversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, Thromboembolism resulting from atrial fibrillation. […] Surgical complications may include the following: Operative risks include infection, bleeding, intraoperative myocardial infarction, and stroke.

• #81 Mitral valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350178

  Mitral valve regurgitation care at Mayo Clinic […] Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation may include regular health checkups, medicines or surgery. […] Severe mitral valve regurgitation often requires a catheter procedure or heart surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] If you have symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, make an appointment for a health checkup. […] You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist. […] Potential complications of severe mitral valve regurgitation include: […] Congestive heart failure. In severe mitral valve regurgitation, the heart has to work harder to pump enough blood to the body. […] Mitral valve regurgitation complications often depend on the severity of disease. Mild mitral valve regurgitation usually does not cause any problems.

• #82 Mitral Valve Regurgitation I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-valve/mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart, leading to heart failure, atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. […] Drugs prescribed to relieve the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation include diuretics and drugs used to lower blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause mitral valve regurgitation, or aggravate its severity, so lowering blood pressure is often a way to reduce its severity, decrease symptoms and avoid or delay the need for surgery. […] Many people who have mitral valve regurgitation may not require treatment; it depends on severity. Those with mild mitral valve regurgitation rarely require specific treatment. If you have this condition, your physician should regularly monitor you to make sure it does not worsen, or permanently damage or weaken your heart to the point where surgery would not be necessary.

• #83 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Medical complications of mitral regurgitation (MR) may include the following: Pulmonary edema, Congestive heart failure, Irreversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, Thromboembolism resulting from atrial fibrillation. […] Surgical complications may include the following: Operative risks include infection, bleeding, intraoperative myocardial infarction, and stroke.

• #84 Mitral regurgitation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/322

  Mitral regurgitation (MR) may present with dyspnea, usually on exertion, palpitations, and/or decreased exercise tolerance. […] Management options include surgical repair or replacement and transcatheter mitral valve repair; the risks and benefits of interventional options should be individually evaluated for each patient. […] The most common complications of surgical treatment are failure of repair, prosthetic valve stenosis, endocarditis, and mitral valve patient-prosthesis mismatch.

• #85 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #86 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-care-of-clients-with-valvular-disorders/14046874

  6. Treatment options for mitral regurgitation include medications such as diuretics and anticoagulants, as well as surgical interventions like mitral valve replacement or valvuloplasty. […] […] 7. Nursing care for patients with mitral regurgitation involves educating them about their diagnosis, the progressive nature of valvular heart disease, and the importance of reporting any new symptoms or changes in symptoms. […] […] 8. Patients should be taught to weigh themselves daily and report any significant weight gain, as this may indicate fluid retention associated with heart failure. […] […] 9. It is essential to emphasize the need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedures to prevent endocarditis. […] […] 10. Nursing assessments should include monitoring vital signs, auscultating heart and lung sounds, and assessing for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue and dyspnea. […]

• #87 Mitral valve repair: A new choice

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitral-valve-repair-a-new-choice/

  Postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing valve repair is similar to nursing care for other cardiothoracic surgeries. During the acute recovery phase, you monitor the patient for unstable hemodynamic values, bleeding, arrhythmias, surgical-site infection, and complications from mechanical ventilation. […] The risk of postoperative complications is lower than or similar to the risk after valve replacement. Patients who have mitral valve repair for ischemic coronary artery disease face the same risk of bleeding and stroke as those who have valve replacement. A patients risk of atrial fibrillation is 27% for either procedure. […] The stress of surgery and hospitalization makes it likely that patients and families will forget much of what you teach them preoperatively. Anticipate repeating the details of the valve repair during this emotionally intense period.

• #88 Mitral Valve Care | Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement for Mitral Regurgitation near Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/heart-and-vascular-services/conditions-and-treatments/heart-valve-disease/mitral-regurgitation

  Each patient with mitral regurgitation is different. Therefore, our heart and vascular specialists will take the time to design an individualized treatment plan that is ideal for your particular heart valve condition. […] If you have mild mitral regurgitation, we may recommend medications, close monitoring and frequent echocardiograms. However, since mitral valve regurgitation is a mechanical issue, a repair or total replacement is often the best treatment option. […] Our heart surgeons are experienced in both minimally invasive and mitral valve surgery techniques, including an innovative procedure called MitraClip. […] In the event you have a severe mitral regurgitation that is more serious and requires a total mitral valve replacement surgery, we can use a mechanical valve or tissue valve.

• #89 Mitral Valve Regurgitation | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/mitral-regurgitation

  Mitral regurgitation, a heart valve disease also known as mitral insufficiency occurs when the two leaves of the valve do not seal correctly and allow blood to flow backward through the left atrium into the lungs. […] Our team in the Structural Heart and Valvular Disease Program has the expertise to treat mitral regurgitation with medication and surgery, offering the latest minimally invasive techniques. Without treatment, severe mitral regurgitation can cause arrhythmia or heart failure. […] Diagnosing mitral regurgitation is the first step to developing a treatment plan. Our specialists may recommend one or more diagnostic and imaging procedures. […] Our heart and vascular teams work together and with other specialties to develop and implement individualized plans to treat your unique condition. Severe mitral regurgitation may require surgical correction, such as a MitraClip, or other advanced treatments. […] Mitral valve disease treatments may include medication, minimally invasive procedures, and surgery to treat a damaged valve. […] Percutaneous valve procedures use catheter-based methods to replace a damaged heart valve and are less invasive than traditional open-heart surgeries.

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