Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #2 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #3 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  The main challenge in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma is histopathologic recognition. Angiosarcoma may be confused with vascular tumors of intermediate malignancy (eg, epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas, histioid hemangioma, and malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma). In its more benign form, angiosarcoma may be confused with hemangiomas. In its more aggressive form, irregular sheets of anaplastic cells may have only poorly defined vascular channels and may be difficult to differentiate from anaplastic melanomas and carcinomas. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.

• #4 Angiosarcoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-overview

  An angiosarcoma (AS) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled spaces. […] Angiosarcomas are aggressive and tend to recur locally, spread widely, and have a high rate of lymph node and systemic metastases. […] The rate of tumor-related death is high. […] The diagnosis mandates that the lesion must have proven histologic differences from the primary neoplasm (carcinomas, lymphomas). […] The Finnish Cancer registry suggests that although an increased risk of angiosarcoma in cancer patients is evident, especially with breast and gynecologic cancer, the excess does not appear to be strongly related to radiotherapy. […] Regardless, radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast is rare, occurring in approximately 0.9 of 1000 cases.

• #5 Angiosarcoma – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angiosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350248

  Tests and procedures used in angiosarcoma diagnosis include: […] Your health care provider will thoroughly examine you to understand your condition. […] Your provider may remove a sample of suspicious tissue for laboratory testing. This procedure is called a biopsy. Tests in the lab can detect cancer cells. Special tests can give your provider more details about the cancer cells. […] Imaging tests can give your provider an idea of the extent of the cancer. Tests may include MRI, CT and positron emission tomography (PET). Which tests you undergo will depend on your situation.

• #6 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a very rare cancerous tumor that starts in the inner lining of your blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. […] Learning you have angiosarcoma can feel unsettling because it can be an aggressive cancer thats hard to treat. But that doesnt mean you dont have options. Your healthcare provider can advise you on treatments based on your diagnosis. […] A healthcare provider may start by doing a physical exam and discussing your symptoms. Theyll also ask about your medical history. For example, previous radiation therapy or working a job that exposed you to large amounts of certain chemicals may cause your provider to suspect angiosarcoma. […] They may do imaging tests to look at the tumors size and location. A CT scan, MRI and PET scan are the most common tests used to diagnose angiosarcoma.

• #7 Angiosarcoma Diagnosis | Vinyl Chloride Toxic Exposure Attorney

  https://thelyonfirm.com/toxic-exposure-lawyer/vinyl-chloride/angiosarcoma/

  Angiosarcoma is a form of sarcoma that is considered a clinically highly variable cancer of the blood vessels. Angiosarcomas are relatively rare, comprising only 1 to 2 percent of sarcomas. […] The cancer is thought to be caused by exposure to Vinyl Chloride and other toxins. […] Several subsequent studies over recent years have confirmed the association, and workers in the chemical and plastics field have seen first-hand the dangerous health consequences. […] Vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of Angiosarcoma, as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. […] Exposure to high levels of VC at the workplace can result in an increased incidence of angiosarcoma. […] Officials from the CDCs Bureau of Epidemiology, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the National Cancer Institute investigated the workplace and determined that the workers were all exposed to vinyl chloride had an increased rate of Angiosarcoma of the liver.

• #8 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Dermatologists may be responsible for the initial diagnosis and management of CAS. They must be familiar with its presentation, as this condition can be difficult to diagnose and mimics other diseases. Additionally, dermatologists must understand the role of varying treatment modalities including Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in the management of CAS. […] Early CAS typically presents as single or multifocal ill-defined, enlarging, violaceous or dusky red macules or patches. Lesions often rapidly develop into raised nodules and plaques that may bleed and ulcerate. Other common symptoms include pain, edema, neuropathy, anemia, and weight loss; however, it is not uncommon for lesions to be asymptomatic. Nodular lesions are more common on the scalp, and patches are more common on the face and neck. Tumors typically extend into the dermis, and aggressive cancers may invade the subcutaneous tissue and fascia.

• #9 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/269009/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment/page/0/1

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare aggressive malignancy that most commonly manifests in White men older than 60 years and often appears as an enlarging ecchymosis on the head, neck, or scalp. […] The greatest impact that dermatologists can have in the management of CAS is through a thorough total-body skin examination and heightened awareness resulting in a shortened time to diagnosis. […] Dermatologists should be aware of challenges in diagnosing cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) due to its clinical similarity to benign entities such as ecchymosis and hemangioma. […] Mohs micrographic surgery is useful for well-defined lesions measuring less than 5 cm on the head and neck; however, further studies are needed to determine its use in other areas. […] Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia.

• #10 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Dermatologists may be responsible for the initial diagnosis and management of CAS. They must be familiar with its presentation, as this condition can be difficult to diagnose and mimics other diseases. Additionally, dermatologists must understand the role of varying treatment modalities including Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in the management of CAS. […] Early CAS typically presents as single or multifocal ill-defined, enlarging, violaceous or dusky red macules or patches. Lesions often rapidly develop into raised nodules and plaques that may bleed and ulcerate. Other common symptoms include pain, edema, neuropathy, anemia, and weight loss; however, it is not uncommon for lesions to be asymptomatic. Nodular lesions are more common on the scalp, and patches are more common on the face and neck. Tumors typically extend into the dermis, and aggressive cancers may invade the subcutaneous tissue and fascia.

• #11 Angiosarcoma

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumour (cancer) that arises from endothelial cells, which normally line the walls of blood or lymphatic vessels. […] Angiosarcomas may occur in any organ of the body but are more frequently found in skin and soft tissue. […] After they have been surgically excised, angiosarcomas often recur locally, spread systemically, with a high rate of lymph node metastases, and have a poor prognosis and a high death rate. […] The signs and symptoms of angiosarcoma differ according to the location of the tumour. Often symptoms of the disease are not apparent until the tumour has become more advanced. […] Angiosarcoma in the breast presents as a palpable mass without tenderness. Tumours often grow deep within breast tissue, causing diffuse breast enlargement with associated bluish skin discolouration.

• #12 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  The symptoms of angiosarcoma can resemble those of many other conditions, including a heart attack or pulmonary embolism. Doctors will likely rule out these emergency conditions first. […] Imaging may help a doctor identify cardiac angiosarcoma. Examples include: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). […] A TTE is a noninvasive test that uses a special imaging probe held outside your chest to identify the chambers of your heart. A TTE helps doctors identify about 75% of all primary cardiac angiosarcomas. […] Once a doctor identifies the tumor or potential tumor, they must test for the presence of cancerous cells. This may involve taking a sample of tumor tissue and some of your blood. […] Because cardiac angiosarcoma is so rare, doctors haven’t yet developed protocols as they have for more common cancer types, such as lung or breast cancer. More research and trials are needed to establish treatment standards.

• #13 Angiosarcoma – Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment Options

  https://www.leiomyosarcoma.org/angiosarcoma/

  Angiosarcoma is usually diagnosed via X-ray, CT scan or MRI. […] Sometimes angiosarcoma presents as deep tumors that unfortunately tend to go undetected, until they begin to affect other tissues and organs. […] Like many other types of sarcoma, surgery with a wide surgical margin to prevent local recurrence is the recommended form of treatment for angiosarcoma. […] Prognosis for angiosarcoma patients is poor because it is typically not diagnosed until after the disease has spread throughout the body. The late diagnosis is the primary reason that the prognosis is poor. […] Patients who have early-discovered, small tumors that are removed with large surgical margins have much better results.

• #14 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #15 Angiosarcoma – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angiosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350248

  Tests and procedures used in angiosarcoma diagnosis include: […] Your health care provider will thoroughly examine you to understand your condition. […] Your provider may remove a sample of suspicious tissue for laboratory testing. This procedure is called a biopsy. Tests in the lab can detect cancer cells. Special tests can give your provider more details about the cancer cells. […] Imaging tests can give your provider an idea of the extent of the cancer. Tests may include MRI, CT and positron emission tomography (PET). Which tests you undergo will depend on your situation.

• #16 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  As with most cancers of mesenchymal origin, blood studies contribute little or nothing toward the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. However, the sudden development of profound thrombocytopenia in patients with angiosarcoma may either suggest rapid growth of the primary tumor or herald the development of metastatic disease. […] The choice of imaging studies for angiosarcoma varies somewhat, depending on whether the lesion is located in soft tissue, bone, or skin. […] Early detection by means of biopsy offers the only realistic chance of a cure. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic features of the biopsy or specimen and the ultrastructural and histochemical markers. […] All angiosarcomas have similar microscopic findings, with vascular spaces more or less obvious and lined by tumor cells showing atypia. Low-grade lesions have vascular spaces lined by large plump endothelial cells that penetrate the stroma and papillary fronds of cells that project into the lumen. Higher-grade lesions are more cellular, with atypical cells and abnormal mitoses.

• #17 Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-01129-9

  Angiosarcomas are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas originating from endothelial cells of lymphatic or vascular origin and associated with a poor prognosis. […] MRI and CT are complementary imaging techniques in assessing the extent of disease, focality and involvement of adjacent anatomical structures at the primary site of disease. […] The final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry in combination with clinical and imaging findings in a multidisciplinary setting with specialist sarcoma expertise. […] MRI is the preferred modality of choice for the assessment of localised soft tissue sarcomas. […] CT with intravenous contrast is most useful for staging and response assessment of metastatic disease. […] Given that a majority of angiosarcomas in the extremities are superficial in nature, the diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed with a punch biopsy before imaging is undertaken.

• #18 Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-01129-9

  Angiosarcomas are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas originating from endothelial cells of lymphatic or vascular origin and associated with a poor prognosis. […] MRI and CT are complementary imaging techniques in assessing the extent of disease, focality and involvement of adjacent anatomical structures at the primary site of disease. […] The final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry in combination with clinical and imaging findings in a multidisciplinary setting with specialist sarcoma expertise. […] MRI is the preferred modality of choice for the assessment of localised soft tissue sarcomas. […] CT with intravenous contrast is most useful for staging and response assessment of metastatic disease. […] Given that a majority of angiosarcomas in the extremities are superficial in nature, the diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed with a punch biopsy before imaging is undertaken.

• #19 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a very rare cancerous tumor that starts in the inner lining of your blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. […] Learning you have angiosarcoma can feel unsettling because it can be an aggressive cancer thats hard to treat. But that doesnt mean you dont have options. Your healthcare provider can advise you on treatments based on your diagnosis. […] A healthcare provider may start by doing a physical exam and discussing your symptoms. Theyll also ask about your medical history. For example, previous radiation therapy or working a job that exposed you to large amounts of certain chemicals may cause your provider to suspect angiosarcoma. […] They may do imaging tests to look at the tumors size and location. A CT scan, MRI and PET scan are the most common tests used to diagnose angiosarcoma.

• #20 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #21 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  The symptoms of angiosarcoma can resemble those of many other conditions, including a heart attack or pulmonary embolism. Doctors will likely rule out these emergency conditions first. […] Imaging may help a doctor identify cardiac angiosarcoma. Examples include: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). […] A TTE is a noninvasive test that uses a special imaging probe held outside your chest to identify the chambers of your heart. A TTE helps doctors identify about 75% of all primary cardiac angiosarcomas. […] Once a doctor identifies the tumor or potential tumor, they must test for the presence of cancerous cells. This may involve taking a sample of tumor tissue and some of your blood. […] Because cardiac angiosarcoma is so rare, doctors haven’t yet developed protocols as they have for more common cancer types, such as lung or breast cancer. More research and trials are needed to establish treatment standards.

• #22 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #23 Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-01129-9

  A biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis, and it is crucial for the biopsy to be evaluated by an experienced specialist sarcoma pathologist. […] Imaging may be utilised for biopsy planning, particularly if the tumour is very necrotic and targeting of the remaining viable tissue is crucial. […] The diagnosis and management of angiosarcoma require a multidisciplinary approach in a specialist soft tissue sarcoma setting given the complexity of the diagnosis and aggressive behaviour of the tumour. […] Imaging alone is not reliable in differentiating soft tissue sarcomas from other benign and malignant lesions, although certain clinical features such as the anatomical location and known risk factors can provide important indicators to narrow the differential diagnosis.

• #24 Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Angiosarcoma | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/types/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a form of soft tissue sarcoma. It is a rare cancer in which the cells that make up the lining of the blood vessels grow and multiply abnormally to form a tumor. Angiosarcoma is more common in people over 50. […] How is angiosarcoma diagnosed? […] Doctors use imaging to detect angiosarcoma. These tests are typically MRIs or CTs. The scans can show the size of the tumor, where it started, whether any nearby organs or tissues are involved, and whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. […] Biopsy is usually the next step. A biopsy is the only test that can make a definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. It involves taking a sample of the tumor. That sample is checked under a microscope for cancer cells by a pathologist (a doctor who is specially trained to diagnose disease). […] It is very important to receive a diagnosis from a team of doctors that is highly experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Getting the correct evaluation and diagnosis is the first step to being cured.

• #25 Angiosarcoma Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Outlook, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/angiosarcoma-cancer

  Angiosarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue cancer that develops in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. […] Angiosarcoma is very rare. Only 1% to 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas, which are already rare, are angiosarcomas. […] Your doctor will perform a thorough physical exam to understand your condition. They may ask questions about your medical history and conditions that run in your family. In addition, they will likely run the following tests: imaging studies, such as X-ray, CT, MRI, or PET scans; a biopsy, which involves taking a small sample from the tumor with a needle. […] A biopsy is the only test that can confirm a diagnosis of angiosarcoma. During the biopsy, a specially trained doctor studies the tumor sample in a microscope to determine the type and stage of cancer.

• #26 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Angiosarcoma-Diagnosis.aspx

  A proper and well-defined diagnosis of any kind of AS is made using a biopsy. The term biopsy can be defined as a tiny sample of the cell or tissue that has been taken from the tumor. A pathologist verifies this biopsy under a microscope to find the stage of growth of the tumor. […] Determining the stage or grade of the disease is very important for devising proper treatment strategies. In most cases, angiosarcoma is an aggressive and fast spreading tumor and it rarely has a contradictory character with slower spreading and being less malignant. The decreased life expectancy that the disease causes with an average of 5 years is the factor that makes early and efficient diagnosis vital.

• #27 Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-01129-9

  A biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis, and it is crucial for the biopsy to be evaluated by an experienced specialist sarcoma pathologist. […] Imaging may be utilised for biopsy planning, particularly if the tumour is very necrotic and targeting of the remaining viable tissue is crucial. […] The diagnosis and management of angiosarcoma require a multidisciplinary approach in a specialist soft tissue sarcoma setting given the complexity of the diagnosis and aggressive behaviour of the tumour. […] Imaging alone is not reliable in differentiating soft tissue sarcomas from other benign and malignant lesions, although certain clinical features such as the anatomical location and known risk factors can provide important indicators to narrow the differential diagnosis.

• #28

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/09080/clinical_and_diagnostic_features_of_angiosarcoma.51.aspx

  Angiosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis is a rare, fatal disease that often presents with multiple pulmonary nodules and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. We herein review the detailed clinical characteristics of pulmonary metastatic angiosarcoma and determine a reasonable diagnostic strategy. […] The diagnosis was made by surgical biopsy of either the lung (3/9) or heart (6/9). […] Angiosarcoma with pulmonary metastases should be considered in patients with hemoptysis and concurrent GGO and nodules on their chest CT scan. […] Surgical biopsy is reliable for histological diagnosis, but the safety of the lung biopsy should be carefully assessed. When primary cardiac tumors are identified, heart biopsy should be preferentially considered. […] The definitive diagnosis of angiosarcoma is solely based on histopathologic examination of biopsy tissue.

• #29 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  As with most cancers of mesenchymal origin, blood studies contribute little or nothing toward the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. However, the sudden development of profound thrombocytopenia in patients with angiosarcoma may either suggest rapid growth of the primary tumor or herald the development of metastatic disease. […] The choice of imaging studies for angiosarcoma varies somewhat, depending on whether the lesion is located in soft tissue, bone, or skin. […] Early detection by means of biopsy offers the only realistic chance of a cure. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic features of the biopsy or specimen and the ultrastructural and histochemical markers. […] All angiosarcomas have similar microscopic findings, with vascular spaces more or less obvious and lined by tumor cells showing atypia. Low-grade lesions have vascular spaces lined by large plump endothelial cells that penetrate the stroma and papillary fronds of cells that project into the lumen. Higher-grade lesions are more cellular, with atypical cells and abnormal mitoses.

• #30 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  As with most cancers of mesenchymal origin, blood studies contribute little or nothing toward the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. However, the sudden development of profound thrombocytopenia in patients with angiosarcoma may either suggest rapid growth of the primary tumor or herald the development of metastatic disease. […] The choice of imaging studies for angiosarcoma varies somewhat, depending on whether the lesion is located in soft tissue, bone, or skin. […] Early detection by means of biopsy offers the only realistic chance of a cure. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic features of the biopsy or specimen and the ultrastructural and histochemical markers. […] All angiosarcomas have similar microscopic findings, with vascular spaces more or less obvious and lined by tumor cells showing atypia. Low-grade lesions have vascular spaces lined by large plump endothelial cells that penetrate the stroma and papillary fronds of cells that project into the lumen. Higher-grade lesions are more cellular, with atypical cells and abnormal mitoses.

• #31 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  As with most cancers of mesenchymal origin, blood studies contribute little or nothing toward the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. However, the sudden development of profound thrombocytopenia in patients with angiosarcoma may either suggest rapid growth of the primary tumor or herald the development of metastatic disease. […] The choice of imaging studies for angiosarcoma varies somewhat, depending on whether the lesion is located in soft tissue, bone, or skin. […] Early detection by means of biopsy offers the only realistic chance of a cure. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic features of the biopsy or specimen and the ultrastructural and histochemical markers. […] All angiosarcomas have similar microscopic findings, with vascular spaces more or less obvious and lined by tumor cells showing atypia. Low-grade lesions have vascular spaces lined by large plump endothelial cells that penetrate the stroma and papillary fronds of cells that project into the lumen. Higher-grade lesions are more cellular, with atypical cells and abnormal mitoses.

• #32 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #33 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  The main challenge in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma is histopathologic recognition. Angiosarcoma may be confused with vascular tumors of intermediate malignancy (eg, epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas, histioid hemangioma, and malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma). In its more benign form, angiosarcoma may be confused with hemangiomas. In its more aggressive form, irregular sheets of anaplastic cells may have only poorly defined vascular channels and may be difficult to differentiate from anaplastic melanomas and carcinomas. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.

• #34 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #35 Angiosarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma can be seen on MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, but it is usually difficult to discern it from other cancers, requiring confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be difficult due to its asymptomatic nature or non-specific symptoms. Initial diagnosis is typically done by MRI, CT or ultrasound scan, however it is typically difficult to discern if a mass is an angiosarcoma or other type of tumor such as a melanoma or carcinoma. This means that while the initial diagnosis is typically done via imaging, conclusive diagnosis has to be performed via biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The marker CD31 is often considered the gold standard for angiosarcoma diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Other markers typically used include von Willebrand factor, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The absence of markers present in melanomas such as S100 and HMB-45 can help in differentiating angiosarcomas from melanomas.

• #36 Angiosarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma can be seen on MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, but it is usually difficult to discern it from other cancers, requiring confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be difficult due to its asymptomatic nature or non-specific symptoms. Initial diagnosis is typically done by MRI, CT or ultrasound scan, however it is typically difficult to discern if a mass is an angiosarcoma or other type of tumor such as a melanoma or carcinoma. This means that while the initial diagnosis is typically done via imaging, conclusive diagnosis has to be performed via biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The marker CD31 is often considered the gold standard for angiosarcoma diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Other markers typically used include von Willebrand factor, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The absence of markers present in melanomas such as S100 and HMB-45 can help in differentiating angiosarcomas from melanomas.

• #37 Malignancy Unmasked: Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Arising From Scald Burn: A Case Report – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/dermatology/article/malignancy-unmasked-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-arising-from-scald-burn-a-case-report/

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy. […] Histopathology confirmed cutaneous angiosarcoma. […] Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for angiosarcoma in non-healing post-traumatic lesions. Early biopsy and multidisciplinary management are crucial. […] The diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma was confirmed through clinical, histopathological, and imaging findings. […] A comprehensive diagnostic workup, including biopsy and imaging, is crucial for the accurate diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma. […] Biopsy is essential for confirming the diagnosis of angiosarcoma, with histopathological examination typically revealing vessel-like structures forming anastomosing networks, cellular atypia, mitotic figures, and multilayered endothelial lining. […] In this case, both CD31 and CD34 stains were positive, which conclusively confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma.

• #38 Angiosarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma can be seen on MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, but it is usually difficult to discern it from other cancers, requiring confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be difficult due to its asymptomatic nature or non-specific symptoms. Initial diagnosis is typically done by MRI, CT or ultrasound scan, however it is typically difficult to discern if a mass is an angiosarcoma or other type of tumor such as a melanoma or carcinoma. This means that while the initial diagnosis is typically done via imaging, conclusive diagnosis has to be performed via biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The marker CD31 is often considered the gold standard for angiosarcoma diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Other markers typically used include von Willebrand factor, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The absence of markers present in melanomas such as S100 and HMB-45 can help in differentiating angiosarcomas from melanomas.

• #39 Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment | Nai | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3153/2085

  Angiosarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal sarcoma of endothelial cell origin with high mortality. […] In addition to the rarity of small intestine angiosarcoma, the nonspecific early clinical symptoms obscure the suspicion of such tumors and thereby delay the diagnosis. […] Von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD31, CD34, vimentin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 appear to be the most useful markers for the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis of small bowel angiosarcoma may be very challenging due to the non-specific clinical, radiological and histopathological features as seen in our and previously reported cases. […] Although the biopsy done by endoscopy and/or enteroscopy may lead to the appropriate diagnosis, it may be overlooked initially as in our case. Surgical resection and subsequent immunohistochemical studies are therefore required for a definitive diagnosis.

• #40 Angiosarcoma of the breast, the unknown—a review of the current literature – Esposito – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/30432/html

  The best treatment of primary breast angiosarcoma is surgery. Simple mastectomy is recommended although breast conserving surgery can be optioned in selected cases. […] Secondary breast angiosarcoma arises in older women (from 46 to 87 years), with a median of 70 years. […] The prognosis is poor with a median overall survival (OS) of 37 months. Tumor resectability plays a central role in terms of survival. […] The diagnosis may be difficult because of easy misunderstanding with either radiodermatitis or several cutaneous diseases. […] Differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma is often difficult. CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, Fli-1 and ERG positivity are typical markers of angiosarcomas due to their vascular origin, so they are routinely used by pathologists to establish a diagnosis.

• #41 Angiosarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma can be seen on MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, but it is usually difficult to discern it from other cancers, requiring confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be difficult due to its asymptomatic nature or non-specific symptoms. Initial diagnosis is typically done by MRI, CT or ultrasound scan, however it is typically difficult to discern if a mass is an angiosarcoma or other type of tumor such as a melanoma or carcinoma. This means that while the initial diagnosis is typically done via imaging, conclusive diagnosis has to be performed via biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The marker CD31 is often considered the gold standard for angiosarcoma diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Other markers typically used include von Willebrand factor, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The absence of markers present in melanomas such as S100 and HMB-45 can help in differentiating angiosarcomas from melanomas.

• #42 Angiosarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma can be seen on MRI, CT and ultrasound scans, but it is usually difficult to discern it from other cancers, requiring confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be difficult due to its asymptomatic nature or non-specific symptoms. Initial diagnosis is typically done by MRI, CT or ultrasound scan, however it is typically difficult to discern if a mass is an angiosarcoma or other type of tumor such as a melanoma or carcinoma. This means that while the initial diagnosis is typically done via imaging, conclusive diagnosis has to be performed via biopsy and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. […] The marker CD31 is often considered the gold standard for angiosarcoma diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Other markers typically used include von Willebrand factor, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The absence of markers present in melanomas such as S100 and HMB-45 can help in differentiating angiosarcomas from melanomas.

• #43 Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment | Nai | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3153/2085

  The expression of those endothelial markers is heterogeneous in different types of vessels of various organs. […] Therefore, a combination of multiple markers may markedly improve the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis in challenging angiosarcoma cases. […] The addition of chemotherapy to surgery appears to have a survival benefit. The survival time in patients received surgery plus chemotherapy is longer than that in ones underwent surgery only. […] Further studies are required to determine the optimal treatment strategy for this rare disease entity.

• #44 Angiosarcoma

  https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/208914/angiosarcoma

  Fluorescence in situ hybridization for MYC amplification is highly sensitive and specific in distinguishing radiation-associated angiosarcoma from atypical post-radiation vascular proliferation. […] MYC high level gene amplification is a distinctive feature of angiosarcomas after irradiation or chronic lymphedema.

• #45 Angiosarcoma

  https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/208914/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of malignant vascular neoplasms. „Primary” angiosarcomas occur de novo, while „secondary” angiosarcomas occur in association with radiation or lymphedema. […] Angiosarcoma has distinct presentations that depend on clinical context. De novo cutaneous angiosarcoma tends to arise on the scalp of elderly patients in regions of sun damage. The incidence of radiation-associated cutaneous angiosarcoma has increased with the widespread adoption of breast-conserving surgery with post-operative radiation to treat breast carcinoma. […] Angiosarcoma variably expresses vascular proteins such as CD31, CD34, and ERG. Radiation-associated angiosarcoma exhibits nuclear MYC positivity in essentially all cases; thus, MYC immunohistochemistry is very helpful to distinguish radiation-associated angiosarcoma from atypical post-radiation vascular proliferation, the latter of which is uniformly negative for MYC expression.

• #46 Angiosarcoma | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a rare cancer of blood vessels that metastasizes rapidly and is very difficult to treat. […] Diagnosis […] Clinical exam. Depending on the region involved, patients can present with various symptoms. Ranging from skin discoloration or a soft-tissue mass when the skin is involved to large abdominal distension, pain and symptoms of liver failure when the liver is affected by angiosarcoma. […] Imaging. Multiple areas body imaging is usually performed to see if the tumor has spread into underlying structures. This usually includes: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the affected area, Computed Tomography (CT) of the lungs, evaluation of bones, etc. […] Laboratory. Additionally, there will likely be a request for the patient to undergo a small biopsy procedure. The piece of the tumor will be sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination by a pathologist, and at this point, a final diagnosis is made. Some gene mutations have been found in angiosarcoma, including mutations in the genes PTPRB and PLCG1, as well as the UP160–SLC43A3 fusion gene. […] The North American Pediatric Angiosarcoma Registry was established to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cancers in children.

• #47 Angiosarcoma of the breast and familial aggregation of cancer: Case series of 12 patients and literature review

  https://oatext.com/angiosarcoma-of-the-breast-and-familial-aggregation-of-cancer-case-series-of-12-patients-and-literature-review.php

  Purpose: Our aims were to study the incidence, age at diagnosis, familial aggregation of cancer, clinical presentation, delay/pitfalls in the diagnosis and overall survival of the different types of breast angiosarcomas. […] We highlight the intense familial aggregation of cancer (present in almost all cases) but genetic studies have only been performed in two of them. […] Breast angiosarcoma is a neoplasm with extremely poor prognosis. Due to its rarity and its different forms of presentation, it represents a diagnostic challenge. […] We have observed an intense and striking familial aggregation of cancer that leads us to think that there is a genetic predisposition that plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of breast angiosarcomas. Investigating and clarifying this predisposition could have consequences in its prevention and in the treatment planning (e.g., radiotherapy) of patients with BC.

• #48 Angiosarcoma of the breast and familial aggregation of cancer: Case series of 12 patients and literature review

  https://oatext.com/angiosarcoma-of-the-breast-and-familial-aggregation-of-cancer-case-series-of-12-patients-and-literature-review.php

  However, what caught our attention is the intense familial aggregation of cancer. […] In our series, we have observed a striking and intense familial aggregation of cancer. This fact has not been widely studied in the literature and perhaps we should begin to take it more into account, since it could allow us to select a group of patients with a higher risk of developing radiation-induced angiosarcomas and consider avoiding this type of treatment, as far as possible.

• #49 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #50 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #51 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #52 Angiosarcoma | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that line the blood vessels or lymph vessels. […] All angiosarcomas need aggressive evaluation and treatment. […] The first step in treating your child is forming an accurate and complete diagnosis. Your child’s treatment team may order a number of different diagnostic tests for angiosarcoma, including: Blood and urine tests, Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Bone scans or PET scan, Computerized tomography scan (CT or CAT scan), Biopsy. […] An accurate diagnosis is key to forming the best possible treatment plan. […] Because angiosarcoma is often misdiagnosed as a hemangioma or other benign tumor, if you suspect your child may have received an incorrect diagnosis, it is worth seeking a second opinion.

• #53 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #54 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #55 Angiosarcoma of the breast, the unknown—a review of the current literature – Esposito – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/30432/html

  The best treatment of primary breast angiosarcoma is surgery. Simple mastectomy is recommended although breast conserving surgery can be optioned in selected cases. […] Secondary breast angiosarcoma arises in older women (from 46 to 87 years), with a median of 70 years. […] The prognosis is poor with a median overall survival (OS) of 37 months. Tumor resectability plays a central role in terms of survival. […] The diagnosis may be difficult because of easy misunderstanding with either radiodermatitis or several cutaneous diseases. […] Differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma is often difficult. CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, Fli-1 and ERG positivity are typical markers of angiosarcomas due to their vascular origin, so they are routinely used by pathologists to establish a diagnosis.

• #56 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #57 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #58 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  The symptoms of angiosarcoma can resemble those of many other conditions, including a heart attack or pulmonary embolism. Doctors will likely rule out these emergency conditions first. […] Imaging may help a doctor identify cardiac angiosarcoma. Examples include: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). […] A TTE is a noninvasive test that uses a special imaging probe held outside your chest to identify the chambers of your heart. A TTE helps doctors identify about 75% of all primary cardiac angiosarcomas. […] Once a doctor identifies the tumor or potential tumor, they must test for the presence of cancerous cells. This may involve taking a sample of tumor tissue and some of your blood. […] Because cardiac angiosarcoma is so rare, doctors haven’t yet developed protocols as they have for more common cancer types, such as lung or breast cancer. More research and trials are needed to establish treatment standards.

• #59 Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment | Nai | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3153/2085

  Angiosarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal sarcoma of endothelial cell origin with high mortality. […] In addition to the rarity of small intestine angiosarcoma, the nonspecific early clinical symptoms obscure the suspicion of such tumors and thereby delay the diagnosis. […] Von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD31, CD34, vimentin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 appear to be the most useful markers for the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis of small bowel angiosarcoma may be very challenging due to the non-specific clinical, radiological and histopathological features as seen in our and previously reported cases. […] Although the biopsy done by endoscopy and/or enteroscopy may lead to the appropriate diagnosis, it may be overlooked initially as in our case. Surgical resection and subsequent immunohistochemical studies are therefore required for a definitive diagnosis.

• #60 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  As with most cancers of mesenchymal origin, blood studies contribute little or nothing toward the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. However, the sudden development of profound thrombocytopenia in patients with angiosarcoma may either suggest rapid growth of the primary tumor or herald the development of metastatic disease. […] The choice of imaging studies for angiosarcoma varies somewhat, depending on whether the lesion is located in soft tissue, bone, or skin. […] Early detection by means of biopsy offers the only realistic chance of a cure. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic features of the biopsy or specimen and the ultrastructural and histochemical markers. […] All angiosarcomas have similar microscopic findings, with vascular spaces more or less obvious and lined by tumor cells showing atypia. Low-grade lesions have vascular spaces lined by large plump endothelial cells that penetrate the stroma and papillary fronds of cells that project into the lumen. Higher-grade lesions are more cellular, with atypical cells and abnormal mitoses.

• #61 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #62 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/269009/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment/page/0/1

  Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. […] Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens is helpful to confirm the diagnosis of CAS. […] Achieving R0 resection (microscopically negative margins) is the most important factor in determining the success of treatment, with incomplete surgical resection resulting in higher rates of systemic and local spread. […] The extended delay in diagnosis often seen in CAS allows for advanced local progression, resulting in large areas of resection.

• #63

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/cancer-institute/cancers-we-treat/breast-cancer/angiosarcoma

  Diagnosing angiosarcoma breast cancer involves a collaborative approach with a team of specialists. Your provider will review your medical history, discuss any symptoms or risk factors and conduct a physical exam, which may involve examining your breasts for lumps or masses. […] Other diagnostic tests may include: […] Imaging tests: Various imaging studies such as breast ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, or PET scan may be utilized to visualize the tumor, assess its size, location, and extent of spread within the body. […] Biopsy: If a suspicious mass or lesion is identified, a biopsy is performed to obtain a tissue sample for microscopic examination. This biopsy, whether needle-based (needle biopsy) or surgical (incisional or excisional biopsy), is the most definitive method for diagnosing angiosarcoma.

• #64 Angiosarcoma of the breast, the unknown—a review of the current literature – Esposito – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/30432/html

  Angiosarcoma of the breast is one of the rarest malignancies. Breast angiosarcoma can be classified into primary when arising de novo and secondary to chronic lymphoedema or breast irradiation. […] Management of angiosarcoma consist of surgery, seldom followed by chemotherapy. Whether radiotherapy might be delivered remains an issue as the most of angiosarcomas are caused by previous radiation treatments. The prognosis is often poor. […] Primary breast angiosarcomas represent less than 0.04% of total breast malignancies as their incidence is about 0.0005%. […] Different studies on ultrasound imaging showed that angiosarcomas are mainly characterised by both hyperechogenicity and mixed hyper- and hypoechogenicity while others showed the failing of correct angiosarcoma diagnosis by common ultrasounds in relatively high percentage of cases. Good results in early diagnosis may be obtained by breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as shows higher accuracy in diagnosis if compared to mammography.

• #65 Unusual presentation and delayed diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Full Text

  https://cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13019-024-02555-8

  Due to the aggressive nature of this cancer, early diagnosis is essential. […] The unique presentation of this case demonstrates that clinical suspicion for cardiac angiosarcoma should be maintained for spontaneous pseudoaneurysm originating from the right atrium. […] Overall, a multidisciplinary approach involving local resection, systemic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy seems to be the most favorable strategy.

• #66 Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A case report

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i31/11590.htm

  Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare malignant tumor of the vascular endothelium. Clinical manifestations and laboratory and imaging examinations often lack specificity for PHA. […] We report a case of PHA, and describe the ultrasound characteristics and characteristic changes in laboratory values associated with PHA. […] Imaging examinations are important for diagnosing PHA. Current studies have focused on the description of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of PHA; however, reports on ultrasound, especially contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), are still limited. […] CEUS can provide valuable clues for the diagnosis of PHA and greatly improve the success rate of puncture biopsy. […] The presence of thrombocytopenia, D-dimer elevation, and suspicion of PHA on imaging examinations can assist in the diagnosis. CEUS can provide valuable information for diagnosis; however, the diagnosis depends on pathology results.

• #67 Better 90 Minutes Late than Never: Differential Diagnosis on MRI Scanning in a Case of Hepatic Angiosarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/7/823

  The 90-min delayed washout images are the most pertinent for identifying this pathology, while the other images are included to provide a basis for comparison. […] Given the above imaging characteristics, a vascular malignant liver pathology, the appearance of multiple nodules, diffusion restriction with rapid uptake of contrast on the arterial phase, globular enhancement on the venous phase and homogenous uptake on the parenchymatous phase, washout starting at 20 min and completed at 90 min as a hepatocytic phase, hepatic angiosarcoma remains a potential diagnosis. […] A biopsy was performed after the MRI scan and confirmed the imagistic diagnosis. Histopathology findings reveal an infiltrative vascular tumor with atypical endothelial cells displaying irregular hyperchromatic nuclei, while the immunohistochemical results were as follows: Hep-pal 1 (−), CD 34 (+), CD 31 (+), pattern p53* (+), proliferation index Ki-67 (10%+), which are all consistent with hepatic angiosarcoma.

• #68 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Finally, youll need a biopsy, which involves a provider removing small samples of your tissue, fluid and cells. The samples are sent to a laboratory so a pathologist can test for cancer cells. A lab test called immunohistochemistry can confirm an angiosarcoma diagnosis. […] Knowing your cancer stage can help your provider decide which treatments may help you live longer. […] Surgery to remove the tumor is the most common treatment for angiosarcoma. Healthcare providers may recommend radiation therapy or chemotherapy before or after surgery to shrink tumors or kill additional cancer cells. […] Newer cancer treatments, like targeted therapy drugs and immunotherapy, are currently in development to fight angiosarcoma. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend one of these treatments or a clinical trial to test new cancer-fighting therapies.

• #69 Angiosarcoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441983/

  The staging of AS is done like any other STS. […] The patients and physicians must understand the rarity and the aggressive nature of the disease, and the need for multidisciplinary discussions. […] Angiosarcoma is rare cancer and hence the data is scarce to drive evidence-based decision making.

• #70 Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 200 patients from a single Chinese medical institute

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2017.6892

  Tumor size and tumor differentiation are important prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma, and their value in angiosarcoma may also be confirmed in the present study. […] The present univariate analysis confirmed that tumor size and histological grade are prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Tumors size 5 cm and high-grade histological differentiation predicted poor prognosis, as previously described. […] The present study identified that tumor differentiation and recurrence/metastasis were independent prognostic factors using multivariate survival analysis.

• #71 Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 200 patients from a single Chinese medical institute

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2017.6892

  Tumor size and tumor differentiation are important prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma, and their value in angiosarcoma may also be confirmed in the present study. […] The present univariate analysis confirmed that tumor size and histological grade are prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Tumors size 5 cm and high-grade histological differentiation predicted poor prognosis, as previously described. […] The present study identified that tumor differentiation and recurrence/metastasis were independent prognostic factors using multivariate survival analysis.

• #72 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.106 – Angiosarcoma – 09/06/2022

  https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022106

  Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels and can occur in any area of the body. Angiosarcoma most commonly present in the skin and breast, but may also occur in the liver, spleen and other deep tissues, and are frequently metastatic at the time of diagnosis. […] Diagnostic testing: A biopsy is definitive. The diagnosis of angiosarcoma may involve: A physical examination; CT/MRI scans; PET scans; and Ultrasound. […] Physical findings: Physical findings of angiosarcoma depend on the site of the tumor and degree of metastasis. […] Angiosarcomas are deep-seated and may go unnoticed until the late stages before they are diagnosed. Angiosarcomas metastasize freely because these cancerous cells are in the lining of blood vessels and lymph nodes.

• #73 Clinical Pathophysiology and Research Highlights of Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Obligation for Immunogenetic Profiling to Understand Their Growth Pattern and Tailor Therapies

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3846/5/3/28

  It is important to recognize the fact that endomyocardial biopsy and transbronchial biopsy will rarely be successful in confirming the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] As the diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma is confirmed, the future course of action is contingent upon the presence of a tumor localized in the heart, local advancement, and distant metastasis. […] A combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy is the first line of therapy for right- and left-sided angiosarcomas. […] However, radiation therapy is preferable in pulmonary angiosarcomas due to their less proximity to the cardiac tissues. […] In aggressive and metastatic tumors, combination chemotherapy with or without radiation would be a front-line therapy for prolonging the symptom-free survival time, although the patient is vulnerable to chemotherapy side effects with resultant mortality and morbidity. […] The average survival time from the time of diagnosis is around 6–11 months, although some studies report as long as 26.6 months after positive histological diagnosis. […] The survival of angiosarcoma is dependent upon prognostic factors such as tumor size and local tumor invasion.

• #74 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcomas can spread fast because they start in your blood vessels. Once its spread, angiosarcoma is very difficult to treat. Even in those cases where it goes away after treatment, it often comes back (recurs). […] About 35% of people diagnosed with angiosarcoma are alive five years after diagnosis.

• #75 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  Cardiac angiosarcoma is a malignant tumor that starts in the blood vessels in your heart. This rare type of cancer often moves to other parts of your body before a diagnosis happens. Because of this, its difficult to treat cardiac angiosarcoma. […] People usually get a diagnosis before age 65, usually between their 20s and 40s. […] A healthcare provider can make a cardiac angiosarcoma diagnosis by using: Transthoracic echocardiogram (noninvasive), Transesophageal echocardiogram (invasive), Computed tomography (CT), Heart MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Positron emission tomography (PET), Cardiac catheterization, Heart biopsy. […] Surgery can improve your symptoms. Removing the whole tumor gives you the best chance of surviving. […] The cardiac angiosarcoma prognosis is very poor. The average survival time for a person with a cardiac sarcoma is about 10 to 16 months. Without surgery, most people live 9 to 12 months (even if theyve tried other kinds of treatment). […] About 14% of people with a cardiac angiosarcoma diagnosis are alive five years later. Cardiac angiosarcoma that spreads (metastasizes) to other body parts is often fatal.

• #76 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #77 Angiosarcoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441983/

  Angiosarcoma is a tumor of endothelial cell-origin that comprises 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It is an aggressive malignancy that carries a poor prognosis, if not detected and treated in early stages. This activity describes the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of angiosarcoma and highlights the role of team-based interprofessional care for affected patients. […] A thorough history and physical exam are mandatory for any patient presenting with a mass suspicious for malignancy. […] Advanced imaging like CT scan, MRI, or PET scan is required to define the anatomy of the tumor and the extent of spread. […] The final diagnosis is established via biopsy and histopathology. […] Any patient diagnosed with STS benefits from a multidisciplinary approach. The same applies to AS. The treatment for AS can be divided based on the stage of presentation (metastatic versus non-metastatic).

• #78 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a recent subject of interest in the treatment of angiosarcoma. Two case reports showed improvement in CAS of the face and primary pleural angiosarcoma with a course of pembrolizumab. […] Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis due to delayed detection. A thorough skin examination and heightened awareness of CAS by dermatologists may result in early biopsy and shortened time to a definitive diagnosis. Until quality evidence allows for the creation of consensus guidelines, care at a cancer center that specializes in rare and difficult-to-treat tumors and employs a multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimizing patient outcomes. Current knowledge supports surgery with negative margins as the mainstay of treatment, with adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies as possible additions for extensive disease.

• #79 Imaging features of primary sites and metastatic patterns of angiosarcoma | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-01129-9

  A biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis, and it is crucial for the biopsy to be evaluated by an experienced specialist sarcoma pathologist. […] Imaging may be utilised for biopsy planning, particularly if the tumour is very necrotic and targeting of the remaining viable tissue is crucial. […] The diagnosis and management of angiosarcoma require a multidisciplinary approach in a specialist soft tissue sarcoma setting given the complexity of the diagnosis and aggressive behaviour of the tumour. […] Imaging alone is not reliable in differentiating soft tissue sarcomas from other benign and malignant lesions, although certain clinical features such as the anatomical location and known risk factors can provide important indicators to narrow the differential diagnosis.

• #80 Angiosarcoma: a review of diagnosis and current treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6895451/

  Angiosarcoma is a highly malignancy of endothelial tumor and represents 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in humans. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma remains a challenge. Due to its non-specificity of symptoms, it is difficult to discern angiosarcoma from other malignant neoplasms like anaplastic melanoma and epithelial carcinomas etc. […] Therefore, histological examination is significant for the diagnosis of angiosarcomas and immunohistochemical confirmation is required. […] Because most diagnostic imaging features are relatively non-specific, histological and Immunohistochemical examination are needed for definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma. […] The majority of developing angiosarcoma cases have no clear etiology. Current treatments of angiosarcomas have their limitation. However, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized angiosarcomas. […] It is challenging to avoid recurrence metastasis after treatment.

• #81 Angiosarcoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-overview

  The diagnosis of angiosarcoma is often delayed due to its aggressive nature and the tendency for misdiagnosis. […] The median survival was 1.9 months. […] Those who underwent surgical resection had a higher median survival rate of 7.7 months. […] Chemotherapy treatment also increased median survival to 5.1 months. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma is challenging due to its varied presentation and histological features. […] The rapid growth of soft tissue angiosarcomas explains why they are often misdiagnosed as abscesses and tentatively treated with drainage. […] To avoid this problem, fine-needle aspiration should precede any attempt at incisional or excisional biopsy of a soft tissue mass.

• #82 Unusual presentation and delayed diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Full Text

  https://cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13019-024-02555-8

  Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are very rare and present aggressively with high rates of metastasis. Given the poor prognosis, particularly once disease has spread, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment is essential. […] Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are often misdiagnosed given the rarity of these tumors, but early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential. […] Given the aggressive nature of this cancer, early diagnosis is essential. […] Diagnosis was further delayed by the challenging histologic presentation in the context of low clinical suspicion, with malignant cells being obscured by extensive fibrin, granulation tissue, and organizing thrombus. […] Given these difficulties, diagnosis was not made until after distant metastatic spread and a cardiophrenic metastatic lesion was biopsied.

• #83 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Angiosarcoma-Diagnosis.aspx

  Angiosarcoma (AS), which is a soft tissue tumor that affects the inner layer of blood and lymph vessels, is often asymptomatic in the early stages. Most of the sub-types of this disease manifest only when it has reached a serious level or has spread to other parts of the body. […] These characteristics of the disease can lead to progression of the malignancy, and early diagnosis and treatment is key to the better patient outcomes. […] The diagnostic techniques used to confirm a diagnosis of angiosarcomas are very similar to those used for other cancers. After a primary physical examination, if the physician suspects the presence of a tumor, he might suggest diagnostic imaging techniques, through which he can clarify the condition. […] Biopsy is an important element in the diagnosis of cancer to confirm the malignant nature of the cells following imaging tests.

• #84 Angiosarcoma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Biopsy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-workup

  The main challenge in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma is histopathologic recognition. Angiosarcoma may be confused with vascular tumors of intermediate malignancy (eg, epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas, histioid hemangioma, and malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma). In its more benign form, angiosarcoma may be confused with hemangiomas. In its more aggressive form, irregular sheets of anaplastic cells may have only poorly defined vascular channels and may be difficult to differentiate from anaplastic melanomas and carcinomas. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma can be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.

• #85 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia. Its nonspecific features make it difficult to recognize without dermoscopy or ultrasonography, which often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The median delay typically is 5 to 7 months and up to 1 year for some patients. […] Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. Dermoscopy may demonstrate a range of colors with yellow, brown, or red areas in a violaceous background. Other reported features include white veils and lines, purple ovals, pink-purple steamlike areas, and atypical vessels. […] Histologically, angiosarcoma is characterized by anastomosing irregular vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells displaying slight to moderate atypia. These vascular channels dissect between collagen bundles and adipocytes. Monocyte infiltration may be observed. The neoplastic endothelial cells may present as spindle-shaped, round, polygonal, or epithelioid with eosinophilic cytoplasm.

• #86 Unusual presentation and delayed diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Full Text

  https://cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13019-024-02555-8

  Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are very rare and present aggressively with high rates of metastasis. Given the poor prognosis, particularly once disease has spread, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment is essential. […] Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are often misdiagnosed given the rarity of these tumors, but early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential. […] Given the aggressive nature of this cancer, early diagnosis is essential. […] Diagnosis was further delayed by the challenging histologic presentation in the context of low clinical suspicion, with malignant cells being obscured by extensive fibrin, granulation tissue, and organizing thrombus. […] Given these difficulties, diagnosis was not made until after distant metastatic spread and a cardiophrenic metastatic lesion was biopsied.

• #87 Angiosarcoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276512-overview

  The diagnosis of angiosarcoma is often delayed due to its aggressive nature and the tendency for misdiagnosis. […] The median survival was 1.9 months. […] Those who underwent surgical resection had a higher median survival rate of 7.7 months. […] Chemotherapy treatment also increased median survival to 5.1 months. […] The diagnosis of angiosarcoma is challenging due to its varied presentation and histological features. […] The rapid growth of soft tissue angiosarcomas explains why they are often misdiagnosed as abscesses and tentatively treated with drainage. […] To avoid this problem, fine-needle aspiration should precede any attempt at incisional or excisional biopsy of a soft tissue mass.

• #88 Malignancy Unmasked: Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Arising From Scald Burn: A Case Report – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/dermatology/article/malignancy-unmasked-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-arising-from-scald-burn-a-case-report/

  Early diagnosis is essential, as untreated cutaneous angiosarcoma can rapidly progress, infiltrating surrounding tissues and leading to complications such as edema, ulceration, and hemorrhage. […] The overall prognosis for scalp angiosarcoma is generally unfavorable, primarily due to its aggressive nature, high likelihood of local recurrence, and metastasis. […] These factors underscore the challenges in managing cutaneous angiosarcoma and emphasize the critical importance of early detection to improve survival outcomes.

• #89 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a recent subject of interest in the treatment of angiosarcoma. Two case reports showed improvement in CAS of the face and primary pleural angiosarcoma with a course of pembrolizumab. […] Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis due to delayed detection. A thorough skin examination and heightened awareness of CAS by dermatologists may result in early biopsy and shortened time to a definitive diagnosis.

• #90 Cutaneous Angiosarcoma in a Psoriasis Patient on Infliximab and Methotrexate Therapy

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/iaim/international-archives-of-internal-medicine-iaim-2-006.php?jid=iaim

  As a result of its subtle presentation contributing to a delay in diagnosis and its highly malignant potential, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with angiosarcoma is very poor – with 5-year disease free survival rates estimated at low as 11%. […] Early diagnosis of angiosarcoma is important as localized and systemic spread occurs rapidly and rates of early metastasis are high. […] Clinicians should strive for early diagnosis, early and aggressive resection, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach to improve disease control and patient outcomes.

• #91 Malignancy Unmasked: Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Arising From Scald Burn: A Case Report – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/dermatology/article/malignancy-unmasked-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-arising-from-scald-burn-a-case-report/

  Early diagnosis is essential, as untreated cutaneous angiosarcoma can rapidly progress, infiltrating surrounding tissues and leading to complications such as edema, ulceration, and hemorrhage. […] The overall prognosis for scalp angiosarcoma is generally unfavorable, primarily due to its aggressive nature, high likelihood of local recurrence, and metastasis. […] These factors underscore the challenges in managing cutaneous angiosarcoma and emphasize the critical importance of early detection to improve survival outcomes.

• #92 Childhood Angiosarcoma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that line the blood vessels or lymph vessels. […] An accurate diagnosis is critical to forming the best possible treatment plan for angiosarcoma. […] We develop an accurate and complete diagnosis through advanced imaging studies, biopsies, and bone scans. […] Doctors sometimes diagnose angiosarcoma as a hemangioma or another benign tumor. […] As a type of cancer, doctors classify angiosarcoma according to the following stages: […] The prognosis for children with localized (stage 1) angiosarcoma that can be completely surgically removed is good. However, for children with advanced angiosarcoma, the prognosis remains poor.

• #93 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The majority of patients treated for CAS undergo surgical resection, as surgery has been shown to have the best prognosis for patients. Achieving R0 resection (microscopically negative margins) is the most important factor in determining the success of treatment, with incomplete surgical resection resulting in higher rates of systemic and local spread. […] Mohs micrographic surgery is the standard of care for many aggressive cutaneous malignancies on the head, but its utility for the treatment of CAS is uncertain. […] Radiotherapy is a common adjuvant to surgical resection but has been used palliatively in patients with tumors that are unresectable. Improved local control and disease-free survival have been observed with the combination of radiation and surgery. […] Chemotherapy occasionally is used as an adjunct to surgical resection with positive margins or as palliative care when surgical resection is not possible. Unfortunately, STSs have a response rate of less than 40% to standard chemotherapy.

• #94 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/269009/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment/page/0/1

  Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. […] Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens is helpful to confirm the diagnosis of CAS. […] Achieving R0 resection (microscopically negative margins) is the most important factor in determining the success of treatment, with incomplete surgical resection resulting in higher rates of systemic and local spread. […] The extended delay in diagnosis often seen in CAS allows for advanced local progression, resulting in large areas of resection.

• #95 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/269009/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment/page/0/1

  Dermoscopy and ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of CAS. […] Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens is helpful to confirm the diagnosis of CAS. […] Achieving R0 resection (microscopically negative margins) is the most important factor in determining the success of treatment, with incomplete surgical resection resulting in higher rates of systemic and local spread. […] The extended delay in diagnosis often seen in CAS allows for advanced local progression, resulting in large areas of resection.

• #96 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/269009/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment/page/0/1

  Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare aggressive malignancy that most commonly manifests in White men older than 60 years and often appears as an enlarging ecchymosis on the head, neck, or scalp. […] The greatest impact that dermatologists can have in the management of CAS is through a thorough total-body skin examination and heightened awareness resulting in a shortened time to diagnosis. […] Dermatologists should be aware of challenges in diagnosing cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) due to its clinical similarity to benign entities such as ecchymosis and hemangioma. […] Mohs micrographic surgery is useful for well-defined lesions measuring less than 5 cm on the head and neck; however, further studies are needed to determine its use in other areas. […] Cutaneous angiosarcoma may mimic ecchymosis, hemangioma, lymphangioma, edema, cellulitis, or scarring alopecia.

• #97 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a recent subject of interest in the treatment of angiosarcoma. Two case reports showed improvement in CAS of the face and primary pleural angiosarcoma with a course of pembrolizumab. […] Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis due to delayed detection. A thorough skin examination and heightened awareness of CAS by dermatologists may result in early biopsy and shortened time to a definitive diagnosis.

• #98 An Update on Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/update-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Angiosarcomas are aggressive endothelial cell tumors of vascular origin that account for 1% to 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas in the United States. They can affect any organ in the body but most commonly affect the skin and soft tissue. Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare type of skin cancer that can present in 2 forms: primary and secondary. The primary form lacks a known underlying cause, but secondary CAS commonly is linked to prior radiation therapy of the breast as well as lymphedema of the breast and arm. Secondary CAS may require different treatment than primary CAS, as radiation therapy poses risks to patients with radiation-induced CAS. The prognosis of CAS is poor due to delayed diagnosis. Current treatment modalities have a high rate of local recurrence and/or distant metastasis, but recent advances in surgery and other therapies such as radiation and immunotherapy provide hope for more successful disease control.

• #99 Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 200 patients from a single Chinese medical institute

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2017.6892

  Tumor size and tumor differentiation are important prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma, and their value in angiosarcoma may also be confirmed in the present study. […] The present univariate analysis confirmed that tumor size and histological grade are prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Tumors size 5 cm and high-grade histological differentiation predicted poor prognosis, as previously described. […] The present study identified that tumor differentiation and recurrence/metastasis were independent prognostic factors using multivariate survival analysis.

• #100 Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in angiosarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 200 patients from a single Chinese medical institute

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2017.6892

  Tumor size and tumor differentiation are important prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma, and their value in angiosarcoma may also be confirmed in the present study. […] The present univariate analysis confirmed that tumor size and histological grade are prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Tumors size 5 cm and high-grade histological differentiation predicted poor prognosis, as previously described. […] The present study identified that tumor differentiation and recurrence/metastasis were independent prognostic factors using multivariate survival analysis.

• #101 Angiosarcoma of the breast, the unknown—a review of the current literature – Esposito – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/30432/html

  The best treatment of primary breast angiosarcoma is surgery. Simple mastectomy is recommended although breast conserving surgery can be optioned in selected cases. […] Secondary breast angiosarcoma arises in older women (from 46 to 87 years), with a median of 70 years. […] The prognosis is poor with a median overall survival (OS) of 37 months. Tumor resectability plays a central role in terms of survival. […] The diagnosis may be difficult because of easy misunderstanding with either radiodermatitis or several cutaneous diseases. […] Differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma is often difficult. CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, Fli-1 and ERG positivity are typical markers of angiosarcomas due to their vascular origin, so they are routinely used by pathologists to establish a diagnosis.

• #102 What is cardiac angiosarcoma? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/heart-cancer-cardiac-tumors-insights-on-diagnosis–treatment-and-research.h00-159543690.html

  Because the heart is the source of our blood flow, cancer cells from cardiac tumors can move throughout the body. So, at the time of diagnosis, cancer has often already spread. […] If cancer hasnt spread to the brain, treatment typically starts with a combination of the chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and ifosfamide. […] After surgery, patients continue chemotherapy to help keep cancer from recurring. […] A recent study led by Ravi investigated the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with cardiac angiosarcoma. We saw that pembrolizumab pushes cancer to a more chronic disease state, Ravi says. Even without curative benefit, the drug appears to slow cancers progression substantially.

• #103 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  A 2019 review found that the average survival for people with cardiac angiosarcoma was about 7 months. […] Factors that influenced survival in either review included: Age: People younger than 45 years old had better survival rates. […] Researchers have identified the following risk factors for cardiac angiosarcoma: chronic lymphedema, exposure to radiation, history of exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as cigarette smoke or airborne chemicals. […] Researchers don’t yet know if there’s a way to prevent cardiac angiosarcoma. Still, you can take steps to limit your exposure to carcinogens. […] If a doctor gives you a diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma, your treatment will likely include surgery and chemotherapy or radiation. But this depends on how much the cancer has spread and where it’s located in your heart.

• #104 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcomas can spread fast because they start in your blood vessels. Once its spread, angiosarcoma is very difficult to treat. Even in those cases where it goes away after treatment, it often comes back (recurs). […] About 35% of people diagnosed with angiosarcoma are alive five years after diagnosis.

• #105 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  A 2019 review found that the average survival for people with cardiac angiosarcoma was about 7 months. […] Factors that influenced survival in either review included: Age: People younger than 45 years old had better survival rates. […] Researchers have identified the following risk factors for cardiac angiosarcoma: chronic lymphedema, exposure to radiation, history of exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as cigarette smoke or airborne chemicals. […] Researchers don’t yet know if there’s a way to prevent cardiac angiosarcoma. Still, you can take steps to limit your exposure to carcinogens. […] If a doctor gives you a diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma, your treatment will likely include surgery and chemotherapy or radiation. But this depends on how much the cancer has spread and where it’s located in your heart.

• #106 Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Symptoms & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/cardiac-angiosarcoma

  Cardiac angiosarcoma is a malignant tumor that starts in the blood vessels in your heart. This rare type of cancer often moves to other parts of your body before a diagnosis happens. Because of this, its difficult to treat cardiac angiosarcoma. […] People usually get a diagnosis before age 65, usually between their 20s and 40s. […] A healthcare provider can make a cardiac angiosarcoma diagnosis by using: Transthoracic echocardiogram (noninvasive), Transesophageal echocardiogram (invasive), Computed tomography (CT), Heart MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Positron emission tomography (PET), Cardiac catheterization, Heart biopsy. […] Surgery can improve your symptoms. Removing the whole tumor gives you the best chance of surviving. […] The cardiac angiosarcoma prognosis is very poor. The average survival time for a person with a cardiac sarcoma is about 10 to 16 months. Without surgery, most people live 9 to 12 months (even if theyve tried other kinds of treatment). […] About 14% of people with a cardiac angiosarcoma diagnosis are alive five years later. Cardiac angiosarcoma that spreads (metastasizes) to other body parts is often fatal.

• #107 Kaposi Sarcoma and Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/es-kaposi-sarcoma-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-guidelines-articulo-S1578219018303561

  Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular sarcoma with 4 clinical variants: classic Kaposi sarcoma, which mainly affect the extremities of elderly patients and follows a chronic, generally indolent course; African Kaposi sarcoma; immunosuppression-associated Kaposi sarcoma; and AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Type8 human herpesvirus is the etiologic agent in all 4variants. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a cutaneous neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. It carries a high probability of local relapse and has a 10% to 15% survival rate at 5years. There are 3 main variants of cutaneous angiosarcoma: idiopathic angiosarcoma of the face and scalp; Stewart-Treves syndrome; and postradiation angiosarcoma. The only potentially curative treatment is surgery with or without radiotherapy. However, its indistinct borders and multicentric nature mean that treatment is often palliative with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both.

• #108 Kaposi Sarcoma and Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-kaposi-sarcoma-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-guidelines-articulo-S1578219018303561

  Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular sarcoma with 4 clinical variants: classic Kaposi sarcoma, which mainly affect the extremities of elderly patients and follows a chronic, generally indolent course; African Kaposi sarcoma; immunosuppression-associated Kaposi sarcoma; and AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Type8 human herpesvirus is the etiologic agent in all 4 variants. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a cutaneous neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. It carries a high probability of local relapse and has a 10% to 15% survival rate at 5 years. There are 3 main variants of cutaneous angiosarcoma: idiopathic angiosarcoma of the face and scalp; Stewart-Treves syndrome; and postradiation angiosarcoma. The only potentially curative treatment is surgery with or without radiotherapy. However, its indistinct borders and multicentric nature mean that treatment is often palliative with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both.

• #109 Angiosarcoma: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22778-angiosarcoma

  Finally, youll need a biopsy, which involves a provider removing small samples of your tissue, fluid and cells. The samples are sent to a laboratory so a pathologist can test for cancer cells. A lab test called immunohistochemistry can confirm an angiosarcoma diagnosis. […] Knowing your cancer stage can help your provider decide which treatments may help you live longer. […] Surgery to remove the tumor is the most common treatment for angiosarcoma. Healthcare providers may recommend radiation therapy or chemotherapy before or after surgery to shrink tumors or kill additional cancer cells. […] Newer cancer treatments, like targeted therapy drugs and immunotherapy, are currently in development to fight angiosarcoma. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend one of these treatments or a clinical trial to test new cancer-fighting therapies.

• #110 Clinical Pathophysiology and Research Highlights of Cardiac Angiosarcoma: Obligation for Immunogenetic Profiling to Understand Their Growth Pattern and Tailor Therapies

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3846/5/3/28

  Cardiac angiosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of the heart. The typical clinical profile is a young male with 30–50 years of age. Due to varied clinical presentation, it can disguise common cardiovascular disorders, such as pericarditis, congestive cardiac failure, and angina. This can delay the diagnosis, thus allowing the tumor to progress to the advanced stage by the time it is detected. […] A high degree of clinical suspicion is warranted, and patients should be evaluated with a combination of ultrasonography, cardiac MRI [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], and cardiac CT [Computed Tomography] scan to rule out or confirm the presence of cardiac masses. […] Any appearance of cardiac masses should be pertinently followed by surgical intervention, intraoperative frozen section, and histological examination to verify the diagnosis of angiosarcoma.

• #111 Expression of angiopoietin-TIE system components in angiosarcoma | Modern Pathology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201343

  To examine potential roles for ANGPT-TIE pathway components in angiosarcoma diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment, we assessed the expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, TIE1 and TEK (TIE2) by immunohistochemistry in 51 clinically annotated human angiosarcoma samples. […] Our observation that increased expression of ANGPT-TIE system components is associated with both the more favorable vasoformative histological pattern and improved overall survival is consistent with a loss of endothelial markers with progression to more aggressive disease. […] The correlation between increased angiopoietin-1 expression and overall survival is not simply explained by correlations with other known prognostic factors. […] Thus, immunohistochemical evaluation of these proteins in angiosarcoma could potentially be used as a part of therapeutic decision making.

• #112 Expression of angiopoietin-TIE system components in angiosarcoma | Modern Pathology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201343

  Angiosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of endothelial differentiation. Potential roles of the endothelial angiopoietin-tunica interna endothelial cell kinase (ANGPT-TIE) system in angiosarcoma diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment are undefined. […] To examine the expression and prognostic significance of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, TIE1 and TEK (TIE2) proteins in angiosarcoma, we immunohistochemically evaluated clinically annotated human angiosarcoma samples. […] We conclude that components of the ANGPT-TIE system are commonly expressed in angiosarcomas. Reduced expression of these proteins is associated with non-vasoformative and clinically more aggressive lesions. […] Little information is available regarding the expression of ANGPT-TIE pathway components in human angiosarcoma samples.

• #113 Expression of angiopoietin-TIE system components in angiosarcoma | Modern Pathology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201343

  To examine potential roles for ANGPT-TIE pathway components in angiosarcoma diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment, we assessed the expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, TIE1 and TEK (TIE2) by immunohistochemistry in 51 clinically annotated human angiosarcoma samples. […] Our observation that increased expression of ANGPT-TIE system components is associated with both the more favorable vasoformative histological pattern and improved overall survival is consistent with a loss of endothelial markers with progression to more aggressive disease. […] The correlation between increased angiopoietin-1 expression and overall survival is not simply explained by correlations with other known prognostic factors. […] Thus, immunohistochemical evaluation of these proteins in angiosarcoma could potentially be used as a part of therapeutic decision making.

• #114 Angiosarcoma | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/angiosarcoma

  Angiosarcoma is a rare cancer of blood vessels that metastasizes rapidly and is very difficult to treat. […] Diagnosis […] Clinical exam. Depending on the region involved, patients can present with various symptoms. Ranging from skin discoloration or a soft-tissue mass when the skin is involved to large abdominal distension, pain and symptoms of liver failure when the liver is affected by angiosarcoma. […] Imaging. Multiple areas body imaging is usually performed to see if the tumor has spread into underlying structures. This usually includes: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the affected area, Computed Tomography (CT) of the lungs, evaluation of bones, etc. […] Laboratory. Additionally, there will likely be a request for the patient to undergo a small biopsy procedure. The piece of the tumor will be sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination by a pathologist, and at this point, a final diagnosis is made. Some gene mutations have been found in angiosarcoma, including mutations in the genes PTPRB and PLCG1, as well as the UP160–SLC43A3 fusion gene. […] The North American Pediatric Angiosarcoma Registry was established to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cancers in children.

• #115 Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment | Nai | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3153/2085

  The expression of those endothelial markers is heterogeneous in different types of vessels of various organs. […] Therefore, a combination of multiple markers may markedly improve the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis in challenging angiosarcoma cases. […] The addition of chemotherapy to surgery appears to have a survival benefit. The survival time in patients received surgery plus chemotherapy is longer than that in ones underwent surgery only. […] Further studies are required to determine the optimal treatment strategy for this rare disease entity.

Zobacz więcej