Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Iritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430909/

  Most cases of iritis are idiopathic, while 20% are due to blunt trauma. […] Nontraumatic iritis often is associated with HLA- B27 systemic diseases, including: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), Ulcerative Colitis, Reiter syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Behcet’s disease, Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Multiple Sclerosis, Ankylosing Spondylitis. […] After Idiopathic variety, HLA-B27 associated uveitic ranks as the second commonest cause of anterior uveitis. It is responsible for 40-70% of anterior uveitis cases in varied geographical regions. It is more common in males than females. […] The most common etiologies include HLA-B27 and idiopathic. […] The etiology of AAU can be varied, ranging from viral infections, bacterial infections, trauma, lens-related inflammation, keratitis, and scleritis.

• #2 Iritis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/i/iritis.html

  Iritis can be caused by many different things, such as: […] Infection, injury, and autoimmune disease are major causes. […] In many cases, the cause is not known.

• #3 Uveitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14414-uveitis

  Uveitis can happen for many reasons. Between 50% and 70% of cases are idiopathic, meaning the cause isn’t something an eye care specialist can see or test for. […] The most likely known causes include: Infections, Systemic causes, Injuries, Medications. […] Infections happen when germs (pathogens) enter your body and cause damage. Infection-related uveitis usually only affects one eye at a time. […] Uveitis isn’t always because of something affecting just your eyes. In some cases, uveitis is a side effect of medications or a symptom of conditions that affect multiple body systems or your whole body (systemic). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing uveitis.

• #4 Iritis Causes, Symptoms, vs Uveitis, Treatment & Complications

  https://www.medicinenet.com/iritis/article.htm

  Iritis has many causes. Most of the time, the inflammation is idiopathic (that is, of unknown cause). In these cases, the acute iritis may occur only once in a person’s life. […] Iritis can be associated with a variety of conditions, including several systemic diseases. In these cases, it is often recurrent. […] Infections such as herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster virus (shingles), tuberculosis, syphilis, and others […] Injury to the eye can result in traumatic iritis. Rarely, a history of previous trauma to the other eye can create delayed onset iritis of the non-traumatized eye. […] Autoimmune disorders such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-B27-associated diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, and collagen vascular diseases such as lupus […] Inflammation following eye surgery

• #5 Iritis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Care

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/iritis

  Iritis, also called anterior uveitis, is inflammation of the colored part of your eye called the iris. […] Sometimes, its not known what causes iritis, but it tends to be associated with a number of health conditions. These include ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. […] Most of the time, the exact cause of iritis isnt known. Its thought to be triggered by immune responses, genetic factors, and infections. […] Iritis not caused by an injury is associated with a number of diseases. For example, about half of people with ankylosing spondylitis experience at least one case of iritis or uveitis. […] The bottom line: Iritis is inflammation of your iris that often develops with no apparent cause. Autoimmune reactions, genetic factors, and injuries can all contribute to the development of iritis, but the exact cause isnt usually known.

• #6 Iritis and Uveitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798323-overview

  When uveitis is found in association with autoimmune disorders, the mechanism may be a hypersensitivity reaction involving immune complex deposition within the uveal tract. […] In one study at a tertiary referral center by Rodriguez et al, the distribution in etiology among all anatomic forms of uveitis, anterior, intermediate, and posterior, were as follows: Idiopathic (34%), Seronegative spondyloarthropathies (10.4%), Sarcoidosis (9.6%), Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) (5.6%), SLE (4.8%), Behet disease (2.5%), AIDS (2.4%). […] A more rare cause of uveitis are medications. Few studies and case reports have associated bisphosphonates, fluoroquinolones, hormone replacement therapy, and etanercept with the development of uveitis.

• #6 Iritis and Uveitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798323-overview

  Uveitis often is idiopathic but may be triggered by genetic, traumatic, immune, or infectious mechanisms. […] The etiology of uveitis varies between populations and often is idiopathic; however, genetic, traumatic, or infectious mechanisms are known to promote or trigger uveitis. […] Diseases that predispose a patient to uveitis and are likely to present to the emergency department include inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, and AIDS. […] The mechanism for trauma is believed to be a combination of microbial contamination and accumulation of necrotic products at the site of injury, stimulating the body to mount an inflammatory response in the anterior segment of the eye. […] For infectious etiologies of uveitis, it is postulated that the immune reaction directed against foreign molecules or antigens may injure the uveal tract vessels and cells.

• #7 Uveitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540993/

  Uveitis is most often idiopathic but has been associated with traumatic, inflammatory, and infectious processes. […] Patients may present with concurrent systemic symptoms or infectious diseases to suggest an etiology affecting more than just the eye. […] Idiopathic cases of uveitis account for 48 to 70% of uveitis cases. […] Systemic inflammatory disorders commonly associated with anterior uveitis include: HLA-B27-associated entities, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, Behcet’s disease (BD) or tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TINU). […] Multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and TINU are causes of intermediate uveitis with systemic manifestations, while Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, leukemia, lupus, BD, and multiple sclerosis can cause a posterior uveitis with systemic manifestations.

• #7 Uveitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540993/

  Infectious processes are thought to account for approximately 20% of all uveitis cases but underlying causes can vary geographically. […] Infectious causes include viruses (HSV, VZV, CMV), bacteria (endophthalmitis, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc), or parasites/worms (toxoplasmosis, Lyme Disease, toxocara, Bartonella sp. or other atypical infections).

• #8 Uveitis (Iritis): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/eye-care/eye-problems/uveitis

  Uveitis is caused by inflammatory response inside the eye. Inflammation is the body’s natural response to tissue damage. It produces swelling, redness and heat. Uveitis may be caused by: […] An attack from the body’s own immune system (autoimmunity). […] Infections or tumours occurring within the eye or in other parts of the body. […] Injury to the eye. […] However, in up to half of cases, no specific cause is found. This is known as idiopathic uveitis. […] Autoimmune diseases that are associated with uveitis include rheumatoid arthritis and Behet’s disease. It is also thought that 'idiopathic’ uveitis may, in fact, have an autoimmune basis. […] Various types of infections caused by germs (bacterial, fungal and viral) can cause inflammation of your eye and uveitis. […] Uveitis can occur after injury to your eye.

• #8 Uveitis (Iritis): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/eye-care/eye-problems/uveitis

  ’Iatrogenic’ refers either to an unforeseen or to an inevitable side-effect from a medical treatment. In this case, iatrogenic uveitis is usually uveitis that has resulted from eye surgery. […] Some cancers are associated with inflammation and uveitis. These include leukaemia, lymphoma and ocular malignant melanoma – but all are rare causes of uveitis.

• #9 Uveitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitis

  Uveitis is usually an isolated illness, but can be associated with many other medical conditions. In anterior uveitis, no associated condition or syndrome is found in approximately one-half of cases. However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with HLA-B27. Presence of this type of HLA allele has a relative risk of evolving this disease by approximately 15%. […] The most common form of uveitis is acute anterior uveitis (AAU). It is most commonly associated with HLA-B27, which has important features: HLA-B27 AAU can be associated with ocular inflammation alone or in association with systemic disease. HLA-B27 AAU has characteristic clinical features including male preponderance, unilateral alternating acute onset, a non-granulomatous appearance, and frequent recurrences, whereas HLA-B27 negative AAU has an equivalent male to female onset, bilateral chronic course, and more frequent granulomatous appearance. Rheumatoid arthritis is not uncommon in Asian countries as a significant association of uveitis.

• #10 Acute Anterior Uveitis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Acute_Anterior_Uveitis

  Acute anterior uveitis may occur as an isolated medical problem without any association with illness or inflammation elsewhere in the body. […] It might also arise as part of an illness affecting multiple parts of the body, in tandem with a localized infection (e.g., cold sores, herpes simplex), or as an adverse reaction to a medication, though the latter cause is rare. […] The most common illnesses associated with acute anterior uveitis are also associated with a genotype known as HLA-B27. […] A detailed explanation of HLA-B27 and those diseases associated with HLA-B27 is found elsewhere on this website, but the most common that is linked directly with acute anterior uveitis is ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory arthritis. […] Other diseases linked with acute anterior uveitis are apparent from associated symptoms; for example, a patient with bowel inflammation or colitis associated with acute anterior uveitis would usually have abdominal problems such as cramps, weight loss, and/or diarrhea. […] Sarcoidosis, interstitial nephritis (a rare kidney inflammation), relapsing polychondritis (a rare autoimmune disease), and vasculitis (an inflammation of the blood vessel wall) may also occur in tandem with acute anterior uveitis.

• #11 Understanding Iritis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-iritis

  Iritis can be caused by many things, such as: […] Infection from bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi […] Inflammatory autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, sarcoidosis, or juvenile arthritis […] Certain other health conditions such as leukemia or Kawasaki syndrome […] Reactions to medicines […] Eye injury […] In many cases, the cause of iritis is not known.

• #12 Why is My Iris Inflamed? When to See a Doctor for Iritis – AGEI Blog

  https://assileye.com/blog/iritis-causes-and-treatment/

  Iritis: causes and treatment, man with irritated eye, Assil Gaur Eye Institute […] Unfortunately, many cases of iritis are idiopathic, meaning we cant figure out what caused it. […] A few possible causes include: […] Viral infections, such as cold sores and shingles caused by herpes viruses, may initiate iritis. Infectious diseases from other viruses and bacteria can also be linked to uveitis, such as Lyme disease, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis. […] Patients who develop autoimmune diseases because of a specific gene alteration (HLA-b27) that enables systemic diseases, causing their immune systems to build acute iritis. These diseases include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriatic arthritis. […] An uncommon cause of acute iritis in Western countries, this condition is also characterized by joint problems, mouth sores, and genital sores. […] Chronic iritis can develop in children with this condition. […] This autoimmune disease involves the growth of collections of inflammatory cells in areas of your body, including your eyes.

• #13 Iritis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/iritis?content_id=CON-20212585

  Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Chronic iritis can develop in children with this condition. […] Sarcoidosis. This autoimmune disease involves the growth of collections of inflammatory cells in areas of your body, including your eyes. […] Certain medications. Some drugs, such as the antibiotic rifabutin (Mycobutin) and the antiviral medication cidofovir, that are used to treat HIV infections can be a rare cause of iritis. Rarely, bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, can cause uveitis. Stopping these medications usually stops the iritis symptoms.

• #13 Iritis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/iritis?content_id=CON-20212585

  Iritis is the most common type of uveitis. Uveitis is inflammation of part of or all of the uvea. The cause is often unknown. It can result from an underlying condition or genetic factor. […] Often, the cause of iritis can’t be determined. In some cases, iritis can be linked to eye trauma, genetic factors or certain diseases. Causes of iritis include: […] Injury to the eye. Blunt force trauma, a penetrating injury, or a burn from a chemical or fire can cause acute iritis. […] Infections. Viral infections on your face, such as cold sores and shingles caused by herpes viruses, can cause iritis. […] Genetic predisposition. People who develop certain autoimmune diseases because of a gene alteration that affects their immune systems might also develop acute iritis. […] Behcet’s disease. An uncommon cause of acute iritis in Western countries, this condition is also characterized by joint problems, mouth sores and genital sores.

• #14 Iritis

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/iritis

  Iritis can have many causes, including trauma, infection and autoimmune diseases such as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease), nephritis, and reactive arthritis. It can also be associated with conditions like leukemia and Kawasaki syndrome. […] Often, though, no identifiable cause can be found. […] There are many other tests that may be ordered to help identify a possible cause for the iritis.

• #15 Iritis Causes, Symptoms, vs Uveitis, Treatment & Complications

  https://www.medicinenet.com/iritis/article.htm

  Sarcoidosis […] Adamantiades-Behet’s disease, in which the inflammation is centered around the blood vessels in the uveal tissue […] Inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease […] Certain medications have been associated with iritis (for example, prostaglandin analog glaucoma medications) […] More posterior uveitis (for example, intermediate uveitis and choroiditis) with inflammatory cells that spill over into the anterior chamber (front part of the eye) can mimic iritis. Similarly, a retinal detachment can create a spillover of pigment and cells into the anterior chamber, which could also mimic iritis.

• #16 Iritis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Is It Serious?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/iritis/article_em.htm

  Iritis may be a consequence of trauma (traumatic iritis) or nontraumatic causes. In a significant number of cases, no cause for the iritis is found. […] Nontraumatic iritis is frequently associated with certain systemic diseases (diseases that affects multiple locations throughout the body), such as ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Behet’s disease, the HLA-B27-associated joint disorders, and psoriasis. Noteworthy of special attention is iritis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] Infectious causes may include Lyme disease, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, and herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses.

• #17 Iritis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Iritis

  Iritis is a form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye. […] Life Threatening Causes include Sarcoidosis, Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Wegener’s granulomatosis. […] Common Causes include Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 disorder, Meclofenamate, Medrysone, Trametinib, Tetracaine, Behet’s disease, Crohn’s disease, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Reiter’s disease, Chronic psoriasis, Psoriatic arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, and Ulcerative colitis. […] Causes by Organ System include Autoimmune retinal vasculitis, Ocular ischemic syndrome, and various infectious diseases such as Cat scratch fever, Herpes simplex, and Tuberculosis. […] Causes in Alphabetical Order include Alezzandrini syndrome, Ankylosing spondylitis, Autoimmune retinal vasculitis, Behet’s disease, Birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Blau syndrome, and many others.

• #18 Iritis: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments in Knoxville, TN

  https://www.baptisteye.com/iritis-symptoms-causes-treatments-in-knoxville-tn

  While uncommon in Western countries, Behcet’s disease can lead to joint problems and mouth sores as well as iritis. The autoimmune disease sarcoidosis results in collections of inflamed cells growing in your body, including the eyes. Certain medications including some antibiotics, antivirals, and occasionally bisphosphonates for osteoporosis can lead to iritis.

• #18 Iritis: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments in Knoxville, TN

  https://www.baptisteye.com/iritis-symptoms-causes-treatments-in-knoxville-tn

  Iritis can start out with minor symptoms such as pain and light sensitivity, but it’s actually a very serious condition. […] Iritis causes the anterior uvea of the eye to become inflamed. Common symptoms include sensitivity to light, eye pain, redness, and reduced vision. While there is no one cause of iritis, it has been connected to trauma, infections, and genetics. […] While the actual cause of iritis is not always known, experts have found it can result from another underlying condition or even be due to genetics. Oftentimes, the root cause of an individual case can’t be determined. However, common causes of iritis include: Eye trauma, Infection, Genetics, Behcet’s disease, Sarcoidosis, Certain medications. […] Eye trauma such as blunt force, a penetrating injury, or a burn can lead to acute iritis. Viral infections such as shingles and cold sores have also been known to cause it. Those with certain genetic markers can develop autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease, increasing their risk of developing acute iritis.

• #19 Infectious Causes of Uveitis | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/infectious-causes-of-uveitis/

  Uveitis means inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) or retina. […] Approximately 10% of anterior uveitis cases have an infectious etiology. […] Infectious causes of anterior include herpes simplex virus (HSV) (90% of infectious etiologies), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), syphilis, tuberculosis (TB), and Lyme disease. […] Infectious causes of posterior uveitis include ocular toxoplasmosis, acute retinal necrosis (HSV, VZV, sometimes cytomegalovirus [CMV]), CMV retinitis (severely immunocompromised patients), ocular Toxocara, syphilis, cat-scratch disease, and Candida endophthalmitis. […] Infectious causes of panuveitis include syphilis, TB, and Candida endophthalmitis. […] Infections cause about 20% of all uveitis cases, with the most common infectious etiologies being herpetic infections and toxoplasmosis.

• #20 Uveitis – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/uveitis-and-related-disorders/uveitis

  Other possible causes include infections that may affect only the eye, such as herpes (caused by herpes simplex virus) infection, shingles (caused by varicella-zoster virus), toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus occurs mainly in people with compromised immune systems, such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or who take medications that suppress the immune system. […] Eye injuries are a common cause of anterior uveitis. […] Although rare, some medications (such as pamidronate, rifabutin, sulfonamide antibiotics, cidofovir, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy agents) can cause uveitis.

• #21 Uveitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitis

  Uveitis may be an immune response to fight an infection caused by an organism in the eye. They are less common than non-infectious causes and require antimicrobial/ viral/ parasitic treatment in addition to inflammatory control. Infectious causes in order of global burden include: bartonellosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis, human herpesvirus viruses (herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster ophthalmicus – shingles of the eye), leptospirosis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, syphilis, toxocariasis, toxoplasmic chorioretinitis, Lyme disease, Zika fever. […] Recent evidence has pointed to reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella zoster and other viruses as important causes of developing what was previously described as idiopathic anterior uveitis. Bacterial infection is another significant contributing factor in developing uveitis.

• #22 Understanding Uveitis: Causes and Clinical Clues

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/understanding-uveitis-causes-and-clinical-clues

  It is always important to rule out infectious etiologies for posterior uveitis, and to know which infections to consider can help guide you in making an accurate diagnosis. […] Several bacterial infections cause posterior or panuveitis, but the most common are syphilis and TB. […] TB is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. […] Toxoplasmosis, unlike syphilis and TB, is caused by a parasite, Toxoplasmosa gondii. It is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in the world and classically presents as a unilateral focal necrotizing chorioretinitis with overlying vitritis. […] Endogenous endophthalmitis is another potential infectious cause of posterior uveitis and panuevitis. […] Systemic inflammatory conditions can also lead to posterior or panuveitis, although anterior uveitis is significantly more common.

• #23 Iritis and Uveitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798323-clinical

  While most cases of uveitis are idiopathic, a history focused on identifying a potential underlying systemic cause (eg, in young adult men, conjunctivitis, urethritis, and polyarthritis suggest reactive arthritis) is necessary in order to determine if workup is needed. […] Although uveitis is often associated with an underlying systemic disease, approximately 50% of patients have idiopathic uveitis that is not associated with any other clinical syndrome. […] Acute nongranulomatous uveitis is associated with diseases related to human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA B27), including ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behet disease. Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Lyme disease, and trauma also are associated with acute nongranulomatous uveitis.

• #24 Iritis (iridocyclitis): Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment

  https://nethradhama.org/blog/iritis/

  Iritis, also known as anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis), is an inflammation of the iris which is part of iridocyclitis. […] However, it can often signal an underlying systemic condition. […] Autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis are common culprits. […] Infections such as herpes simplex, syphilis, or tuberculosis may also trigger iritis (iridocyclitis). […] Autoimmune conditions are a leading cause of iritis (iridocyclitis). […] Commonly diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis trigger the immune system to attack healthy eye tissues. […] Similarly, inflammatory disorders such as Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis can lead to anterior uveitis. […] Viruses like herpes simplex or herpes zoster,

• #25 Uveitis: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/infections-allergies/uveitis/

  Uveitis can have many causes, including eye injury and inflammatory diseases. Exposure to toxic chemicals such as pesticides and acids used in manufacturing processes also can cause uveitis. […] In many cases, the cause of uveitis is unknown. In some cases, it is caused by infections or systemic disorders, including: ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet’s disease, birdshot retinochoroidopathy, brucellosis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Kawasaki’s disease, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), psoriatic arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, syphilis, systemic lupus erythematosus, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Phthisis Bulbi. […] Research has shown smoking is a risk factor for uveitis. „Cigarette smoke includes compounds that stimulate inflammation within the blood vessels, and this may contribute to immune system disruption and uveitis,” said University of California San Francisco (UCSF) researcher and ophthalmologist Dr. Nisha Acharya, one of the study authors.

• #26 Iritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment Options | MyVision.org

  https://myvision.org/eye-conditions/iritis/

  Iritis is when the eyes iris (the colored portion of the eye) becomes inflamed. […] Inflammation and swelling of the iris can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infections, trauma, and other eye disorders. […] The most common cause of iritis is from sustaining an injury to the eye, which is known as traumatic iritis. […] There are several different causes of iritis. […] Eye trauma: Any type of trauma to and around the eye can cause iritis, including blunt force trauma, corneal abrasions, and burns. […] Infections: Ocular infections from viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can all contribute to iritis. […] Other health issues: Many diseases and disorders cause mild to severe iritis. These include lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. […] Genetics: Approximately 50 percent of people with iritis have a gene known as the HLA-B27 gene, which increases the risk of developing the condition.

• #26 Iritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment Options | MyVision.org

  https://myvision.org/eye-conditions/iritis/

  Medications: Although rare, certain medications have been linked to iritis, including widely prescribed antibiotics such as oral fluoroquinolones. […] A round half of iritis patients have a gene known as the HLA-B27 gene, which increases the risk of developing the condition because of its effects on the immune system. […] Both syphilis and HIV/AIDS are linked to the development of iritis. Chlamydia can also spread to the eye and cause iritis symptoms. […] Several autoimmune related diseases that compromise the immune system are linked to developing iritis, including a form of arthritis known as ankylosing spondylitis and sarcoidosis, a rare condition that leaves patches of small tissue on the body’s organs. […] Other factors, such as environmental dangers or smoking cigarettes, can also increase the chances of developing iritis.

• #27 Traumatic Iritis: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/traumatic-iritis-3422015

  Traumatic iritis is inflammation of the iris due to trauma. It is most often caused by a blunt force injury, but can be caused by other types of injury. […] Most commonly, a corneal abrasion causes traumatic iritis. It may also result from a blunt force injury to the eye that ruptures, tears, or bruises the iris, or by a penetrating injury, a chemical or fire burn, the jarring of the head during an automobile accident, or an explosion (such as fireworks) near the eye. […] In traumatic iritis, the eye injury will trigger an inflammatory response in which white blood cells and proteins will rapidly accumulate between the iris and lens. […] Inflammation associated with traumatic iritis can often increase intraocular pressure (pressure within the eye). This can further amplify inflammation within the eye, increasing the risk of synechiae and angle-closure glaucoma.

• #28 Traumatic Iritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Traumatic_Iritis

  Traumatic iritis is typically caused by blunt eye injury, but has been reported after injury from other sources including firecrackers, pellet gun projectiles, motor vehicle accidents, amongst many others. […] Trauma is one of the most common causes of anterior uveitis. […] Trauma to the eye causes injury and death to cells that subsequently form necrotic products. These necrotic products stimulate an inflammatory reaction. Increased permeability of blood vessels in the eye allow inflammatory cells (WBCs), inflammatory mediators (proteins, etc.), and other blood contents to enter the eye tissue and eye media. […] Other causes of iritis include idiopathic (of unknown origin) iritis, infectious (herpes zoster, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, syphilis) iritis, genetic (HLA-B27, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiters syndrome), psoriatic arthritis), medications (antibiotics, antivirals), associated with systemic diseases (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, downs syndrome, Behcets syndrome), nongranulomatous anterior uveitis, extension of posterior uveitis, hyphema, corneal abrasion, or retinal detachment.

• #29 Traumatic Iritis: Causes, Symptoms and Effective Treatment Options

  https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/traumatic-iritis-causes-symptoms-and-effective-treatment-options-110921.html

  Traumatic iritis is a form of inflammation affecting the iris, the colored part of the eye, often resulting from an injury or trauma. This condition can arise from various causes, including blunt force trauma, penetrating injuries, chemical exposure, or even complications following eye surgery. […] Traumatic iritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris, often resulting from an injury to the eye. This condition can occur due to various forms of trauma, including blunt force, chemical exposure, or surgical complications. […] Common causes include sports-related injuries, accidents involving sharp objects, or even self-inflicted trauma during attempts to remove foreign bodies from the eye. Chemical burns can also provoke an inflammatory response in the iris, necessitating immediate medical attention.

• #30 Uveitis Causes And Risk Factors – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/uveitis-causes-and-risk-factors/

  Uveitis may result from infections, autoimmune disorders, injuries or eye trauma, toxin exposure, and certain medications. […] Uveitis can be caused by bacterial infections like Lyme disease, Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Cat scratch disease, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhea, and Brucellosis. […] After receiving a diagnosis of an autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, some people develop uveitis; in different cases, eye issues may be an early side effect that assists you with getting determined to get diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis. […] Uveitis can also be brought on by being around harmful chemicals and toxins like acids used in manufacturing and pesticides. […] Even though it is uncommon, drug-induced uveitis (DIU) is a significant cause of uveitis that one should be aware of.

• #31 Overview of Uveitis – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/uveitis-and-related-disorders/overview-of-uveitis

  Causes of anterior uveitis include […] Causes of intermediate uveitis include […] Causes of posterior uveitis (retinitis) include […] Causes of panuveitis include […] Infrequently, systemic medications cause uveitis (usually anterior). Examples are sulfonamides, bisphosphonates (inhibitors of bone resorption), rifabutin, cidofovir, antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, and chemotherapy agents, including checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK protein kinase inhibitors.

• #32 Iritis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/ophthalmology/iritis-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-and-complications

  Chronic iritis may occur in children who have this condition. […] Clusters of inflammatory cells multiply in several body areas, including the eyes, due to this autoimmune disorder. […] Sometimes using certain medications, such as the antibiotic rifabutin (Mycobutin) and the antiviral drug cidofovir, can cause iritis. […] A particular mutation in a gene essential for proper immune system activity makes arthritic symptoms more common. […] People with specific disorders, such as syphilis or HIV/AIDS, are significantly more prone to get iritis. […] Ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis are among the conditions covered by this. […] According to research, smoking raises your risk.

• #33

  https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/iritis/

  In most cases of iritis, we never discover a cause, and we do not understand why it happens. […] In some people, it is linked with inflammation elsewhere in the body such as the lower back in ankylosing spondylitis or the chest in sarcoidosis. […] It can happen with infection inside the eye or after operations such as cataract surgery.

• #34 Uveitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uveitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378734

  Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation. […] Possible causes of uveitis are infection, injury, or an autoimmune or inflammatory disease. Many times a cause can’t be identified. […] In about half of all cases, the specific cause of uveitis isn’t clear, and the disorder may be considered an autoimmune disease that only affects the eye or eyes. If a cause can be determined, it may be one of the following: […] An autoimmune or inflammatory disorder that affects other parts of the body, such as sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Crohn’s disease. […] Uveitis is one of the most common complications of ankylosing spondylitis. […] An infection, such as cat-scratch disease, herpes zoster, syphilis, toxoplasmosis or tuberculosis. […] Medication side effect. […] Eye injury or surgery. […] Very rarely, a cancer that affects the eye, such as lymphoma.

• #35 Iritis: Inflammation of the Iris

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/infections-allergies/iritis/

  Iritis can develop for several reasons. […] Causes of iritis are broken down into two general categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. […] Traumatic iritis occurs as the result of injury to the eye, such as blunt force trauma that causes swelling, a penetrating injury, burns and exposure to toxic chemicals. […] Non-traumatic iritis is associated with certain infectious diseases or medical conditions. […] Chronic iritis also has been linked to smoking. Researchers have concluded that compounds in cigarette smoke stimulate inflammation of blood vessels and may be a contributing factor to disruption of the immune system leading to iritis. […] Iritis caused by an infectious disease will heal once the infection is cured. Iritis that’s connected to a systemic disease may be chronic, recurring as the disease worsens and fading as it improves.

• #36 Eyes – uveitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-uveitis

  Iritis is the most common type of uveitis. It may be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders or side effects of various medications, although in a large percentage of patients no cause is ever found. […] Common known causes include: Autoimmune disease such as ankylosing spondylitis or sarcoidosis, Infections such as herpes virus infection, syphilis, Toxoplasmosis or bacteria in patients with sepsis, Isolated ocular autoimmune disorder the immune system attacks the iris for unknown reasons, even when no other autoimmune disease is present, Certain medications, including some glaucoma drops and cancer immunotherapy, Past eye injury or multiple eye operations, Immune reaction of the body against tattoo ink.

• #37 Iritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430909/

  The various HLA-B27 Associated Conditions with Ocular Involvement are Listed Below: […] The most common conditions were: Idiopathic, Seronegative spondyloarthropathies, Sarcoidosis, JRA, SLE, Behcet’s, HIV. […] The prognosis is typically good in most idiopathic and HLAB27- related AAU cases, provided management is adequate. […] The etiology of AAU can be varied, ranging from viral infections, bacterial infections, trauma, lens-related inflammation, keratitis, and scleritis. […] It is difficult to pinpoint the etiology in some cases, and it may be secondary to the cross-reactivity of microbial antigens in genetically predisposed patients.

• #38 Causes of Uveitis – Prevent Blindness

  https://preventblindness.org/causes-of-uveitis/

  Uveitis is a form of inflammation of the eye. The cause of uveitis is often unknown in at least one-third of cases. The inflammation could be caused by: […] Causes of Anterior Uveitis In more than a third of anterior uveitis cases, the exact cause is unknown but may include: […] In more than two thirds of all cases of intermediate uveitis, the exact cause is unknown. The remaining third of all cases are thought to be caused by conditions such as: […] In more than one in ten cases of posterior uveitis the cause is unknown. The following is a list of common causes of posterior uveitis. […] As with other kinds of uveitis, the cause of panuveitis is often unknown. Other possible causes include: […] Often, the cause of the uveitis is unknown. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a leading cause of uveitis in children.

• #39 Iritis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/iritis

  Behcet’s disease. An uncommon cause of acute iritis in Western countries, this condition is also characterized by joint problems, mouth sores and genital sores. […] Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Chronic iritis can develop in children with this condition. […] Sarcoidosis. This autoimmune disease involves the growth of collections of inflammatory cells in areas of your body, including your eyes. […] Certain medications. Some drugs, such as the antibiotic rifabutin (Mycobutin) and the antiviral medication cidofovir, that are used to treat HIV infections can be a rare cause of iritis. Rarely, bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, can cause uveitis. Stopping these medications usually stops the iritis symptoms.

• #40 Iritis | Wyse Eyecare

  https://www.tamarawysemd.com/our-services/other-eye-conditions/iritis/

  Iritis is an inflammation involving the iris (the colored area of the eye). It is also called anterior uveitis. […] Causes: The majority of iritis cases are idiopathic. This means that no cause is found. For a first case of iritis, if it is involving only one eye, is relatively mild, and responds well to treatment, no testing is needed to determine a cause. Testing is needed to look for an underlying cause of iritis IF: the iritis is recurrent (more than a single episode), involves both eyes, is severe, OR is difficult to treat. Even in these situations, more than half of the time no underlying cause is found. […] Testing is done to rule out treatable causes of iritis including autoimmune or rheumatologic conditions, as well as infectious causes from bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses. Other causes of iritis include trauma to the eye or reactions to certain medications. One of the most common causes of recurrent iritis is a genetic predisposition seen in people who test positive for the HLA B27 genetic marker. Testing for this marker is done in patients with recurrent iritis not only to determine a cause of iritis, but because this marker is also associated with other autoimmune conditions. It is important to remember that even with recurrent, bilateral, or severe iritis, and even when a thorough workup for underlying causes is done, it is common that no cause is found. Nonetheless, testing is important in recurrent, bilateral, or severe cases of iritis in case an underlying and treatable cause is present.

• #41 What is Iritis?

  https://www.armstrongoptometry.com/iritis/

  Iritis has many causes including but not limited to eye trauma, following eye surgery, some medications, malignancy, infection, adverse reaction to contact lenses, and association with general health problems that often have an autoimmune component (for example inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis among others). […] Nearly half of acute iritis is idiopathic, meaning that there is no cause found for it. […] Recurrent episodes of acute iritis, iritis involving both eyes, or chronic iritis often indicate a need for medical testing to search for an associated underlying general health condition.

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