Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #2 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #3 Molluscum contagiosum – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum

  As of 2010, approximately 122 million people were affected worldwide by molluscum contagiosum (1.8% of the population). […] The condition has become more common in the United States since 1966.

• #4 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is estimated to be around 8000 cases per 100,000 annually. Molluscum contagiosum is a common disease that tends to affect children and immunocompromised adults. Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than women. There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] Worldwide, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum in children aged 0-16 year ranges from 5000 to 11500 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 8000 per 100,000 persons. […] Worldwide, the incidence of molluscum contagiosum is 1200-1400 per 100,000 persons per year. […] Outbreaks of molluscum contagiosum have occurred in different settings like swimming pools, but the exact information about outbreaks is not available due to the subclinical manifestations leading to under reporting.

• #5 Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review – JDDonline – Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

  https://jddonline.com/articles/molluscum-contagiosum-virus-evasion-of-immune-surveillance-a-review-S1545961623P0182X/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an acute infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) with a worldwide incidence of approximately 8,000 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. […] Greater than 90% of MC cases occur in the pediatric population, and affected adults are more likely to be younger or immunocompromised. […] Immunity to MCV varies significantly in different geographic regions; but adults tend to have a higher seroprevalence of anti-MCV antibodies than children, ranging from 6% to 30%. […] However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that recovery from MCV does not prevent future infection. […] MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. […] The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis.

• #6 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Molluscum-Contagiosum-Epidemiology.aspx

  Molluscum contagiosum represents a benign skin infection that predominantly affects children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Worldwide the incidence of this condition (caused by a specific type of poxvirus) ranges from 2 to 8%, and recently it has been linked to the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] Even though the virus is transmitted directly and large outbreaks have been noted, the epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum has not been completely elucidated. Available studies on this topic are scarce and are mostly focused on risk factors or rates of the infection in specific population groups (with an emphasis on the age of the subjects and their immunological status). […] Recent reports show that prevalence rates of molluscum contagiosum are definitely on the rise. This is especially evident in the UK, where a 50% increase has been observed between 1998 and 2008, and the trend continues even in this decade. Furthermore, in Australia a seroprevalence of 23% has been documented, and as many as 20% of female sex workers from India are affected by this viral disease. […] High prevalence rates are also found in HIV-infected individuals, especially those with CD4 cell counts lower than 100 cells per microliter (L) of blood.

• #7 Molluscum contagiosum – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum

  As of 2010, approximately 122 million people were affected worldwide by molluscum contagiosum (1.8% of the population). […] The condition has become more common in the United States since 1966.

• #8 Molluscum Contagiosum – Pelthos Therapeutics

  https://pelthos.com/molluscum-contagiosum/

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common, contagious skin infection caused by the molluscipoxvirus. More than 1 million new cases diagnosed annually. Affects approximately ~6 million people in the U.S. Prevalence in the US of 5.1% to 11.5% in children aged 0-16 years. […] The average time to resolution is 13 months, however, some children experience lesions that may not resolve in 24 months. […] Primarily affects children under the age of 14.

• #9 Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) – Epidemiology Forecast – 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5526028/molluscum-contagiosum-mc-epidemiology?srsltid=AfmBOopah5UJbRuO813fMuQH705xxatOnltgK7s-jWBlLCTybpDUE22q

  Molluscum Contagiosum epidemiology division provides insights into the historical and incident patient pool, along with the forecasted trend for all seven major countries. […] The total prevalent cases of Molluscum Contagiosum patients in the 7MM are increasing during the study period, i.e., 2019-2032. […] The report includes the prevalent cases of Molluscum Contagiosum in 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. […] The epidemiology segment also provides the Molluscum Contagiosum epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The prevalent cases of Molluscum Contagiosum associated in 7MM countries were around 12.6 million in 2021.

• #10 Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) – Epidemiology Forecast – 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5526028/molluscum-contagiosum-mc-epidemiology?srsltid=AfmBOopah5UJbRuO813fMuQH705xxatOnltgK7s-jWBlLCTybpDUE22q

  As per the estimates, the United States has the largest prevalent population of Molluscum Contagiosum. […] Among the EU5 countries, France had the highest prevalent cases of Molluscum Contagiosum with around 1.3 million cases whereas Spain had the lowest prevalent cases with around 680,000 cases in 2021. […] The report provides insight into Molluscum Contagiosum historical and forecasted patient pool in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK), and Japan. […] The report provides the segmentation of the Molluscum Contagiosum epidemiology by the prevalent cases of Molluscum Contagiosum in 7MM. […] The report provides the Molluscum Contagiosum epidemiology segmentation by gender-specific cases of Molluscum Contagiosum in 7MM.

• #11 Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review – JDDonline – Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

  https://jddonline.com/articles/molluscum-contagiosum-virus-evasion-of-immune-surveillance-a-review-S1545961623P0182X/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an acute infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) with a worldwide incidence of approximately 8,000 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. […] Greater than 90% of MC cases occur in the pediatric population, and affected adults are more likely to be younger or immunocompromised. […] Immunity to MCV varies significantly in different geographic regions; but adults tend to have a higher seroprevalence of anti-MCV antibodies than children, ranging from 6% to 30%. […] However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that recovery from MCV does not prevent future infection. […] MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. […] The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis.

• #12 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #13 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review -ORCA

  https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/80099/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition that primarily affects children, a common reason for presenting in primary care and is commonly seen in children presenting with other conditions in primary and secondary care. […] The largest incidence is in children aged between 0 and 14 years, where the incidence rate ranged from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. Incidence rates in the UK were highest in those aged 14 years. […] Meta-analysis suggests a point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years of between 5.1% and 11.5%. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. Swimming and eczema are associated with the presence of MC, but the causal relationships are unclear. There is a lack of data regarding the natural history of MC and published data are insufficient to determine temporal or geographic patterns in incidence, risk factors, duration of symptoms or transmission between family members.

• #14 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #15 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Data on the case fatality rate of molluscum contagiosum is not available. Molluscum contagiosum only can lead to fatality in immunocompromised adults, which may be associated with other opportunistic infections and thus the fatality rate is difficult to determine. […] The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum decreases with age. […] Incidence first peaks in preschool/school-aged children, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 1-4 years. […] If diagnosed in adults, molluscum contagiosum will most commonly be seen in the 18 to 20 year age group. […] Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. […] In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than in women. […] The male to female ratio is approximately 3 to 1. […] There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] There are no geographic predispositions to molluscum contagiosum.

• #16 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is rare in children younger than age 1 year, perhaps because of maternally transmitted immunity and a long incubation period; otherwise, incidence seems to reflect exposure to others. […] The greatest incidence is in children younger than age 5 years and in young adults. […] Spread of the virus among households is common in warm climate countries where children are lightly dressed and in close contact with one another and where personal hygiene may be poor. […] In cooler climates, spread within households is less common, and infection is more common at a later age.

• #17 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #18 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review

  http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/103996/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition that primarily affects children, a common reason for presenting in primary care and is commonly seen in children presenting with other conditions in primary and secondary care. […] The largest incidence is in children aged between 0 and 14 years, where the incidence rate ranged from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. Incidence rates in the UK were highest in those aged 14 years. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] There is a lack of data regarding the natural history of MC and published data are insufficient to determine temporal or geographic patterns in incidence, risk factors, duration of symptoms or transmission between family members.

• #19 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is rare in children younger than age 1 year, perhaps because of maternally transmitted immunity and a long incubation period; otherwise, incidence seems to reflect exposure to others. […] The greatest incidence is in children younger than age 5 years and in young adults. […] Spread of the virus among households is common in warm climate countries where children are lightly dressed and in close contact with one another and where personal hygiene may be poor. […] In cooler climates, spread within households is less common, and infection is more common at a later age.

• #20 Molluscum Contagiosum | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/molluscum-contagiosum-pro

  Molluscum contagiosum is common. The exact prevalence is uncertain because many people never seek medical care. […] Over 90% of those presenting in UK general practice are under the age of 15 years. […] The incidence in children ranges from 2-10% and prevalence ranges from from 5-12%. […] People with HIV infection are particularly prone to molluscum contagiosum. The prevalence in people with HIV has been reported to be between 5% and 33%. […] A systematic literature review in 2014 concluded that: Evidence on epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum is generally of poor quality. […] The greatest incidence is in children under the age of 14 years, and highest in the 1- to 4-year-old age group. […] Incidence rate ranges from 12-14 episodes per 1,000 per year in children. […] Point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years is 5.1-11.5%.

• #21 Molluscum Contagiosum – Verrica Pharmaceuticals

  https://verrica.com/keypublication_groups/molluscum-contagiosum/

  The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum (MC) is characterized by its common occurrence in children, with a significant incidence rate observed in those aged between 0 and 14 years, ranging from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. […] Data on the epidemiology of MC is largely of poor quality. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC, and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] The rate of MC consultations in primary care for children aged 0 to 14 years is 9.5 per 1000. […] Consultation rates for MC have declined by 50% from 2004 to 2013. […] A primary care diagnosis of atopic eczema is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #22 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children -ORCA

  https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/70412/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition in children presenting to primary care in the United Kingdom (UK) and is typically diagnosed based on its distinct appearance. […] There are limited data on the epidemiology of MC in UK children. […] The study highlighted decreasing trends in consultation rates for MC by 50% during the 10 year study period 2004-13. […] Nearly half of households reported transmission to one or more children from an index case. […] Overall MC had a small effect on QoL however, 1 in 10 children experienced a very severe effect on QoL. […] These data can provide parents, and other interested stakeholders, with accurate information of the epidemiology of the condition to aid the management in both clinical and community settings.

• #23 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  The Hidden Impact of Molluscum Contagiosum: A Survey of Caregivers Experiences with Diagnosis, Treatment, and Impact on Quality of Life. […] Molluscum contagiosum (molluscum) is considered benign and self-limiting. […] Caregivers reported moderate to major impact on their lives (62%) or their child’s life (74%) due to molluscum. […] Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review. […] Data on the epidemiology of MC is largely of poor quality. […] The largest incidence is in children aged between 0 and 14 years, where the incidence rate ranged from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors.

• #24 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. […] Molluscum contagiosum is one of the 50 most prevalent diseases worldwide, but scarce epidemiological data exist for childhood molluscum contagiosum. […] The mean time to resolution was 13.3 months (SD 8.2). […] Molluscum contagiosum had a small effect on quality of life for most participants, although 33 (11%) of 301 participants had a very severe effect on quality of life (CDLQI score 13). […] One in ten children with molluscum contagiosum is likely to have a substantial effect on their quality of life and therefore treatment should be considered for some children, especially those with many lesions or who have been identified as having a severe effect on quality of life. […] A primary care diagnosis of AE is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #25 Molluscum Contagiosum – Pelthos Therapeutics

  https://pelthos.com/molluscum-contagiosum/

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common, contagious skin infection caused by the molluscipoxvirus. More than 1 million new cases diagnosed annually. Affects approximately ~6 million people in the U.S. Prevalence in the US of 5.1% to 11.5% in children aged 0-16 years. […] The average time to resolution is 13 months, however, some children experience lesions that may not resolve in 24 months. […] Primarily affects children under the age of 14.

• #26 A Dermatologist’s guide to Molluscum Contagiosum | Craig Singer MD Dermatology

  https://singerderm.com/dermatologist-guide-to-molluscum-contagiosum/

  Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) is a viral skin infection seen most commonly in young to school-age children. […] The prevalence of MC seems to be on the rise. A recent meta-analysis suggests a prevalence in children between 5 to 10% with a tendency towards higher rates in 1 to 4-year-olds. […] There is evidence for increased risk of MC infection in those who have eczema, bathing with an infected sibling, and possibly through swimming pools, though this should not be a reason to limit swimming. […] A recently published study (Olsen JR Lancet 2015) states that: 50% of Molluscum Contagiosum lesions resolve spontaneously within 6-12 months, 30% of cases persist beyond 18 months, 13% of cases persist beyond 24 months. […] The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children. […] Epidemiology and impact of childhood molluscum contagiosum: a case series and critical review of the literature.

• #27 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. […] Molluscum contagiosum is one of the 50 most prevalent diseases worldwide, but scarce epidemiological data exist for childhood molluscum contagiosum. […] The mean time to resolution was 13.3 months (SD 8.2). […] Molluscum contagiosum had a small effect on quality of life for most participants, although 33 (11%) of 301 participants had a very severe effect on quality of life (CDLQI score 13). […] One in ten children with molluscum contagiosum is likely to have a substantial effect on their quality of life and therefore treatment should be considered for some children, especially those with many lesions or who have been identified as having a severe effect on quality of life. […] A primary care diagnosis of AE is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #28 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children -ORCA

  https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/70412/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition in children presenting to primary care in the United Kingdom (UK) and is typically diagnosed based on its distinct appearance. […] There are limited data on the epidemiology of MC in UK children. […] The study highlighted decreasing trends in consultation rates for MC by 50% during the 10 year study period 2004-13. […] Nearly half of households reported transmission to one or more children from an index case. […] Overall MC had a small effect on QoL however, 1 in 10 children experienced a very severe effect on QoL. […] These data can provide parents, and other interested stakeholders, with accurate information of the epidemiology of the condition to aid the management in both clinical and community settings.

• #29 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #30 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. […] Molluscum contagiosum is one of the 50 most prevalent diseases worldwide, but scarce epidemiological data exist for childhood molluscum contagiosum. […] The mean time to resolution was 13.3 months (SD 8.2). […] Molluscum contagiosum had a small effect on quality of life for most participants, although 33 (11%) of 301 participants had a very severe effect on quality of life (CDLQI score 13). […] One in ten children with molluscum contagiosum is likely to have a substantial effect on their quality of life and therefore treatment should be considered for some children, especially those with many lesions or who have been identified as having a severe effect on quality of life. […] A primary care diagnosis of AE is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #31 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #32 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #33 Molluscum Contagiosum | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25233

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common medical concern. In 2010, there were about 122 million cases. It occurs worldwide but seems to be more frequent in warm, humid regions. Molluscum contagiosum is diagnosed mainly in children aged two to five years, but also in sexually active teenagers and adults, and immunocompromised persons. […] In people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the clinical prevalence of molluscum contagiosum may reach up to 18%. No gender predominance is noted.

• #34 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #35 Molluscum Contagiosum (Molluscipoxvirus) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/molluscum-contagiosum-molluscipoxvirus/

  Immunosuppressed individuals are at a higher risk for MCV infection as well as an atypical presentation of MCV infection. […] Infections in this population typically persist for years and have a higher incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Giant molluscum (1cm in diameter) are observed in HIV/AIDS patients and can be a marker for decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. It has been reported that over 30% of patients with HIV/AIDS that have a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/mL are also co-infected with MCV.

• #36 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #37 Molluscum Contagiosum (Molluscipoxvirus) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/molluscum-contagiosum-molluscipoxvirus/

  Immunosuppressed individuals are at a higher risk for MCV infection as well as an atypical presentation of MCV infection. […] Infections in this population typically persist for years and have a higher incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Giant molluscum (1cm in diameter) are observed in HIV/AIDS patients and can be a marker for decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. It has been reported that over 30% of patients with HIV/AIDS that have a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/mL are also co-infected with MCV.

• #38 Molluscum Contagiosum (Molluscipoxvirus) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/molluscum-contagiosum-molluscipoxvirus/

  Immunosuppressed individuals are at a higher risk for MCV infection as well as an atypical presentation of MCV infection. […] Infections in this population typically persist for years and have a higher incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Giant molluscum (1cm in diameter) are observed in HIV/AIDS patients and can be a marker for decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. It has been reported that over 30% of patients with HIV/AIDS that have a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/mL are also co-infected with MCV.

• #39 Giant Molluscum contagiosum – A clue to the diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection | Atlantis Press

  https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/jegh/125905945

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign cutaneous viral infection, affecting mainly children and young adults. […] The fact that awareness of this condition as being the first sign of HIV infection should prompt diagnostic investigation, especially in India where access to healthcare facilities is limited.

• #40 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #41 Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review – JDDonline – Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

  https://jddonline.com/articles/molluscum-contagiosum-virus-evasion-of-immune-surveillance-a-review-S1545961623P0182X/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an acute infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) with a worldwide incidence of approximately 8,000 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. […] Greater than 90% of MC cases occur in the pediatric population, and affected adults are more likely to be younger or immunocompromised. […] Immunity to MCV varies significantly in different geographic regions; but adults tend to have a higher seroprevalence of anti-MCV antibodies than children, ranging from 6% to 30%. […] However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that recovery from MCV does not prevent future infection. […] MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. […] The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis.

• #42 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Data on the case fatality rate of molluscum contagiosum is not available. Molluscum contagiosum only can lead to fatality in immunocompromised adults, which may be associated with other opportunistic infections and thus the fatality rate is difficult to determine. […] The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum decreases with age. […] Incidence first peaks in preschool/school-aged children, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 1-4 years. […] If diagnosed in adults, molluscum contagiosum will most commonly be seen in the 18 to 20 year age group. […] Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. […] In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than in women. […] The male to female ratio is approximately 3 to 1. […] There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] There are no geographic predispositions to molluscum contagiosum.

• #43

  https://step2.medbullets.com/dermatology/120053/molluscum-contagiosum

  Epidemiology […] Incidence […] up to 30% in patients with HIV […] […] […] Demographics […] school-aged children […] most common […] transmitted via physical contact with other children […] […] […] adolescents and young adults […] transmitted via sexual contact and can present as genital lesions […] […] […] immunocompromised individuals […] transmitted via physical or sexual contact […] […] […] Risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunocompromise

• #44 About Molluscum Contagiosum | Molluscum Contagiosum | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/about/index.html

  Molluscum contagiosum is very common in the United States. […] Anyone can get infected, but molluscum is most common in children between 1 and 10 years old. […] Because it’s most common in children, many kids in daycare centers and schools may get molluscum. […] You can get molluscum if you touch someone who has it. […] You can also catch molluscum if you have sex with someone who has it. Many molluscum infections in adults occur this way.

• #45 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Molluscum-Contagiosum-Epidemiology.aspx

  Molluscum contagiosum represents a benign skin infection that predominantly affects children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Worldwide the incidence of this condition (caused by a specific type of poxvirus) ranges from 2 to 8%, and recently it has been linked to the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] Even though the virus is transmitted directly and large outbreaks have been noted, the epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum has not been completely elucidated. Available studies on this topic are scarce and are mostly focused on risk factors or rates of the infection in specific population groups (with an emphasis on the age of the subjects and their immunological status). […] Recent reports show that prevalence rates of molluscum contagiosum are definitely on the rise. This is especially evident in the UK, where a 50% increase has been observed between 1998 and 2008, and the trend continues even in this decade. Furthermore, in Australia a seroprevalence of 23% has been documented, and as many as 20% of female sex workers from India are affected by this viral disease. […] High prevalence rates are also found in HIV-infected individuals, especially those with CD4 cell counts lower than 100 cells per microliter (L) of blood.

• #46 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Data on the case fatality rate of molluscum contagiosum is not available. Molluscum contagiosum only can lead to fatality in immunocompromised adults, which may be associated with other opportunistic infections and thus the fatality rate is difficult to determine. […] The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum decreases with age. […] Incidence first peaks in preschool/school-aged children, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 1-4 years. […] If diagnosed in adults, molluscum contagiosum will most commonly be seen in the 18 to 20 year age group. […] Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. […] In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than in women. […] The male to female ratio is approximately 3 to 1. […] There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] There are no geographic predispositions to molluscum contagiosum.

• #47 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #48 Molluscum Contagiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441898/

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common medical concern. In 2010, there were about 122 million cases. It occurs worldwide but seems to be more frequent in warm, humid regions. Molluscum contagiosum is diagnosed mainly in children aged two to five years, but also in sexually active teenagers and adults, and immunocompromised persons. Atopic dermatitis may increase the risk of developing molluscum contagiosum since it alters the skin barrier and immunity function. In people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the clinical prevalence of molluscum contagiosum may reach up to 18%. No gender predominance is noted. […] The management of molluscum contagiosum is best done with an interprofessional team that also includes the primary care provider and nurse practitioner. The important thing is that these lesions spontaneously resolve in most patients; thus patient education is vital. Patients should be told that there is a small risk of autoinoculation or infection of others. For those who decide to be treated, more than one session may be required. This information is important for the patient as it prevents them from seeking unnecessary therapies and making unreasonable demands. Parents should not keep children out of school, but the infected skin area can be covered with a garment. Since this virus can be sexually transmitted, the patient should be encouraged to practice safe sex and use barrier methods for protection.

• #49 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #50 Molluscum Contagiosum – Verrica Pharmaceuticals

  https://verrica.com/keypublication_groups/molluscum-contagiosum/

  The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum (MC) is characterized by its common occurrence in children, with a significant incidence rate observed in those aged between 0 and 14 years, ranging from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. […] Data on the epidemiology of MC is largely of poor quality. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC, and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] The rate of MC consultations in primary care for children aged 0 to 14 years is 9.5 per 1000. […] Consultation rates for MC have declined by 50% from 2004 to 2013. […] A primary care diagnosis of atopic eczema is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #51 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. […] Molluscum contagiosum is one of the 50 most prevalent diseases worldwide, but scarce epidemiological data exist for childhood molluscum contagiosum. […] The mean time to resolution was 13.3 months (SD 8.2). […] Molluscum contagiosum had a small effect on quality of life for most participants, although 33 (11%) of 301 participants had a very severe effect on quality of life (CDLQI score 13). […] One in ten children with molluscum contagiosum is likely to have a substantial effect on their quality of life and therefore treatment should be considered for some children, especially those with many lesions or who have been identified as having a severe effect on quality of life. […] A primary care diagnosis of AE is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #52 Molecular epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum virus and analysis of the host-serum, antibody response in Spanish HIV-negative patients

  https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/items/740c48c3-c5e0-464b-8b0a-f10ba53acc95

  Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) lesions from Spanish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients were clinically examined and analyzed for virus detection and typing. In a study of 147 patients, 97 (66%) were children under 10 years, of whom 49% had atopic dermatitis. […] The deduced MCVI/MCVII ratio (146:1) was much higher than that found in other geographical areas. […] The host-serum antibody response was weak and variable, although no significant differences were found between atopic and nonatopic patients.

• #53 Molecular epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum virus and analysis of the host-serum, antibody response in Spanish HIV-negative patients

  https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/items/740c48c3-c5e0-464b-8b0a-f10ba53acc95

  Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) lesions from Spanish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients were clinically examined and analyzed for virus detection and typing. In a study of 147 patients, 97 (66%) were children under 10 years, of whom 49% had atopic dermatitis. […] The deduced MCVI/MCVII ratio (146:1) was much higher than that found in other geographical areas. […] The host-serum antibody response was weak and variable, although no significant differences were found between atopic and nonatopic patients.

• #54 Molluscum Contagiosum | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688687/all/Molluscum_Contagiosum?q=Alternative+Complementary+Medicine+and

  Molluscum contagiosum is highly contagious and spreads by autoinoculation, skin-to-skin contact, sexual contact, and shared clothing/towels. […] 1% in the United States, occurring mainly in children aged 2 to 15 years and sexually active young adults […] 518% HIV population.

• #55 Molluscum contagiosum

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/molluscum-contagiosum

  Molluscum contagiosum infection occurs worldwide. Surveys in other countries suggest that peak incidence occurs during childhood. A serosurvey in New South Wales in 1998 showed an overall seroprevalence of 23 per cent and increasing positivity according to age. The seropositivity rate increased from less than 10 per cent in those under 5 years of age to approximately 20 per cent by age 10. […] Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted by direct contact, fomites or sexual contact. […] The period of communicability is unknown but probably as long as the lesions persist. […] People of any age may be affected, although infection is more common in children. Infection is more common and more severe in the immunosuppressed.

• #56 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #57 Molluscum contagiosum – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/310

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection in children and young adults and is usually acquired through direct skin-to-skin contact. […] Immunocompromise and underlying skin disease, particularly atopic dermatitis, increase the risk of molluscum infection. […] Anogenital molluscum should prompt a full sexual health screen. […] Most molluscum contagiosum infections require no treatment and resolve spontaneously. […] Risk factors include close contact with an infected individual, sexual contact with an infected individual, atopic dermatitis, immunocompromise, tropical climate, and swimming.

• #58 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #59 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #60 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #61 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection that affects primarily pediatric patients, sexually active young adults, and immunocompromised people of all ages. MC occurs all over the world, making up about one percent of skin disorders and appears to be increasing in prevalence. […] The prevalence of MC in the United States (US) general population is approximately five percent; pediatric patients are disproportionately affected by MC compared to adults, with the highest incidence of MC occurring among children under the age of 14 years. […] The prevalence rate of MC for American children might be as high as 62 percent, with a point prevalence of MC in children between the ages of 0 and 16 years of 5.1 percent and 11.5 percent. […] Risk factors for MC include a compromised immune system (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), organ transplant, chemotherapy); frequent attendance at MC hot spots (e.g., day care centers, schools, pools); skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual (sexual or nonsexual); and atopic dermatitis.

• #62 Molluscum Contagiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441898/

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common medical concern. In 2010, there were about 122 million cases. It occurs worldwide but seems to be more frequent in warm, humid regions. Molluscum contagiosum is diagnosed mainly in children aged two to five years, but also in sexually active teenagers and adults, and immunocompromised persons. Atopic dermatitis may increase the risk of developing molluscum contagiosum since it alters the skin barrier and immunity function. In people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the clinical prevalence of molluscum contagiosum may reach up to 18%. No gender predominance is noted. […] The management of molluscum contagiosum is best done with an interprofessional team that also includes the primary care provider and nurse practitioner. The important thing is that these lesions spontaneously resolve in most patients; thus patient education is vital. Patients should be told that there is a small risk of autoinoculation or infection of others. For those who decide to be treated, more than one session may be required. This information is important for the patient as it prevents them from seeking unnecessary therapies and making unreasonable demands. Parents should not keep children out of school, but the infected skin area can be covered with a garment. Since this virus can be sexually transmitted, the patient should be encouraged to practice safe sex and use barrier methods for protection.

• #63 Molluscum contagiosum – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/310

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection in children and young adults and is usually acquired through direct skin-to-skin contact. […] Immunocompromise and underlying skin disease, particularly atopic dermatitis, increase the risk of molluscum infection. […] Anogenital molluscum should prompt a full sexual health screen. […] Most molluscum contagiosum infections require no treatment and resolve spontaneously. […] Risk factors include close contact with an infected individual, sexual contact with an infected individual, atopic dermatitis, immunocompromise, tropical climate, and swimming.

• #64 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #65 Molluscum Contagiosum | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/molluscum-contagiosum.htm

  Anyone can get molluscum contagiosum, but it is most common in kids between the ages of 1 to 10 years old. […] People who live in warm, humid climates where living conditions are crowded are at an increased risk of getting the infection. […] People who participate in contact sports may be at increased risk of infection. […] People can become infected through sexual contact with an infected person. […] Signs and symptoms show up within one week to six months after contact with the virus. […] People with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk for getting the infection and may have a more severe infection that is harder to treat. […] Treatment of molluscum contagiosum infection does not prevent future infections. […] It is especially important to cover growths when playing contact sports, such as wrestling, basketball, soccer, and football.

• #66 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #67 Molluscum Contagiosum | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/molluscum-contagiosum.htm

  Anyone can get molluscum contagiosum, but it is most common in kids between the ages of 1 to 10 years old. […] People who live in warm, humid climates where living conditions are crowded are at an increased risk of getting the infection. […] People who participate in contact sports may be at increased risk of infection. […] People can become infected through sexual contact with an infected person. […] Signs and symptoms show up within one week to six months after contact with the virus. […] People with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk for getting the infection and may have a more severe infection that is harder to treat. […] Treatment of molluscum contagiosum infection does not prevent future infections. […] It is especially important to cover growths when playing contact sports, such as wrestling, basketball, soccer, and football.

• #68 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review -ORCA

  https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/80099/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition that primarily affects children, a common reason for presenting in primary care and is commonly seen in children presenting with other conditions in primary and secondary care. […] The largest incidence is in children aged between 0 and 14 years, where the incidence rate ranged from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. Incidence rates in the UK were highest in those aged 14 years. […] Meta-analysis suggests a point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years of between 5.1% and 11.5%. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 14 years. Swimming and eczema are associated with the presence of MC, but the causal relationships are unclear. There is a lack of data regarding the natural history of MC and published data are insufficient to determine temporal or geographic patterns in incidence, risk factors, duration of symptoms or transmission between family members.

• #69 Molluscum Contagiosum Background

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/molluscum-contagiosum-background/

  The Hidden Impact of Molluscum Contagiosum: A Survey of Caregivers Experiences with Diagnosis, Treatment, and Impact on Quality of Life. […] Molluscum contagiosum (molluscum) is considered benign and self-limiting. […] Caregivers reported moderate to major impact on their lives (62%) or their child’s life (74%) due to molluscum. […] Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review. […] Data on the epidemiology of MC is largely of poor quality. […] The largest incidence is in children aged between 0 and 14 years, where the incidence rate ranged from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors.

• #70 A Dermatologist’s guide to Molluscum Contagiosum | Craig Singer MD Dermatology

  https://singerderm.com/dermatologist-guide-to-molluscum-contagiosum/

  Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) is a viral skin infection seen most commonly in young to school-age children. […] The prevalence of MC seems to be on the rise. A recent meta-analysis suggests a prevalence in children between 5 to 10% with a tendency towards higher rates in 1 to 4-year-olds. […] There is evidence for increased risk of MC infection in those who have eczema, bathing with an infected sibling, and possibly through swimming pools, though this should not be a reason to limit swimming. […] A recently published study (Olsen JR Lancet 2015) states that: 50% of Molluscum Contagiosum lesions resolve spontaneously within 6-12 months, 30% of cases persist beyond 18 months, 13% of cases persist beyond 24 months. […] The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children. […] Epidemiology and impact of childhood molluscum contagiosum: a case series and critical review of the literature.

• #71 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is rare in children younger than age 1 year, perhaps because of maternally transmitted immunity and a long incubation period; otherwise, incidence seems to reflect exposure to others. […] The greatest incidence is in children younger than age 5 years and in young adults. […] Spread of the virus among households is common in warm climate countries where children are lightly dressed and in close contact with one another and where personal hygiene may be poor. […] In cooler climates, spread within households is less common, and infection is more common at a later age.

• #72 Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children -ORCA

  https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/70412/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common skin condition in children presenting to primary care in the United Kingdom (UK) and is typically diagnosed based on its distinct appearance. […] There are limited data on the epidemiology of MC in UK children. […] The study highlighted decreasing trends in consultation rates for MC by 50% during the 10 year study period 2004-13. […] Nearly half of households reported transmission to one or more children from an index case. […] Overall MC had a small effect on QoL however, 1 in 10 children experienced a very severe effect on QoL. […] These data can provide parents, and other interested stakeholders, with accurate information of the epidemiology of the condition to aid the management in both clinical and community settings.

• #73 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #74 MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

  https://virus.stanford.edu/pox/2000/molluscum_contagiosum.html

  Molluscum contagiosum occurs worldwide, but is much more frequent in certain areas like Zaire and Papua New Guinea. […] The virus is transmitted by direct bodily contact, through minor abrasions, or indirectly via fomites. […] Among young adults, it is usually a sexually transmitted disease. […] Since 1980, there have been reports in the U.S. of greater severity of molluscum contagiosum in patients infected with HIV.

• #75 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #76 Molluscum Contagiosum: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-overview

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection throughout the United States and accounts for approximately 1% of all skin disorders diagnosed. […] The prevalence rate in patients with HIV is reported to be 5-18%, and, if the CD4 cell counts are less than 100 cells/L, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is reported to be as high as 33%. […] The molluscum contagiosum virus occurs throughout the world, and its incidence in most areas is not reliably known. It is more prevalent in tropical areas. […] Epidemiologic studies suggest that transmission may be related to poor hygiene and climatic factors such as warmth and humidity. […] During a US longitudinal study performed from 1977-1981, 2-4 times as many cases were found in whites than in persons of other races. […] Several studies have shown that males are affected by molluscum contagiosum more commonly than are females.

• #77 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Data on the case fatality rate of molluscum contagiosum is not available. Molluscum contagiosum only can lead to fatality in immunocompromised adults, which may be associated with other opportunistic infections and thus the fatality rate is difficult to determine. […] The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum decreases with age. […] Incidence first peaks in preschool/school-aged children, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 1-4 years. […] If diagnosed in adults, molluscum contagiosum will most commonly be seen in the 18 to 20 year age group. […] Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. […] In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than in women. […] The male to female ratio is approximately 3 to 1. […] There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] There are no geographic predispositions to molluscum contagiosum.

• #78 The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005255

  The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum (MC) in the United States is largely unknown, despite the fact that the virus is directly communicable and large outbreaks occur. This study provides population-based estimates to describe the epidemiology of MC in the United States among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. […] The average annual rate of MC-associated outpatient visits was 20.15/10,000 AI/AN persons for 2001-2005 (13,711 total visits), which was similar to the rate for the general US population (22.0/10,000 [95% CI: 16.9-27.1]). […] This study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC in the United States. High rates of MC were found among AI/AN persons, especially among children 1-4 years old. The AI/AN population would benefit from greater availability of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of MCV infection.

• #79 The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005255

  The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum (MC) in the United States is largely unknown, despite the fact that the virus is directly communicable and large outbreaks occur. This study provides population-based estimates to describe the epidemiology of MC in the United States among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. […] The average annual rate of MC-associated outpatient visits was 20.15/10,000 AI/AN persons for 2001-2005 (13,711 total visits), which was similar to the rate for the general US population (22.0/10,000 [95% CI: 16.9-27.1]). […] This study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC in the United States. High rates of MC were found among AI/AN persons, especially among children 1-4 years old. The AI/AN population would benefit from greater availability of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of MCV infection.

• #80 Molecular epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum virus and analysis of the host-serum, antibody response in Spanish HIV-negative patients

  https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/items/740c48c3-c5e0-464b-8b0a-f10ba53acc95

  Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) lesions from Spanish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients were clinically examined and analyzed for virus detection and typing. In a study of 147 patients, 97 (66%) were children under 10 years, of whom 49% had atopic dermatitis. […] The deduced MCVI/MCVII ratio (146:1) was much higher than that found in other geographical areas. […] The host-serum antibody response was weak and variable, although no significant differences were found between atopic and nonatopic patients.

• #81 Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review – JDDonline – Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

  https://jddonline.com/articles/molluscum-contagiosum-virus-evasion-of-immune-surveillance-a-review-S1545961623P0182X/

  Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an acute infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) with a worldwide incidence of approximately 8,000 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. […] Greater than 90% of MC cases occur in the pediatric population, and affected adults are more likely to be younger or immunocompromised. […] Immunity to MCV varies significantly in different geographic regions; but adults tend to have a higher seroprevalence of anti-MCV antibodies than children, ranging from 6% to 30%. […] However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that recovery from MCV does not prevent future infection. […] MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. […] The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis.

• #82 Molluscum contagiosum

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/molluscum-contagiosum

  Molluscum contagiosum infection occurs worldwide. Surveys in other countries suggest that peak incidence occurs during childhood. A serosurvey in New South Wales in 1998 showed an overall seroprevalence of 23 per cent and increasing positivity according to age. The seropositivity rate increased from less than 10 per cent in those under 5 years of age to approximately 20 per cent by age 10. […] Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted by direct contact, fomites or sexual contact. […] The period of communicability is unknown but probably as long as the lesions persist. […] People of any age may be affected, although infection is more common in children. Infection is more common and more severe in the immunosuppressed.

• #83 Molluscum Contagiosum – Verrica Pharmaceuticals

  https://verrica.com/keypublication_groups/molluscum-contagiosum/

  The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum (MC) is characterized by its common occurrence in children, with a significant incidence rate observed in those aged between 0 and 14 years, ranging from 12 to 14 episodes per 1000 children per year. […] Data on the epidemiology of MC is largely of poor quality. […] There is evidence for an association between swimming and having MC, and MC is more common in those with eczema; however, there is little evidence for other risk factors. […] The rate of MC consultations in primary care for children aged 0 to 14 years is 9.5 per 1000. […] Consultation rates for MC have declined by 50% from 2004 to 2013. […] A primary care diagnosis of atopic eczema is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent primary care diagnosis of MC.

• #84 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Molluscum-Contagiosum-Epidemiology.aspx

  Molluscum contagiosum represents a benign skin infection that predominantly affects children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Worldwide the incidence of this condition (caused by a specific type of poxvirus) ranges from 2 to 8%, and recently it has been linked to the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] Even though the virus is transmitted directly and large outbreaks have been noted, the epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum has not been completely elucidated. Available studies on this topic are scarce and are mostly focused on risk factors or rates of the infection in specific population groups (with an emphasis on the age of the subjects and their immunological status). […] Recent reports show that prevalence rates of molluscum contagiosum are definitely on the rise. This is especially evident in the UK, where a 50% increase has been observed between 1998 and 2008, and the trend continues even in this decade. Furthermore, in Australia a seroprevalence of 23% has been documented, and as many as 20% of female sex workers from India are affected by this viral disease. […] High prevalence rates are also found in HIV-infected individuals, especially those with CD4 cell counts lower than 100 cells per microliter (L) of blood.

• #85 Molluscum Contagiosum | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/molluscum-contagiosum-pro

  Molluscum contagiosum is common. The exact prevalence is uncertain because many people never seek medical care. […] Over 90% of those presenting in UK general practice are under the age of 15 years. […] The incidence in children ranges from 2-10% and prevalence ranges from from 5-12%. […] People with HIV infection are particularly prone to molluscum contagiosum. The prevalence in people with HIV has been reported to be between 5% and 33%. […] A systematic literature review in 2014 concluded that: Evidence on epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum is generally of poor quality. […] The greatest incidence is in children under the age of 14 years, and highest in the 1- to 4-year-old age group. […] Incidence rate ranges from 12-14 episodes per 1,000 per year in children. […] Point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years is 5.1-11.5%.

• #86 Molluscum Contagiosum | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/molluscum-contagiosum-pro

  Molluscum contagiosum is common. The exact prevalence is uncertain because many people never seek medical care. […] Over 90% of those presenting in UK general practice are under the age of 15 years. […] The incidence in children ranges from 2-10% and prevalence ranges from from 5-12%. […] People with HIV infection are particularly prone to molluscum contagiosum. The prevalence in people with HIV has been reported to be between 5% and 33%. […] A systematic literature review in 2014 concluded that: Evidence on epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum is generally of poor quality. […] The greatest incidence is in children under the age of 14 years, and highest in the 1- to 4-year-old age group. […] Incidence rate ranges from 12-14 episodes per 1,000 per year in children. […] Point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years is 5.1-11.5%.

• #87 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #88 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Considerations, Treatment Options, and Therapeutic Gaps | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-considerations-treatment-options/

  Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, patients who have had organ transplants, or patients with cancer, are more likely to contract the Type II virus, which is responsible for about 60 percent of all MC infections in immunocompromised populations, with a prevalence of 5 to 18 percent. […] The common persistence of MC may be explained at least partially by one report showing that MC, via specific gene-induced mechanisms, can inhibit activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, affect natural killer (NK) cell recognition, and promote evasion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. […] Currently, there is strong consensus that MC should be actively treated. […] Despite MC affecting people of all ages worldwide, there is a relative paucity of epidemiologic studies and outcomes data in several patient populations around the world. Further studies are needed to address knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and therapeutic outcomes, especially in special patient populations.

• #89 The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005255

  In sum, this study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess long-term trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC, particularly as regards the age of initial MCV acquisition, associations with other concurrent skin conditions, and availability and use of medical interventions.

• #90 Molluscum Contagiosum

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/health-education/acute-disease-service/school-and-child-care-setting-resources/molluscum-contagiosum.html

  Molluscum contagiosum is common worldwide and accounts for about one percent of all skin disorders in the United States. […] Molluscum Contagiosum is not a reportable disease in Oklahoma.

• #91 Molluscum Contagiosum | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/molluscum-contagiosum-pro

  Molluscum contagiosum is common. The exact prevalence is uncertain because many people never seek medical care. […] Over 90% of those presenting in UK general practice are under the age of 15 years. […] The incidence in children ranges from 2-10% and prevalence ranges from from 5-12%. […] People with HIV infection are particularly prone to molluscum contagiosum. The prevalence in people with HIV has been reported to be between 5% and 33%. […] A systematic literature review in 2014 concluded that: Evidence on epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum is generally of poor quality. […] The greatest incidence is in children under the age of 14 years, and highest in the 1- to 4-year-old age group. […] Incidence rate ranges from 12-14 episodes per 1,000 per year in children. […] Point prevalence in children aged 0-16 years is 5.1-11.5%.

• #92 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is estimated to be around 8000 cases per 100,000 annually. Molluscum contagiosum is a common disease that tends to affect children and immunocompromised adults. Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than women. There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] Worldwide, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum in children aged 0-16 year ranges from 5000 to 11500 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 8000 per 100,000 persons. […] Worldwide, the incidence of molluscum contagiosum is 1200-1400 per 100,000 persons per year. […] Outbreaks of molluscum contagiosum have occurred in different settings like swimming pools, but the exact information about outbreaks is not available due to the subclinical manifestations leading to under reporting.

• #93 Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Molluscum_contagiosum_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is estimated to be around 8000 cases per 100,000 annually. Molluscum contagiosum is a common disease that tends to affect children and immunocompromised adults. Among children, boys and girls are affected equally by molluscum contagiosum. In adulthood, molluscum contagiosum is more prevalent in men than women. There is no racial predilection to molluscum contagiosum. […] Worldwide, the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum in children aged 0-16 year ranges from 5000 to 11500 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 8000 per 100,000 persons. […] Worldwide, the incidence of molluscum contagiosum is 1200-1400 per 100,000 persons per year. […] Outbreaks of molluscum contagiosum have occurred in different settings like swimming pools, but the exact information about outbreaks is not available due to the subclinical manifestations leading to under reporting.

• #94 Molluscum contagiosum – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/molluscum-contagiosum/

  Molluscum contagiosum is most common in childhood and early adolescence and is usually transmitted in this age group via skin contact and autoinoculation. […] More common in warm and humid climates or areas with poor hygiene. […] More common in immunocompromised individuals; up to 20% of HIV-positive patients have symptomatic infection. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Isolation precautions are not indicated for patients with molluscum contagiosum as the risk of transmission is usually low.

• #95 Molluscum Contagiosum | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/molluscum-contagiosum.htm

  Anyone can get molluscum contagiosum, but it is most common in kids between the ages of 1 to 10 years old. […] People who live in warm, humid climates where living conditions are crowded are at an increased risk of getting the infection. […] People who participate in contact sports may be at increased risk of infection. […] People can become infected through sexual contact with an infected person. […] Signs and symptoms show up within one week to six months after contact with the virus. […] People with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk for getting the infection and may have a more severe infection that is harder to treat. […] Treatment of molluscum contagiosum infection does not prevent future infections. […] It is especially important to cover growths when playing contact sports, such as wrestling, basketball, soccer, and football.

• #96 The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005255

  In sum, this study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess long-term trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC, particularly as regards the age of initial MCV acquisition, associations with other concurrent skin conditions, and availability and use of medical interventions.

• #97 Nanette B. Silverberg, MD: Uncovering Molluscum Epidemiology

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/nanette-silverberg-molluscum-epidemiology

  Silverberg discussed the influx of epidemiological data following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of the first 2 drugs indicated to treat molluscum contagiosum: cantharidin formulation 0.7% w/v (YCANTHE) and topical berdazimer gel 10.3% (Zelsuvmi), each in the last year. […] Silverberg is interested in using more opportune data to now understand the drivers and exacerbators of molluscumwhat clinical or demographic characteristics, or even comorbidities, increase the risk of a child presenting with 50-plus lesions? […] Even the average age of onset is now more clearly understood in practice-related data.

• #98 Nanette B. Silverberg, MD: Uncovering Molluscum Epidemiology

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/nanette-silverberg-molluscum-epidemiology

  Silverberg discussed the influx of epidemiological data following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of the first 2 drugs indicated to treat molluscum contagiosum: cantharidin formulation 0.7% w/v (YCANTHE) and topical berdazimer gel 10.3% (Zelsuvmi), each in the last year. […] Silverberg is interested in using more opportune data to now understand the drivers and exacerbators of molluscumwhat clinical or demographic characteristics, or even comorbidities, increase the risk of a child presenting with 50-plus lesions? […] Even the average age of onset is now more clearly understood in practice-related data.

• #99 Molluscum Contagiosum: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Dermoscopy, Ultrastructure and Evidence Based Treatment – Nova Science Publishers

  https://novapublishers.com/shop/molluscum-contagiosum-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-dermoscopy-ultrastructure-and-treatment/

  Molluscum contagiosum is a common but always unvalued poxvirus infection of skin disease. The clinical, pathogenic, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects have not been widely and thoroughly understood. […] This book analyzes a wide variety of pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of molluscum contagiosum virus in detail. […] This book helps clinicians understand the distribution, transmission routes, replication to the human epidermis and characterization of molluscum contagiosum more precisely. […] Each chapter challenges readers by providing insights into the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, development process undergoing transmission electron microscopy and evidence-based treatment methods of molluscum contagiosum virus.

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