Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cough: Causes, Emergency Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cough

  Infrequent coughing is necessary to clear your airways. But there are ways you can prevent other coughs. […] Smoking is a common contributor to a chronic cough. It can be very difficult to cure a smokers cough. […] According to a 2018 case study, a diet high in fiber-rich fruits may help relieve chronic respiratory symptoms, such as a cough with phlegm. […] In addition, guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians suggest that adults with GERD may reduce their cough by avoiding eating within 3 hours of their bedtime. […] If you can, avoid anyone with a contagious illness such as bronchitis. This will reduce your chances of coming into contact with germs. […] Wash your hands frequently and dont share utensils, towels, or pillows. […] If you have existing medical conditions that increase your chances of developing a cough, such as GERD or asthma, ask a doctor about different management strategies. Once you manage your condition, you may find that your cough disappears or becomes much less frequent.

• #1 About Whooping Cough | Whooping Cough | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/index.html

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated. CDC recommends whooping cough vaccination for everyone. […] Preventive antibiotics are also known as postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis (PEP). These are medicines given to someone who has been exposed to harmful bacteria to help prevent them from getting sick. Some people should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting sick if they have been around someone with whooping cough. […] CDC recommends practicing good hygiene to help prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses that can cause many respiratory illnesses.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Whooping-Cough.aspx?_gl=1*bt4jrr*_ga*MjAwMDA2NzAwMC4xNzQyNTEyMDAz*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*MTc0NDg0MzQ5Ni4yMy4wLjE3NDQ4NDM0OTYuMC4wLjA.

  The pertussis vaccine is recommended for children and adolescents, pregnant people in the third trimester and anyone who has close contact with babies under 1 year of age. […] Because of this, it is especially important now for children, teens and adults to get their whooping cough vaccine. […] The best way to protect your child from severe symptoms caused by whooping cough is with the vaccine and booster shot. […] Parents, family members and caregivers who will be in close contact with babies younger than one year old should get a booster shot. This lowers the risk of passing the infection to the infant. […] If you are pregnant, you should get the vaccine during the third trimester. Getting the vaccine during each pregnancy provides antibodies to protect you, and short-term protection is passed to your baby. […] Getting all doses of the vaccine and booster can help protect your child and others.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Whooping-Cough.aspx?_gl=1*2xhvhk*_ga*OTAwMzg5NzMwLjE2ODk4MTQ2OTU.*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*MTY5MjYyNzQ2NS41LjAuMTY5MjYyNzQ2NS4wLjAuMA..

  The pertussis vaccine is recommended for children and adolescents, pregnant people in the third trimester and anyone who has close contact with babies under 1 year of age. […] Because of this, it is especially important now for children, teens and adults to get their whooping cough vaccine. […] The best way to protect your child from severe symptoms caused by whooping cough is with the vaccine and booster shot. […] Parents, family members and caregivers who will be in close contact with babies younger than one year old should get a booster shot. This lowers the risk of passing the infection to the infant. […] If you are pregnant, you should get the vaccine during the third trimester. Getting the vaccine during each pregnancy provides antibodies to protect you, and short-term protection is passed to your baby. […] The vaccine works well, but protection decreases over time. Getting all doses of the vaccine and booster can help protect your child and others.

• #1 14 Best Natural Cough Remedies and Prevention Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/best-natural-cough-remedies

  While medications are sometimes necessary to treat a cough, natural remedies, including gargling with salt water and eating honey, may also help. […] In addition to learning how to treat a cough, you might want to learn how to prevent them in the first place. […] To help protect against the flu, make sure to get your annual flu shot, usually starting in October. […] Washing your hands frequently and taking precautions, such as wearing a mask, may help protect you from COVID-19 and other viral illnesses that cause cough. […] If you have allergies, you can help reduce flare-ups by identifying the allergens that affect you and avoiding exposure. […] Allergy shots may be helpful and can reduce your sensitivity to allergens. Consider talking with a doctor about what plan is right for you.

• #1 Postexposure Antimicrobial Prophylaxis | Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/php/postexposure-prophylaxis/index.html

  The primary objective of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is to prevent death and serious complications in people at high risk of severe pertussis infection. […] CDC supports providing PEP to people at high risk of severe infection within 21 days of exposure to an infectious pertussis case. […] CDC supports providing PEP to people in contact with those at high risk of severe infection within 21 days of exposure to an infectious pertussis case. […] A broader use of PEP may be appropriate in limited closed settings when the number of identified cases is small and there isn’t a community-wide outbreak. […] Antibiotics may prevent pertussis if given prior to symptom onset. However, there are no data to suggest widespread PEP use among contacts effectively controls or limits outbreaks.

• #1 Controlling Spread of Pertussis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/pertussis/controlling-spread-pertussis

  The primary goal of post exposure antimicrobial prophylaxis is to prevent death and serious complications from pertussis in individuals at increased risk of severe disease. Appropriate administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis to asymptomatic contacts can prevent symptomatic infection. […] Prophylaxis is generally indicated when: The asymptomatic contact was exposed to the case during the cases infectious period (21 days after onset of cough in the case), and The asymptomatic contacts last exposure to the infectious case occurred 21 days (one incubation period) ago. […] Prophylaxis is generally recommended for the following groups, regardless of their immunization status: All household contacts (within families, secondary attack rates have been demonstrated to be high, even when household contacts are current with immunizations), Close contacts at high risk of developing severe illness, or Close contacts who themselves have close contact with either infants 12 months, pregnant women in their third trimester, or individuals with pre-existing health conditions that may be exacerbated by a pertussis infection.

• #1 Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11322855/

  The recommended dose of erythromycin for use in treatment of whooping cough in children is 40 to 50 mg/kg per day (maximum 2 g/day) and in adults 1 to 2 g/day orally in four divided doses for 14 days. […] The optimal duration of treatment is uncertain. […] There is also some controversy as to whether prophylaxis of contacts is effective and, therefore, worthwhile. […] Prophylaxis with antibiotics was significantly associated with side effects and did not significantly improve clinical symptoms, whoop, paroxysmal cough, number of cases who develop culturepositive B. pertussis or paroxysmal cough for more than two weeks in contacts older than six months of age. Due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality in infants less than six months of age who are incompletely immunised, contact prophylaxis is recommended for families who have an infant less than six months of age. The recommended antibiotics and dosages for contact prophylaxis are the same as those recommended in the treatment of whooping cough.

• #1 Cough Symptoms, Types, Treatment and Prevention | Vicks

  https://vicks.com/en-us/symptom/cough

  How to Prevent a Cough From Cold or Flu […] If you have a cough, the last thing you want to do is spread it to a friend or family member. Similarly, youd probably hope your friends and family would do their best to avoid spreading their cough to you. […] Having strong immune defenses will go a long way toward helping you fight off next cough, cold, or flu coming your way. And one of the best building blocks to a strong cold- and flu-fighting immune system is sleep. Poor quality sleep or not enough sleep have been found to lower resistance to illness so having your sleep hygiene habits dialed in can help you face the outside world head-on with confidence and a few handy hygiene practices as well. […] Some of the simplest methods for preventing person-to-person or object-to-person transmission are also the most effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institutes for Health (NIH) offer the useful guidelines for preventing the spread of germs and viruses, including respiratory infection, and protecting yourself and those around you:

• #1 Cover Your Cough Fact Sheet (for the Community) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/cyc/genbrochure.html

  Stop the spread of germs that make you and others sick! […] Serious respiratory illnesses like influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), whooping cough and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are spread by: Coughing or sneezing, Unclean hands. […] These illnesses spread easily in crowded places where people are in close contact. […] Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue every time you cough or sneeze. Throw the used tissue in a waste basket. […] If you don’t have a tissue, sneeze or cough into your sleeve (at the elbow). […] After coughing or sneezing, always clean your hands with soap water or an alcohol-based hand cleaner. […] Stay home when you are sick. […] Do not share eating utensils, drinking glasses, towels or other personal items. […] Get vaccinated! Influenza (flu) and pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccines can prevent some serious respiratory illnesses. […] Avoid close contact with people who are sick, if possible. […] Get vaccinated against influenza. […] Stay home when you’re ill. […] Don’t worry if you see staff and other people wearing masks. They are preventing the spread of germs.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/Communications-Toolkits/Respiratory-Virus-Prevention.aspx

  Stay home if you’re sick: Staying home when you’re sick slows the spread of flu, COVID-19, RSV and even the common cold. […] Test and treat: Test for COVID-19 and flu if you have symptoms (like fever, cold, cough, sore throat, or loss of taste or smell). If you test positive and are at higher risk for severe disease, contact your health care provider and ask about treatment. Treatments work best when started right after symptoms begin. […] Consider wearing a mask: Consider wearing a high-quality mask (N95, KN95, KF94) especially if you’re sick and in crowded or indoor areas. […] Wash your hands: Wash hands throughout the day with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. […] Cover your cough or sneeze: Cough or sneeze into your elbow, arm, or a disposable tissue. Make sure to throw away your tissue, then wash or sanitize your hands. […] Ventilate indoor spaces: Good ventilation helps reduce the spread of viruses. If it is safe to do so, open doors and windows as much as possible to bring in fresh outdoor air. This can help keep virus particles from building up indoors.

• #1 What Is a Cough? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cough/guide/

  Many coughs are caused by the common cold. To help reduce your risk of getting a cold, wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds (use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap and water are not available), avoid close contact with sick people, and try not to touch your face with unwashed hands, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (7) […] Home remedies like staying hydrated and moisturizing your bedroom with a humidifier can help you ease a cough if you already have one. Also avoid tobacco smoke, which can make your cough worse or may be the main cause of it.

• #1 How to Stop Coughing Naturally: 10 Effective Methods

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/health-plus/article/how-to-stop-coughing-naturally

  Keeping your body well-hydrated is the first line of defense against a cough. When you’re dehydrated, your body produces less saliva and mucus, making your throat dry and more prone to irritation. This can lead to an unrelenting cough. Drinking plenty of water helps to thin mucus in your throat, making it easier to cough up and clearing your airways. […] Honey is a time-honoured remedy for soothing a cough. Its antibacterial and antimicrobial properties can help clear infection, while its viscosity can coat and soothe an irritated throat. […] Certain herbal teas, such as thyme, chamomile, peppermint and liquorice root, can be beneficial for a cough. These teas are known for their soothing properties and can help to reduce the cough reflex. […] Gargling with warm salt water can help soothe a sore or scratchy throat, which often accompanies a cough. Salt water helps to reduce inflammation and kill bacteria, providing temporary relief.

• #1 Home remedies for cough

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322394

  A number of home remedies, such as honey and saltwater, may help manage cough symptoms. […] People who want to try natural remedies to treat their cough should consider researching sources and brands. Additionally, some herbs and supplements can interfere with medications, which may result in unwanted side effects. […] It is best to consult a doctor before taking supplements. […] In a 2021 review of studies, researchers looked at the effect of using honey to treat coughs in upper respiratory infections. The researchers found that honey was superior to usual care, both in suppressing the cough and in helping prevent the need for antibiotics. […] Drinking various warm drinks may provide symptom relief from coughs. […] A wet cough, which produces mucus or phlegm, may improve with steam.

• #1 Intravenous Lidocaine for the Prevention of Cough: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30169416/

  It remains unclear to what extent intravenous lidocaine prevents cough and whether there is dose-responsiveness and risk of harm. […] Lidocaine was associated with a lower incidence of cough compared to placebo in adults and children, irrespective of dosage and cough etiology. […] Within a range of 0.5-2 mgkg, intravenous lidocaine dose dependently prevents intubation-, extubation-, and opioid-induced cough in adults and children with NNTs ranging from 8 to 3. The risk of harm in high-risk patients remains unknown.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2019/11000/intravenous_lidocaine_for_the_prevention_of_cough_.13.aspx

  It remains unclear to what extent intravenous lidocaine prevents cough and whether there is dose-responsiveness and risk of harm. […] Lidocaine was associated with a lower incidence of cough compared to placebo in adults and children, irrespective of dosage and cough etiology. […] Within a range of 0.52 mgkg1, intravenous lidocaine dose dependently prevents intubation-, extubation-, and opioid-induced cough in adults and children with NNTs ranging from 8 to 3. The risk of harm in high-risk patients remains unknown.

• #1 I COUGH for Prevention of Postop Pulmonary Complications – The Hospitalist

  https://www.the-hospitalist.org/hospitalist/article/125586/i-cough-prevention-postop-pulmonary-complications/

  Does implementation of the I COUGH strategy improve pulmonary outcomes in postoperative patients? […] Although not statistically significant, data from this before-and-after trial shows that the I COUGH strategy (emphasizing lung expansion, early mobilization, oral hygiene, and patient and provider education) may decrease postoperative pulmonary complications in hospitalized patients. […] The group reviewed the literature on preventing postoperative pulmonary complications and devised the I COUGH strategy: (1) Incentive spirometry, (2) Coughing and deep breathing, (3) Oral care, (4) Understanding (patient and family education), (5) Getting out of bed, and (6) Head-of-bed elevation. […] Although not statistically significant, the NSQIP data revealed trends toward decreased incidences of postoperative pneumonia (2.6% vs 1.6%; P = .09) and unplanned intubations (2.0% vs 1.2%; P = .09) after I COUGH implementation.

• #1 Whooping Cough: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | Shore Medical Center

  https://www.shoremedicalcenter.org/news/whooping-cough-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent whooping cough. Key preventive measures include: […] Achieving high vaccination coverage in the community helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants younger than two months and individuals with specific medical conditions. This community-level protection, known as herd immunity, reduces the overall spread of the disease. […] Raising awareness about the importance of vaccination and the potential severity of whooping cough can encourage higher vaccination rates and prompt diagnosis. Public health campaigns and educational programs are vital in promoting these messages. […] Recognizing the symptoms, seeking timely treatment, and adhering to vaccination guidelines are critical in managing and preventing pertussis. Through widespread vaccination and public education, the incidence of whooping cough can be significantly reduced, protecting vulnerable populations and ensuring healthier communities.

• #1 Collaboration key to wet cough prevention | The Kids

  https://www.thekids.org.au/news–events/news-and-events-nav/2019/impact/collaboration-key-to-wet-cough-prevention/

  Using this information, the researchers shaped a comprehensive implementation strategy which they tested for effectiveness in the Kimberley. […] The strategy centred around a health information campaign enlisting West Coast Eagles rookie and Balgo boy, Francis Watson, as a cultural ambassador to feature in radio, television, social media and print advertisements as well as community appearances and talks. […] The materials and advertisements, along with workshops and training sessions for local health practitioners, were pushed out during a three-month campaign late 2018, targeted at Aboriginal communities and health services around the Broome area. […] Although the team is still measuring the outcomes, anecdotally doctors are already reporting an increase in the number of children presenting and being treated, and families are telling Ms Laird stories of children who had been unwell for years, receiving treatment and experiencing vastly improved health.

• #1 7 ways to combat coughs and colds – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/7-ways-to-combat-coughs-and-colds

  The next time you see your health care team for an upper respiratory illness, such as a common cold or cough, antibiotics may not be part of the treatment plan. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, and won’t help viral illnesses like colds, flu and most sore throats. […] To make yourself as comfortable as possible when you have a cough or cold, try to: Drink plenty of fluids. Stay hydrated with water, juice, clear broth or warm lemon water with honey. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate you. […] Rest. Stay home from work or school if you have a fever or bad cough, or are drowsy after taking medications. This will give you a chance to rest and reduce the chances you’ll infect

• #1 Patient Education: Cough or Cold, What to Take » Student Health Care Center » College of Medicine » University of Florida

  https://shcc.ufl.edu/services/primary-care/health-care-info-online/patient-education-cough-or-cold-what-to-take/

  Get plenty of rest and drink plenty of fluids. […] Try to breathe moist air. Use a humidifier or take a steamy shower. […] Consume warm fluids (soup or tea) to provide relief for a stuffy nose and to loosen phlegm. […] Avoid dairy products, as they can thicken phlegm. […] Avoid alcohol, as it impairs your body’s immune system.

• #1 Cough Remedies & Prevention Tips | Medanta | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/natural-cough-remedies-and-prevention-tips

  Wash your hands often, especially after coughing, eating, going to the bathroom, or caring for someone sick. […] If you have allergies, you can reduce flare-ups by identifying what makes you sick and staying away from it. […] You can also get allergy shots, which can help and make you less sensitive to allergens. […] There is some evidence that probiotics and bromelain supplements can help relieve a cough, but more evidence is needed. […] If your cough is caused by GERD, avoiding foods that worsen it may help. […] A cough can also be made better by drinking a lot of water. […] If your cough doesn’t go away, you should see a doctor. They can help you figure out what’s happening and find the best way to treat your cough.

• #1 Chronic Cough: Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1101/p575.html

  If a specific cause is identified, therapy should be started; otherwise, initial treatment includes a decongestant combined with a first-generation antihistamine. […] Avoidance strategies should be recommended when the inflammation is due to occupational exposure or inhaled allergens. […] Consensus guidelines recommend empiric therapy for at least eight weeks in conjunction with lifestyle changes such as dietary changes and weight loss. […] Patients with unexplained chronic cough after evaluation and treatment of common causes should be referred to a pulmonologist or otolaryngologist. […] Neuromodulators have shown some benefit in randomized trials based on the hypothesis that refractory chronic cough may be due to hypersensitivity of the cough reflex caused by peripheral (afferent limb of the cough reflex) and central mechanisms (central sensitization). […] Chronic cough in children younger than 15 years is defined as cough lasting more than four weeks. […] The most common causes of chronic cough in children six to 14 years of age are asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis, and UACS.

• #1 Coughs and colds in children – treatment, prevention, causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coughs-and-colds-in-children

  Most coughs and colds in children are caused by viral infections. […] Cold viruses are spread easily through droplets from the nose and mouth of infected people. […] The best treatment for a cold virus is to rest at home so your child’s immune system can fight the virus. […] Cough syrups and cold medicines are not recommended for children. […] It’s not possible to prevent all coughs and colds. But there are things you can do to reduce the chance of your kids getting sick. […] These include: hand washing often, especially after coughing, sneezing or blowing your nose; coughing or sneezing into your elbow; avoiding sharing utensils and cups with others; using tissues instead of hankies and throwing them out straight away after use. […] Keeping your child home from school and other activities when they are sick with a cold can stop them spreading their illness to others.

• #1 Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention of Kennel Cough in Dogs

  https://www.rivergateveterinaryclinic.com/site/blog/2023/06/30/what-is-kennel-cough-in-dogs-symptoms-treatment–prevention

  What is kennel cough? […] If you notice these signs, it’s important to keep your dog away from other dogs and contact your vet for advice. […] Your veterinarian may recommend letting your furry friend rest instead of medication if they aren’t exhibiting severe symptoms. […] However, if your dog is experiencing persistent coughing, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent secondary infections, or cough suppressants can be given to provide relief. […] While the kennel cough vaccine can be helpful in preventing the development of this illness, it isn’t a 100% guarantee since it can have various root causes.

• #1 Chronic Cough: Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1101/p575.html

  Although chronic cough in adults (cough lasting longer than eight weeks) can be caused by many etiologies, four conditions account for most cases: upper airway cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease/laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, asthma, and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. […] In patients with refractory chronic cough, referral to a pulmonologist or otolaryngologist should be considered, as well as a trial of gabapentin (Neurontin), pregabalin (Lyrica), or speech therapy. […] The initial evaluation should focus on identifying potential triggers, such as the use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, environmental exposures, smoking status, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). […] The diagnostic approach should focus on detection and treatment of the four most common causes of chronic cough in adults: upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), asthma, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)/laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

• #2 Cough: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Conditions

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17755-cough

  You can help prevent coughs caused by infections by: […] Getting vaccinated for influenza, COVID-19 and pneumonia. […] Avoiding people who are ill. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. […] Wash your hands often with soap and water and/or using hand sanitizers.

• #2 Prevent Whooping Cough | About Whooping Cough

  https://www.aboutwhoopingcough.com/

  Whooping cough is contagious but preventable with vaccination. […] To help prevent whooping cough, ask your doctor or pharmacist if Tdap or DTaP vaccines that also help prevent tetanus and diphtheria are appropriate for you or your child. […] Adults ages 19 years and older who did not get a Tdap shot in their adolescence should get one dose of Tdap to help protect themselves from whooping cough. […] To help protect their infants from whooping cough, pregnant people should receive a Tdap vaccine with every pregnancy, between the 27th and 36th week, preferably in the early part of this time frame, although it could be administered anytime during pregnancy. […] Eligible babies and younger children should receive a 5-dose series of DTaP. Older children are recommended to receive a dose of Tdap preferably between 11-12 years of age to help prevent whooping cough. […] The Tdap vaccine can also help prevent pertussis or whooping cough. […] Tdap and DTaP are vaccines that can help protect against three serious diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis.

• #2 Whooping cough (Pertussis) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/whooping-cough

  Whooping cough (pertussis) is a very contagious respiratory infection. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are important and helps reduces the risk of spread to babies. […] Immunisation is the best way to reduce the risk of whooping cough. […] Immunisation is a safe and effective way to protect you from serious disease caused by whooping cough. […] Whooping cough (pertussis) vaccines provide good protection from infection but immunity fades, which means that additional doses (boosters) are recommended. […] Free whooping cough (pertussis)-containing vaccine is available for the following people under the National Immunisation Program: children at 2 months (from 6 weeks), 4 months, 6 months, 18 months and 4 years; adolescents in Year 7 at secondary school (or age equivalent); pregnant women from 20 weeks gestation (ideally between 20 and 32 weeks) during every pregnancy.

• #2 Whooping cough: prevention, symptoms and treatment | Hôpital de La Tour

  https://www.la-tour.ch/en/advices/whooping-cough-prevention-symptoms-and-treatment

  Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a contagious respiratory disease that can affect people of any age. […] Fortunately, effective measures such as vaccination can significantly reduce the associated risks. […] In the event of severe symptoms (convulsions, breathing difficulties, etc.), contact the paediatric emergency care department, which will guide you through the appropriate treatment for your child. […] To protect mother and child, vaccination is recommended between the 20th and 32nd week of pregnancy (2nd trimester). […] However, babies can contract the disease before they are vaccinated, which is why it is recommended that close relatives (second parents, grandparents and anyone who will be looking after the child in the first few months of life) receive a booster vaccination during the mother-to-be’s pregnancy.

• #2 Cough – types, treatments and remedies | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough

  Adults and children can get vaccinated against some bacterial infections that cause coughing. Vaccines are available against the bacteria that cause whooping cough (pertussis) and pneumococcal disease. […] You can also get vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. […] Tobacco smoke is a significant trigger for cough. Avoid cigarette smoke.

• #2 About Whooping Cough | Whooping Cough | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/index.html

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated. CDC recommends whooping cough vaccination for everyone. […] Preventive antibiotics are also known as postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis (PEP). These are medicines given to someone who has been exposed to harmful bacteria to help prevent them from getting sick. Some people should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting sick if they have been around someone with whooping cough. […] CDC recommends practicing good hygiene to help prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses that can cause many respiratory illnesses.

• #2 Pertussis Treatment and Prophylaxis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/pertussis/hcp/treatment.html

  Antimicrobials are recommended for the treatment of pertussis cases and prophylaxis for some case contacts. The same regimen is used for both. […] In certain situations, close contacts of pertussis cases may be treated with antimicrobials to prevent infection. Prophylaxis should be initiated as soon as possible within 21 days (the maximum incubation period for pertussis) of exposure to an infectious case. Prophylaxis is generally limited to: […] Health care workers who have unprotected exposure and are likely to expose those at high-risk for severe pertussis (such as NICU staff). […] All three macrolides are now considered equally appropriate as first line agents for the treatment or prophylaxis of pertussis for persons 6 months of age and older.

• #2 CDC Releases Guidelines on Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Pertussis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0715/p333.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released guidelines on antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis. […] The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents for postexposure prophylaxis eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected persons. Early macrolide administration can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and shorten the communicability period. Postexposure chemoprophylaxis can be given to asymptomatic contacts to prevent secondary cases, but symptomatic contacts should be treated as if they have pertussis. […] If there is no contraindication, a macrolide can be given as prophylaxis for persons who are in close contact with a patient who has pertussis. […] Giving postexposure prophylaxis to asymptomatic household contacts within 21 days of the original patients cough onset can prevent symptomatic infection. Symptomatic household members should be treated as if they have pertussis. Postexposure prophylaxis should be administered in infants younger than 12 months or women in the third trimester of pregnancy, because they are at risk for severe and possibly deadly complications. The recommended antimicrobial agents and dosages for postexposure prophylaxis are the same as those for the treatment of pertussis.

• #2 CDC Releases Guidelines on Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Pertussis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0715/p333.html

  Clinical studies have shown that TMP/SMX effectively eliminates B. pertussis from the nasopharynx. Macrolide-resistant B. pertussis is uncommon, but TMP/SMX can be used as an alternative treatment in patients two months or older who have a contraindication to or cannot tolerate macrolide agents, or who are infected with a strain that is macrolide resistant.

• #2 Cough Symptoms, Types, Treatment and Prevention | Vicks

  https://vicks.com/en-us/symptom/cough

  Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you dont have access to soap and water use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. […] Cover your cough: cough into a tissue or into your elbow, but not into your hands. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth, all of which are easy entry points for bacteria and viruses into your body where they may cause infection. […] Practice social distancing: maintain 6 feet of distance from others, including in public places. […] Self-quarantine: if you develop cold or flu symptoms, stay home from work and/or school if possible.

• #2 14 Best Natural Cough Remedies and Prevention Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/best-natural-cough-remedies

  To help protect yourself against having a cold, consider taking the following steps: Avoid coming in contact with others who are sick. […] Cover your nose and mouth whenever you cough or sneeze, preferably by using a tissue (that you throw away immediately after use) or coughing into your elbow. […] Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. […] Clean the common areas of your home, work, or school frequently. […] Wash your hands frequently, for 20 seconds at a time, especially after coughing, eating, going to the bathroom, or caring for someone who’s sick. […] If your cough persists, be sure to see a doctor. They can help determine what’s causing your symptoms and help find the best treatment for your cough.

• #2 Whooping cough : symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/whooping-cough

  Prevention is mainly based on vaccination. […] Since 2022, vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended to protect newborn babies before they can be vaccinated themselves. Vaccination is recommended between 20 and 36 weeks of amenorrhea during each pregnancy. […] In the absence of vaccination during pregnancy, postpartum vaccination is recommended for parents and anyone likely to come into close contact with the infant before the age of six months (the „cocooning” strategy). […] Primary vaccination is given to children aged 2 months, 4 months and 11 months. A booster is given at age 6 and a further booster between the ages of 11 and 13. In adults, a booster is recommended at age 25 (a catch-up vaccine is recommended up to the age of 40). […] As well as vaccination, antibiotics must be administered to patients with a confirmed case of whooping cough, and preventive antibiotics should be given to unvaccinated vulnerable individuals (even in the absence of symptoms) or those who have come into direct contact with a case of whooping cough. […] As with all outbreaks of respiratory infections, masks are highly recommended, especially around vulnerable people, in health care facilities and care homes, in confined spaces and on public transport.

• #2 Cough – types, treatments and remedies | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cough

  Coughing is how your body cleans the lungs and airways. […] You can have a non-productive (dry) cough or a productive (chesty) cough. […] Coughing that lasts for more than 3 weeks may be a sign of a health problem. […] How can I prevent a cough? […] You can’t prevent a cough caused by cold, flu or COVID-19. However, you can lower your chances of getting sick in the first place. […] Wearing a face mask is likely to reduce your risk of catching a respiratory virus. […] Good ventilation and cleaning (filtration) the air in a room can help to reduce the risk of spreading a virus. […] You can help stop the spread of respiratory viruses by: staying away from people who are coughing or sneezing, coughing or sneezing into a tissue, using good hand hygiene (wash your hands often), staying home when sick.

• #2 Chronic Cough: Symptoms, Causes, 5 Types & 5 Prevention Tips

  https://www.medicinenet.com/chronic_cough/article.htm

  Chronic cough may be prevented by not smoking and managing medical problems such as asthma, postnasal drip, GERD, and getting vaccinated against whooping cough. […] Don’t smoke, as smoking is the most common cause of chronic cough. […] Talk to your doctors about managing your asthma, postnasal drip, or GERD to avoid chronic cough symptoms. […] Make sure you and your child get the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine.

• #2 Home remedies for cough

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322394

  A number of home remedies, such as honey and saltwater, may help manage cough symptoms. […] People who want to try natural remedies to treat their cough should consider researching sources and brands. Additionally, some herbs and supplements can interfere with medications, which may result in unwanted side effects. […] It is best to consult a doctor before taking supplements. […] In a 2021 review of studies, researchers looked at the effect of using honey to treat coughs in upper respiratory infections. The researchers found that honey was superior to usual care, both in suppressing the cough and in helping prevent the need for antibiotics. […] Drinking various warm drinks may provide symptom relief from coughs. […] A wet cough, which produces mucus or phlegm, may improve with steam.

• #2 Home remedies for cough

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322394

  People have long used saltwater gargles to help alleviate sore throats and symptoms associated with the common cold. […] Avoiding foods that can trigger acid reflux is one of the best ways to manage this condition and reduce the cough that accompanies it. […] It is not always possible to avoid getting a cold or other respiratory tract infection that can lead to a cough, but avoiding contact with people who are sick, regular handwashing, and staying hydrated can help reduce the risk. […] Some additional steps a person may find helpful for reducing their cough include: drinking warm fluids, such as broth or tea; avoiding dairy products; avoiding alcohol; breathing in moist air from shower steam or a humidifier. […] A person may also find some relief with over-the-counter medications, such as those containing dextromethorphan, or cough drops. These can help suppress a cough. […] Several natural remedies may help relieve a person’s cough directly or indirectly. […] People taking medications or living with certain health conditions should consider talking with a qualified healthcare professional before trying any new supplements or home remedies.

• #2 How to Stop Coughing Naturally: 10 Effective Methods

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/health-plus/article/how-to-stop-coughing-naturally

  Bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapple, may help suppress coughs and loosen mucus. […] Ginger is a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant that can help ease a cough. It can reduce inflammation in your respiratory tract and may even help to suppress the cough reflex. […] Turmeric contains curcumin, a compound that is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. A warm turmeric drink may help to soothe your throat, reduce inflammation, and relieve your cough. […] While they don’t directly soothe a cough, probiotics can balance your gastrointestinal flora, which can help to boost your immune system and prevent coughs caused by colds or flu. […] Environmental irritants such as smoke, dust, or strong odours can exacerbate a cough. Keeping your environment clean and avoiding exposure to irritants can go a long way in managing your cough. […] Sleep and rest are essential when you’re dealing with a cough, as they give your body the time it needs to heal.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00540-013-1695-4

  Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) is often observed after intravenous bolus administration of fentanyl during anesthesia induction. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to reduce the incidence of FIC. […] Overall incidence of FIC was approximately 31 %. Lidocaine [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.210.39], N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (OR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.020.42), propofol (OR 0.07, 95 % CI 0.010.36), 2 agonists (OR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.210.48), 2 agonists (OR 0.10, 95 % CI 0.030.30), fentanyl priming (OR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.190.56), and slow injection of fentanyl (OR 0.25, 95 % CI 0.110.58) were effective in decreasing the incidence of FIC, whereas atropine (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 0.582.11) and benzodiazepines (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.333.13) were not effective. This meta-analysis found that lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, propofol, 2 agonists, 2 agonists, and priming dose of fentanyl were effective in preventing FIC, but atropine and benzodiazepines were not. Slow injection of fentanyl was effective in preventing FIC, but results depend on the speed of administration.

• #2 Understanding and Preventing Pertussis: A Comprehensive Guide to Whoop

  https://www.kidsvillepeds.com/blog/1173601-understanding-and-preventing-pertussis-a-comprehensive-guide-to-whooping-cough/

  Infants and young children are at the highest risk of severe complications from whooping cough, including pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. […] Understanding how whooping cough is transmitted is crucial for implementing effective prevention strategies and reducing the risk of infection. […] Because of their immature immune systems, they are more susceptible to respiratory infections and may experience more severe symptoms than older children or adults. […] Vaccination is the most effective way to keep whooping cough at bay. The DTaP vaccine, which also protects against diphtheria and tetanus, is routinely recommended for children in multiple doses starting at 2 months of age. […] In addition to vaccination, there are steps you can take to prevent the spread of whooping cough:

• #2 3 facts about whooping cough and tips to stop its spread | Lungs | Pediatrics | Prevention | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/whooping-cough-update/

  Most people who were born in the U.S. or had a baby here have been offered or given a pertussis vaccine at some point in their life. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that all pregnant patients get the Tdap vaccine which covers tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis during pregnancy. Tdap is also part of the series of regular childhood vaccinations. […] If adults lapse on their boosters or opt out of vaccinating their children, well continue seeing three- to five-year cyclical spikes of whooping cough in the U.S. […] To contain the spread, follow the simple hygiene tips we all were reminded of during the pandemic to reduce the spread: Wash your hands regularly with soap and warm water, Avoid excessively touching your face, Stay home when you are sick, Get vaccinated if you are due for a Tdap booster. […] The best way to avoid a serious pertussis outbreak is for everyone to do your part up front: Get the recommended vaccinations, stay home when you are sick, and wash your hands regularly.

• #2

  https://www.prevention.com/health/a30735959/how-to-get-rid-of-lingering-cough/

  How to prevent a lingering cough […] The easiest way to ward off a lingering cough is to avoid getting sick in the first place. Be vigilant about washing your hands after being out in public, touching common surfaces, or being around ill people. Its also important to be up to date on your COVID-19 and flu vaccines. If you do feel symptoms creeping up, try zinc or elderberry; studies suggest that both may shorten a cold when taken at the first sign of symptoms. […] Rest up […] Sleep is when your body naturally repairs itself, and when youre sick, it gives your immune system time to fight. Resting can help reduce the overall duration of symptoms, says Dr. Tyer. If your cough keeps you awake, prop your head up about 15 degrees with extra pillows; this helps open up air passages so you can breathe more easily and may prevent mucus buildup in your throat.

• #2 Teaching children cough and cold prevention | Parkview Health

  https://www.parkview.com/blog/teaching-children-cough-and-cold-prevention

  It’s winter once again, and the season has arrived its usual risk of cold and influenza. […] Cold and flu etiquette consists of considerate things you can do to help prevent the spread of colds and flu this season. […] That is why its so important to teach them about steps for prevention. […] Wash your hands. This is a simple and effective step for prevention. Germs love to live on a lot of surfaces, so the more you take time to wash your hands before eating, touching your face or leaving a public place, the more you protect yourself and others. […] Encourage your child to catch their sneezes and coughs with their elbows or a tissue. […] Remind them that if they happen to catch their cough or sneeze in their hands, they should wash their hands or use hand sanitizer after. […] School-age kids should keep tissues, hand sanitizer and a mask (if theyre old enough to wear one) in their backpack. […] Leading by example is so important! Show your children how to properly wash their hands.

• #2 What Is a Cough? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cough/guide/

  Many coughs are caused by the common cold. To help reduce your risk of getting a cold, wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds (use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap and water are not available), avoid close contact with sick people, and try not to touch your face with unwashed hands, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (7) […] Home remedies like staying hydrated and moisturizing your bedroom with a humidifier can help you ease a cough if you already have one. Also avoid tobacco smoke, which can make your cough worse or may be the main cause of it.

• #2 Treating and Managing Chronic Cough | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/chronic-cough/treating-and-managing

  Lifestyle changes are not a cure for your chronic cough but may help in managing your cough. […] Avoid irritants. If you are aware of something that triggers your cough, try to decrease your exposure to this irritant. […] Drink lots of fluids. This can help thin mucus and will keep you hydrated. […] Avoid tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke is a lung irritant and can worsen your cough. […] Soothe your throat. Hard candy, cough drops, or honey can help to soothe your throat. […] Moisturize the air. Use of a cool-mist humidifier may help decrease your cough. Be sure to clean the water basin of your humidifier frequently.

• #2 Chronic Cough: Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1101/p575.html

  If a specific cause is identified, therapy should be started; otherwise, initial treatment includes a decongestant combined with a first-generation antihistamine. […] Avoidance strategies should be recommended when the inflammation is due to occupational exposure or inhaled allergens. […] Consensus guidelines recommend empiric therapy for at least eight weeks in conjunction with lifestyle changes such as dietary changes and weight loss. […] Patients with unexplained chronic cough after evaluation and treatment of common causes should be referred to a pulmonologist or otolaryngologist. […] Neuromodulators have shown some benefit in randomized trials based on the hypothesis that refractory chronic cough may be due to hypersensitivity of the cough reflex caused by peripheral (afferent limb of the cough reflex) and central mechanisms (central sensitization). […] Chronic cough in children younger than 15 years is defined as cough lasting more than four weeks. […] The most common causes of chronic cough in children six to 14 years of age are asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis, and UACS.

• #3 Ocean County Health Department | WHOOPING COUGH PREVENTION TIPS! – Ocean County Health Department

  https://oceancountyhealth.gov/news/whooping-cough-prevention-tips/

  Dont let whooping cough ruin the holidays for you your loved ones! […] PREVENTION: Cocooning Strategy: Adults and older children often serve as the primary source of infection in households with young infants. (Even milder cases in older individuals can transmit the disease to susceptible infants, especially those who are not immunized.) Vaccinate close contact with newborns to create a protective barrier. […] Good hygiene: Wash hands often. Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. […] Stay updated: Immunity wanes over time, so boosters are crucial. […] While many other diseases children are vaccinated against are decreasing frequently, cases of whooping cough have increased since 1990. This is likely due to the lower effectiveness of older vaccines (due to the emergence of new strains of the bacteria that cause the disease); decreased protection from the immunity in adults and adolescents as the effect of the vaccine wears off; parents opting out of vaccinating their children; and increased reporting of whooping cough by doctors.

• #3 Cough Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.justtheinserts.com/cough-faq/

  Prevention for cough can vary from avoiding common irritants like tobacco smoke, synthetic fragrance, or pollution to frequently washing your hands to prevent viral or bacterial infections. Many of the treatment options discussed below can be used as preventative measures. […] Honey probably reduces cough duration to a greater extent than salbutamol or placebo. Honey group participants were first to get total relief of cough compared to salbutamol or placebo. […] Probiotics affect both the acquired and innate immune systems and reduce the severity of infections in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Probiotics increase the level of type I interferons; the number and activity of natural killer (NK) cells, T cells and antigen-presenting cells; and the level of specific antibodies in the lungs.

• #3

  https://www.prevention.com/health/a30735959/how-to-get-rid-of-lingering-cough/

  Be mindful of your air. […] When youre hacking away, avoid irritants that can worsen your cough or make it linger longer. Steer clear of smoke, perfume, and anything youre allergic to. Air purifiers can remove dust, dander, and other particles that may tickle your throat. Heaters dry air out, which can irritate a cough, so a humidifier can help by adding back moisture.

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