Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16167-glomerulonephritis-gn

  Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease. It involves damage to the glomeruli (tiny filters) inside your kidneys. If you have glomerulonephritis, your kidneys can have trouble removing waste and fluid from your body. Many mild cases resolve with treatment. If the condition becomes severe, it can lead to kidney failure. […] Treatment depends on what’s causing the condition and if you have kidney damage. The goal of treatment is to reduce any further damage. […] Sometimes, treating the underlying cause, like taking medication to manage high blood pressure, is all that’s necessary. If the cause is due to infection, antibiotics can treat the infection. […] If you have glomerulonephritis, get your kidneys checked on a regular basis. Follow medical advice and take medication as prescribed by your provider to manage the cause. You also may have to limit the amount of salt and protein you eat. These ingredients put stress on your kidneys.

• #2 Glomerulonephritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560644/

  The term „glomerulonephritis” encompasses a subset of renal diseases characterized by immune-mediated damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium, leading to hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of glomerulonephritis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. […] Describe interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to improve outcomes for patients affected by glomerulonephritis. […] Glomerulonephritis is associated with a systemic disease; it is mostly resolved by managing the underlying cause. Primary glomerulonephritis is managed supportively and by specific disease-modifying therapy. The outcome mainly depends on the timely intervention, which, if not done, may lead to a progressive sequence of events causing glomerulonephritis to develop into chronic kidney disease (increasing the risk for simultaneous development of cardiovascular disease), the sequence finally culminates into end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

• #3 Glomerulonephritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glomerulonephritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355705

  Glomerulonephritis (gloe-MER-u-loe-nuh-FRY-tis) is inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). The excess fluid and waste that glomeruli (gloe-MER-u-lie) remove from the bloodstream exit the body as urine. Glomerulonephritis can come on suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). […] Treatment depends on the type of glomerulonephritis you have. […] Make an appointment with your health care provider promptly if you have signs or symptoms of glomerulonephritis. […] Seek prompt treatment of a strep infection with a sore throat or impetigo. […] Control high blood pressure, which lessens the likelihood of damage to your kidneys from hypertension. […] Control your blood sugar to help prevent diabetic nephropathy.

• #4 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Planning and Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/

  Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a significant renal disorder that demands vigilant nursing care and prompt intervention. This condition, characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, can lead to impaired kidney function and potential complications. […] The nurses role in the care of a child with AGN is crucial. […] Assessment of a child with AGN includes: Physical examination. Obtain complete physical assessment. Assess weight. Monitor daily weight to have a measurable account on the fluid elimination. Monitor intake and output. Monitor fluid intake and output every 4 hours to know progressing condition via glomerular filtration. Assess vital signs. Monitor BP and PR every hour to know progression of hypertension and basis for further nursing intervention or referral. Assess breath sounds. Assess for adventitious breath sounds to know for possible progression in the lungs.

• #5 Glomerulonephritis: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/glomerulonephritis/?srsltid=AfmBOorWRo2JKuSQm0xZ3QO3-aT_P8agNmTiiYcA5sGb4GNt3UBJXmhw

  Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Plan […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnoses, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for glomerulonephritis are listed below. […] Assessment […] Assess signs and symptoms, such as: […] Vital signs […] Changes in urine output […] Protein in urine […] Hypertension […] Ability to perform activities of daily living […] Change in weight […] Fall risk […] Fluid intake […] Sodium intake […] Facial edema […] Extremity edema […] Increase in serum creatinine or BUN […] Weakness […] Dizziness or lightheaded […] Pallor […] Lethargy […] Irritability […] Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, as evidenced by (Phelps, 2021a):

• #6 Acute Glomerulonephritis Poststreptococcal NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/acute-glomerulonephritis-poststreptococcal-nclex-review/

  As a nursing student, you must be familiar with acute glomerulonephritis and how to care for patients who are experiencing this condition. […] Nursing Interventions for Acute Glomerulonephritis: Monitor fluid status VERY closely: patient may be prescribed diuretics (if renal function is normal). […] Daily weights (weight gain is the earliest sign of fluid retention): use same standing scale every day. […] Strict calculation of intake and output (at risk for low urinary output if renal failure presents). […] Since the disorder mainly affects the pediatric population remember these patients should void 1mL/kg/hr. […] If Oliguric (low urinary output) watch for hyperkalemia WHY? When the GFR is decreased, potassium is not excreted properly which leads to hyperkalemia. […] Assess swelling status in face/around the eyes and extremities (mainly in the face/around the eyes and it is worst in the mornings).

• #7 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Planning and Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: Ineffective breathing pattern related to the inflammatory process. Altered urinary elimination related to decreased bladder capacity or irritation secondary to infection. Excess fluid volume related to a decrease in regulatory mechanisms (renal failure) with the potential of water. Risk for infection related to a decrease in the immunological defense. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to anorexia, nausea, vomiting. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to edema and pruritus. Hyperthermia related to the ineffectiveness of thermoregulation secondary to infection. […] Nursing care planning goals for a child with acute glomerulonephritis are: Excretion of excessive fluid through urination. Demonstration of behaviors that would help in excreting excessive fluids in the body. Improvement of distended abdominal girth. Improvement of respiratory rate. Participation and demonstration of various ways to achieve effective tissue perfusion.

• #8 5 Nursing Diagnosis For Glomerulonephritis | PDF | Medical Specialties | Epidemiology

  https://www.scribd.com/document/361499785/5-Nursing-Diagnosis-for-Glomerulonephritis

  Glomerulonephritis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the renal glomerulus, which causes protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells to appear in the urine. It can affect both children and adults. Common symptoms include proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension, fatigue, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. […] There are 5 main nursing diagnoses for patients with glomerulonephritis: 1) ineffective breathing patterns related to inflammation, 2) altered urinary elimination related to decreased bladder capacity or irritation from infection, 3) excess fluid volume related to decreased regulatory mechanisms in the kidneys, 4) risk for infection due to decreased immune function, and 5) imbalanced nutrition related to loss of.

• #9 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/glomerulonephritis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a kidney condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying symptoms, preventing complications, and managing the condition effectively through appropriate nursing interventions. […] Acute Glomerulonephritis presents with distinctive signs and symptoms that nurses must recognize for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of AGN: The patient will maintain normal blood pressure, The patient will demonstrate improved kidney function, The patient will maintain a fluid-electrolyte balance, Edema will decrease, The patient will avoid complications, The patient will understand dietary restrictions, The patient will comply with prescribed medications.

• #10 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/glomerulonephritis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Vital Signs: Check blood pressure frequently, Monitor heart rate and rhythm, Assess respiratory status, Document temperature changes. […] Assess Fluid Status: Monitor intake and output, Measure daily weights, Check for edema, Assess skin turgor, Evaluate mucous membranes. […] Monitor Kidney Function: Track urine output, Note urine characteristics, Monitor lab values, Assess for complications. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Excess Fluid Volume related to decreased glomerular filtration rate as evidenced by peripheral edema, elevated blood pressure, and decreased urine output. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor daily weights and trend changes Rationale: Rapid weight gain indicates fluid retention, Assess edema and document characteristics Rationale: Indicates the severity of fluid overload, Maintain fluid restrictions as ordered Rationale: Prevents further fluid overload, Monitor vital signs, especially blood pressure Rationale: Indicates cardiovascular status and fluid volume status.

• #11 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/glomerulonephritis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will demonstrate decreased edema, The patient will maintain a stable weight, The patient will comply with fluid restrictions, Blood pressure will stabilize within the normal range. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Decreased Cardiac Output related to increased afterload secondary to fluid volume excess as evidenced by hypertension and tachycardia. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor cardiovascular status Rationale: Early detection of complications, Administer prescribed medications Rationale: Manages hypertension and supports cardiac function, Position patient to optimize cardiac function Rationale: Reduces cardiac workload. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain stable cardiac output, Blood pressure will normalize, The patient will report decreased dyspnea, Heart rate will remain within normal limits.

• #12 4 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will have a normal fluid balance as evidenced by the absence of edema, vital signs within the clients normal limit, and balanced fluid intake and output. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may include: Managing Excess Fluid Volume and Swelling, Enhancing Tolerance to Activity, Promoting Safety and Minimizing Injury, Reinforcing Infection Control. […] Managing excess fluid volume and swelling in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) requires a comprehensive approach to effectively address the underlying condition and alleviate the associated symptoms. […] Patients with acute glomerulonephritis may experience reduced activity tolerance due to anemia and bed rest. […] Minimizing injury in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) involves a multidimensional approach aimed at reducing the risk of complications and promoting overall well-being. […] Promoting infection control in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is of utmost importance to prevent complications.

• #13 Glomerulonephritis: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/glomerulonephritis/?srsltid=AfmBOorWRo2JKuSQm0xZ3QO3-aT_P8agNmTiiYcA5sGb4GNt3UBJXmhw

  Proteinuria […] Electrolyte imbalance […] Excess fluid volume, as evidence by (Phelps, 2021b): […] Decreased renal regulation of fluid removal from the body […] The inability of the kidney to properly regulate sodium removal from the body […] Risk for electrolyte imbalance as evidenced by (Phelps, 2021c): […] Edema […] Renal dysfunction […] Interventions […] Offer small frequent meals with supplements as ordered […] Restrict fluids as ordered […] Limit dietary sodium […] Monitor vital signs […] Monitor daily weights […] Monitor blood sugar as ordered […] Monitor intake and output […] Administer medications as ordered […] Monitor serum chemistries as ordered […] Encourage activity as tolerated […] Encourage independence through activities of daily living

• #14 Acute Glomerulonephritis: Nursing Interventions & Care Plan

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/renal-disorders-1428/acute-glomerulonephritis-interventions_1936

  Acute glomerulonephritis develops suddenly and is often the result of an infection. Prevention of acute glomerulonephritis includes early diagnosis and treatment of sore throats and skin lesions. Interventions for acute glomerulonephritis may include promoting rest, restricting salt and fluid intake, and restricting protein depending on the severity of the disease process. Drug therapy includes the administration of antihypertensives, diuretics, or antibiotics. In most cases, recovery from acute glomerulonephritis is complete, however, progressive involvement can lead to chronic conditions or the development of end stage kidney disease. […] Promoting rest and limiting activities is encouraged until the signs of glomerular inflammation and hypertension are relieved. […] Restriction of salt and fluid intake can help in treating the symptom of edema. Be sure to monitor IOs and perform daily weights for the most accurate detection of fluid status.

• #15 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Planning and Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/

  Nursing care of a child with AGN includes the following interventions: Activity. Bed rest should be maintained until acute symptoms and gross hematuria disappear. Prevent infection. The child must be protected from chilling and contact with people with infections. Monitor intake and output. Fluid intake and urinary output should be carefully monitored and recorded; special attention is needed to keep the intake within prescribed limits. Monitor BP. Blood pressure should be monitored regularly using the same arm and a properly fitting cuff. Monitor urine characteristics. The urine must be tested regularly for protein and hematuria using dipstick tests. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: Excretion of excessive fluid through urination. Demonstration of behaviors that would help in excreting excessive fluids in the body. Improvement of distended abdominal girth. Improvement of respiratory rate. Participation and demonstration of various ways to achieve effective tissue perfusion.

• #16 Acute Glomerulonephritis Poststreptococcal NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/acute-glomerulonephritis-poststreptococcal-nclex-review/

  Monitor lung sounds for crackles signs of pulmonary edema. […] Monitor BUN and Creatinine levels .renal failure. […] Monitor vital signs ESPECIALLY blood pressure (may experience hypertension it can become severely elevated and this can lead to hypertensive encephalopathy). […] Bedrest until recovered: due to hypertension. […] Sodium restriction along with fluid restriction diet (helps with edema and hypertension) and if oliguria is present restrict potassium-rich foods until recovered. […] Administering diuretics and antihypertensives or antibiotics to treat presenting strep infection (if needed not always ordered) per MD order. […] Education: importance of seeking treatment for infections of the skin or throat strep infection can reoccur.

• #17 Glomerulonephritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560644/

  For individuals with severe/refractory hypertension with/without encephalopathy, vasodilators (e.g., nitroprusside and nifedipine) can be used. […] Clinicians can manage the complications associated with progressive chronic disease, including anemia, bone mineral disorders, acidosis, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs/cramps. […] Patients with nephrotic syndrome, especially those with progression into chronic kidney disease (CKD), are vulnerable to infections, so a seasonal flu vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines help them. […] In most instances, the disease follows a progressive course, and the patients often have associated co-morbidities, so the involvement of multiple disciplines and interprofessional communication among healthcare team members is of prime importance.

• #18 Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240337-treatment

  Symptomatic therapy is recommended for patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), and it should be based on the clinical severity of the illness. The major goal is to control edema and blood pressure. Those sequelae are most likely to arise in the first 7 to 10 days of APSGN. […] During the acute phase of the disease, restrict salt and water. If significant edema or hypertension develops, administer diuretics. Loop diuretics increase urinary output and consequently improve cardiovascular congestion and hypertension. […] Most patients do not require any medications after the acute phase, but antihypertensives may be needed in the chronic phase if the blood pressure remains high. For hypertension not controlled by diuretics, the usual second-line choices are calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), although ACEIs and ARBs carry the risk of hyperkalemia and temporarily impairing recovery of kidney function.

• #19 Clinical Guidelines for Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis | Group A Strep | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/hcp/clinical-guidance/post-streptococcal-glomerulonephritis.html

  Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) can occur after streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infections. […] PSGN often requires hospitalization, but subclinical cases can occur. […] Treatment focuses on symptom management and giving antibiotics. […] The clinical features of acute glomerulonephritis include: Edema, Hypertension, Proteinuria, Macroscopic hematuria, with urine appearing dark, reddish-brown, Complaints of lethargy, generalized weakness, or anorexia. […] Treatment of PSGN focuses on managing hypertension and edema. […] Patients should receive penicillin (preferably penicillin G benzathine) to eradicate any remaining group A strep. […] It’s important to prevent the primary group A streptococcal skin or pharyngeal infection. Treating patients with PSGN with antibiotics can stop group A strep from circulating in a household. Thus, treating patients with PSGN can prevent additional infections among close contacts.

• #20 Acute Glomerulonephritis: Nursing Interventions & Care Plan

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/renal-disorders-1428/acute-glomerulonephritis-interventions_1936

  The restriction of dietary protein may be initiated depending on the degree of proteinuria and the increase in nitrogenous wastes shown by the BUN level. […] Antihypertensive drugs may be administered in cases of severe hypertension. […] Administration of diuretics aid in treating symptoms of edema and hypertension. […] In the event that a streptococcal infection is still present, antibiotics may be given.

• #21 Glomerulonephritis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/glomerulonephritis

  People with glomerulonephritis may need to follow a healthy diet that is low in salt and cholesterol. Reducing sodium (salt) in your diet can help lower blood pressure and control swelling (edema). Lowering cholesterol in your diet can help reduce the risk for heart disease. You might also need to lower your fluid and water intake. It is important to work with a registered dietitian to discuss any changes needed in your diet.

• #22 Acute Glomerulonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/acute-glomerulonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  Depending on the disease process, treating the underlying cause is often associated with systemic disease. Emphasis should be placed on supportive treatments and lifestyle modifications. […] Some of the following medications are used to treat AGN: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors to control blood pressure. The goal is to have a systolic blood pressure parameter of less than 120 mmHg. […] Educate the patient on the importance of following up on blood pressure evaluations, lab work, and urinary protein. […] Counsel the patient on dietary modifications and exercise: reduce intake of sodium to less than 2 grams/day and limit protein intake until the patient recovers. […] AGN can lead to chronic glomerulonephritis or morbidity unless early diagnosis and treatment are initiated. AGN that is commonly caused by PSGN has decreased in the United States and globally with good prognosis when resources are available to treat the underlying cause.

• #23 Nursing Care Plan for Glomerulonephritis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glomerulonephritis/

  Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney disorders characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters within the kidneys responsible for removing waste products from the blood. As a nurse, your role is vital in managing and supporting patients with glomerulonephritis. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and support patients with glomerulonephritis. […] Your role is vital in managing and supporting patients with glomerulonephritis. […] This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and support patients with glomerulonephritis. […] Educate the patient and caregivers about the importance of adhering to fluid and dietary restrictions, and monitoring for signs of fluid overload.

• #24 Nursing Care Plan for Glomerulonephritis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glomerulonephritis/

  Educate the patient about the importance of adhering to fluid and sodium restrictions to maintain fluid balance. […] Educate the patient about the importance of regular follow-up visits and adherence to prescribed medications to manage glomerulonephritis. […] Provide education on glomerulonephritis, emphasizing the importance of medication adherence, dietary modifications, and regular follow-up visits. […] Teach the patient about self-care measures, such as monitoring blood pressure, adhering to a low-sodium and low-protein diet, and recognizing signs of exacerbation or infection. […] Regularly document the patients fluid balance, urinary output, skin assessments, educational interventions, and the patients response to treatment. […] Collaborate with the interdisciplinary healthcare team to review and update the care plan based on the patients condition and evolving needs.

• #25

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf9233

  Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] A dietitian can help you make an eating plan with the right amounts of salt (sodium), potassium, and protein. You may also need to limit how much fluid you drink each day. […] Do not take anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve). They can make kidney problems worse. It is okay to take acetaminophen (Tylenol). […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #26

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug5368

  Have your child take medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think your child is having a problem with a medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. A dietitian can help you make an eating plan with the right amounts of salt (sodium), potassium, and protein. Your child may also need to limit how much fluid they drink each day. […] Do not give your child anti-inflammatory medicines such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). These can make kidney problems worse. It is okay to use acetaminophen (Tylenol). […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your child does not get better as expected.

• #27 Glomerulonephritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560644/

  The management of glomerulonephritis broadly follows two modalities. […] Specific management revolves around immunosuppression, which in turn is governed by factors like: Histological diagnosis, Disease severity, Disease progression, Comorbidities. […] The available options include: High-dose corticosteroids, Rituximab (a monoclonal antibody that causes the lysis of B-lymphocytes), Cytotoxic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, along with glucocorticoids are of value in severe cases of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis), Plasma exchange (glomerular proliferative nephritis, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis used temporarily till chemotherapy takes effect). […] With progression into chronicity, general management is done on the lines of chronic kidney disease: Keeping track of the renal function tests (RFTs), serum albumin, and urine protein excretion rate.

• #28 Get Glomerulonephritis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/glomerulonephritis-treatment

  If an autoimmune disease or vasculitis is causing your glomerulonephritis, we may recommend IV immune-suppressing medication. […] Following treatment, youll have several follow-up appointments. Your provider may recommend maintenance therapy to prevent a flare-up of glomerulonephritis. We continue to watch your kidney function through urine and blood samples every few months. These regular visits help us detect any changes early on and adjust your treatment when needed. […] Learning that you have glomerulonephritis can bring with it a lot of questions. At Cleveland Clinic, were here to guide you through every step of the way. Together, well make a plan that works for you and helps you enjoy your daily life.

• #29

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glomerulonephritis/treatment/

  Treatment for glomerulonephritis depends on what’s causing it and your symptoms. […] If you have severe glomerulonephritis, youll usually be referred to a kidney specialist (nephrologist) for treatment. […] In mild cases, a GP or dietitian will give you relevant advice about diet. […] You should have regular reviews to check your blood pressure, the levels of salt and potassium in your pee and how well your kidneys are working. […] Smoking may make kidney disease caused by glomerulonephritis worse. […] If glomerulonephritis is caused by problems with your immune system, medicines called immunosuppressants may be recommended. […] If you’re offered treatment with immunosuppressant medicines, they’ll be adjusted to the level needed to treat your condition and will be carefully monitored.

• #30

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glomerulonephritis/treatment/

  You may be put on a course of medicines containing steroids such as prednisolone. […] Once your kidneys have started to recover, your dose of steroids will usually be lowered. […] Glomerulonephritis often leads to high blood pressure, which can cause further kidney damage and other health problems. […] Your blood pressure will be carefully monitored by the healthcare professionals treating you. […] You may need to take medicines that lower blood pressure and help reduce the amount of protein that leaks into your urine. […] High cholesterol levels are common in people with glomerulonephritis. […] Plasma exchange may be used in certain circumstances if your condition is severe. […] If you have severe glomerulonephritis that cannot be improved with other treatments, you may require kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant. […] As glomerulonephritis can make you more vulnerable to infections, it’s a good idea to protect yourself by having a seasonal flu vaccine and a pneumonia vaccine.

• #31 Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240337-treatment

  In the acute phase, admit for observation and treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. […] Other features of therapy are as follows: Indications for dialysis include life-threatening hyperkalemia and clinical manifestations of uremia. […] Restricting physical activity is appropriate in the first few days of the illness but is unnecessary once the patient feels well. […] A kidney biopsy is indicated for patients with rapidly progressive renal failure. If the biopsy findings show evidence of crescentic glomerulonephritis with more than 30% of the glomeruli involved, a short course of intravenous pulse steroid therapy is recommended (500 mg to 1 g/1.73 m2 of methylprednisone qd for 3-5 d). However, no controlled clinical trials have evaluated such therapy. Long-term treatment with steroids or immunosuppressives is not recommended.

• #32 Acute Glomerulonephritis – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/

  Goals are met as evidenced by: Excretion of excessive fluid through urination. Demonstration of behaviors that would help in excreting excessive fluids in the body. Improvement of distended abdominal girth. Improvement of respiratory rate. Participation and demonstration of various ways to achieve effective tissue perfusion.

• #33 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/glomerulonephritis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will verbalize understanding of the condition, The patient will demonstrate medication compliance, The patient will follow dietary restrictions, The patient will recognize warning signs. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Activity Intolerance related to fatigue and fluid volume overload as evidenced by excessive fatigue and dyspnea with activity. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess activity tolerance Rationale: Determines appropriate activity level, Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Prevents exhaustion, Assist with mobility as needed Rationale: Ensures safety and prevents falls. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will demonstrate improved activity tolerance, The patient will maintain energy conservation, The patient will participate in a progressive activity, The patient will avoid complications.

• #34 Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240337-treatment

  Admit for monitoring and to initiate dialysis (when indicated) if kidney function progressively worsens. […] Specific therapy for streptococcal infection is an important part of the therapeutic regimen. […] Patients with skin infections must practice good personal hygiene. This is essential. […] Dietary measures are as follows: Low-salt diet – Two grams of sodium per day. […] Fluid restriction – One liter per day. […] Patients who have had acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis should be monitored according to the following schedule: Monitor blood pressure every month for 6 months and then every 6 months thereafter. […] Monitor BUN and serum creatinine levels every 3 months after the acute phase for 1 year and then yearly after that. […] Check serum complement levels at 6-8 weeks to make sure they have returned to normal. […] Check urine for hematuria and proteinuria every 3-6 months.

• #35 Acute Glomerulonephritis Nursing Care Planning and Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/

  Documentation in a child with AGN must include: Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward desired outcome.

• #36

  http://www.bcrenal.ca/health-info/kidney-care/glomerulonephritis

  Glomerulonephritis (GN) refers to a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the parts of the kidney that filter blood (called glomeruli). […] Since each type of GN is quite rare, we are still learning more about what causes these diseases. Often it is related to the body’s immune system becoming overactive, which in turn creates inflammation and damages the kidneys. BC Renal is the primary organization that funds, coordinates and implements health care for kidney patients, including people living with GN, across British Columbia. […] Treating GN can help preserve kidney function and improve overall health. […] Once a person is diagnosed with GN, they will receive care from a doctor who specializes in kidney disease (nephrologist), as well as other members of a care team (e.g., nurses, social workers).

• #37 Recovery & Support for Glomerulonephritis in Children | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/glomerulonephritis-in-children/support

  Children who develop acute glomerulonephritis after a bacterial infection often recover completely. But others especially those with chronic glomerulonephritis caused by an autoimmune condition may need ongoing treatment and support. […] Specialists at Hassenfeld Childrens Hospital at NYU Langone develop an individualized follow-up plan for your child, depending on the treatments he or she is receiving and the severity of the condition. […] Our doctors also help children and their families cope with ongoing treatment for kidney problems. […] Immunosuppressive medications, which are often used to treat children with glomerulonephritis caused by autoimmune conditions, can increase your child’s risk of viral and bacterial infections. […] Our social workers can help families determine which treatments are covered by insurance. They can also offer advice about other options to help ensure that your child receives the treatment he or she needs to restore kidney function and prevent complications.

• #38

  http://www.bcrenal.ca/health-info/kidney-care/glomerulonephritis

  As GN is caused by the immune system and related inflammation, medication is often required to reduce immune activity. It is important that people living with GN maintain overall health, especially when it comes to managing blood pressure, swelling, and cholesterol. Your kidney care team can help develop an individualized treatment plan for you. […] For individuals and their loved ones in BC who are living with GN, the sections on this page provide links to additional information and resources on GN and how it is managed.

• #39 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Glomerulonephritis refers to a range of conditions involving inflammation and injury to the kidneys’ glomeruli, often leading to significant morbidity if left untreated. […] This review aims to examine emerging advancements in the prevention and treatment of glomerulonephritis and highlight progress in transforming the prognosis of this spectrum of diseases, while also identifying gaps requiring ongoing effort. […] Effective prevention and management is crucial, through addressing underlying causes, minimizing risks, and adopting healthy lifestyles. […] Recent advances provide new possibilities, including discovering novel biomarkers, imaging techniques, and personalized medicine, plus exploring artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and stem cell therapy. […] Beyond recent advances, prevention strategies like healthy lifestyles, vaccines, and herbal medicine are also being investigated to reduce disease risk.

• #40 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiome may influence development and progression, so modulating it is being explored as a prevention and treatment approach. […] A collaborative, comprehensive effort among stakeholders is required to overcome these hurdles and realize the goal of improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. […] Glomerulonephritis, if untreated, can lead to kidney failure. While treatments exist, prevention is the optimal approach. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing underlying conditions, preventing infections, avoiding toxins, and considering herbal medicine are prevention strategies for glomerulonephritis. […] Early accurate diagnosis is key for treating glomerulonephritis. Recently, novel diagnostic tools emerged including biomarkers, imaging, AI applications, advancing glomerulonephritis understanding.

• #41 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Acute kidney injury constitutes an abrupt, severe kidney detriment developing from diverse root causes like glomerulonephritis. […] Chronic management of glomerulonephritis involves ongoing care and treatment to slow the progression of kidney damage and prevent complications. […] Medical care for chronic kidney disease aims slowing organ harm progression, symptom management, and complication avoidance. […] Dialysis and renal replacement therapy constitute management approaches for individuals with progressed chronic kidney disease or renal failure. […] Kidney transplantation constitutes a management approach for individuals with progressed chronic kidney disease or renal failure. […] Precision medication and individualized treatment constitute evolving medical methodologies increasingly employed in glomerulonephritis administration.

• #42 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Artificial intelligence represents an innovative healthcare methodology using computational algorithms and machine learning to analyze large data volumes, generating insights bettering diagnosis and care. […] Regenerative medicine represents an interdisciplinary field aiming to restore or substitute harmed or diseased tissues and organs applying progressive biological and engineering techniques. […] Emerging therapies and technologies have the potential to revolutionize the management of glomerulonephritis. […] Gene therapy has emerged as a prospective new technique for glomerulonephritis management. […] Stem cell therapy shows potential as a method for glomerulonephritis management. […] Biological therapy has emerged as a prospective approach for glomerulonephritis management. […] Vaccination is a crucial preventive strategy against glomerulonephritis.

• #43 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Probiotics have exhibited promise for glomerulonephritis management. […] A growing body of research has identified various herbs and compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help reduce kidney damage and inflammation in glomerulonephritis. […] Telemedicine is an innovative healthcare delivery approach that utilizes technology for remote medical care and consultation. […] Implementing advances in glomerulonephritis poses challenges including cost limiting patient access, infrastructure changes needing electronic medical records upgrades, personnel training, protocol adoption, clinical resistance to unfamiliar technologies/therapies, prolonged regulatory approval delaying availability, data privacy/security risk necessitating protection, and variable patient acceptance depending on uncertainties surrounding technologies, treatments, side effects or risks.

• #44 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being increasingly explored for their potential in aiding the early detection and diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. […] Recently, significant progress has been made in the identification and validation of novel biomarkers for the early detection of glomerulonephritis. […] Point-of-care testing (POCT) offers an effective and cost-efficient approach for early detection and disease progression monitoring. […] Significant advancements have been made in the development of novel diagnostic imaging tools for early detection of glomerulonephritis. […] Lifestyle modifications can also play an important role in preventing and managing the disease. […] Dietary changes can be an important component of managing glomerulonephritis. […] Regular exercise is an important lifestyle modification for patients with glomerulonephritis.

• #45 Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

  https://www.probiologists.com/article/transforming-glomerulonephritis-care-through-emerging-diagnostics-and-therapeutics

  For patients with glomerulonephritis, smoking cessation is a crucial lifestyle modification. […] For patients with glomerulonephritis, stress management is an important aspect of lifestyle modification. […] Alcohol consumption is a lifestyle factor that patients with glomerulonephritis should manage carefully. […] Medication adherence is a crucial aspect of managing glomerulonephritis. […] Pharmacological interventions are a critical component of managing glomerulonephritis. […] The choice of medication depends on the underlying cause of glomerulonephritis, the severity of the disease, and the patient’s medical history. […] Immunosuppressive therapy constitutes a management approach suppressing the immune system and reducing corporeal inflammation. […] Nephrotic syndrome constitutes a condition typified by amplified urinary protein, diminished serum protein, and edema affecting diverse body regions.

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