Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism/symptoms-causes/syc-20351645

  Hypopituitarism is when there isn’t enough of one or more of the pituitary hormones. This lack of hormones, called a deficiency, can affect how the body works in many ways. These include growth, blood pressure and the ability to have children, among others. Symptoms depend on which hormones are missing. […] The symptoms of hypopituitarism usually start slowly and get worse over time. They might not be noticed for months or even years. But for some people, symptoms start suddenly. […] Symptoms of hypopituitarism vary from person to person. Symptoms depend on what hormones are missing and how little of the hormone is being made. There might be more than one hormone that’s low. A second hormone deficiency might increase the symptoms of the first one. Or sometimes, it might hide those symptoms.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278989/

  The clinical impact of pituitary insufficiency is dependent on the extent and severity of hormone deficiencies, the duration of the disease and the age of onset; childhood onset hypopituitarism has consequences for all aspects of somatic development in addition to the pathophysiological effects of specific hormonal deficiencies. In addition, there may be clinical features relating to the mass effect of causative lesion or specific consequences attributable to hypersecretion of prolactin, GH, ACTH or TSH from individual tumor types. Hypopituitarism classically develops in sequential order with the secretion of growth hormone, then gonadotrophins being affected first, subsequently followed by TSH and ACTH. Prolactin deficiency is rarely seen, except in Sheehan’s syndrome which is associated with failure of lactation. ADH deficiency is almost never seen as a primary feature of pituitary adenomas but is a usual presenting manifestation of germ cell tumors, pituitary metastases, and granulomatous disorders.

• #1 Hypopituitarism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypopituitarism-pro

  Symptoms depend on the degree of hormone depletion and the rapidity of onset. Hypopituitarism is usually a mixture of several hormonal deficiencies but rarely involves all the pituitary hormones. Hypopituitarism is usually chronic and lifelong, unless successful surgery or medical treatment of the underlying disorder can restore pituitary function. […] Presentation varies from asymptomatic to acute pituitary failure with acute collapse and coma. This is dependent on the aetiology, rapidity of onset, and predominant hormones involved. […] Initially, a patient with any hormone deficiency may be asymptomatic. Presentation is often triggered by a stressful event such as infection or trauma. […] May present with endocrine dysfunction: […] Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency: […] Chronic: fatigue, pallor, anorexia, weight loss.

• #1 Generalized Hypopituitarism – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/generalized-hypopituitarism

  Symptoms and signs relate to the underlying disorder and to the specific pituitary hormones that are deficient or absent. Onset is usually insidious and may not be recognized by the patient; occasionally, onset is sudden or dramatic. […] Most commonly, growth hormone (GH) is lost first, then gonadotropins, and finally thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Vasopressin deficiency (causing arginine vasopressin deficiency) is rare in primary pituitary disorders but is common with lesions of the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus. Function of all target glands decreases when all hormones are deficient (panhypopituitarism). […] Lack of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in children leads to delayed puberty. Premenopausal women develop amenorrhea, reduced libido, regression of secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility. Men develop erectile dysfunction, testicular atrophy, reduced libido, regression of secondary sexual characteristics, and decreased spermatogenesis with consequent infertility.

• #1 Hypopituitarism: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000343.htm

  Symptoms may develop slowly and may vary greatly, depending upon: The number of hormones that are missing and the organs they affect, The severity of the disorder. […] Hypopituitarism is usually permanent. It requires lifelong treatment with one or more medicines. But you can expect a normal life span. […] In children, hypopituitarism due to a tumor may improve if the tumor is removed by surgery.

• #1 Panhypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23935-panhypopituitarism

  Panhypopituitarism causes many different symptoms. […] Panhypopituitarism causes several symptoms since all of your pituitary hormone levels are lower than what they should be. […] The signs and symptoms of panhypopituitarism vary widely based on how much of each of the pituitary hormones is lacking and whether the condition develops rapidly or slowly. […] Symptoms of panhypopituitarism that children and adults can have include: Nausea or dizziness, Fatigue, Depression and/or anxiety, Frequent infections, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), Sensitivity to cold, Unusually dry skin, Unexplained weight loss or weight gain, Irregular lipid and cholesterol levels (dyslipidemia), Fast heart rate (tachycardia), Excessive thirst and excessive urination, Irregular menstruation (periods), Female infertility, Male infertility.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  Symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on what hormone is deficient and may include short height, infertility, intolerance to cold, fatigue, and an inability to produce breast milk. […] Symptoms depend on which pituitary hormones are deficient. Although symptoms sometimes begin suddenly and dramatically, they usually begin gradually and may go unrecognized for a long time. […] In some cases, the pituitary gland’s production of a single hormone decreases. More typically, the levels of several hormones decrease at the same time (panhypopituitarism). Production of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone often decreases before that of thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. […] In children, a lack of growth hormone typically leads to poor overall growth and short height. In adults, growth hormone deficiency does not affect height, because the bones have finished growing. Adults may have symptoms that are not specific to growth hormone deficiency such as low energy, body composition changes such as more fat and less muscle, and changes in their cholesterol levels.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism/symptoms-causes/syc-20351645

  In children, GH deficiency can cause growth problems and short stature. Most adults who have GH deficiency don’t have symptoms. But some adults have: Fatigue. Muscle weakness. Changes in body fat. Loss of interest in activities. Lack of social contacts. […] A lack of these hormones, called gonadotropins, affects the reproductive system. The lack of hormones keeps the ovaries from making enough eggs and estrogen. It keeps the testicles from making enough sperm and testosterone. This can lower sex drive and cause tiredness. It also can make it hard or impossible to have children a condition called infertility. In children, the physical changes to an adult body, known as puberty, may not occur or may be late. […] This hormone controls the thyroid gland. Too little TSH leads to low levels of thyroid hormones. This condition is called hypothyroidism. It causes symptoms such as: Tiredness. Weight gain. Dry skin. Constipation. Sensitivity to cold or trouble staying warm.

• #1 Hypopituitarism Treatment & Causes | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/hypopituitarism/

  Hypopituitarism (an underactive pituitary gland) is rare in children. When a child has hypopituitarism, the pituitary gland has lost its ability to make one, some or all pituitary hormones. The condition is often permanent, but very treatable. […] Signs and symptoms vary, depending on which hormones are lacking and the childs age. Common symptoms in newborns: Symptoms of low blood sugar, sluggishness, jitteriness, seizures. A lot of urine. Penis is small. Skin is yellow (jaundice). […] Common symptoms in older infants and children: Stunted growth, short stature (based on growth curve chart). Weight gain doesnt match growth in height. Slow sexual development; menstrual periods may stop or be irregular. Tooth development and eruption are delayed. Thirst and urination are increased. Fatigue, low tolerance for stress. […] Some hormone deficiencies cause complications over time. Our experienced doctors help you understand any long-term or serious effects of the missing hormones. For example: A child lacking growth hormone grows slowly or not at all and has more body fat. Bones and muscles are affected, too.

• #1 Hypopituitarism in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hypopituitarism

  Hypopituitarism occurs when the anterior (front) lobe of the pituitary gland loses its ability to make hormones. The resulting symptoms depend on which hormones are no longer being produced by the gland. […] Because the pituitary gland affects the other endocrine organs, symptoms and effects of hypopituitarism may be gradual, or sudden and dramatic. […] Symptoms will vary depending on two things: which hormones are lacking and your child’s age. Symptoms that newborn babies may have include: A small penis, Jaundice (a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin), Evidence of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), such as sluggishness, jitteriness or seizures, Excessive amounts of urine. […] Older infants and children may have these symptoms: Short stature and slow growth (children who fall off their growth curve in height), Weight gain that’s out of proportion to growth, Absent or delayed puberty, Delayed tooth development and delayed tooth eruption, Increased thirst and urination, Fatigue.

• #1 Hypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22102-hypopituitarism

  Common symptoms of hypopituitarism are fatigue, loss of muscle mass and loss of libido. […] Symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormone is lacking. Some common ones are fatigue, loss of muscle and low libido. […] The condition can happen suddenly after an injury or develop slowly over months or years. People with it often need to take medication for the rest of their lives to manage symptoms. […] The symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormone(s) is deficient (lacking). […] Symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in adults include fatigue, reduced sense of well-being, decreased sexual function and sexual interest, higher amount of body fat, particularly around the waist, sensitivity to heat and cold, decreased muscle mass, and decreased strength and stamina when exercising.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism

  Growth hormone (GH) deficiency leads to a decrease in muscle mass, central obesity (increase in body fat around the waist) and impaired attention and memory. Children experience growth retardation and short stature. […] Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency leads to adrenal insufficiency, a lack of production of glucocorticoids such as cortisol by the adrenal gland. If the problem is chronic, symptoms consist of fatigue, weight loss, failure to thrive (in children), delayed puberty (in adolescents), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), anemia and hyponatremia (low sodium levels). […] Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency leads to hypothyroidism (lack of production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid). Typical symptoms are tiredness, intolerance to cold, constipation, weight gain, hair loss and slowed thinking, as well as a slowed heart rate and low blood pressure. […] Hypopituitarism is usually permanent. It requires lifelong treatment with one or more medicines.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  In premenopausal women, deficiencies of gonadotropins cause menstrual periods to stop (amenorrhea), infertility, vaginal dryness, and loss of some female sexual characteristics. […] In men, deficiencies of these hormones result in wasting away (atrophy) of the testes, decreased sperm production and consequent infertility, erectile dysfunction, and loss of some male sexual characteristics. […] Thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency leads to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), which results in such symptoms as confusion, intolerance to cold, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin. […] Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency leads to an underactive adrenal gland (Addison disease), which results in fatigue, low blood pressure, low levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, and low tolerance for stress. This is the most serious pituitary hormone deficiency. If the body is unable to make any ACTH, the person may die.

• #1 Hypopituitarism

  https://healthlibrary.uwmedicine.org/SummerHeat/85,P00411

  Symptoms are different for each person. They may happen over time or right away. They depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of. These hormone deficiencies, and the symptoms they cause, include: […] Not enough gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone). This affects men and women who have not gone through menopause. Women may not have a menstrual period. They may have problems with fertility, vaginal dryness, and loss of some female traits. Men may have problems with fertility, sexual dysfunction, and loss of some male traits. Children will not go through puberty. […] Not enough growth hormone. Adults with this problem may lose bone and muscle mass. In children, it can lead to stunted growth and dwarfism. […] Not enough thyroid-stimulating hormone. This often leads to an underactive thyroid. It may cause lack of energy (fatigue), confusion, problems with cold temperatures, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin.

• #1 Hypopituitarism | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/pituitary-disorders/hypopituitarism

  You will typically experience hypopituitarism symptoms associated with the underproduction of specific hormones. […] The main hormones affected by hypopituitarism include adrenocorticotropic, anti-diuretic, thyroid-stimulating, prolactin, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating. […] Nausea, confusion, vomiting, fatigue, stomach pain, low blood pressure, regular infections, sustained infections, and fainting are symptoms associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). […] Severe dehydration, electrolyte deficiency, electrolyte surplus, and extreme increase in urination are symptoms associated with anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). […] Dry skin, tiredness, sensitivity to cold, weight increase, and constipation are symptoms associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). […] Men and women may exhibit symptoms such as reduced sex drive, fatigue, infertility, delayed puberty, and vision issues associated with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). […] Women may experience symptoms including pubic hair loss, irregular menstruation, no menstruation, hot flashes, loss of ability to make breast milk, and decrease in estrogen. […] Men may experience erectile dysfunction, reduced facial hair, reduced body hair, and mood swings.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Pituitary Foundation

  https://www.pituitary.org.uk/information/hypopituitarism/

  The symptoms of hypopituitarism relate to the loss of one or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary. Decrease in the production of only one hormone would lead to a number of symptoms, but would not result in all the symptoms listed. The specific symptoms an individual experiences would be dependent on which hormones are lost. […] excessive tiredness and decreased energy […] muscle weakness […] reduced body hair […] irregular periods (oligomenorrhoea) or loss of normal menstrual function (amenorrhoea) females […] impotence males […] reduced fertility […] decrease in sex drive […] weight gain or loss […] increased sensitivity to cold […] constipation or loose motions […] nausea and loss of appetite […] dry skin […] pale appearance […] low blood pressure and dizziness on standing (postural hypotension) Excessive urination and dry mouth (AVP Deficiency, formally (Diabetes Insipidus)

• #1 Hypopituitary: Pituitary Gland Disorder Causes & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/hypopituitary

  Some people may have no symptoms or a gradual onset of symptoms. In other people, the symptoms may be sudden and dramatic. The symptoms depend on the cause, how fast they come on, and the hormone that is involved. […] ACTH deficiency: Symptoms include fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, weakness, depression, nausea, or vomiting. […] TSH deficiency: Symptoms include constipation, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, decreased energy, and muscle weakness or aching. […] FSH and LH deficiency: In women, symptoms include irregular or stopped menstrual periods and infertility. In men, symptoms include loss of body and facial hair, weakness, lack of interest in sexual activity, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. […] GH deficiency: In children, symptoms include short height, fat around the waist and in the face, and poor overall growth. In adults, symptoms include low energy, decreased strength and exercise tolerance, weight gain, decreased muscle mass, and feelings of anxiety or depression.

• #1 Generalized Hypopituitarism – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/generalized-hypopituitarism

  TSH deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, with such symptoms as facial puffiness, hoarse voice, bradycardia, and cold intolerance. […] ACTH deficiency results in hypoadrenalism with attendant fatigue, hypotension, and intolerance to stress and infection. […] Hypothalamic lesions, which can result in hypopituitarism, can also disturb the centers that control appetite, causing a syndrome resembling anorexia nervosa, or sometimes hyperphagia with massive obesity. […] Sheehan syndrome, which affects postpartum women, is pituitary necrosis due to hypovolemia and shock occurring in the immediate peripartum period. Lactation does not start after childbirth, and the patient may complain of fatigue and loss of pubic and axillary hair. […] Pituitary apoplexy is a symptom complex caused by hemorrhagic infarction of either a normal pituitary gland or, more commonly, a pituitary tumor. Acute symptoms include severe headache, stiff neck, fever, visual field defects, and oculomotor palsies. The resulting edema may compress the hypothalamus, resulting in somnolence or coma. Varying degrees of hypopituitarism may develop suddenly, and the patient may present with vascular collapse because of deficient ACTH and cortisol.

• #1 Hypopituitarism | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/hypopituitarism

  Low levels of oxytocin can make it difficult to empathize and interact with others. New parents may have a hard time bonding with their baby and new mothers could experience insufficient breast milk production. […] Prolactin deficiency can make it difficult for new mothers to produce enough breast milk after giving birth. […] Insufficient levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone can cause newborns to have a low body temperature, a hoarse cry, reduced muscle tone and a bulging stomach. Children and adults may experience fatigue, depression, muscle weakness, thinning hair, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain and increased cold sensitivity. Women may notice irregular or heavy periods.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism/symptoms-causes/syc-20351645

  This hormone helps the adrenal glands work correctly. It also helps the body react to stress. Symptoms of ACTH deficiency include: Severe tiredness. Low blood pressure. Many and lasting infections. Nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain. Confusion. […] This hormone, which also is called vasopressin, helps the body balance its fluid levels. An ADH deficiency can lead to a disorder called diabetes insipidus, which can cause: Urinating more than usual. Extreme thirst. Imbalances in minerals such as sodium and potassium, known as electrolytes. […] Prolactin is the hormone that tells the body when to start making breast milk. Low levels of prolactin can cause problems with making milk for breastfeeding.

• #1 Hypopituitarism

  https://healthlibrary.uwmedicine.org/SummerHeat/85,P00411

  Not enough ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone). This is rare. Your pituitary gland may not secrete ACTH if you have been taking adrenal steroid hormones and stop taking them suddenly. It leads to an underactive adrenal gland. You may have low blood pressure, low blood sugar, feel tired, and be easily stressed. […] Not enough prolactin. This is rare. Women who lack this hormone may not be able to make breastmilk after childbirth. […] Not enough antidiuretic hormone (also called vasopressin). This leads to increased urine output and thirst. […] Symptoms depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of.

• #1 Hypopituitarism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/endocrine-health/hypopituitarism

  Diabetes insipidus: This condition is associated with a deficiency in ADH. A person may experience excessive thirst, dehydration, fever, delayed growth, excessive urination, irritability, and more. […] Your pituitary controls many bodily functions through the hormones it releases. When it does not release enough of one or more of these hormones, you develop hypopituitarism. This can be caused by many things, and the symptoms and treatment will vary depending on the affected hormone.

• #1 Hypopituitary: Pituitary Gland Disorder Causes & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/hypopituitary

  Prolactin deficiency: In women, symptoms include lack of milk production. It may cause sexual dysfunction in men. […] ADH deficiency: Symptoms include increased thirst and urination. […] Oxytocin hormone deficiency: Women may have a hard time breastfeeding because of difficulty with milk letdown. Low oxytocin may also trigger symptoms of depression.

• #1 Panhypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23935-panhypopituitarism

  Additional symptoms of panhypopituitarism that are specific to infants, children and/or adolescents include: Prolonged jaundice in newborns, Small penis in male infants (micropenis), Slowed growth, Delayed puberty. […] Panhypopituitarism can be life-threatening, especially if you have a significant deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin). […] Signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis include: Fever, Weakness, Confusion, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Fast heart rate (tachycardia), Vomiting, Diarrhea, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). […] In some cases, panhypopituitarism is reversible by treatment of the underlying cause, such as surgically removing a pituitary adenoma that was compressing the pituitary gland without causing damage. But in most cases, the hormone deficiencies from panhypopituitarism require lifelong treatment.

• #1 Hypopituitarism | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypopituitarism

  Hypopituitarism can develop suddenly after surgery, injury, or bleeding, or very slowly, over several months or even over several years. […] Symptoms can include one or more of the following: […] In children, problems with growth (including height) and sexual development. […] Treatment of the underlying cause of hypopituitarism is important. Many times, hormones need to be given for life. However, many patients with hypopituitarism do not feel completely well even when they take the recommended hormone therapy.

• #1 Hypopituitarism Causes & Symptoms + 8 Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/hypopituitarism/

  The progressive loss of pituitary hormone secretion is usually a slow process. It can occur over a period of months or years. However, occasionally hypopituitarism does start suddenly with a rapid onset of symptoms. Generally, growth hormone is lost first. Then luteinizing hormone deficiency occurs. The loss of follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropin hormones and prolactin typically follow much later.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  Prolactin deficiency reduces or eliminates a woman’s ability to produce breast milk after childbirth. […] The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain near the pituitary gland. It produces hormones and nerve impulses that control the pituitary gland. Thus, tumors that affect the hypothalamus may cause deficiencies of pituitary hormones. […] Pituitary apoplexy is a group of symptoms caused when blood flow to the pituitary is blocked, resulting in tissue destruction and bleeding. Most often, pituitary apoplexy occurs in a person who has a pituitary tumor. Symptoms include severe headache, stiff neck, fever, visual field defects, and problems with eye movements. The bleeding causes swelling of the pituitary, which presses on the hypothalamus, resulting in sleepiness or coma. The pituitary may suddenly stop producing hormones, especially ACTH, leading to low blood pressure and low levels of glucose in the blood.

• #1 Hypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22102-hypopituitarism

  Symptoms of thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency in children and adults are similar to symptoms of hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid. […] Symptoms of ACTH deficiency in children and adults include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, hypoglycemia, and confusion. […] The outlook varies and depends on how old you were when your symptoms began, what caused your condition, how much your affected hormone(s) are lacking, and how your body responds to treatment. […] While many people with hypopituitarism lead healthy lives, long-term pituitary damage can lower your life expectancy compared to people without the condition of the same age. […] Although it’s not as common, a sudden and severe onset of hypopituitarism can result in a medical emergency and death if it’s not treated.

• #1 Pediatric Hypopituitarism Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/922410-clinical

  The clinical presentation of hypopituitarism, which widely varies, depends on the patient’s age, the etiology, and the specific hormone deficiencies, which may occur as isolated deficiencies or in various combinations of MPHD. Presenting signs and symptoms may develop insidiously and can be nonspecific, requiring a high index of suspicion. […] Most neonates with hypopituitarism have normal or even high birth weights and lengths and no history of intrauterine growth retardation. However, they often have histories of breech presentation (particularly neonates with MPHD), although the explanation for this is unclear. Microgenitalia, mainly in males, may result from a gonadotropin deficiency or from GH deficiency. […] The hypoglycemia risk is higher in neonates with hypopituitarism, with various manifesting symptoms, such as lethargy, jitteriness, pallor, cyanosis, apnea, or convulsions. Jaundice may be secondary to indirect hyperbilirubinemia (as occurs in TSH axis deficiency) or to direct hyperbilirubinemia (as occurs in GH or ACTH axis deficiencies).

• #1 Panhypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23935-panhypopituitarism

  Panhypopituitarism is associated with significant decreases in quality of life and life expectancy. […] People with panhypopituitarism often develop obesity, decreased lean body mass and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. People with panhypopituitarism may also have an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.

• #1 Hypopituitarism in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypopituitarism-children

  Hypopituitarism is a condition in which the pituitary gland in the brain is not working properly. Effects of hypopituitarism may be gradual, or sudden and dramatic. […] Symptoms vary depending on what hormones are insufficiently produced from the pituitary gland. The symptoms of hypopituitarism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Common symptoms include: Small penis in males, Very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), Slowed growth and short stature, Slowed sexual development, Prolonged jaundice at birth, Poor appetite, Weight loss or weight gain, Sensitivity to cold, Facial puffiness. […] Treatment of hypopituitarism depends on its cause. The goal of treatment is to restore the pituitary gland to normal function, producing normal levels of hormones.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351648

  Hypopituitarism is treated with medicines that raise hormone levels. This is called hormone replacement. Doses are set to match the amount of hormones that the body would make if it didn’t have a pituitary problem. In some cases, people with hypopituitarism may need to take this medicine for the rest of their lives. […] Sometimes, treatment of a condition causing hypopituitarism may restore the body’s ability to make pituitary hormones, either fully or in part. […] A specialist in endocrine disorders, called an endocrinologist, may keep an eye on symptoms and hormone levels in the blood. This is to ensure that the right amount of medicine is given. […] People who take cortisol replacement need to work with a health care provider to adjust the dose during times of major stress. Under stress, the body usually makes extra cortisol to help manage the stress.

• #1 Hypopituitarism – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351648

  If a tumor in or around the pituitary gland is the cause of hypopituitarism, surgery might be needed to remove the growth. Some tumors also can be treated with medicines or radiation therapy. […] People with hypopituitarism need to wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace and carry a card telling others of the condition. This is especially important for those taking cortisol replacement for a lack of ACTH.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000343.htm

  Hypopituitarism is a condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones. […] In hypopituitarism, there is a lack of one or more pituitary hormones. Lack of a hormone leads to loss of function in the gland or organ the hormone controls. For example, lack of TSH leads to loss of normal function of the thyroid gland. […] Symptoms of hypopituitarism include any of the following (multiple symptoms are common): Abdominal pain, Decreased appetite, Lack of sex drive (libido) in men or women, Dizziness or fainting, Erection problems, Excessive urination and thirst (including frequent urination at night), Failure to release milk (in women), Fatigue, weakness, Headache, Infertility, Irregular or absent menstrual periods, Loss of armpit or pubic hair, Loss of the body or facial hair (in men), Low blood pressure, Low blood sugar, Sensitivity to cold, Short height (less than 5 feet or 1.5 meters) if onset is during the childhood growth period, Slowed growth and sexual development (in children), Vision problems, Weight loss.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypopituitarism

  Hypopituitarism can develop suddenly after surgery, injury, or bleeding, or very slowly, over several months or even over several years. […] Symptoms can include one or more of the following: […] In children, problems with growth (including height) and sexual development. […] Treatment of the underlying cause of hypopituitarism is important. Many times, hormones need to be given for life. However, many patients with hypopituitarism do not feel completely well even when they take the recommended hormone therapy.

• #2 Hypopituitarism in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/h/hypopituitarism-in-children.html

  Hypopituitarism means that the pituitary gland is not making enough hormones. The effects of hypopituitarism may happen slowly over time, or they can appear more quickly. […] Symptoms vary and depend on which hormones are most affected. Common symptoms include: A small penis in a newborn boy, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), Slow growth, Short height, Late or no sexual maturity, Yellow tint to skin and eyes (jaundice) at birth, Low appetite, Weight loss or weight gain, Sensitivity to cold, Puffy face, Severe headache and double vision if the injury to the pituitary is sudden. […] Common symptoms include slow growth, short height, and late or no sexual maturity. […] Possible complications of the condition depend on which hormones are not being made. The most common problems for children include slow growth and late sexual development. […] Hypopituitarism is a lifelong condition. But with ongoing treatment, a child can have a full, healthy life.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Hypothalamus and Pituitary Diseases – Endocrinology – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.8.3.

  Hypopituitarism refers to a syndrome caused by deficiency of 1 pituitary hormone, which can result from pituitary or hypothalamic disease (deficiency of pituitary hormonereleasing hormones). […] Clinical features of hypopituitarism vary depending on the cause, patients age, speed of onset, affected pituitary hormones, and magnitude of hormone deficiency, and they are often nonspecific at early stages. […] Symptoms related to the underlying cause of hypopituitarism (sellar masses/tumors), such as bitemporal hemianopsia due to compression of the optic chiasm or diplopia due to invasion of the cavernous sinus, headache, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage may also be present. […] In patients with pituitary apoplexy (sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland), features may also include sudden-onset headache, nausea, vomiting, and confusion, which result from elevated intracranial pressure; visual disturbances resulting from compression of the optic chiasm and oculomotor nerves; paralysis of extraocular muscles caused by a hemorrhage to the cavernous sinus; and symptoms and signs of hypopituitarism.

• #2 Clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-hypopituitarism

  The presentation of hypopituitarism can be considered as the presentation of deficiency of each anterior pituitary hormone. The presentations of patients with deficiencies of those hormones that control target glands are often similar to the presentations of patients with primary deficiencies of the target gland hormones they control, with some notable exceptions. […] Damage to the anterior pituitary can occur suddenly or slowly, can be mild or severe, and can affect the secretion of one, several, or all of its hormones. As a result, the clinical presentation of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies varies, depending upon the following factors: […] The rapidity with which a disease affects anterior pituitary cells. Some diseases, such as pituitary apoplexy, develop rapidly, causing sudden impairment of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion and, consequently, sudden onset of symptoms of cortisol deficiency. Other insults, such as radiation therapy to the pituitary or hypothalamus, usually act slowly, causing symptoms many months or, more likely, years later. […] Complete ACTH and cortisol deficiency, as an example, can cause symptoms under basal circumstances, while partial ACTH deficiency may cause symptoms only during times of physical stress.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Pituitary Foundation

  https://www.pituitary.org.uk/information/hypopituitarism/

  The symptoms of hypopituitarism relate to the loss of one or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary. Decrease in the production of only one hormone would lead to a number of symptoms, but would not result in all the symptoms listed. The specific symptoms an individual experiences would be dependent on which hormones are lost. […] excessive tiredness and decreased energy […] muscle weakness […] reduced body hair […] irregular periods (oligomenorrhoea) or loss of normal menstrual function (amenorrhoea) females […] impotence males […] reduced fertility […] decrease in sex drive […] weight gain or loss […] increased sensitivity to cold […] constipation or loose motions […] nausea and loss of appetite […] dry skin […] pale appearance […] low blood pressure and dizziness on standing (postural hypotension) Excessive urination and dry mouth (AVP Deficiency, formally (Diabetes Insipidus)

• #2 Get Hypopituitarism Treatment Online

  https://www.telemed2u.com/diabetes-endocrinology/hypopituitarism

  Symptoms are more common when theres a reduction in several hormones at the same time. Deficiency of just one hormone is rarer. […] Initially you may not notice any symptoms because they develop slowly. Symptoms worsen over time. A few patients develop symptoms suddenly. […] Specific symptoms depend on which hormones are affected and how much theyre affected. […] Growth hormone deficiency can cause growth problems in children, resulting in short height. Symptoms are rare in adults, but if they occur, they can include low energy, muscle weakness, and changes in body fat/muscle composition and cholesterol levels. Adults with this deficiency may also socially isolate themselves and have a lack of ambition. […] Deficiency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) affect the reproductive system. Children may experience delayed puberty. Adults may have a lower sex drive, infertility and fatigue. Adult women may have reduced egg and estrogen production, hot flashes, irregular periods, loss of pubic hair, vaginal dryness, and inability to produce milk after childbirth. Men can have less sperm and testosterone, erectile dysfunction, less body hair, and mood changes.

• #2 Hypopituitarism (Panhypopituitarism): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122287-overview

  Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome of deficiency in pituitary hormone production. This may result from disorders involving the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, or surrounding structures. Panhypopituitarism refers to the involvement of all pituitary hormones; however, if one or more, but not all, pituitary hormones are involved, this results in partial hypopituitarism. […] Signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism include the following, according to the specific hormone deficiency: ACTH deficiency – Adrenal (cortisol) insufficiency; TSH deficiency – Hypothyroidism; Gonadotropin deficiency – Hypogonadism; GH deficiency – Failure to thrive and short stature in children; most adults are asymptomatic, but some may experience fatigue, weakness, alteration in body composition (increased fat mass relative to lean body mass), and decreased quality of life; Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency – Polyuria and polydipsia; Prolactin deficiency – Impaired lactation after delivery.

• #2 Pituitary Failure | Hypopituitarism | Pacific Pituitary Disorders Center

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/conditions/pituitary-adenomas/pituitary-failure/

  Hypopituitarism refers to under-function of the pituitary gland. The term refers to both anterior and posterior pituitary gland dysfunction. It may be temporary or permanent. Panhypopituitarism refers to complete loss of all pituitary function. […] When the pituitary gland is unable to produce one or more of these hormones, it leads to a range of symptoms depending on which hormones are deficient. […] There appears to be a somewhat predictable loss of hormonal function: the growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreting cells appear most vulnerable while thyroid stimulating (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting cells are less vulnerable. […] Approximately 50% of patients will have some recovery of pituitary function after adenoma removal.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  Symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on what hormone is deficient and may include short height, infertility, intolerance to cold, fatigue, and an inability to produce breast milk. […] Symptoms depend on which pituitary hormones are deficient. Although symptoms sometimes begin suddenly and dramatically, they usually begin gradually and may go unrecognized for a long time. […] In some cases, the pituitary gland’s production of a single hormone decreases. More typically, the levels of several hormones decrease at the same time (panhypopituitarism). Production of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone often decreases before that of thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. […] In children, a lack of growth hormone typically leads to poor overall growth and short height. In adults, growth hormone deficiency does not affect height, because the bones have finished growing. Adults may have symptoms that are not specific to growth hormone deficiency such as low energy, body composition changes such as more fat and less muscle, and changes in their cholesterol levels.

• #2 Hypopituitarism and Panhypopituitarism | Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hypopituitarism-panhypopituitarism

  Symptoms are different depending on which pituitary hormone is not made. […] Lack of growth hormone causes poor growth. […] Low ACTH may cause nausea or vomiting, cold, clammy skin, fast heart beat, dizziness, confusion, dehydration. […] Low TSH may cause tiredness, dry skin, constipation, weight gain, slow heart rate, slow growth. […] Low LH or FSH may cause short stature in both boys and girls. For boys, it also may cause small testicles and no facial hair. For girls, it also may cause little breast development and lack of a period. […] Low ADH causes excessive urination and bedwetting. […] No oxytocin or prolactin may cause poor milk production if breast feeding.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22102-hypopituitarism

  Common symptoms of hypopituitarism are fatigue, loss of muscle mass and loss of libido. […] Symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormone is lacking. Some common ones are fatigue, loss of muscle and low libido. […] The condition can happen suddenly after an injury or develop slowly over months or years. People with it often need to take medication for the rest of their lives to manage symptoms. […] The symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormone(s) is deficient (lacking). […] Symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in adults include fatigue, reduced sense of well-being, decreased sexual function and sexual interest, higher amount of body fat, particularly around the waist, sensitivity to heat and cold, decreased muscle mass, and decreased strength and stamina when exercising.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypopituitarism-pro

  Decreased muscle mass and strength, visceral obesity, fatigue, decreased quality of life, impairment of attention and memory. […] Children: growth restriction. […] Antidiuretic hormone deficiency: […] Polyuria, polydipsia (diabetes insipidus). […] Clinical features include hormone deficiencies, meningism, visual field defects, ophthalmoplegia, reduced consciousness, hypotension, hypothermia and hypoglycaemia. […] Although an increased mortality rate in hypopituitary patients is well documented, the actual cause of the increased mortality is not clear. […] If relevant hormones are adequately replaced, prognosis in hypopituitarism is good. Prognosis is therefore usually dependent on the underlying cause.

• #2 Pituitary Failure | Hypopituitarism | Pacific Pituitary Disorders Center

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/conditions/pituitary-adenomas/pituitary-failure/

  Symptoms of GH deficiency in adults include: Decreased muscle mass and increased body fat, particularly around the abdomen, Fatigue and lack of stamina, often leading to reduced exercise capacity, Depression or other mood disturbances, Thinning skin and fragile bones, Increased cholesterol levels and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, Reduced cognitive function, such as memory and concentration difficulties.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/hypopituitarism

  Insufficient levels of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone can cause abnormally small penises and undescended testicles in male newborns. Children may not have the growth spurt normally experienced during puberty, which may include a lack of testicular growth in boys and a lack of breast development in girls. Adult men may experience fatigue, reduced facial and body hair, a low sex drive, erectile dysfunction and infertility, while adult women may have fatigue, hot flashes, irregular periods, decreased pubic hair, a reduced sex drive and infertility (women who just gave birth may also experience reduced breast milk production). […] Growth hormone deficiency can cause low blood sugar levels in newborns, as well as abnormally small penises in male newborns. Children may experience slowed growth, a short height and delayed sexual development, while adults may have fatigue, an increased amount of body fat (especially around the waist), reduced muscle mass, increased heat and cold sensitivity, decreased strength and stamina during exercise, a low sex drive, impaired sexual function and a decreased sense of well-being.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  In premenopausal women, deficiencies of gonadotropins cause menstrual periods to stop (amenorrhea), infertility, vaginal dryness, and loss of some female sexual characteristics. […] In men, deficiencies of these hormones result in wasting away (atrophy) of the testes, decreased sperm production and consequent infertility, erectile dysfunction, and loss of some male sexual characteristics. […] Thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency leads to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), which results in such symptoms as confusion, intolerance to cold, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin. […] Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency leads to an underactive adrenal gland (Addison disease), which results in fatigue, low blood pressure, low levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, and low tolerance for stress. This is the most serious pituitary hormone deficiency. If the body is unable to make any ACTH, the person may die.

• #2 Hypopituitary: Pituitary Gland Disorder Causes & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/hypopituitary

  Some people may have no symptoms or a gradual onset of symptoms. In other people, the symptoms may be sudden and dramatic. The symptoms depend on the cause, how fast they come on, and the hormone that is involved. […] ACTH deficiency: Symptoms include fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, weakness, depression, nausea, or vomiting. […] TSH deficiency: Symptoms include constipation, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, decreased energy, and muscle weakness or aching. […] FSH and LH deficiency: In women, symptoms include irregular or stopped menstrual periods and infertility. In men, symptoms include loss of body and facial hair, weakness, lack of interest in sexual activity, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. […] GH deficiency: In children, symptoms include short height, fat around the waist and in the face, and poor overall growth. In adults, symptoms include low energy, decreased strength and exercise tolerance, weight gain, decreased muscle mass, and feelings of anxiety or depression.

• #2 Pituitary Health – Management Of Hypopituitarism

  https://pituitarysociety.org/hypopituitarism/

  LH and FSH deficiency in Women: LH and FSH deficiency may cause loss of menstrual cycles, infertility, decrease in sex drive and vaginal dryness, and osteoporosis, which can result in a tendency to develop bone fractures. LH and FSH deficiency in Men: LH and FSH deficiency may cause loss of libido (interest in sexual activity), difficulty in achieving and sustaining an erection, infertility due to a low sperm count, and osteoporosis, which can result in a tendency to develop bone fractures. […] GH Deficiency: In children, GH deficiency causes slowing or lack of growth and an increase in body fat. In adults, GH deficiency may cause a decrease in energy and physical activity, a change in body composition (increased fat, decreased muscle mass), a tendency toward increased cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, and a decreased quality of life (including an increased sense of social isolation).

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/pituitary-disorders/hypopituitarism

  You will typically experience hypopituitarism symptoms associated with the underproduction of specific hormones. […] The main hormones affected by hypopituitarism include adrenocorticotropic, anti-diuretic, thyroid-stimulating, prolactin, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating. […] Nausea, confusion, vomiting, fatigue, stomach pain, low blood pressure, regular infections, sustained infections, and fainting are symptoms associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). […] Severe dehydration, electrolyte deficiency, electrolyte surplus, and extreme increase in urination are symptoms associated with anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). […] Dry skin, tiredness, sensitivity to cold, weight increase, and constipation are symptoms associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). […] Men and women may exhibit symptoms such as reduced sex drive, fatigue, infertility, delayed puberty, and vision issues associated with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). […] Women may experience symptoms including pubic hair loss, irregular menstruation, no menstruation, hot flashes, loss of ability to make breast milk, and decrease in estrogen. […] Men may experience erectile dysfunction, reduced facial hair, reduced body hair, and mood swings.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypopituitarism-pro

  Acute: weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, circulatory collapse, fever, shock. […] Children: delayed puberty, failure to thrive. […] Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency: […] Tiredness, cold intolerance, constipation, hair loss, dry skin, hoarseness, cognitive slowing. […] Weight gain, bradycardia, hypotension. […] Confusion, coma. […] Children: delayed development, growth restriction and intellectual impairment. […] Gonadotrophin (LH, FSH) deficiency: […] Women: oligomenorrhoea, loss of libido, dyspareunia, infertility, osteoporosis. […] Men: loss of libido, impaired sexual function, mood impairment, loss of facial, scrotal and body hair; decreased muscle mass, osteoporosis, anaemia. […] Children: delayed puberty. […] Growth hormone deficiency: […] Short stature.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/hypopituitarism

  Low levels of oxytocin can make it difficult to empathize and interact with others. New parents may have a hard time bonding with their baby and new mothers could experience insufficient breast milk production. […] Prolactin deficiency can make it difficult for new mothers to produce enough breast milk after giving birth. […] Insufficient levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone can cause newborns to have a low body temperature, a hoarse cry, reduced muscle tone and a bulging stomach. Children and adults may experience fatigue, depression, muscle weakness, thinning hair, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain and increased cold sensitivity. Women may notice irregular or heavy periods.

• #2 Hypopituitarism in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hypopituitarism

  Hypopituitarism occurs when the anterior (front) lobe of the pituitary gland loses its ability to make hormones. The resulting symptoms depend on which hormones are no longer being produced by the gland. […] Because the pituitary gland affects the other endocrine organs, symptoms and effects of hypopituitarism may be gradual, or sudden and dramatic. […] Symptoms will vary depending on two things: which hormones are lacking and your child’s age. Symptoms that newborn babies may have include: A small penis, Jaundice (a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin), Evidence of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), such as sluggishness, jitteriness or seizures, Excessive amounts of urine. […] Older infants and children may have these symptoms: Short stature and slow growth (children who fall off their growth curve in height), Weight gain that’s out of proportion to growth, Absent or delayed puberty, Delayed tooth development and delayed tooth eruption, Increased thirst and urination, Fatigue.

• #2 Pituitary Failure | Hypopituitarism | Pacific Pituitary Disorders Center

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/conditions/pituitary-adenomas/pituitary-failure/

  The clinical presentation of anterior pituitary hormonal deficiency depends on the acuity of the presentation, the severity of the hormonal deficiency and the number of cells affected. […] Symptoms of ACTH and cortisol deficiency may include: Weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Depression, Apathy, Nausea, Vomiting, Loss of appetite, Abdominal pain. […] Symptoms of Thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency tend to be unspecific and may include: Decreased energy level, Increased need to sleep, Cold intolerance, Dry skin, Constipation, Muscle aches, Mood swings and memory loss. […] Gonadotropin deficiency can lead to a condition called hypogonadism, where the gonads (testes in men and ovaries in women) are underactive due to insufficient hormonal stimulation. […] Symptoms of Growth hormone deficiency can result from hypopituitarism when the pituitary gland fails to produce adequate levels of GH. The symptoms and consequences of GHD differ depending on the age of onset.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism

  Growth hormone (GH) deficiency leads to a decrease in muscle mass, central obesity (increase in body fat around the waist) and impaired attention and memory. Children experience growth retardation and short stature. […] Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency leads to adrenal insufficiency, a lack of production of glucocorticoids such as cortisol by the adrenal gland. If the problem is chronic, symptoms consist of fatigue, weight loss, failure to thrive (in children), delayed puberty (in adolescents), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), anemia and hyponatremia (low sodium levels). […] Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency leads to hypothyroidism (lack of production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid). Typical symptoms are tiredness, intolerance to cold, constipation, weight gain, hair loss and slowed thinking, as well as a slowed heart rate and low blood pressure. […] Hypopituitarism is usually permanent. It requires lifelong treatment with one or more medicines.

• #2 Generalized Hypopituitarism – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/generalized-hypopituitarism

  TSH deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, with such symptoms as facial puffiness, hoarse voice, bradycardia, and cold intolerance. […] ACTH deficiency results in hypoadrenalism with attendant fatigue, hypotension, and intolerance to stress and infection. […] Hypothalamic lesions, which can result in hypopituitarism, can also disturb the centers that control appetite, causing a syndrome resembling anorexia nervosa, or sometimes hyperphagia with massive obesity. […] Sheehan syndrome, which affects postpartum women, is pituitary necrosis due to hypovolemia and shock occurring in the immediate peripartum period. Lactation does not start after childbirth, and the patient may complain of fatigue and loss of pubic and axillary hair. […] Pituitary apoplexy is a symptom complex caused by hemorrhagic infarction of either a normal pituitary gland or, more commonly, a pituitary tumor. Acute symptoms include severe headache, stiff neck, fever, visual field defects, and oculomotor palsies. The resulting edema may compress the hypothalamus, resulting in somnolence or coma. Varying degrees of hypopituitarism may develop suddenly, and the patient may present with vascular collapse because of deficient ACTH and cortisol.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22102-hypopituitarism

  Symptoms of thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency in children and adults are similar to symptoms of hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid. […] Symptoms of ACTH deficiency in children and adults include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, hypoglycemia, and confusion. […] The outlook varies and depends on how old you were when your symptoms began, what caused your condition, how much your affected hormone(s) are lacking, and how your body responds to treatment. […] While many people with hypopituitarism lead healthy lives, long-term pituitary damage can lower your life expectancy compared to people without the condition of the same age. […] Although it’s not as common, a sudden and severe onset of hypopituitarism can result in a medical emergency and death if it’s not treated.

• #2 Get Hypopituitarism Treatment Online

  https://www.telemed2u.com/diabetes-endocrinology/hypopituitarism

  Deficiency in thyroid-stimulating hormone can produce symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, confusion, temperature sensitivity, or difficulty staying warm. […] Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone makes the adrenal glands work correctly. If deficient, it can cause Addisons disease, severe fatigue, frequent infections, low blood pressure, fainting, confusion, low blood sugar, low stress tolerance, and stomach pain with nausea or vomiting. As the most serious pituitary hormone deficiency, it can cause death if the body cannot make ACTH. […] Antidiuretic hormone deficiency can disrupt the bodys ability to balance its fluid levels. It can cause diabetes insipidus, resulting in excessive thirst and urination, and electrolyte imbalance. […] Prolactin deficiency interrupts the production of breast milk in new mothers. […] If your hypothalamus is causing hypopituitarism, you may have problems with appetite control, leading to obesity.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypopituitarism-2860924

  Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder that causes the decreased production of one or more of the nine hormones produced by the pituitary gland. The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism can vary by the hormones affected and may include everything from chronic fatigue and growth impairment to sexual dysfunction and the inability to produce breast milk. […] The symptoms of hypopituitarism can vary by the portion of the gland affected, the degree of hormonal impairment, and the age of an affected individual. In some cases, the effects may be subtle or easily attributed to other conditions. At other times, the symptoms may be profound and debilitating. […] Children with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency may experience fatigue, weight loss, delayed puberty, failure to thrive (in babies), and low blood sugar. Adults may experience loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, and prolonged infections.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/hypopituitarism/

  Hypopituitarism can range from being asymptomatic to causing severe symptoms such as collapse and coma. […] The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which part of the pituitary gland is involved, to what extent, and for how long. […] Here are some examples of symptoms of hypopituitarism, according to what hormone is not being produced: […] Low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can lead to decreased production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. This can cause tiredness, weakness, dizziness or light-headedness, blackouts, low blood sugar levels, low sodium levels, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. […] Low growth hormone (GH) levels cause failure of growth in children (short stature), tiredness, low mood, changes in body fat and muscle mass in adults as well as a decrease in general wellbeing.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470414/

  Hypopituitarism is a medical condition characterized by insufficient hormone production in the pituitary gland. This condition often presents subtle symptoms, which, if left untreated, can lead to more severe morbidity. Hypopituitarism is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency in 1 or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland. This condition is associated with an increased mortality risk from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Early detection of hypopituitarism is imperative, given its subtle symptoms that may lead to additional health complications. The presenting signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism may be attributed to various factors, including deficiencies in pituitary hormones, the mass effects associated with pituitary tumors, and characteristics of the underlying causative disease. The symptoms associated with hormonal deficiencies are listed below. ACTH deficiency results in adrenal insufficiency. TSH deficiency leads to hypothyroidism. Gonadotropin deficiency leads to hypogonadism. GH deficiency in children can result in poor growth and short stature. Although this hormonal deficiency is typically asymptomatic in adults, some individuals may experience fatigue and weakness. ADH deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus, characterized by symptoms such as polydipsia and polyuria. Patients in stable condition and can adhere to hormone replacement therapy typically have a favorable prognosis. Mortality rates increase in patients experiencing acute decompensation and critical states. The extent of morbidity varies and is contingent on the hormone deficiency type. The systemic effects of hypopituitarism vary depending on the extent of pituitary involvement. Certain clinical states that result from the acute decline in pituitary production may increase the mortality risk. For instance, ACTH deficiency can lead to an adrenal crisis, whereas TSH deficiency may cause myxedema coma, potentially resulting in death.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/hypopituitarism

  Prolactin deficiency reduces or eliminates a woman’s ability to produce breast milk after childbirth. […] The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain near the pituitary gland. It produces hormones and nerve impulses that control the pituitary gland. Thus, tumors that affect the hypothalamus may cause deficiencies of pituitary hormones. […] Pituitary apoplexy is a group of symptoms caused when blood flow to the pituitary is blocked, resulting in tissue destruction and bleeding. Most often, pituitary apoplexy occurs in a person who has a pituitary tumor. Symptoms include severe headache, stiff neck, fever, visual field defects, and problems with eye movements. The bleeding causes swelling of the pituitary, which presses on the hypothalamus, resulting in sleepiness or coma. The pituitary may suddenly stop producing hormones, especially ACTH, leading to low blood pressure and low levels of glucose in the blood.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/hypopituitarism/

  Low gonadotrophin levels (i.e., luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) will cause delay in, or absence of, puberty in children. […] Low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels can lead to decreased production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. This can cause undue tiredness, weight gain, dry skin and feeling colder than usual. […] Lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH; also known as vasopressin from the posterior part of the pituitary gland) results in the uncontrolled passing of large amounts of urine and causes severe thirst. […] In some cases, hypopituitarism can be a short-term condition. […] People with long-term hypopituitarism will need to take daily medication and will require regular checks with an endocrinologist at an outpatients clinic. […] People with hypopituitarism may have an impaired quality of life.

• #2 Hypopituitarism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/endocrine-health/hypopituitarism

  Diabetes insipidus: This condition is associated with a deficiency in ADH. A person may experience excessive thirst, dehydration, fever, delayed growth, excessive urination, irritability, and more. […] Your pituitary controls many bodily functions through the hormones it releases. When it does not release enough of one or more of these hormones, you develop hypopituitarism. This can be caused by many things, and the symptoms and treatment will vary depending on the affected hormone.

• #2 Generalized Hypopituitarism – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/generalized-hypopituitarism

  Symptoms and signs relate to the underlying disorder and to the specific pituitary hormones that are deficient or absent. Onset is usually insidious and may not be recognized by the patient; occasionally, onset is sudden or dramatic. […] Most commonly, growth hormone (GH) is lost first, then gonadotropins, and finally thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Vasopressin deficiency (causing arginine vasopressin deficiency) is rare in primary pituitary disorders but is common with lesions of the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus. Function of all target glands decreases when all hormones are deficient (panhypopituitarism). […] Lack of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in children leads to delayed puberty. Premenopausal women develop amenorrhea, reduced libido, regression of secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility. Men develop erectile dysfunction, testicular atrophy, reduced libido, regression of secondary sexual characteristics, and decreased spermatogenesis with consequent infertility.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypopituitarism

  https://www.e-enm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3803/enm.2015.30.4.443

  The pre- and postoperative incidence rates of hypopituitarism are similar because some hormone function can be recovered following the removal of a pituitary tumor whereas deficiencies in other pituitary hormones may develop after surgery. […] Most hypopituitarism symptoms are irreversible. […] It is necessary for physicians to inform their patients that they may require lifetime treatment unless there are special circumstances, such as the discontinuation of estrogen replacement after menopause.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/hypopituitarism/

  Hypopituitarism is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and strokes as a result of the physical changes that occur in body fat, cholesterol, and circulation. […] People with hypopituitarism also have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis (also referred to as brittle bones) and, therefore, have a higher risk of developing fractures from minor injuries.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Hypothalamus and Pituitary Diseases – Endocrinology – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.8.3.

  The most serious signs and symptoms of acute hypopituitarism are due to ACTH deficiency, which can result in life-threatening hypotension (refractory shock) and severe neurologic signs and symptoms in the case of a subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage. […] Signs and symptoms of posttraumatic hypopituitarism usually develop gradually, becoming clinically overt within ~1 year after the event. […] Adequate hormone replacement therapy allows maintaining a good overall clinical status. However, the mortality rates are higher compared with the general population, regardless of the cause of pituitary insufficiency, and quality of life is impaired.

• #2 Hypopituitarism Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypopituitarism

  Symptoms may develop slowly and may vary greatly, depending upon: The number of hormones that are missing and the organs they affect, The severity of the disorder. […] Hypopituitarism is usually permanent. It requires lifelong treatment with one or more medicines. But you can expect a normal life span.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/hypopituitarism

  Hypopituitarism happens when your pituitary gland is not active enough. As a result, the gland does not make enough pituitary hormones. […] Symptoms are different for each person. They may happen over time or right away. They depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of. These hormone deficiencies, and the symptoms they cause, include: […] Symptoms depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of. […] The treatment goal is to return the pituitary gland to normal function. Treatment may include hormone replacement therapy, surgery to remove a tumor, or radiation therapy.

• #2 Hypopituitarism | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/hypopituitarism?content_id=CON-20164003

  Low levels of prolactin can cause problems with making milk for breastfeeding. […] See your health care provider if you develop any symptoms of hypopituitarism. […] Contact your health care provider right away if symptoms of hypopituitarism start suddenly or come with a bad headache, changes in vision, confusion or a drop in blood pressure. These could be symptoms of sudden damage to the pituitary gland tissue. […] Hypopituitarism has a number of causes. One common cause is a tumor of the pituitary gland. […] In some cases, a change in a gene causes hypopituitarism. […] Several tests can check hormone levels in the body and look for the cause of problems with the way the pituitary is working. […] Hypopituitarism is treated with medicines that raise hormone levels. This is called hormone replacement. […] If a tumor in or around the pituitary gland is the cause of hypopituitarism, surgery might be needed to remove the growth.

• #2 Panhypopituitarism: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23935-panhypopituitarism

  Additional symptoms of panhypopituitarism that are specific to infants, children and/or adolescents include: Prolonged jaundice in newborns, Small penis in male infants (micropenis), Slowed growth, Delayed puberty. […] Panhypopituitarism can be life-threatening, especially if you have a significant deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin). […] Signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis include: Fever, Weakness, Confusion, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Fast heart rate (tachycardia), Vomiting, Diarrhea, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). […] In some cases, panhypopituitarism is reversible by treatment of the underlying cause, such as surgically removing a pituitary adenoma that was compressing the pituitary gland without causing damage. But in most cases, the hormone deficiencies from panhypopituitarism require lifelong treatment.

• #2 Hypopituitarism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/521

  Hypopituitarism is a deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. […] Symptoms include headaches, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and visual field defects. […] Patients who require cortisol for adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency require increased dosage in times of stress (such as infection, trauma, and surgery). […] Key diagnostic factors include headaches, amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea, and visual field defects. […] Other diagnostic factors include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and reduced bone and muscle mass.

• #3 Hypopituitarism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470414/

  Hypopituitarism is a medical condition characterized by insufficient hormone production in the pituitary gland. This condition often presents subtle symptoms, which, if left untreated, can lead to more severe morbidity. Hypopituitarism is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency in 1 or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland. This condition is associated with an increased mortality risk from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Early detection of hypopituitarism is imperative, given its subtle symptoms that may lead to additional health complications. The presenting signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism may be attributed to various factors, including deficiencies in pituitary hormones, the mass effects associated with pituitary tumors, and characteristics of the underlying causative disease. The symptoms associated with hormonal deficiencies are listed below. ACTH deficiency results in adrenal insufficiency. TSH deficiency leads to hypothyroidism. Gonadotropin deficiency leads to hypogonadism. GH deficiency in children can result in poor growth and short stature. Although this hormonal deficiency is typically asymptomatic in adults, some individuals may experience fatigue and weakness. ADH deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus, characterized by symptoms such as polydipsia and polyuria. Patients in stable condition and can adhere to hormone replacement therapy typically have a favorable prognosis. Mortality rates increase in patients experiencing acute decompensation and critical states. The extent of morbidity varies and is contingent on the hormone deficiency type. The systemic effects of hypopituitarism vary depending on the extent of pituitary involvement. Certain clinical states that result from the acute decline in pituitary production may increase the mortality risk. For instance, ACTH deficiency can lead to an adrenal crisis, whereas TSH deficiency may cause myxedema coma, potentially resulting in death.

• #3 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypopituitarism-Signs-and-Symptoms.aspx

  The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism are usually progressive, and gradually develop over several months or years. However, some patients may report a more sudden presentation of symptoms. […] The severity and presentation of symptoms linked to hypopituitarism depend on the type of hormone deficiency and the cause of the condition. […] While general signs such as fatigue, sensitivity to cold and changes in appetite and weight may be evident in a deficiency of several hormones, specific symptoms are linked to particular hormone deficiencies. Other symptoms and signs evolve as a result of the condition that caused the pituitary failure. All these symptoms can help in the diagnosis of the condition, alongside blood tests, and will usually improve with treatment when the hormone levels become normalized.

• #3 Hypopituitarism and Panhypopituitarism | Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hypopituitarism-panhypopituitarism

  Symptoms are different depending on which pituitary hormone is not made. […] Lack of growth hormone causes poor growth. […] Low ACTH may cause nausea or vomiting, cold, clammy skin, fast heart beat, dizziness, confusion, dehydration. […] Low TSH may cause tiredness, dry skin, constipation, weight gain, slow heart rate, slow growth. […] Low LH or FSH may cause short stature in both boys and girls. For boys, it also may cause small testicles and no facial hair. For girls, it also may cause little breast development and lack of a period. […] Low ADH causes excessive urination and bedwetting. […] No oxytocin or prolactin may cause poor milk production if breast feeding.

• #3 Hypopituitarism

  https://healthlibrary.uwmedicine.org/SummerHeat/85,P00411

  Symptoms are different for each person. They may happen over time or right away. They depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of. These hormone deficiencies, and the symptoms they cause, include: […] Not enough gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone). This affects men and women who have not gone through menopause. Women may not have a menstrual period. They may have problems with fertility, vaginal dryness, and loss of some female traits. Men may have problems with fertility, sexual dysfunction, and loss of some male traits. Children will not go through puberty. […] Not enough growth hormone. Adults with this problem may lose bone and muscle mass. In children, it can lead to stunted growth and dwarfism. […] Not enough thyroid-stimulating hormone. This often leads to an underactive thyroid. It may cause lack of energy (fatigue), confusion, problems with cold temperatures, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin.

• #3 Hypopituitarism

  https://healthlibrary.uwmedicine.org/SummerHeat/85,P00411

  Not enough ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone). This is rare. Your pituitary gland may not secrete ACTH if you have been taking adrenal steroid hormones and stop taking them suddenly. It leads to an underactive adrenal gland. You may have low blood pressure, low blood sugar, feel tired, and be easily stressed. […] Not enough prolactin. This is rare. Women who lack this hormone may not be able to make breastmilk after childbirth. […] Not enough antidiuretic hormone (also called vasopressin). This leads to increased urine output and thirst. […] Symptoms depend on which hormones the pituitary gland is not making enough of.

• #4 Hypopituitarism – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypopituitarism/

  Hypopituitarism is a disorder in which your body doesn’t make enough hormones from the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small, bean-shaped gland at the base of your brain. It plays a role in controlling your body’s endocrine system. The endocrine system is a group of glands that produce and secrete hormones to regulate your body’s processes. […] In hypopituitarism, the pituitary gland fails to produce or doesn’t produce enough of one or more of its hormones. When your pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, your body functions are affected. […] It’s possible for the symptoms of hypopituitarism to appear suddenly. But it’s much more common for them to develop over time. Because of this, they’re often overlooked for months or years. […] Possible symptoms include: Abdominal discomfort, Constipation, Facial puffiness, Fatigue, Headaches, Hoarse voice, Low blood pressure, Loss of appetite, Loss of underarm and pubic hair, Low interest in sex (men and women), Muscle weakness, Nausea, Sensitivity to cold or difficulty staying warm, Stiffness in the joints, Thirst and excessive urination, Unintended weight loss or gain, Vision problems.

Zobacz więcej