Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oral Candidiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545282/

  Oral candidiasis is an infection of the oral cavity by Candida albicans. The condition is generally obtained secondary to immune suppression, which can be local or systemic, including extremes of age (newborns and elderly), immunocompromising diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and chronic systemic steroid and antibiotic use. […] Candida species cause oral candidiasis, most commonly Candida albicans, isolated from more than 80% of lesions. […] Risk factors for the pathologic colonization of Candida include but are not limited to malnourishment, age extremes (young children and elderly), metabolic disease, immunocompromising conditions, concomitant infections, radiation therapy, organ transplantation, long-term steroid treatment, antibiotic treatment, and salivary gland hypofunction. […] Although much less common, other implicated species include Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida kruesi, Candida guillermondii, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, and Candida stellatoidea. […] Candida is part of the normal oral microflora of immunocompetent individuals. […] Around 30 to 60% of adults and 45 to 65% of infants carry candida species in their oral cavities. […] Most of these species live in the oral cavity as a commensal population rather than a pathological one.

• #2 Oral candidiasis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

  Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), which is also known as oral thrush, among other names, is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. […] Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated organism in this condition. […] This candidal carriage state is not considered a disease, but when Candida species become pathogenic and invade host tissues, oral candidiasis can occur. […] The causative organism is usually Candida albicans, or less commonly other Candida species such as Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, or other species. […] Candidiasis caused by non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species is associated more with immunodeficiency. […] Oral carriage of Candida is a pre-requisite for the development of oral candidiasis. […] When Candida species cause lesions – the result of invasion of the host tissues – this is termed candidiasis. […] The exact process by which Candida species switch from acting as normal oral commensals (saprophytic) state in the carrier to acting as a pathogenic organism (parasitic state) is not completely understood.

• #3 Oral thrush: Symptoms, treatments, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178864

  Oral thrush most commonly occurs due to the fungus Candida albicans. However, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei can also cause the infection. […] Tiny quantities of Candida fungus exist in various parts of our body. It is present in the digestive system, skin, and mouth. Generally, these fungi cause no problems to healthy individuals. […] However, people on certain medications, with reduced immune systems, or with certain medical conditions are susceptible to oral thrush when C. albicans grows out of control.

• #4 Oral thrush in adults | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/oral-thrush-in-adults/

  Oral thrush is a fungal infection of the mouth. […] Its also called oral candidosis (or candiasis) because its caused by a group of yeasts called Candida. […] Low numbers of the fungus Candida are naturally found in the mouth and digestive system of most people. They dont usually cause any problems, but can lead to oral thrush if they multiply. […] There are a number of reasons why this may happen, including: taking a course of antibiotics, particularly over a long period or at a high dose; taking inhaled corticosteroid medication for asthma; wearing dentures (false teeth), particularly if they dont fit properly; having poor oral hygiene; having a dry mouth, either because of a medical condition or a medication you are taking; smoking; having chemotherapy or radiotherapy to treat cancer.

• #4 Oral thrush in adults | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/oral-thrush-in-adults/

  Babies, young children and elderly people are at a particularly high risk of developing oral thrush, as are people with certain underlying conditions, including diabetes, an iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency, an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) and HIV. […] As most people already have Candida fungi living in their mouth, oral thrush is not contagious. This means it cannot be passed to others.

• #5 Oral thrush – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533

  Oral thrush, also called oral candidiasis (kan-dih-DIE-uh-sis), is a condition in which the fungus Candida albicans builds up in the mouth. It’s natural for candida, a yeast, to live in the mouth. But sometimes it can grow too much and cause symptoms. […] The most common type of candida fungus is Candida albicans. Several factors, such as a weakened immune system, can raise your risk of oral thrush. […] Oral thrush is more likely in babies and older adults due to lower immunity. Some medical conditions and treatments can weaken your immune system. They include cancer and its treatments, an organ transplant, medicines that weaken the immune system, and HIV/AIDS. […] A healthy immune system works to get rid of harmful invading organisms, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. This maintains a balance between „good” and „bad” microbes in your body. But sometimes these protective measures fail. Then candida fungus grows and allows an oral thrush infection to take hold.

• #6 Thrush: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10956-thrush

  Thrush happens when theres an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus. […] Most people have small amounts of the Candida fungus in their mouth, digestive tract and skin. When illnesses, stress or medications disturb this balance, the fungus grows out of control and causes thrush. […] Medications that can make yeast flourish and cause infection include corticosteroids, antibiotics, and birth control pills.

• #7 Oral Thrush: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-is-thrush

  Thrush is an infection caused by the candida fungus, which is a type of yeast. […] Small amounts of the candida fungus are found naturally in your mouth, digestive tract, and skin. Its usually kept under control by other bacteria. But certain medications and illnesses can upset the balance and cause the fungus to grow out of control. […] One example is antibiotics. When you take them, they can kill the normal bacteria in your mouth, leaving candida fungus to multiply at will. […] Stress can cause it. So can other medicines and illnesses, including: Antibiotics, Birth control pills, Steroids, HIV and AIDS. […] You’re more likely to get thrush when you’re pregnant because of all of the hormonal changes. […] Other things that can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in your mouth and increase your chances of getting thrush include: Uncontrolled diabetes, Cancer, Smoking, Dentures, An organ transplant, Chemotherapy or radiation.

• #7 Oral Thrush: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-is-thrush

  The fungus that causes thrush can spread to other parts of the body, like the lungs, liver, and skin. This happens more often in people with cancer, HIV, or other conditions that weaken the immune system. […] Thrush is treated with antifungal medications. Your doctor will probably prescribe a medicine you use in your mouth for 7-14 days. […] Thrush can sometimes clear up on its own, but it depends on how severe it is. […] Symptoms of oral thrush can develop slowly or rapidly, but the cause is the same: Something has upset the balance of normal bacteria in your mouth and allowed the candida fungus to grow out of control.

• #8 What does oral thrush look like? See pictures | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-does-oral-thrush-look-like.h00-159617856.html

  Oral thrush is a fungal infection of the mouth often caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. […] Unfortunately, that balance can be disrupted by many factors, including: immunosuppression, xerostomia (dry mouth), medications, autoimmune diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, poor oral hygiene, faulty dental prostheses, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to the head and neck area. […] One of those diseases is an infection caused by yeast or a type of fungus called Candida. The most common species in this group is Candida albicans. Others include Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida glabrata. […] For cancer patients, that could mean long-term use of medications, such as steroids that suppress oral immune defenses, antihypertensives that make the mouth drier, or chemotherapy- or radiation therapy-induced changes to saliva quality.

• #8 What does oral thrush look like? See pictures | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-does-oral-thrush-look-like.h00-159617856.html

  The pH of the oral cavity becomes more acidic when it’s dry for long periods of time. This favors the growth of Candida. That’s why cancer patients who have had radiation therapy in the head and neck region are very susceptible to repeated Candida infections. […] Fungal infections must be managed promptly in patients who are immunocompromised during cancer treatment; these infections can be fatal.

• #9 Oral candidiasis: causes, types and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/oral-candidiasis-causes-types-and-treatment

  Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the oral cavity often caused by the overgrowth of Candida, a yeast-like fungus commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans, as normal skin flora and in mucous membranes. Candida albicans (C. albicans) accounts for around 80% of infections and can colonise the cavity, either alone or in combination with non-albican species, including Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. With increased availability and prescribing of broad-spectrum antibacterials (e.g. penicillins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides) and immunosuppressive agents (e.g. corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate), and with increased immunosuppressive comorbidities, including diabetes, cancer and AIDS, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of opportunistic oral Candida infections. However, in severely immunosuppressed patients, invasive and life-threatening systemic Candida infection may develop. Local and systemic factors of the host can predispose patients to becoming infected with a Candida species. Reduced salivary production can predispose patients to oral candidiasis, as salivary constituents inhibit the overgrowth of Candida. Dental prostheses, such as dentures or fillings, can create a favourable environment for the Candida organisms to latch. Unbalanced dietary intake of sugars, carbohydrates and dairy products can promote Candida growth by making the oral cavity more acidic and consequently favouring the Candida organisms. Extremes of age may predispose individuals to candidiasis owing to immature or weakened immunity, along with the variations in the Candida carriage rates. Malnutrition, particularly in iron but also in other nutrients such as essential fatty acids, folic acid, vitamins A and B6, magnesium, selenium and zinc, is often associated with increased risk of oral candidiasis. Prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. co-amoxiclav), or immunosuppressants (e.g. azathioprine), alters the local oral flora by killing off bacteria and suppressing the immune system. This results in a favourable environment for Candida to grow. Oral and invasive candidiasis is more frequently reported in patients with endocrine dysfunctions, such as diabetes and Cushing’s syndrome; in immunodeficiency conditions such as AIDS; and in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of cancers.

• #10 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Oral-Candidiasis-Causes.aspx

  No matter the specific cause, having a dry mouth can increase the likelihood that an individual will be affected by oral thrush. […] Significant hormonal changes in women, such as during pregnancy or when taking oral contraceptive pills, can also increase the likelihood of oral thrush. […] Age is another factor that is associated with risk of oral thrush.

• #10 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Oral-Candidiasis-Causes.aspx

  Some therapies used in the treatment of cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can also increase the risk of oral thrush. […] There are several health conditions that may predispose an individual to develop oral thrush, including diabetes and other endocrine disorder, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, HIV and other disorders involving immunosuppression. […] People who wear dentures or false teeth, particularly dentures that have not been properly fitted to the mouth and gums of the individual, are more prone to oral thrush. […] Poor oral hygiene can also contribute to a high risk of developing symptoms of oral thrush. […] People who smoke are more likely to be affected by oral thrush than people who do not. […] Diet can also play a role in contributing to causing oral thrush.

• #11 Oral Thrush: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/thrush

  Thrush is a yeast (fungus) infection that commonly occurs in the mouths of babies and toddlers. […] Oral thrush happens when this type of yeast infection develops inside your mouth. Its also known as oral candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, or simply thrush. […] Oral thrush is more common in babies and older adults, who tend to have weaker immune systems. But it can occur at any age. […] Oral thrush and other yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of C. albicans. It exists naturally in the microbiomes of 50% of the population. […] Its typical for a small amount of C. albicans to live in your mouth without causing harm. When your immune system is working properly, beneficial bacteria in your body help keep C. albicans under control. […] But if your immune system is compromised or the balance of microorganisms in your body is disrupted, the fungus can grow out of control.

• #11 Oral Thrush: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/thrush

  Oral thrush is the most common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV. It can also develop with other conditions or medications that weaken your immune system, such as cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, cancer like leukemia, and uncontrolled diabetes. […] Without proper treatment, the fungus that causes thrush may enter your bloodstream and spread to your heart, brain, eyes, or other body parts. This is known as invasive or systemic candidiasis. […] Systemic candidiasis can cause problems in the organs it affects. It can also cause a potentially life threatening condition known as septic shock.

• #12 Thrush – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/thrush/

  Thrush is caused by the fungus, Candida. Although everyone has germs in their mouth, your immune system works to regulate them. You can have too much Candida. Having too much of this fungus causes the oral thrush infection. […] Thrush is most common in newborns because their immune systems are still developing. Newborns also can sometimes have thrush at birth if their mother had a vaginal yeast infection at the time of delivery. […] Children and adults can get thrush too. Your risk of thrush increases if you: Are in poor health. Have a weak immune system. Have HIV or AIDS. Have chemotherapy treatment. Have had an organ transplant. Have diabetes. Take several antibiotics (too much can kill the good bacteria that helps regulate candida). Take steroid medicine (some inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, contain steroids). Take other medicines that dry the mouth. Wear ill-fitting dentures. Are a smoker.

• #13 Overview: Oral thrush – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367586/

  Oral thrush is caused by types of yeast fungus called Candida that live in the mucous membranes lining your mouth. […] Oral thrush is most often caused by a type of Candida fungus called Candida albicans. […] Oral thrush is usually the result of another medical condition or a side effect of medical treatment. […] It is one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment. […] Diabetes can promote the development of oral thrush, as can dentures and certain medications (e.g. broad-spectrum antibiotics used for several weeks at a time). […] Infections are generally more likely to occur if the body and immune system are weakened. […] Oral thrush can also affect older people who require nursing care and are generally very weak overall, eat and drink very little or are fed through a tube.

• #14 Thrush – children and adults: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm

  Thrush is a yeast infection of the tongue and lining of the mouth. […] Thrush occurs in children and adults when conditions permit too much growth of a fungus called candida in your mouth. A small amount of this fungus normally lives in your mouth. It is most often kept in check by your immune system and other germs that also live in your mouth. […] When your immune system is weak or when normal bacteria die, too much of the fungus can overgrow and cause thrush. […] You are more likely to get thrush if you have one of the following: You are in poor health. You are very old. Young babies are also more likely to develop thrush. You have HIV or AIDS. You are receiving chemotherapy or drugs that weaken the immune system. You are taking steroid medicine, including some inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). You have diabetes mellitus and your blood sugar is high. You take antibiotics. Antibiotics kill some of the healthy bacteria that prevent candida from growing too much. […] Oral thrush can be cured. However, if your immune system is weak, thrush may come back or cause more serious problems. […] If your immune system is weakened, candida can spread throughout your body, causing a serious infection.

• #15 Oral Thrush: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, & More

  https://www.health.com/thrush-overview-7482659

  Thrush is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of a type of yeast called Candida. […] An overgrowth of the Candida albicans fungus can cause thrush. […] Certain health conditions, medications, and lifestyle habits that weaken the immune system or disrupt the normal balance of bacteria, fungi, and saliva in your mouth can create opportunity for thrush to develop. […] Anyone can develop thrush, but certain risk factors can make you more vulnerable, such as: Taking antibiotics, which kill some healthy bacteria in the mouth; Having a weakened immune system; Taking steroid medications, including inhaled corticosteroids for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Maintaining poor oral hygiene; Wearing dentures; Having dry mouth due to a medical condition or certain medications you take; Smoking; Undergoing cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation; Having diabetes; Having nutritional deficiencies, such as low levels of iron; zinc; magnesium; folic acid; or vitamins A, B6, B12, and C. […] Oral thrush is more common in infants because their immune systems are not yet fully developed. In older adults, age-related changes in the immune system and underlying medical conditions can increase the risk of thrush.

• #16 Oral thrush: Everything you need to know about the fungal infection of the mouth | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/oral-thrush-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-fungal-infection-of-the-mouth?srsltid=AfmBOooiXxkyGc0xQzSM4p9D9T0J4WLAQpli30FwxLo8hwor8vdaA-LV

  Oral thrush, or oral candidiasis, is caused by a group of yeasts (Candida), and the most common pathogen is a yeast fungus called Candida albicans. […] The yeast fungus is usually not harmful to humans at least not if our immune system is intact and can keep the fungus under control. However, if the immune system is compromised, Candida albicans can overgrow on mucous membranes or moist skin, particularly following chemotherapy, leukaemia or an HIV infection/AIDS. Antibiotics can also lead to the overgrowth of fungi in the intestines or vagina, resulting in fungal infections. If the pathogens multiply in the mouth, it is referred to as oral thrush or oral candidiasis. […] As mentioned earlier, the spread of the yeast fungus primarily occurs due to an impaired immune system. However, there are other causes and risk factors that can favour the onset of oral thrush: Being old, taking certain medications such as cytostatics, antibiotics, inhaled glucocorticoids (cortisone sprays), immunosuppressants, having dental caries, wearing dentures, having a dry mouth, eating a high-carbohydrate diet, smoking.

• #17 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-and-Symptoms-of-Oral-Thrush.aspx

  Oral thrush or oral candidiasis refers to infection of the mouth with the fungus Candida albicans. […] The Candida albicans fungus exists at low levels in the mouth and digestive system in most individuals, but in some cases, overgrowth can occur and lead to symptoms. […] However, weakened immunity can mean this system fails to keep Candida albicans levels in the mouth in check. If this happens, the fungus flourishes, which eventually leads to symptoms of infection. […] Factors that can upset the immune systems protective mechanisms include certain health conditions, the use of certain medications and some lifestyle habits. […] Some examples of health conditions that can increase susceptibility to this infection include: Diabetes that is left untreated or not adequately controlled can lead to a high sugar buildup up in the saliva.

• #18 Diabetes and Oral Thrush: Prevention and Treatment Tips | Smile Arizona Dentistry

  https://www.smilearizonadentistry.com/blog/diabetes-and-oral-thrush

  Diabetes and oral thrush are interconnected health concerns that can significantly impact one’s quality of life. […] Oral thrush, caused by the Candida yeast, presents as white lesions in the mouth and can lead to discomfort and difficulty swallowing. […] For diabetic individuals, elevated blood sugar levels create an ideal environment for Candida overgrowth, increasing the risk of thrush. […] Candida albicans is a fungus naturally present in the mouth. However, an imbalance in the mouth’s ecosystem can cause it to overgrow, leading to oral thrush. […] Several factors can contribute to this imbalance, including weakened immune system, dry mouth, antibiotics, and poorly-fitting dentures. […] People with diabetes are more prone to developing oral thrush for a few reasons: high blood sugar, weakened immune system, and dry mouth. […] High blood sugar creates a sugary environment in the mouth, which Candida thrives on, increasing the risk of oral thrush. […] Uncontrolled blood sugar creates a favorable environment for candida albicans to grow in the mouths of people with diabetes.

• #19 Oral Fungus Causes Common Mouth Infection | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/oral-thrush

  Oral thrush is caused by a fungus called Candida Albicans. Which, if you’re keeping track, is what inspired the infection’s official name, “candidiasis”. This fungus spreads more easily to people with reduced or suppressed immunity, like young or elderly people or people with immune system disorders. Denture wearers, people taking certain medications, and people with dry mouth syndrome (xerostomia), Sjogren’s Syndrome, or diabetes might also be more susceptible to oral thrush. […] Some circumstances, life stages or preexisting conditions may put you at risk for more problematic symptoms caused by oral thrush. Some of these include: Adults with weakened immune systems. Having a weakened immune system can put you at risk for developing severe symptoms from a case of oral thrush. For example, oral thrush could spread to the lungs, liver and digestive tract. If the infection spreads to your intestines, you may experience malnutrition which can make your body weak and susceptible to even more infection.

• #19 Oral Fungus Causes Common Mouth Infection | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/oral-thrush

  Infants and breastfeeding mothers. Infants may have trouble feeding or be fussier than usual if oral thrush is to blame. If they have oral thrush, they will likely have the white lesions. Oral thrush can be passed through breastfeeding, so mothers should pay close attention to any unusual spots. Also, it’s important to note that if infant passes it on to the mother and then heals, the mother can then inadvertently pass it back to the infant.

• #20 What Is Oral Thrush | Plum Grove Family Dental

  https://www.pgfamilydental.com/blog/2024/05/17/what-causes-oral-thrush-in-your-mouth/

  The most common cause of white mouth film is oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis. This is a fungal infection caused by Candida yeast that naturally occurs in your body. Usually, other bacteria keep the levels of this yeast at bay, but sometimes a change in your body chemistry can trigger an outbreak. […] There are many reasons why oral thrush can thrive in your mouth, including: […] Dry Mouth: Dehydration and certain medications can cause your salivary glands to slow their production. Without the necessary flush of saliva, oral thrush is better able to congregate on the surfaces inside your mouth. […] Pregnancy: Hormonal changes in general can cause an oral thrush outbreak, but pregnancy causes many hormones to shift at once. […] Autoimmune Diseases and HIV: A healthy immune system is vital for keeping your mouth free from infection. Autoimmune diseases and HIV can damage or inhibit your body’s ability to heal and defend itself.

• #20 What Is Oral Thrush | Plum Grove Family Dental

  https://www.pgfamilydental.com/blog/2024/05/17/what-causes-oral-thrush-in-your-mouth/

  Poor Oral Hygiene: Without a thorough, regular cleaning, bacteria in your mouth can multiply, causing several oral health conditions and triggering oral thrush. […] Understanding the causes of oral thrush is the first step to addressing it. Whether it’s a simple case of dry mouth or a more serious condition like diabetes, proper oral care and good medical advice can help you maintain a healthy, comfortable body and smile.

• #21 Oral Thrush: Symptoms, Causes And Treatment

  https://suburbanessexdental.com/oral-thrush-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Corticosteroid medications, particularly inhaled steroids, heighten the likelihood of oral thrush development and can establish an environment favorable to fungis overgrowth. […] People with uncontrolled diabetes, especially those with poorly managed blood sugar levels, are at an increased risk of developing oral thrush. Elevated sugar levels in the saliva provide a favorable environment for Candida growth. […] Ill-fitting dentures or inadequate denture hygiene can create conditions that encourage the growth of Candida. The fungus may thrive on the surfaces of dentures and then spread to the oral tissues. […] Saliva plays a crucial role in controlling the growth of Candida in the mouth. Conditions that lead to dry mouth, such as certain medications or systemic diseases, can increase the risk of oral thrush.

• #22 Oral Thrush – Causes And Treatment – Clínica Pardiñas

  https://www.clinicapardinas.com/en/oral-thrush

  Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans. […] The use of antibiotics can cause oral candidiasis: Another common trigger for candidiasis is the use of systemic antibiotics. These can cause a superinfection by this fungus by altering the bacterial flora of the body. […] Oral candidiasis in babies is called thrush and is very common in newborns and infants younger than 6 months. It can occur due to contamination in childbirth if the mother suffers from vaginal candidiasis or from the act of sucking, which produces changes in saliva and favors the development of the fungus. […] Tobacco can modify the composition of saliva and its flora, which could cause the appearance of oral fungi such as Candida albicans. […] Xerostomia is a condition in which the body does not produce enough saliva. Taking into account that saliva is the main defense of the mouth against microorganisms, its relationship with candidiasis is clear. […] The excessive use of antiseptic rinses can modify the oral flora, favoring the development of microorganisms such as those that cause this condition. […] Candidiasis can be one of the symptoms of some systemic diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, diabetes.

• #23

  https://www.healthshare.com.au/questions/2399-what-causes-oral-thrush/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=kpEU0joOCF0SuXHLt0FDXmIIVht40tKG

  Thrush or Candidiasis is caused by the overgrowth of yeast-like fungi called Candida. […] When the balance of naturally occurring organisms in the vagina is disrupted an overgrowth of Candida can occur. […] Thrush can develop as a result of the use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives or steroids. […] It is also more prevalent in those with diabetes, multiple sclerosis, a weakened immune system, a history of allergies or who are pregnant. […] Thrush does not appear to be sexually transmitted.

• #24 Thrush in newborns Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/thrush-in-newborns

  Thrush occurs when too much of a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida albicans grows in a baby’s mouth. […] Certain germs normally live in our bodies. While most germs are harmless, some can cause infection. […] Thrush often occurs when mother or baby has taken antibiotics. Antibiotics treat infections from bacteria. They can also kill good bacteria, and this allows yeast to grow. […] The yeast thrives in warm, moist areas. The baby’s mouth and the mother’s nipples are perfect places for a yeast infection.

• #25 Oral thrush in babies and children | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/oral-thrush-babies-and-children

  Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by a yeast called candida albicans. […] Thrush is a yeast infection caused by a fungus called candida albicans. […] Around 1 in every 2 people have the fungus in their mouths normally. The yeast causes infection when it invades the mucosa (the lining of your mouth). […] Newborn babies can also get thrush from their mother’s vagina during a vaginal birth. Candida albicans often lives in the vagina. […] The candida albicans yeast is contagious, and can be passed from one person to another. […] Some medicines make it more likely that your child will get thrush. These include broad-spectrum antibiotics, inhaled corticosteroids medicines used to treat asthma, and antihistamine medicines. […] Children who are immunocompromised (have a weak immune system), are also more likely to be infected with thrush. They may be immunocompromised due to illness or medical treatments.

• #26 Oral thrush (mouth thrush)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/oral-thrush-mouth-thrush/

  Oral thrush is an infection caused by a fungus called Candida. […] You might get thrush if you’re: taking antibiotics over a long time, using asthma inhalers, having cancer treatment like chemotherapy. […] Babies can pass oral thrush on through breastfeeding. This can cause nipple thrush in mothers.

• #27 Oral Thrush: Treatment, Symptoms, Causes – K Health

  https://www.khealth.com/learn/yeast-infection/oral-thrush/

  Oral thrush is a type of yeast infection where the fungus candida albicans accumulates on the lining of your mouth. […] However, stress, certain illnesses, and medications can trigger an overgrowth, throwing your candida levels off balance. This can result in infections, including oral thrush. […] Oral thrush is more likely to develop in adults who have compromised immune systems due to illness or medications. […] You may contract oral thrush by performing unprotected oral sex on someone who has a vaginal yeast infection or male thrush. […] Oral thrush that is left untreated can lead to serious systemic infections, especially in those with a weakened immune system.

• #28 What Is Thrush? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/thrush/guide/

  Oral sexual contact with someone who has a yeast infection can cause oral thrush, too. […] Oral candidiasis, whether in the mouth, throat, or esophagus, is most often treated with an antifungal medication thats applied to the inside of the mouth for up to 14 days. […] Most people who get thrush in the esophagus have weakened immune systems, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, or with blood cancers like leukemia. […] Oral thrush is caused by fungi of the genus Candida, which resides in the mouth, throat, vagina, and gut. But it can sometimes overgrow and bring about an infection.

• #29 Symptoms of Candidiasis | Candidiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Candidiasis in the mouth and throat can have many different symptoms, including: […] Symptoms of candidiasis of the esophagus include pain and difficulty swallowing. Most people who get candidiasis of the esophagus also have mouth and throat infections. […] Candidiasis occurs when Candida, a yeast that lives in parts of the body, grows out of control.

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