Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Salmonella Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html

  Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of foodborne illness. Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards. […] Symptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment. Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious. The usual treatment is antibiotics. […] Salmonella enterocolitis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish.

• #2 Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/salmonellosis-salmonella-infection

  Salmonellosis is an illness caused by Salmonella bacteria. There are many different species of Salmonella bacteria which can infect both humans and animals. […] Salmonellosis is spread by eating contaminated foods, drinking contaminated water, or having hand-to-mouth contact with the stool (feces) of an infected person or animal. […] The common symptoms are: headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, sometimes vomiting. […] These symptoms may go away after several days but without antibiotic treatment, the sick person may be able to pass the disease to others for up to two months. People who have salmonellosis should not take antidiarrheal medicines because this may lengthen the amount of time they can pass the disease to other people. […] Cook all poultry, eggs, and egg products thoroughly.

• #3 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/SalmonellosisHealthProfessionals.aspx

  Nontyphoidal Salmonella are among the most commonly reported enteric bacterial pathogens in the United States; the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates Salmonella cause about 1.35 million infections, 26,500 hospitalizations, and 420 deaths each year in the United States. In California, about 5,000 salmonellosis cases are reported each year. However, it is estimated that only 1 of every 29 people who are infected with Salmonella bacteria seek medical care and are diagnosed with salmonellosis (Scallan et al., 2011). […] The most common illness associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella infection is acute gastroenteritis with diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. Illness usually lasts 3 to 5 days, and most people recover without treatment. More severe illness, including bacteremia, can occur, which may develop into sepsis or extraintestinal infection (such as meningitis or osteomyelitis). Reactive arthritis may occur as a rare complication. Conversely, asymptomatic infections may also occur.

• #4 Salmonella infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329

  Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. […] Most healthy people recover within a few days to a week without specific treatment. […] In some cases, diarrhea can cause severe dehydration and requires prompt medical attention. […] Most people don’t need to seek medical attention for salmonella infection because it clears up on its own within a few days. […] However, if the affected person is an infant, young child, older adult or someone with a weakened immune system, call a health care provider if illness: […] The body has many natural defenses against salmonella infection. […] Some medical problems or medications appear to increase your risk of catching salmonella by weakening your immune system. […] If you can’t drink enough to replace the fluid you’re losing from diarrhea, you may become dehydrated.

• #5 Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/salmonellosis-salmonella-infection

  Salmonellosis is an illness caused by Salmonella bacteria. There are many different species of Salmonella bacteria which can infect both humans and animals. […] Salmonellosis is spread by eating contaminated foods, drinking contaminated water, or having hand-to-mouth contact with the stool (feces) of an infected person or animal. […] The common symptoms are: headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, sometimes vomiting. […] These symptoms may go away after several days but without antibiotic treatment, the sick person may be able to pass the disease to others for up to two months. People who have salmonellosis should not take antidiarrheal medicines because this may lengthen the amount of time they can pass the disease to other people. […] Cook all poultry, eggs, and egg products thoroughly.

• #6 Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/salmonellosis-salmonella-infection

  Salmonellosis is an illness caused by Salmonella bacteria. There are many different species of Salmonella bacteria which can infect both humans and animals. […] Salmonellosis is spread by eating contaminated foods, drinking contaminated water, or having hand-to-mouth contact with the stool (feces) of an infected person or animal. […] The common symptoms are: headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, sometimes vomiting. […] These symptoms may go away after several days but without antibiotic treatment, the sick person may be able to pass the disease to others for up to two months. People who have salmonellosis should not take antidiarrheal medicines because this may lengthen the amount of time they can pass the disease to other people. […] Cook all poultry, eggs, and egg products thoroughly.

• #7 Salmonella Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html

  Kids with a Salmonella infection typically have diarrhea (sometimes with blood in it), fever, and belly pain. In some kids, it causes a headache. In young babies and people with a weak immune system (for example, from chemotherapy), infections can be more severe and cause infection in the pee, blood (called bacteremia), bones, joints, or brain. […] Kids with a Salmonella infection should drink lots of fluids so that they don’t get dehydrated. They should also rest as needed. Don’t give anti-diarrhea medicines as some can make diarrhea worse. […] When caring for someone who has diarrhea, wash your hands well and often, especially before touching other people and before eating or preparing food. Clean toilets after the person with diarrhea uses them.

• #8 Salmonella Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html

  Kids with a Salmonella infection typically have diarrhea (sometimes with blood in it), fever, and belly pain. In some kids, it causes a headache. In young babies and people with a weak immune system (for example, from chemotherapy), infections can be more severe and cause infection in the pee, blood (called bacteremia), bones, joints, or brain. […] Kids with a Salmonella infection should drink lots of fluids so that they don’t get dehydrated. They should also rest as needed. Don’t give anti-diarrhea medicines as some can make diarrhea worse. […] When caring for someone who has diarrhea, wash your hands well and often, especially before touching other people and before eating or preparing food. Clean toilets after the person with diarrhea uses them.

• #9 Salmonella: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942

  Most people with Salmonella infections have mild symptoms and recover without treatment. However, some require care in a hospital setting. […] Symptoms of Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis usually disappear without treatment after 47 days. Treatments may include: fluids to prevent dehydration, antimotility drugs to reduce cramping and stop diarrhea, antibiotics for severe symptoms or if bacteria have entered the bloodstream or are likely to do so. […] If a woman develops a Salmonella infection during pregnancy, there can be additional risks. Dehydration and a lack of nutrients that result from the infection can harm the mother and baby. In around 4% of Salmonella infections during pregnancy, the bacteria spread to the blood. This can lead to intrauterine sepsis, a potentially life threatening condition. […] Older people, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems should not hesitate to seek medical advice.

• #10 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Salmonella Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnoses, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for Salmonella are listed below. […] Assessment […] Assess the individuals history of present illness. Inquire about the presence of fever, as an elevated temperature is almost always present. Assess onset and duration of signs and symptoms. Watch for signs of dehydration and treat promptly. […] Inquire about possible sources of infection. Determine if the individual has had any recent contact with an infected person or animal. Inquire if the individual has consumed uncooked eggs or meat products. Determine if the individual ingested this food at home or at an alternate location, such as a restaurant. Find out if the individual has any history of recent travel.

• #11 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Salmonella Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnoses, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for Salmonella are listed below. […] Assessment […] Assess the individuals history of present illness. Inquire about the presence of fever, as an elevated temperature is almost always present. Assess onset and duration of signs and symptoms. Watch for signs of dehydration and treat promptly. […] Inquire about possible sources of infection. Determine if the individual has had any recent contact with an infected person or animal. Inquire if the individual has consumed uncooked eggs or meat products. Determine if the individual ingested this food at home or at an alternate location, such as a restaurant. Find out if the individual has any history of recent travel.

• #12 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Salmonella Nursing Care Management […] This study guide gives a summary of Salmonella Infection or Salmonellosis, its pathophysiology, assessment findings, medical management, and nursing care management. […] Nursing care of a patient with salmonella infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient with salmonella include: […] History. Salmonella infections typically produce 1 of 3 distinct syndromes: nontyphoidal enterocolitis, nontyphoidal focal disease, or typhoid (enteric) fever. […] Physical exam. The physical findings of nontyphoidal gastroenteritis are generally limited to non-bloody loose stool or watery diarrhea; patients with typhoid fever may develop pink, blanchable, slightly raised macules (rose spots) on the chest and abdomen. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis are:

• #13 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Salmonella Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnoses, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for Salmonella are listed below. […] Assessment […] Assess the individuals history of present illness. Inquire about the presence of fever, as an elevated temperature is almost always present. Assess onset and duration of signs and symptoms. Watch for signs of dehydration and treat promptly. […] Inquire about possible sources of infection. Determine if the individual has had any recent contact with an infected person or animal. Inquire if the individual has consumed uncooked eggs or meat products. Determine if the individual ingested this food at home or at an alternate location, such as a restaurant. Find out if the individual has any history of recent travel.

• #14 Factors associated with Salmonella infection in patients with gastrointestinal complaints seeking health care at Regional Hospital in Southern Highland of Tanzania | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-020-4849-7

  There is a high prevalence of Salmonella infection among people who report gastrointestinal complaints and it is clinically predicated by diarrhea and abdominal pain. Employed participants and those eating at restaurant and drinking unsafe water had higher risk of infection. […] The odds of having Salmonella infection was eight times among patients reported abdominal pain (AOR 8.5, 95% CI, 1.8139.78) as compared to patients without abdominal pain. Having diarrhea had two times odds of having Salmonella infection (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.134.24) compared to patients without diarrhea. The odd of having Salmonella infection were three times among employed participants (AOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.426.49) than other occupations. […] The study found abdominal pain and diarrhea being the clinical determinants of Salmonella infection.

• #15 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Salmonella Nursing Care Management […] This study guide gives a summary of Salmonella Infection or Salmonellosis, its pathophysiology, assessment findings, medical management, and nursing care management. […] Nursing care of a patient with salmonella infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient with salmonella include: […] History. Salmonella infections typically produce 1 of 3 distinct syndromes: nontyphoidal enterocolitis, nontyphoidal focal disease, or typhoid (enteric) fever. […] Physical exam. The physical findings of nontyphoidal gastroenteritis are generally limited to non-bloody loose stool or watery diarrhea; patients with typhoid fever may develop pink, blanchable, slightly raised macules (rose spots) on the chest and abdomen. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis are:

• #16 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Salmonella Nursing Care Management […] This study guide gives a summary of Salmonella Infection or Salmonellosis, its pathophysiology, assessment findings, medical management, and nursing care management. […] Nursing care of a patient with salmonella infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient with salmonella include: […] History. Salmonella infections typically produce 1 of 3 distinct syndromes: nontyphoidal enterocolitis, nontyphoidal focal disease, or typhoid (enteric) fever. […] Physical exam. The physical findings of nontyphoidal gastroenteritis are generally limited to non-bloody loose stool or watery diarrhea; patients with typhoid fever may develop pink, blanchable, slightly raised macules (rose spots) on the chest and abdomen. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis are:

• #17 Salmonella Infection Care and Management for Nurses

  https://www.pulseuniform.com/knowledge-hub/salmonella-infection-management.asp?srsltid=AfmBOopwwIN9EAqHoEDWfX2AfjPH8k_DQI7cPKbs4QY5Xa14rR9WRKM2

  Salmonella infection also known as salmonellosis is a bacterial infection that affects the intestines. […] While Salmonella may not have any symptoms, some patients may develop the symptoms such as cramping in the belly, pain, diarrhea, upset stomach and fever within 8 to 72 hours of contamination. Most patients get back to normal with adequate care and rest at home within 4-7 days. In some cases, hospitalization or tertiary acute care may be required. […] The diarrhea associated with this infection is extremely dehydrating, where prompt care is required to avoid organ damage. […] The nursing care of patients suffering from salmonella is as follows: […] If a patient has contracted Salmonella, the assessment will focus on: […] The primary nursing care planning for Salmonella patients include:

• #18 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Prevent fluid volume deficit. Assess the clients skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration; monitor BP for orthostatic changes (changes seen when changing from a supine to a standing position); instruct the client to monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, preferably at the same time of the day, and wearing the same amount of clothing; and administer antiemetic medications as ordered. […] Improve nutritional intake. Measure client weight; monitor and record the number of vomiting, amount and frequency; monitor the clients food intake; provide a diverse diet according to his needs; and provide parenteral fluids, as ordered. […] Goals are met for a patient with salmonella as evidenced by: […] Client has a negative stool culture. […] Client passed soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day.

• #19 Salmonella Infection Care and Management for Nurses

  https://www.pulseuniform.com/knowledge-hub/salmonella-infection-management.asp?srsltid=AfmBOopwwIN9EAqHoEDWfX2AfjPH8k_DQI7cPKbs4QY5Xa14rR9WRKM2

  The nursing interventions for individuals suffering from Salmonella are: […] A nurse is supposed to teach the clients regarding the importance of hand washing after every bowel movement. […] The first thing you need to do as a nurse is to assess the knowledge of salmonellosis. […] In order to assess the signs of dehydration and assess the patient’s mucous membrane and skin turgor. […] Start by measuring the weight of the client and keep a record of the weight, vomiting and frequency. […] The goals of assessment are met for a Salmonella patient if: […] Salmonella infection can cause dehydration where the patient needs to be administered with electrolytes and fluid. […] In case the Salmonella infection has entered your bloodstream, your immunity might be compromised. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

• #20

  https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/WIDHS/bulletins/3c45a9a

  DHS urges facilities to take the following steps: […] Monitor for symptoms of severe Salmonella infection: […] Diarrhea and a fever higher than 102F […] Diarrhea for more than 3 days that is not improving […] Bloody diarrhea […] So much vomiting that you cannot keep liquids down […] Signs of dehydration, such as: […] Not peeing much […] Dry mouth and throat […] Feeling dizzy when standing up.

• #21 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Prevent fluid volume deficit. Assess the clients skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration; monitor BP for orthostatic changes (changes seen when changing from a supine to a standing position); instruct the client to monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, preferably at the same time of the day, and wearing the same amount of clothing; and administer antiemetic medications as ordered. […] Improve nutritional intake. Measure client weight; monitor and record the number of vomiting, amount and frequency; monitor the clients food intake; provide a diverse diet according to his needs; and provide parenteral fluids, as ordered. […] Goals are met for a patient with salmonella as evidenced by: […] Client has a negative stool culture. […] Client passed soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day.

• #22 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #23 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Diarrhea related to bacterial infection. […] Deficient Knowledge related to new disorder and treatment and unfamiliarity with information resources. […] Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to nausea and vomiting. […] The major nursing care planning goals for a patient with salmonella include the following: […] Client will have a negative stool culture. […] Client will pass soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day. […] Client will verbalize understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client is normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor.

• #24 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #25 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Diarrhea related to bacterial infection. […] Deficient Knowledge related to new disorder and treatment and unfamiliarity with information resources. […] Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to nausea and vomiting. […] The major nursing care planning goals for a patient with salmonella include the following: […] Client will have a negative stool culture. […] Client will pass soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day. […] Client will verbalize understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client is normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor.

• #26 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #27 Salmonella infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355335

  Salmonella infection is usually diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. […] Salmonella infection can be detected by testing a stool sample. However, most people have recovered from their symptoms by the time the test results return. […] If your health care provider suspects that you have a salmonella infection in your bloodstream, testing a sample of your blood for the bacteria may be needed. […] Most healthy people recover within a few days to a week without specific treatment. Preventing dehydration with adequate fluid intake can help you recover. […] Because salmonella infection can cause dehydration, treatment focuses on replacing lost fluids and electrolytes minerals that balance the amount of water in the body. […] If dehydration is severe, emergency room care or hospitalization may be needed so that fluids can be delivered directly into a vein (intravenous).

• #28 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Prevent fluid volume deficit. Assess the clients skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration; monitor BP for orthostatic changes (changes seen when changing from a supine to a standing position); instruct the client to monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, preferably at the same time of the day, and wearing the same amount of clothing; and administer antiemetic medications as ordered. […] Improve nutritional intake. Measure client weight; monitor and record the number of vomiting, amount and frequency; monitor the clients food intake; provide a diverse diet according to his needs; and provide parenteral fluids, as ordered. […] Goals are met for a patient with salmonella as evidenced by: […] Client has a negative stool culture. […] Client passed soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day.

• #29 Salmonella infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355335

  In addition to advising you to drink plenty of fluids, your health care provider may recommend: […] Your health care provider may prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria. These are usually given if your provider suspects that salmonella bacteria have entered your bloodstream, your infection is severe or you have a weakened immune system. […] Even if you don’t need medical attention for your salmonella infection, you need to take care not to become dehydrated, a common concern with diarrhea and vomiting. […] For infants and children who have become dehydrated from diarrhea, vomiting or fever, use oral rehydration solutions that you can buy without a prescription. These solutions contain water and salts in specific proportions to replenish both fluids and electrolytes.

• #30 Salmonella: Outbreaks, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15697-salmonella

  Salmonella usually goes away on its own in a few days. You should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] You usually don’t treat salmonella with medication. If you’re severely ill or at high risk for complications, your healthcare provider will treat you with antibiotics. If you have severe diarrhea, you may need to be hospitalized. […] The most important way to manage the symptoms of salmonella is to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Salmonella usually goes away on its own, though you may have to go through a few days of symptoms first. Make sure to drink plenty of fluids so you don’t get dehydrated. […] You can greatly reduce your risk of salmonella by following safe food preparation practices and being careful around animals. […] If you’re living with a compromised immune system or sickle cell disease, or if you get severely ill with salmonella, your healthcare provider may treat you with antibiotics. […] You should contact your healthcare provider if your symptoms don’t get better after a few days. You should go to the ER if you have signs of serious illness or dehydration.

• #31 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Control pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, if necessary. […] Expected Outcomes […] Decrease in episodes of diarrhea […] Manage pain effectively […] Maintain normal body weight […] Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance […] Resolve infection […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Review diagnosis and treatment. […] Discuss medications and potential side effects. […] Call if any complications or adverse effects arise. […] Follow up with the private healthcare provider.

• #32 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Control pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, if necessary. […] Expected Outcomes […] Decrease in episodes of diarrhea […] Manage pain effectively […] Maintain normal body weight […] Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance […] Resolve infection […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Review diagnosis and treatment. […] Discuss medications and potential side effects. […] Call if any complications or adverse effects arise. […] Follow up with the private healthcare provider.

• #33 Treatment of Salmonella Infection | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/treatment/index.html

  Some kinds of Salmonella can cause diarrhea. […] People with diarrhea should drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Call the doctor before using anti-diarrheal medication. […] Most people recover without using antibiotics. […] People with diarrhea should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Dehydration can happen quickly in young children. Give children with diarrhea or vomiting extra fluids, such as Pedialyte or oral rehydration salts. […] Talk to your healthcare provider before taking anti-diarrheal medication, such as Imodium. […] Most people get better without using antibiotics. […] Antibiotics are sometimes used to treat severe intestinal illness. […] But the good news is that most people with Salmonella infection recover without needing to take antibiotics. […] Be extra careful about practicing good hygiene for at least 2 weeks after diarrhea ends. You can continue to shed (get rid of) Salmonella in poop even if you no longer have diarrhea.

• #34 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #35 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #36 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #37 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #38 Salmonella infection

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Salmonella-infection

  Wash and dry your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet. […] Avoid preparing or handling food and drinks for other people in your household until at least 24 hours after your symptoms have finished. If you must prepare or handle food, thoroughly wash your hands beforehand to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. […] Immediately remove and wash using detergent and hot water any clothes or bedding contaminated with vomit or diarrhoea. […] After an episode of diarrhoea or vomiting, clean contaminated surfaces (for example benches, floors and toilets) immediately using detergent and hot water. Then disinfectant surfaces using a bleach-based product diluted according to manufacturers instructions. […] Clean carpet or soft furnishings contaminated with diarrhoea or vomit immediately using detergent and hot water and then steam clean. […] Safe food preparation and thorough cooking, and washing your hands after contact with raw meats and animals can help prevent Salmonella infection.

• #39 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Prevent fluid volume deficit. Assess the clients skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration; monitor BP for orthostatic changes (changes seen when changing from a supine to a standing position); instruct the client to monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, preferably at the same time of the day, and wearing the same amount of clothing; and administer antiemetic medications as ordered. […] Improve nutritional intake. Measure client weight; monitor and record the number of vomiting, amount and frequency; monitor the clients food intake; provide a diverse diet according to his needs; and provide parenteral fluids, as ordered. […] Goals are met for a patient with salmonella as evidenced by: […] Client has a negative stool culture. […] Client passed soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day.

• #40 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Prevent fluid volume deficit. Assess the clients skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration; monitor BP for orthostatic changes (changes seen when changing from a supine to a standing position); instruct the client to monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, preferably at the same time of the day, and wearing the same amount of clothing; and administer antiemetic medications as ordered. […] Improve nutritional intake. Measure client weight; monitor and record the number of vomiting, amount and frequency; monitor the clients food intake; provide a diverse diet according to his needs; and provide parenteral fluids, as ordered. […] Goals are met for a patient with salmonella as evidenced by: […] Client has a negative stool culture. […] Client passed soft, formed stool no more than 3 x a day.

• #41 Clinical Overview of Salmonellosis | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care. […] Most patients with salmonellosis require only supportive care. Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for patients with severe infections and patients at risk for invasive disease. […] Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care, which includes fluid and electrolyte replacement. In healthy people with Salmonella infection, antibiotics generally do not shorten the duration of diarrhea or fever. […] Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for certain patients, such as people with severe diarrhea, blood infection, or extra-intestinal infections (for example, urinary tract infection), and people at risk for invasive disease, such as infants, people who are 50 years and older with atherosclerosis, and people with immunosuppression, heart disease, or major joint disease.

• #42 Clinical Overview of Salmonellosis | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care. […] Most patients with salmonellosis require only supportive care. Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for patients with severe infections and patients at risk for invasive disease. […] Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care, which includes fluid and electrolyte replacement. In healthy people with Salmonella infection, antibiotics generally do not shorten the duration of diarrhea or fever. […] Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for certain patients, such as people with severe diarrhea, blood infection, or extra-intestinal infections (for example, urinary tract infection), and people at risk for invasive disease, such as infants, people who are 50 years and older with atherosclerosis, and people with immunosuppression, heart disease, or major joint disease.

• #43 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/SalmonellosisHealthProfessionals.aspx

  Antibiotics are not recommended for treating immunocompetent patients with uncomplicated Salmonella infection, as antimicrobial treatment may be associated with prolonged Salmonella shedding and with antibiotic resistant organisms. […] Confirmation of Salmonella through culture is ideal because it enables public health scientists to determine the serotype, identify antibiotic resistance characteristics, and perform whole genome sequencing for outbreak detection.

• #44 Clinical Overview of Salmonellosis | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care. […] Most patients with salmonellosis require only supportive care. Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for patients with severe infections and patients at risk for invasive disease. […] Most patients with Salmonella diarrheal illness require only supportive care, which includes fluid and electrolyte replacement. In healthy people with Salmonella infection, antibiotics generally do not shorten the duration of diarrhea or fever. […] Antibiotic treatment should be considered only for certain patients, such as people with severe diarrhea, blood infection, or extra-intestinal infections (for example, urinary tract infection), and people at risk for invasive disease, such as infants, people who are 50 years and older with atherosclerosis, and people with immunosuppression, heart disease, or major joint disease.

• #45 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228174-treatment

  Salmonella gastroenteritis is usually a self-limiting disease. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be indicated in severe cases. Because antibiotics do not appear to shorten the duration of symptoms and may actually prolong the duration of convalescent carriage, they are not routinely used to treat uncomplicated nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Current recommendations are that antibiotics should be reserved for patients with severe disease or patients who are at a high risk for invasive disease. […] Treatment of salmonella infection in pregnancy is controversial, and antibiotic therapy should be reserved for cases of invasive disease, using amoxicillin or cephalosporin. […] Antimicrobial therapy for endovascular infections should be continued for a minimum of 6 weeks after successful surgery.

• #46 Clinical Overview of Salmonellosis | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  The main risks of antibiotic treatment include adverse effects of the antibiotic, the possibility of prolonged asymptomatic Salmonella carriage, and disturbance of the microbiome. Antibiotic use also contributes to antimicrobial resistance. […] Recommended first-line antibiotics include fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, and third-generation cephalosporins.

• #47 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228174-treatment

  Years of therapy might be needed when surgery is not possible (eg, retained prosthetic devices, chronic bone and joint infections). […] Salmonella bacteremia is generally treated with a single bactericidal drug for 10-14 days. Given the resistance trends, life-threatening infections should be treated with both a third-generation cephalosporin and a fluoroquinolone until the susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents are known.

• #48 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Activity intolerance […] Infection related to the presence of infectious agent […] Altered nutrition: Less than body requirements […] Diarrhea related to bacterial infection […] Fluid volume deficit […] Hyperthermia […] Pain […] Interventions […] Administer medications as ordered. […] Explain the diagnosis, side effects, and treatment. […] Give oxygen as needed per order. […] Take infection precautions. […] Insert and maintain IV therapy per protocol and order. […] Recommend/offer meticulous skin and oral care. […] Monitor for: […] Adverse reaction or complications […] Intake and output […] Lab results […] Treatment response […] Vital signs […] Correct electrolyte disturbances. […] Establish oxygen, monitors, IV lines, blood for labs, and stool for culture.

• #49 Treatment of Salmonella Infection | Salmonella Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/treatment/index.html

  Some kinds of Salmonella can cause diarrhea. […] People with diarrhea should drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Call the doctor before using anti-diarrheal medication. […] Most people recover without using antibiotics. […] People with diarrhea should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Dehydration can happen quickly in young children. Give children with diarrhea or vomiting extra fluids, such as Pedialyte or oral rehydration salts. […] Talk to your healthcare provider before taking anti-diarrheal medication, such as Imodium. […] Most people get better without using antibiotics. […] Antibiotics are sometimes used to treat severe intestinal illness. […] But the good news is that most people with Salmonella infection recover without needing to take antibiotics. […] Be extra careful about practicing good hygiene for at least 2 weeks after diarrhea ends. You can continue to shed (get rid of) Salmonella in poop even if you no longer have diarrhea.

• #50 Salmonella: Causes, Symptoms, Risks, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-salmonella

  Most people recover from salmonella without medication. But if your case is severe or long-lasting, your doctor might recommend: Anti-diarrheal medication, such as loperamide (Imodium). These medications help relieve cramping and slow down the speed that fluids and stool move through your bowels so you have less diarrhea and more formed stools. […] Antibiotics might be prescribed for severe illness. […] See your doctor if you’re still having general symptoms more than a week after first getting the infection. […] A young child, an older adult, or someone who has a weakened immune system should see a doctor if they have any of these symptoms: Bloody poop, an ongoing high fever, dehydration, when they’ve lost too much fluid. Signs include peeing only in small amounts, a dry mouth, and sunken eyes.

• #51 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Control pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, if necessary. […] Expected Outcomes […] Decrease in episodes of diarrhea […] Manage pain effectively […] Maintain normal body weight […] Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance […] Resolve infection […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Review diagnosis and treatment. […] Discuss medications and potential side effects. […] Call if any complications or adverse effects arise. […] Follow up with the private healthcare provider.

• #52 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client will have an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Nursing interventions for a patient with samonellosis are: […] Relieve diarrhea. Teach the client about the importance of hand washing after each bowel movement and before preparing food for others; encourage increase fluid intake of 1.5 to 2.5 liters/24 hour plus 200 ml for each loose stool in adults unless contraindicated; encourage the client to eat foods rich in potassium; and administer antidiarrheal medications as prescribed. […] Educate patient and folks. Assess clients knowledge of salmonellosis, its mode of transmission, and its treatment; educate the client and the family about the causes of and treatments for salmonellosis; educate the client about the importance of hand washing after toileting and perianal hygiene and before preparing food for others; and educate the client about food preparation and storage methods to reduce contamination by microorganisms.

• #53 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client will have an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Nursing interventions for a patient with samonellosis are: […] Relieve diarrhea. Teach the client about the importance of hand washing after each bowel movement and before preparing food for others; encourage increase fluid intake of 1.5 to 2.5 liters/24 hour plus 200 ml for each loose stool in adults unless contraindicated; encourage the client to eat foods rich in potassium; and administer antidiarrheal medications as prescribed. […] Educate patient and folks. Assess clients knowledge of salmonellosis, its mode of transmission, and its treatment; educate the client and the family about the causes of and treatments for salmonellosis; educate the client about the importance of hand washing after toileting and perianal hygiene and before preparing food for others; and educate the client about food preparation and storage methods to reduce contamination by microorganisms.

• #54 Salmonella infection

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Salmonella-infection

  Wash and dry your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet. […] Avoid preparing or handling food and drinks for other people in your household until at least 24 hours after your symptoms have finished. If you must prepare or handle food, thoroughly wash your hands beforehand to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. […] Immediately remove and wash using detergent and hot water any clothes or bedding contaminated with vomit or diarrhoea. […] After an episode of diarrhoea or vomiting, clean contaminated surfaces (for example benches, floors and toilets) immediately using detergent and hot water. Then disinfectant surfaces using a bleach-based product diluted according to manufacturers instructions. […] Clean carpet or soft furnishings contaminated with diarrhoea or vomit immediately using detergent and hot water and then steam clean. […] Safe food preparation and thorough cooking, and washing your hands after contact with raw meats and animals can help prevent Salmonella infection.

• #55 Salmonella outbreak associated with Washington Care Center in Seattle – King County, Washington

  https://kingcounty.gov/en/dept/dph/health-safety/disease-illness/foodborne-illness-outbreaks/2023-august-2-wa-care-center

  Public Health provided education to facility staff to prevent further spread of illness. […] Sick people with a suspected Salmonella infection should not work in food handling, patient care, or childcare while having vomiting or diarrhea. […] To prevent Salmonella infection: Wash hands with soap and water after going to the bathroom, changing diapers, touching animals, and before eating or preparing food. […] Cook all meats thoroughly, especially poultry. […] Wash cutting boards and counters used for meat or poultry preparation immediately after use to avoid cross contaminating other foods.

• #56

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/salmonella-infection

  Salmonella is passed in the feces; therefore, people with diarrhea that could be due to an infection should not go to work or school. If you are a food handler, health care worker or work in or attend a day care, it is possible for you to transmit salmonella to others in these settings. Do not work while you have diarrhea or vomiting and do not return to work or day care until 48 hours after your last loose stool or episode of vomiting. […] Be aware of the risks associated with the food products you buy and know how to prepare your food safely. Treat all raw poultry and meat, including raw pet food, as if it is contaminated and handle it safely. […] WASH YOUR HANDS! […] Avoid feeding your pet raw food (meat or commercial raw pet food), raw meat pet treats or unpasteurized milk. If you choose to feed these products to your pet, follow the safe food handling measures described above including thoroughly washing and disinfecting all surfaces and pet bowls that have been in contact with this raw food.

• #57 Salmonella infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329

  You can avoid getting salmonella and spreading bacteria to others in several ways, including safely preparing food, hand-washing, avoiding contamination, and not eating raw meat, dairy or egg products. […] Preventive methods are especially important when preparing food or providing care for infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. […] Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent the transfer of salmonella bacteria to your mouth or to any food you’re preparing. […] To prevent cross-contamination: […] Be sure to cook food thoroughly and refrigerate or freeze food promptly.

• #58 Salmonella infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329

  You can avoid getting salmonella and spreading bacteria to others in several ways, including safely preparing food, hand-washing, avoiding contamination, and not eating raw meat, dairy or egg products. […] Preventive methods are especially important when preparing food or providing care for infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. […] Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent the transfer of salmonella bacteria to your mouth or to any food you’re preparing. […] To prevent cross-contamination: […] Be sure to cook food thoroughly and refrigerate or freeze food promptly.

• #59 Salmonellosis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/salmonellosis.shtml

  You can get a Salmonella infection from a variety of foods. Salmonella bacteria can be found in many foods, including sprouts and other vegetables, eggs, chicken, pork, fruits, and processed foods. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Remember to follow the Clean, Separate, Cook, and Chill guidelines for safe food handling and storage. […] Salmonella can spread from animals to people and from people to people. Always wash your hands after contact with animals, after using the bathroom, or helping someone with diarrhea. If you have salmonellosis, you should not prepare food or drink until you no longer have diarrhea. […] Salmonella illness is more common in the summer. Warmer weather and unrefrigerated foods create ideal conditions for bacteria to grow. Be sure to refrigerate or freeze perishables, prepared foods, and leftovers within 2 hours.

• #60 Salmonellosis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/salmonellosis.shtml

  Play safe around animals. Pets and other healthy animals, including those at petting zoos, farms, and fairs can carry Salmonella bacteria. The following tips will help you stay safe when it comes to our feathery and furry friends: Wash your hands thoroughly with running water and soap after touching pets and other animals. Do not kiss cats, dogs, chickens, turtles, or other pets and animals. Do not put your hands in your mouth after petting or playing with animals. Never eat or drink around high-risk animals (turtles, frogs, chickens, ducks) or in areas where they live and roam. Clean your pet’s bed, cage, and its contents (such as food and water bowls) outdoors. Use a bathtub and avoid using the kitchen sick, if possible. Take your pet to the veterinarian regularly. By keeping your pet healthy, you also keep yourself and your family healthy.

• #61 Salmonellosis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/salmonellosis.shtml

  Play safe around animals. Pets and other healthy animals, including those at petting zoos, farms, and fairs can carry Salmonella bacteria. The following tips will help you stay safe when it comes to our feathery and furry friends: Wash your hands thoroughly with running water and soap after touching pets and other animals. Do not kiss cats, dogs, chickens, turtles, or other pets and animals. Do not put your hands in your mouth after petting or playing with animals. Never eat or drink around high-risk animals (turtles, frogs, chickens, ducks) or in areas where they live and roam. Clean your pet’s bed, cage, and its contents (such as food and water bowls) outdoors. Use a bathtub and avoid using the kitchen sick, if possible. Take your pet to the veterinarian regularly. By keeping your pet healthy, you also keep yourself and your family healthy.

• #62

  https://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2006/09000/preventing_salmonella_infection.10.aspx

  Many healthy mammals, reptiles, and birds carry Salmonella bacteria in their intestinal tracts, so use caution when petting animals and coming in contact with animal feces. […] Teach your patient and her family to wash their hands with soap and running water after contact with animals or their feces.

• #63 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #64 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #65 Salmonella – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/salmonellosis.page

  Salmonella bacteria are one of the most common causes of food-related illnesses. It can lead to an infection, called salmonellosis. Any person can get salmonellosis. Children younger than 5 years, adults older than 65 years and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk for getting very sick. […] One way to prevent infection is to practice good hand hygiene. Wash hands with soap and warm water before and after touching food, after using the bathroom or changing a diaper and when taking care of someone with a Salmonella infection. […] Health care provider can test for Salmonella most commonly from stool, but also urine, blood or other sources. Most people with salmonellosis will recover on their own. They only need to take fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Salmonella bacteria live in the stool, so people should stay home from work, school or day care if they have diarrhea. Once their stools are solid, people can return to work or school. […] Food handlers, health care workers, daycare employees and children in day care who are younger than 5 years, must get approval from the Health Department before they can return to their routine activities.

• #66 Salmonella: Outbreaks, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15697-salmonella

  Salmonella usually goes away on its own in a few days. You should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] You usually don’t treat salmonella with medication. If you’re severely ill or at high risk for complications, your healthcare provider will treat you with antibiotics. If you have severe diarrhea, you may need to be hospitalized. […] The most important way to manage the symptoms of salmonella is to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Salmonella usually goes away on its own, though you may have to go through a few days of symptoms first. Make sure to drink plenty of fluids so you don’t get dehydrated. […] You can greatly reduce your risk of salmonella by following safe food preparation practices and being careful around animals. […] If you’re living with a compromised immune system or sickle cell disease, or if you get severely ill with salmonella, your healthcare provider may treat you with antibiotics. […] You should contact your healthcare provider if your symptoms don’t get better after a few days. You should go to the ER if you have signs of serious illness or dehydration.

• #67

  https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/WIDHS/bulletins/3c45a9a

  DHS urges facilities to take the following steps: […] Monitor for symptoms of severe Salmonella infection: […] Diarrhea and a fever higher than 102F […] Diarrhea for more than 3 days that is not improving […] Bloody diarrhea […] So much vomiting that you cannot keep liquids down […] Signs of dehydration, such as: […] Not peeing much […] Dry mouth and throat […] Feeling dizzy when standing up.

• #68 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis)

  https://healthlibrary.umcno.org/wellness/BloodPressure/3,40227

  Call your healthcare provider if you have any of these: New symptoms or symptoms don’t get better after 2 days, Blood in your stool, Severe vomiting, Severe belly pain, Fever, Signs of dehydration: Dry, sticky mouth, Less urine output, Very dark urine, Confusion. […] Follow these steps to reduce your chances of getting or passing on Salmonella infection: Wash your hands well with soap and clean, running water. Or use an alcohol-based hand cleanser that contains at least 60% alcohol. Do this often. Always wash your hands before making meals. Contaminated foods often have no abnormal smell or look. This is why it is important to know how to prevent infection. Wash after going to the bathroom, changing diapers, helping someone who has diarrhea, or handling pets or other animals. Teach your child to do the same. Scrub for at least 20 seconds. Scrub under your fingernails and between your fingers. While you wash, sing the ABC song or the Happy Birthday song to reach the 20-second goal. Use a towel to dry your hands and open the door.

• #69 Salmonella | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/salmonella

  Salmonella infection, also called salmonellosis, is a type of gastroenteritis (or 'gastro’). It is caused by salmonella bacteria. It usually comes from contaminated food, sometimes called 'food poisoning’. […] Most people recover within about a week and do not need treatment. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics if you have severe symptoms or are at high risk of complications. Avoid medicine to prevent vomiting or diarrhoea, unless your doctor prescribes them. […] If you think you, your baby or child may be severely dehydrated, seek urgent medical attention. See your doctor right away or go to a hospital emergency room. […] You can prevent salmonella infection by handling, storing and cooking food safely. […] Good hand hygiene is important to prevent salmonella. Wash your hands: after using the toilet, after changing nappies, after touching animals, before and after preparing food, before eating.

• #70 Salmonella Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html

  Kids with a Salmonella infection typically have diarrhea (sometimes with blood in it), fever, and belly pain. In some kids, it causes a headache. In young babies and people with a weak immune system (for example, from chemotherapy), infections can be more severe and cause infection in the pee, blood (called bacteremia), bones, joints, or brain. […] Kids with a Salmonella infection should drink lots of fluids so that they don’t get dehydrated. They should also rest as needed. Don’t give anti-diarrhea medicines as some can make diarrhea worse. […] When caring for someone who has diarrhea, wash your hands well and often, especially before touching other people and before eating or preparing food. Clean toilets after the person with diarrhea uses them.

• #71 Salmonella Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html

  Kids with a Salmonella infection typically have diarrhea (sometimes with blood in it), fever, and belly pain. In some kids, it causes a headache. In young babies and people with a weak immune system (for example, from chemotherapy), infections can be more severe and cause infection in the pee, blood (called bacteremia), bones, joints, or brain. […] Kids with a Salmonella infection should drink lots of fluids so that they don’t get dehydrated. They should also rest as needed. Don’t give anti-diarrhea medicines as some can make diarrhea worse. […] When caring for someone who has diarrhea, wash your hands well and often, especially before touching other people and before eating or preparing food. Clean toilets after the person with diarrhea uses them.

• #72

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Salmonella-Infections.aspx

  Salmonella illness can sometimes be severe enough to require a hospital stay. […] Infections occur most often in infants and children younger than 4 years because their immune systems are still developing. […] When your child has a Salmonella infection that causes gastroenteritis, they may have symptoms such as: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps and tenderness, Fever. […] Contact your pediatrician if your child shows no improvement within 2 to 3 days of symptoms appearing or if they have blood in their stools or shows signs of dehydration (such as an absence of tears when crying, a decline in urination). […] If your child only has Salmonella-associated diarrhea, the treatment is supportive (fluids and rest). Antibiotics are not prescribed as they do not make your child get better faster and actually may increase the length of time your child has Salmonella in the stool.

• #73 Salmonella outbreak in a nursing home – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2332575/

  We performed a retrospective review of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis that occurred in a community nursing home in 1987. Forty-four of 199 residents had a diarrheal illness; Salmonella heidelberg was isolated from the stool in 19 cases. […] The clinical presentation of symptomatic individuals ranged from mild diarrhea to a severe gastrointestinal illness, and 26% of symptomatic, culture-positive patients required hospitalization. […] We conclude that (1) the clinical spectrum of Salmonella gastroenteritis in nursing-home patients is variable, ranging from mild to severe illness; and (2) nursing-home Salmonella outbreaks impose a high economic burden because of expense of epidemiologic investigation, prolonged isolation measures, hospitalization for severely ill residents, and potential institutional closure.

• #74 Salmonella outbreak in a nursing home – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2332575/

  We performed a retrospective review of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis that occurred in a community nursing home in 1987. Forty-four of 199 residents had a diarrheal illness; Salmonella heidelberg was isolated from the stool in 19 cases. […] The clinical presentation of symptomatic individuals ranged from mild diarrhea to a severe gastrointestinal illness, and 26% of symptomatic, culture-positive patients required hospitalization. […] We conclude that (1) the clinical spectrum of Salmonella gastroenteritis in nursing-home patients is variable, ranging from mild to severe illness; and (2) nursing-home Salmonella outbreaks impose a high economic burden because of expense of epidemiologic investigation, prolonged isolation measures, hospitalization for severely ill residents, and potential institutional closure.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00572093

  Data concerning 40 patients hospitalized in a cancer center and Salmonella infection were analyzed. Hematological malignancy was present in 24 patients (60%) and solid tumor in 14 patients (35%). Among the predisposing factors, antineoplastic chemotherapy was the most frequent (60%) followed by antacid use (47.5%), corticosteroids (37.5%), granulocytopenia below 500 neutrophils/l (15%), surgery (10%) and splenectomy (2.5%). Bacteremia was the most frequent clinical syndrome accounting for 42.5% of the patients. Focal infection, enteritis and carrier state accounted for the remaining 30%, 20% and 7.5% respectively. Salmonella typhimurium and S. dublin represented 65% of the isolates, with clear association between serotype dublin and bacteremia. All S. dublin isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Among dublin and typhimurium serotypes, 20% the isolates were resistant to the traditional antibiotics used in salmonellosis (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole). All strains were susceptible in vitro to cephalosporins. The frequency of relapse was 15% and the overall mortality (within 30 days) attributed to Salmonella infection was 15%.

• #76

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00572093

  Data concerning 40 patients hospitalized in a cancer center and Salmonella infection were analyzed. Hematological malignancy was present in 24 patients (60%) and solid tumor in 14 patients (35%). Among the predisposing factors, antineoplastic chemotherapy was the most frequent (60%) followed by antacid use (47.5%), corticosteroids (37.5%), granulocytopenia below 500 neutrophils/l (15%), surgery (10%) and splenectomy (2.5%). Bacteremia was the most frequent clinical syndrome accounting for 42.5% of the patients. Focal infection, enteritis and carrier state accounted for the remaining 30%, 20% and 7.5% respectively. Salmonella typhimurium and S. dublin represented 65% of the isolates, with clear association between serotype dublin and bacteremia. All S. dublin isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Among dublin and typhimurium serotypes, 20% the isolates were resistant to the traditional antibiotics used in salmonellosis (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole). All strains were susceptible in vitro to cephalosporins. The frequency of relapse was 15% and the overall mortality (within 30 days) attributed to Salmonella infection was 15%.

• #77 Department of Public Health – Acute Communicable Disease Control

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/Diseases/Salmonellosis.htm

  Salmonellosis is caused by a Gram-negative bacillus, Salmonella enterica, of which there are more than 2,500 serotypes. This disease is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, from animal or human, with or without intermediary contamination of foodstuffs. The most common symptoms include diarrhea, fever, headache, abdominal pain, nausea and sometimes vomiting. Occasionally, the clinical course is that of enteric fever or septicemia. Asymptomatic infections may occur. The incubation period is usually 12-36 hours for gastroenteritis, longer and variable for other manifestations. Communicability lasts as long as organisms are excreted, usually from 2-5 weeks, but may last for months to years. Healthy people are susceptible, but persons especially at risk are those who are on antacid therapy, have recently taken or are taking broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy or immunosuppressive therapy, or those who have had gastrointestinal surgery, neoplastic disease, or other debilitating conditions. Severity of the disease is related to the serotype, the number of organisms ingested, and host factors. Immunocompromised persons, such as those with cancer or HIV infection, are at risk for recurrent Salmonella septicemia. Occasionally the organism may localize anywhere in the body, causing abscesses, osteomyelitis, arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, or pyelonephritis.

• #78 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228174-treatment

  Salmonella gastroenteritis is usually a self-limiting disease. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be indicated in severe cases. Because antibiotics do not appear to shorten the duration of symptoms and may actually prolong the duration of convalescent carriage, they are not routinely used to treat uncomplicated nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Current recommendations are that antibiotics should be reserved for patients with severe disease or patients who are at a high risk for invasive disease. […] Treatment of salmonella infection in pregnancy is controversial, and antibiotic therapy should be reserved for cases of invasive disease, using amoxicillin or cephalosporin. […] Antimicrobial therapy for endovascular infections should be continued for a minimum of 6 weeks after successful surgery.

• #79 Salmonella: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942

  Most people with Salmonella infections have mild symptoms and recover without treatment. However, some require care in a hospital setting. […] Symptoms of Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis usually disappear without treatment after 47 days. Treatments may include: fluids to prevent dehydration, antimotility drugs to reduce cramping and stop diarrhea, antibiotics for severe symptoms or if bacteria have entered the bloodstream or are likely to do so. […] If a woman develops a Salmonella infection during pregnancy, there can be additional risks. Dehydration and a lack of nutrients that result from the infection can harm the mother and baby. In around 4% of Salmonella infections during pregnancy, the bacteria spread to the blood. This can lead to intrauterine sepsis, a potentially life threatening condition. […] Older people, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems should not hesitate to seek medical advice.

• #80 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228174-treatment

  Salmonella gastroenteritis is usually a self-limiting disease. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be indicated in severe cases. Because antibiotics do not appear to shorten the duration of symptoms and may actually prolong the duration of convalescent carriage, they are not routinely used to treat uncomplicated nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Current recommendations are that antibiotics should be reserved for patients with severe disease or patients who are at a high risk for invasive disease. […] Treatment of salmonella infection in pregnancy is controversial, and antibiotic therapy should be reserved for cases of invasive disease, using amoxicillin or cephalosporin. […] Antimicrobial therapy for endovascular infections should be continued for a minimum of 6 weeks after successful surgery.

• #81 Salmonella: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942

  Most people with Salmonella infections have mild symptoms and recover without treatment. However, some require care in a hospital setting. […] Symptoms of Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis usually disappear without treatment after 47 days. Treatments may include: fluids to prevent dehydration, antimotility drugs to reduce cramping and stop diarrhea, antibiotics for severe symptoms or if bacteria have entered the bloodstream or are likely to do so. […] If a woman develops a Salmonella infection during pregnancy, there can be additional risks. Dehydration and a lack of nutrients that result from the infection can harm the mother and baby. In around 4% of Salmonella infections during pregnancy, the bacteria spread to the blood. This can lead to intrauterine sepsis, a potentially life threatening condition. […] Older people, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems should not hesitate to seek medical advice.

• #82 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Control pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, if necessary. […] Expected Outcomes […] Decrease in episodes of diarrhea […] Manage pain effectively […] Maintain normal body weight […] Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance […] Resolve infection […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Review diagnosis and treatment. […] Discuss medications and potential side effects. […] Call if any complications or adverse effects arise. […] Follow up with the private healthcare provider.

• #83 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client verbalized understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client was normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor. […] Client has an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Documentation in a patient with salmonellosis include: […] Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. […] Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. […] Plan of care. […] Teaching plan. […] Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. […] Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #84 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client verbalized understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client was normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor. […] Client has an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Documentation in a patient with salmonellosis include: […] Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. […] Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. […] Plan of care. […] Teaching plan. […] Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. […] Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #85 Salmonella: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/salmonella/?srsltid=AfmBOor-MC0q_BekiURBh7H3k-tTm-db_wj3XSRjjml6a8bG81gbh5Nf

  Control pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, if necessary. […] Expected Outcomes […] Decrease in episodes of diarrhea […] Manage pain effectively […] Maintain normal body weight […] Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance […] Resolve infection […] Individual/Caregiver Education […] Review diagnosis and treatment. […] Discuss medications and potential side effects. […] Call if any complications or adverse effects arise. […] Follow up with the private healthcare provider.

• #86 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client verbalized understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client was normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor. […] Client has an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Documentation in a patient with salmonellosis include: […] Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. […] Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. […] Plan of care. […] Teaching plan. […] Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. […] Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #87 Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) Nursing Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/salmonella-infection-salmonellosis/

  Client verbalized understanding of causes of salmonellosis, mode of transmission, and management of symptoms. […] Client was normovolemic as evidenced by systolic BP 90 mm Hg or greater, absence of orthostasis, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour, and normal skin turgor. […] Client has an increased nutritional intake and absence of nausea and vomiting. […] Documentation in a patient with salmonellosis include: […] Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. […] Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. […] Plan of care. […] Teaching plan. […] Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. […] Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #88 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/SalmonellosisHealthProfessionals.aspx

  Ensuring adequate hydration is important in the management of salmonellosis; antibiotics are usually not necessary. Patients should be educated regarding prevention of further spread by effective hand washing, particularly after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food. The importance of proper hygiene must be stressed, as excretion of the organism may persist for several weeks. Patients should be asked to think about everything they ate and did during the seven days prior to illness onset. This information may help public health investigators solve outbreaks. […] Healthcare providers are required to report cases of salmonellosis to the local health department (LHD) within one working day of identification. In addition, LHDs may need to restrict the activities of persons with salmonellosis from certain work or activities (such as food handling, health care, or day care) until they have been examined and cleared by their LHD.

• #89 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/SalmonellosisHealthProfessionals.aspx

  Ensuring adequate hydration is important in the management of salmonellosis; antibiotics are usually not necessary. Patients should be educated regarding prevention of further spread by effective hand washing, particularly after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food. The importance of proper hygiene must be stressed, as excretion of the organism may persist for several weeks. Patients should be asked to think about everything they ate and did during the seven days prior to illness onset. This information may help public health investigators solve outbreaks. […] Healthcare providers are required to report cases of salmonellosis to the local health department (LHD) within one working day of identification. In addition, LHDs may need to restrict the activities of persons with salmonellosis from certain work or activities (such as food handling, health care, or day care) until they have been examined and cleared by their LHD.

• #90 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/SalmonellosisHealthProfessionals.aspx

  Antibiotics are not recommended for treating immunocompetent patients with uncomplicated Salmonella infection, as antimicrobial treatment may be associated with prolonged Salmonella shedding and with antibiotic resistant organisms. […] Confirmation of Salmonella through culture is ideal because it enables public health scientists to determine the serotype, identify antibiotic resistance characteristics, and perform whole genome sequencing for outbreak detection.

• #91 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #92 Controlling Spread of Salmonellosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/salmonellosis-1

  Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation and direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] Children or staff with Salmonella infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] In long-term care facilities, residents with salmonellosis should be placed on Standard and Contact Precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g. feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Exclude persons with salmonellosis from food preparation, direct child and patient care until diarrhea is resolved. […] In addition, staff members with Salmonella infection who are not food handlers should not work until their diarrhea is gone. […] In residential facilities for the developmentally disabled, staff and clients with salmonellosis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #93 Salmonella infection – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/salmonella+infection/salmonella+infection+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Salmonella infection is one of many possible causes of gastroenteritis (also known as gastro). […] Salmonella infection is a notifiable condition. […] Recovery from Salmonella infection usually occurs within a week and antibiotic treatment is not normally required. However, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics for young infants, the elderly and in some other situations. […] Seek medical advice if any of the following symptoms occur: Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, feeling faint on standing, fever, severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea. […] Exclude people with Salmonella infection from childcare, preschool, school and work until there has been no diarrhoea for at least 24 hours. If working as a food handler in a food business, the exclusion period should be until there has been no diarrhoea or vomiting for 48 hours.

• #94 Salmonella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555892/

  Salmonellae are motile gram-negative bacilli that infect or colonize humans, causing a number of clinical infections with different clinical features like gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, and a chronic carrier state. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Salmonella infection and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. […] Review the management considerations for patients with Salmonella. […] Explain the importance of collaboration and communication among the interdisciplinary team to enhance the delivery of care and prevention for patients affected by Salmonella. […] In most cases, treatment focus should be on the correction of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Supportive care is necessary for acute diarrhea and dehydration symptoms.

• #95 Salmonella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555892/

  Uncomplicated NTS localized to gastroenteritis without sepsis symptoms is not treated with antibiotics except patients less than 3 months of age and patients with immunocompromised states. […] For enteric fever, the antibiotic treatment of choice is a fluoroquinolone. […] Treatment duration is typically 10 to 14 days. […] In cases of severe enteric fever with symptoms of delirium, obtundation, stupor, or shock, additional treatment with corticosteroids may be considered. […] Chronic carriers of the bacteria require four weeks of fluoroquinolone therapy for resolution of carrier status. […] Patients with NTS gastroenteritis may present with dehydration if not properly treated. […] Patients with immunocompromised conditions can present with the systemic infection involving multiple organs leading to sepsis, shock, and death.

• #96 Salmonella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555892/

  Salmonellae are motile gram-negative bacilli that infect or colonize humans, causing a number of clinical infections with different clinical features like gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, and a chronic carrier state. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of Salmonella infection and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. […] Review the management considerations for patients with Salmonella. […] Explain the importance of collaboration and communication among the interdisciplinary team to enhance the delivery of care and prevention for patients affected by Salmonella. […] In most cases, treatment focus should be on the correction of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Supportive care is necessary for acute diarrhea and dehydration symptoms.

• #97 Salmonella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555892/

  Prevention of Salmonella infection is focused on several categories, including sanitation, child care with pets, and vaccination. […] Diagnosis is usually confirmed by culture, followed by treatment with supportive care and/or antibiotics. […] The nurse and physician take care of and manage the patient while hospitalized.

• #98 Salmonella – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555892/

  Prevention of Salmonella infection is focused on several categories, including sanitation, child care with pets, and vaccination. […] Diagnosis is usually confirmed by culture, followed by treatment with supportive care and/or antibiotics. […] The nurse and physician take care of and manage the patient while hospitalized.

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