Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic disease characterized by the development and presence of histological elements like endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical positions and organs outside the uterine cavity. […] There are several developed theories about the etiology of endometriosis based on the logical sequelae relating the severity of symptoms to the stage of the disease. However, none of these proposed models can fully explain the range of clinical manifestations of the disease. […] The most widely plausible theory is Sampson’s assumption, stating that the viable cells in the peritoneal fluid with retrograde menstruation can implant, grow, and infiltrate the peritoneal cavity. […] An alternative to Sampson’s theory is the coelomic metaplastic theory suggested by Meyer. This theory relies on the ability of parietal peritoneum epithelium to differentiate into endometrial tissue, probably under the stimuli of cytokines and growth factors of the endometrial stroma.

• #2 Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows on other parts of your body. […] Healthcare providers don’t know for sure what causes endometriosis. When you have endometriosis, tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows in the wrong places. Researchers are looking for a connection between endometriosis and conditions like retrograde menstruation, immune system conditions and hormone disorders as possible factors that may lead to the condition. […] Although experts don’t know the exact cause of endometriosis, they do see a connection between a family history of the condition and an increased risk of developing it at some point. […] Some factors can place you at a higher risk of developing endometriosis, including biological family history of endometriosis, having short menstrual cycles (fewer than 27 days between periods), having long and heavy periods (periods last longer than eight days), and never having children.

• #3 Endometriosis < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/endometriosis/

  Researchers estimate that over 10% of all women of childbearing age live with this condition. […] Even though endometriosis, a condition in which tissue similar to that lining the uterus grows outside the uterus, is among the most common gynecological conditions, it remains one of the most misunderstood and misdiagnosed. […] Time and again, as far back as the age of Hippocrates, physicians have failed to recognize endometriosis as a real disease with underlying physical causes and often blamed women for the debilitating symptoms they experienced. […] The now-discredited mystery disorder, presumed for centuries to be psychological in origin, was most likely endometriosis in the majority of cases. […] Now, emerging research has demonstrated that endometriosis is a chronic, systemic disease with multiple manifestations affecting the entire body.

• #4 Let’s talk about it: endometriosis causes, symptoms and treatments – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/health-medicine/let-s-talk-about-it-endometriosis-causes-symptoms-and-treatments

  Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrium, or uterine lining, in locations outside the uterus. It is predominantly found in the lining of the pelvis, ovaries, intestine and bladder but can also be found in sites more distant to the uterus, such as abdominal incisions, the lungs and, in rare cases, the brain. […] Studies show 94 percent of women have lining that is shed into the pelvis, known as retrograde menstruation, during the time of the period. Most of this blood and tissue is cleared by the immune system; but for some women, the tissue implants on surfaces and organs in the pelvis and becomes endometriosis. The endometriosis lesions menstruate in response to cyclic hormones, resulting in pain and scarring in the pelvis. […] Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition affecting one in 10 women of reproductive age and as many as one in three women with otherwise unexplained infertility.

• #5 Endometriosis Causes » Theories Explained — A/Prof Alex Ades

  https://www.advancedgynaecologymelbourne.com.au/endometriosis/causes

  Despite intensive research around the world and the long history of the condition, a unified root cause of endometriosis is still not 100% evident and to date, there is not one single universally accepted theory that explains all cases. […] Common to all theories, is that oestrogen is required for endometriotic lesions to grow and expand. […] The main theories proposed by scientists and researchers are: […] One of the most recognised theories assumes that the cause of endometriosis has to do with so-called retrograde menstruation. […] This theory states that endometriosis directly develops on the affected regions outside the uterus from cells already present in areas such as the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, recto-vaginal septum, bladder and bowel. […] Other explanations state that endometriosis has to do with changes in the immune system. […] Endometriosis occurs more often in certain families than others. […] This most recent theory suggests that endometriotic lesions can originate from endometrial, bone marrow or stem cells that have inherited genetic and/or epigenetic defects.

• #6 What Causes Endometriosis? | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/what-causes-endometriosis

  The cause of endometriosis is unknown. While multiple theories exist to its etiology, these should be taken as hypotheses that need further research to be validated. […] Stem cell theory posits that the cells responsible for the regeneration of the endometrial lining during ones menstrual cycle play a role in the development of endometriosis. […] One of the oldest theories explaining the etiology of endometriosis, proposes menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows backward through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity rather than out of the body. […] The theory of mulleriosis proposes that the cause of endometriosis lies in developmental abnormalities in the female reproductive system. […] Many scientists agree that there is a genetic component to the cause of endometriosis.

• #7 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Endometriosis is a chronic and (currently) incurable inflammatory disorder defined by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus as lesions. […] Currently, the etiology of endometriosis is not clearly defined. Instead, multiple origins have been proposed (which may give rise to different subtypes), and it is acknowledged that endometriosis is multifactorial in nature, with a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its development. […] In summary, multiple origins of endometriosis have been proposed and it is extremely likely that not all endometriosis has a common origin. By definition, endometriosis is the presence of endometrial-like cells that occur ectopically (via one or several of the proposed origins) and persist due to a combination of factors. The contribution of factors that potentiate the development of endometriosis is likely different in each case, ultimately leading to the multitude of presentations and disease heterogeneity that is consistently observed.

• #8 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic disease characterized by the development and presence of histological elements like endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical positions and organs outside the uterine cavity. […] There are several developed theories about the etiology of endometriosis based on the logical sequelae relating the severity of symptoms to the stage of the disease. However, none of these proposed models can fully explain the range of clinical manifestations of the disease. […] The most widely plausible theory is Sampson’s assumption, stating that the viable cells in the peritoneal fluid with retrograde menstruation can implant, grow, and infiltrate the peritoneal cavity. […] An alternative to Sampson’s theory is the coelomic metaplastic theory suggested by Meyer. This theory relies on the ability of parietal peritoneum epithelium to differentiate into endometrial tissue, probably under the stimuli of cytokines and growth factors of the endometrial stroma.

• #9

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a complex disease that affects many women globally from the onset of their first period (menarche) through menopause, regardless of ethnic origin or social status. Many different factors are thought to contribute to its development. At present endometriosis is thought to arise due to: […] The cause of endometriosis is unknown. There is no known way to prevent endometriosis. […] Retrograde menstruation is when menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity at the time that blood is flowing out of the body through the cervix and vagina during periods. Retrograde menstruation can result in endometrial-like cells being deposited outside the uterus where they can implant and grow. […] Cellular metaplasia is when cells change from one form to another. Cells outside the uterus change into endometrial-like cells and start to grow.

• #10 Endometriosis symptoms and causes | Jean Hailes for… | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/endometriosis/symptoms-causes

  We dont know the exact cause of endometriosis, but some factors may increase the likelihood of developing it. […] When you have a period, blood flows out of your vagina. But it can also flow backwards along your fallopian tubes into your pelvis. In 90% of women, the blood, which contains endometrial cells, is absorbed or broken down. But for some women, endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, which can cause a range of symptoms. […] One study has shown that women who have a close relative, such as a mother or sister, with endometriosis are 7 to 10 times more likely to develop the condition. […] If your immune system doesnt stop the growth of endometrial tissue outside your uterus, you can develop endometriosis.

• #11 What Causes Endometriosis? Genetics, Immune System, Menstruation

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/endometriosis-causes-7111697

  Researchers believe this is a common occurrence in people who menstruate but doesn’t explain why endometrial cells grow outside the uterus in some people but not others. […] Many people with endometriosis appear to have other immune system disorders and reduced immunity to other conditions. […] One theory is that problems with the immune system impair its ability to find and destroy endometrial tissue growing in areas it shouldn’t be. […] This theory suggests that endometrial tissue can use the blood or lymphatic systems to travel to other areas of the body. […] Direct transplantation involves endometrial cells being accidentally picked up and moved during surgeries such as cesarean sections (C-sections) to deliver a baby or hysterectomies to remove a uterus. […] Through a process called cellular metaplasia, cells outside the uterus could become cells that are similar to endometrial cells and start growing.

• #12 Endometriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis

  Some factors associated with endometriosis include prolonged exposure to naturally synthesized estrogen; for example, from late menopause or early menarche. Obstruction of menstrual outflow; for example, in Müllerian anomalies. […] While the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, many theories have been presented to understand and explain its development. These concepts do not necessarily exclude each other. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is likely to be multifactorial and to involve an interplay between several factors. […] The theory of retrograde menstruation (also called the implantation theory or transplantation theory) is the most commonly accepted theory for the dissemination and transformation of ectopic endometrium into endometriosis. It suggests that during a woman’s menstrual flow, some of the endometrial debris flow backward through the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal cavity, attaching itself to the peritoneal surface (the lining of the abdominal cavity) where it can proceed to invade the tissue as or transform into endometriosis.

• #13 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic disease characterized by the development and presence of histological elements like endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical positions and organs outside the uterine cavity. […] There are several developed theories about the etiology of endometriosis based on the logical sequelae relating the severity of symptoms to the stage of the disease. However, none of these proposed models can fully explain the range of clinical manifestations of the disease. […] The most widely plausible theory is Sampson’s assumption, stating that the viable cells in the peritoneal fluid with retrograde menstruation can implant, grow, and infiltrate the peritoneal cavity. […] An alternative to Sampson’s theory is the coelomic metaplastic theory suggested by Meyer. This theory relies on the ability of parietal peritoneum epithelium to differentiate into endometrial tissue, probably under the stimuli of cytokines and growth factors of the endometrial stroma.

• #14

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a complex disease that affects many women globally from the onset of their first period (menarche) through menopause, regardless of ethnic origin or social status. Many different factors are thought to contribute to its development. At present endometriosis is thought to arise due to: […] The cause of endometriosis is unknown. There is no known way to prevent endometriosis. […] Retrograde menstruation is when menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity at the time that blood is flowing out of the body through the cervix and vagina during periods. Retrograde menstruation can result in endometrial-like cells being deposited outside the uterus where they can implant and grow. […] Cellular metaplasia is when cells change from one form to another. Cells outside the uterus change into endometrial-like cells and start to grow.

• #15 Causes | Endometriosis UK

  https://www.endometriosis-uk.org/causes

  It is thought that in some cases the immune system is not able to fight off endometriosis. Many of those with endometriosis appear to have reduced immunity to other conditions. It is not known whether this contributes to endometriosis or whether it is as a result of endometriosis. […] This theory suggests that certain toxins in our environment, such as dioxin, can affect the body, the immune system and reproductive system and cause endometriosis. Research studies have shown that when animals were exposed to high levels of dioxin they developed endometriosis. This theory has not yet been proven for humans. […] In the case of endometriosis, metaplasia would explain how the endometriosis cells appear spontaneously inside the body and how they appear in areas such as the lung and skin. It would also explain the appearance of endometriosis cells in women with no womb or in men who have taken hormone treatments.

• #16 Causes | Endometriosis UK

  https://www.endometriosis-uk.org/causes

  It is thought that in some cases the immune system is not able to fight off endometriosis. Many of those with endometriosis appear to have reduced immunity to other conditions. It is not known whether this contributes to endometriosis or whether it is as a result of endometriosis. […] This theory suggests that certain toxins in our environment, such as dioxin, can affect the body, the immune system and reproductive system and cause endometriosis. Research studies have shown that when animals were exposed to high levels of dioxin they developed endometriosis. This theory has not yet been proven for humans. […] In the case of endometriosis, metaplasia would explain how the endometriosis cells appear spontaneously inside the body and how they appear in areas such as the lung and skin. It would also explain the appearance of endometriosis cells in women with no womb or in men who have taken hormone treatments.

• #17 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  To explain the occurrence of endometriosis in the cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments, the main used theory is the Mllerian remnant theory, suggesting that atypical migration or differentiation of these remnants could imitate endometriotic tissue in the poster pelvic floor. […] Another theory developed to explain endometriosis is the lymphatic and vascular metastasis theory. This theory proposes that endometrial tissue can infiltrate the lymphatics and vasculature and, through them, get transferred to remote foci like the brain or the pleura or retroperitoneal locations. […] The stem cell theory could also partially explain the pathogenesis and establishment of endometriosis. Growing evidence has supported that the endometrial stem cells might be responsible for the development and progression of endometriosis.

• #18 What Causes Endometriosis? | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/what-causes-endometriosis

  The cause of endometriosis is unknown. While multiple theories exist to its etiology, these should be taken as hypotheses that need further research to be validated. […] Stem cell theory posits that the cells responsible for the regeneration of the endometrial lining during ones menstrual cycle play a role in the development of endometriosis. […] One of the oldest theories explaining the etiology of endometriosis, proposes menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows backward through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity rather than out of the body. […] The theory of mulleriosis proposes that the cause of endometriosis lies in developmental abnormalities in the female reproductive system. […] Many scientists agree that there is a genetic component to the cause of endometriosis.

• #19 Causes | Endometriosis UK

  https://www.endometriosis-uk.org/causes

  To explain endometriosis, some researchers believe this change from one type of cell into an endometriosis cell happens as an embryo (developing baby in the womb), when the babys womb (uterus) is first forming. […] Other researchers believe that some adult cells retain the ability they had as an embryo to transform into endometriosis cells.

• #20 Endometriosis: Defining It, Recognizing It, And Treating It | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/endometriosis

  Endometriosis is not simply a „menstruation disease,” it is a complex systemic disease associated with tissue similar to the endometrial lining of the uterus growing outside the uterus that can affect the whole body. […] There is no known cause of the disease and no cure, though it is treatable. […] Multiple theories regarding the cause of endometriosis exist, but no proven causes can adequately explain every aspect of the disease. Below are some of the proposed theories and beliefs regarding endometriosis: […] Retrograde menstruation is one possibility that can cause endometriosis. […] Mllerian remnant theory suggests that endometriosis precursors can be present during fetal development. […] Coelomic metaplasia and stem cell transition are theories that suggest non-Mllerian cells can differentiate into endometriosis.

• #21 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  To explain the occurrence of endometriosis in the cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments, the main used theory is the Mllerian remnant theory, suggesting that atypical migration or differentiation of these remnants could imitate endometriotic tissue in the poster pelvic floor. […] Another theory developed to explain endometriosis is the lymphatic and vascular metastasis theory. This theory proposes that endometrial tissue can infiltrate the lymphatics and vasculature and, through them, get transferred to remote foci like the brain or the pleura or retroperitoneal locations. […] The stem cell theory could also partially explain the pathogenesis and establishment of endometriosis. Growing evidence has supported that the endometrial stem cells might be responsible for the development and progression of endometriosis.

• #22

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis

  Stem cells can give rise to the disease, which then spreads through the body via blood and lymphatic vessels. […] Other factors may also contribute to the growth or persistence of ectopic endometrial tissue. For example, endometriosis is known to be dependent on estrogen, which increases the inflammation, growth and pain associated with the disease. However, the relationship between estrogen and endometriosis is complex since the absence of estrogen does not always mean the absence of endometriosis.

• #23 Causes | Endometriosis UK

  https://www.endometriosis-uk.org/causes

  The actual cause of endometriosis is unknown. There are several theories about the cause of endometriosis, but none fully explains why endometriosis occurs. […] It is possible that a combination of the following factors could be causing endometriosis to develop in some of those affected by the condition: […] Retrograde menstruation […] Genetic predisposition […] Lymphatic or circulatory spread […] Immune dysfunction […] Environmental causes […] Metaplasia […] Some research suggests that endometriosis can be passed down to new generations through the genes of family members. Some families may be more susceptible to endometriosis but the causes of this are unclear. […] Endometriosis tissue particles are thought to somehow travel round the body through the lymphatic system or in the bloodstream. This could explain why it has been found in areas such as the eyes and brain.

• #24 What Causes Endometriosis? – Your Period

  https://www.yourperiod.ca/endometriosis2/what-causes-endometriosis/

  The cause of endometriosis is not fully understood. While there are several theories about the cause, none of them fully explain why endometriosis occurs. The most common theory is through implantation of retrograde menstruation. […] Other theories around the cause of endometriosis include: […] Genetic predisposition, where endometriosis may be passed down through families (hereditary) or linked to genetic variants. […] Lymphatic or circulatory spread, where endometriosis travels through the lymphatic system. This theory may explain why endometriosis has been observed in uncommon locations (e.g., lungs, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, eyes, and brain). […] Metaplasia, where one type of cell changes or morphs into a different type of cell. With endometriosis, metaplasia may explain how endometriosis cells appear spontaneously in the body.

• #25 Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes & Medication

  https://www.webmd.com/women/endometriosis/endometriosis-causes-symptoms-treatment

  Endometriosis Causes […] Doctors dont know exactly what causes endometriosis. Some experts think menstrual blood that contains endometrial cells may pass back through your fallopian tubes and into your pelvic cavity, where the cells stick to your organs. This is called retrograde menstruation. […] Your genes could also play a role. If your mom or sister has endometriosis, youre more likely to get it. Research shows that it tends to get worse from one generation to the next. […] Some people with endometriosis also have immune system disorders. But doctors arent sure whether theres a link. […] Other reasons may include: […] Transformation of peritoneal cells. Experts think that hormones or immune factors promote the transformation of peritoneal cells cells that line the inner side of your abdomen into endometrial-like cells. […] Embryonic cell transformation. Hormones such as estrogen may transform embryonic cells cells in the earliest stages of development into endometrial-like cell implants during puberty. […] Surgical scar implantation. After a surgery, such as a hysterectomy or C-section, endometrial cells may attach to a surgical incision. […] Endometrial cell transport. The blood vessels or tissue fluid (lymphatic system) may transport endometrial cells to other parts of the body.

• #26 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  To explain the occurrence of endometriosis in the cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments, the main used theory is the Mllerian remnant theory, suggesting that atypical migration or differentiation of these remnants could imitate endometriotic tissue in the poster pelvic floor. […] Another theory developed to explain endometriosis is the lymphatic and vascular metastasis theory. This theory proposes that endometrial tissue can infiltrate the lymphatics and vasculature and, through them, get transferred to remote foci like the brain or the pleura or retroperitoneal locations. […] The stem cell theory could also partially explain the pathogenesis and establishment of endometriosis. Growing evidence has supported that the endometrial stem cells might be responsible for the development and progression of endometriosis.

• #27 What Causes Endometriosis? | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/what-causes-endometriosis

  The cause of endometriosis is unknown. While multiple theories exist to its etiology, these should be taken as hypotheses that need further research to be validated. […] Stem cell theory posits that the cells responsible for the regeneration of the endometrial lining during ones menstrual cycle play a role in the development of endometriosis. […] One of the oldest theories explaining the etiology of endometriosis, proposes menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows backward through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity rather than out of the body. […] The theory of mulleriosis proposes that the cause of endometriosis lies in developmental abnormalities in the female reproductive system. […] Many scientists agree that there is a genetic component to the cause of endometriosis.

• #28 Endometriosis Causes » Theories Explained — A/Prof Alex Ades

  https://www.advancedgynaecologymelbourne.com.au/endometriosis/causes

  Despite intensive research around the world and the long history of the condition, a unified root cause of endometriosis is still not 100% evident and to date, there is not one single universally accepted theory that explains all cases. […] Common to all theories, is that oestrogen is required for endometriotic lesions to grow and expand. […] The main theories proposed by scientists and researchers are: […] One of the most recognised theories assumes that the cause of endometriosis has to do with so-called retrograde menstruation. […] This theory states that endometriosis directly develops on the affected regions outside the uterus from cells already present in areas such as the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, recto-vaginal septum, bladder and bowel. […] Other explanations state that endometriosis has to do with changes in the immune system. […] Endometriosis occurs more often in certain families than others. […] This most recent theory suggests that endometriotic lesions can originate from endometrial, bone marrow or stem cells that have inherited genetic and/or epigenetic defects.

• #29 Endometriosis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/endometriosis

  Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to that found in the endometrium the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. […] The cause of endometriosis is unknown, though the condition likely develops due to multiple factors. […] Researchers and doctors have proposed a number of theories about the cause of endometriosis, the most common of which is known as the retrograde menstruation theory. […] Another theory holds that stem cells play a role in endometriosis. […] There is evidence that people with first-degree relatives (i.e., mothers or sisters) with endometriosis are more likely to develop the condition, suggesting that genetics may be a factor. […] Normally, the immune system clears away endometrial tissue found outside the uterus. In people with endometriosis, however, the immune system may not effectively remove this tissue.

• #30 Endometriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis

  The exact cause of endometriosis is not known. Possible causes include problems with menstrual period flow, genetic factors, hormones, and problems with the immune system. Endometriosis is associated with elevated levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, as well as estrogen receptor sensitivity. Estrogen exposure worsens the inflammatory symptoms of endometriosis by stimulating an immune response. […] Endometriosis is a heritable condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, a genetic disorder of polygenic/multifactorial inheritance acquired via affected genes from either a person’s father or mother. For example, children or siblings of women with endometriosis are at higher risk of developing endometriosis themselves; low progesterone levels may be genetic, and may contribute to a hormone imbalance. Individuals with an affected first-degree relative have an approximate six-fold increase incidence of endometriosis.

• #31 Endometriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis

  The exact cause of endometriosis is not known. Possible causes include problems with menstrual period flow, genetic factors, hormones, and problems with the immune system. Endometriosis is associated with elevated levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, as well as estrogen receptor sensitivity. Estrogen exposure worsens the inflammatory symptoms of endometriosis by stimulating an immune response. […] Endometriosis is a heritable condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, a genetic disorder of polygenic/multifactorial inheritance acquired via affected genes from either a person’s father or mother. For example, children or siblings of women with endometriosis are at higher risk of developing endometriosis themselves; low progesterone levels may be genetic, and may contribute to a hormone imbalance. Individuals with an affected first-degree relative have an approximate six-fold increase incidence of endometriosis.

• #32 Global study shows the experience of Endometriosis is rooted in genetics | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-03-14-global-study-shows-experience-endometriosis-rooted-genetics

  Researchers at the University of Oxford, in collaboration with 25 teams across the world, have published the largest study to date of the genetic basis of endometriosis. […] It is known that endometriosis can run in families, and therefore that genetic factors (heritability) play a role in how it develops in some women but not in others. Very little is known about the causes of endometriosis, and studying genetics – by comparing the DNA code in women with and without the disease – can give us clues to the biological processes that are the basis for onset and progression. […] By conducting the largest genetic study ever conducted, the researchers found 42 areas across the genome that harbour variants that increase risk of endometriosis. […] What they noted in particular is that many of the implicated genes play a role in pain perception and maintenance. Indeed, they found that there was a shared genetic basis for endometriosis and a range of other chronic pain types such migraine, back pain, and multi-site pain.

• #33 Endometriosis < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/endometriosis/

  Researchers currently think that most cases of endometriosis result from what they call retrograde menstruation. […] The pain of the disease may be caused by several different mechanisms. […] New research is revealing that endometriosis is not just a gynecologic disease, but rather a widespread inflammatory disorder. […] Studies on twins show that genetic factors account for approximately 50% of a woman’s risk of developing endometriosis. […] We believe endometriosis is polygenic with multiple genes that all have a net contribution. […] Furthermore, studying the genetics of endometriosis may also help researchers better understand its association with comorbid conditions. […] Endometriosis typically begins to manifest as extremely painful periods. […] New research is now revealing that endometriosis causes more health challenges than initially thought.

• #34 Endometriosis: new findings shed light on the cause

  https://www.polytechnique-insights.com/en/columns/health-and-biotech/endometriosis-the-origins-of-the-disease-become-clearer/

  Endometriosis, long neglected by scientific research, has recently seen renewed interest, leading to important advances. […] The origin of the disease is now known (probably a dysfunction of the endometrial cells in menstrual blood), but questions remain as to why it develops in certain people. […] Recent research has discovered a strong genetic component in endometriosis, with unexpected links to other inflammatory and painful diseases. […] The question now is why these lesions only develop in some women and AFAB people. Are there differences in, say, the immune system or in the hormonal system? Are other factors involved? Thats what research into causes is primarily focused on. […] About 50% of disease risk in the general population is attributable to genetic factors, which is a sizable heritability.

• #35 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Endometriosis has a significant heritable component, with familial aggregation, indicating a high risk for first-degree relatives of those affected. […] Understanding the functional consequences of genetic variants associated with endometriosis is an ongoing area of research. […] Epigenetic modifications are reversible and dynamic modulations that regulate how DNA is expressed and are highly influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. […] Somatic cancer-driver mutations have now been described in a range of endometriosis lesions and most of them are recurrent mutations in KRAS, PIK3CA as well as loss of PTEN and ARID1A. […] Steroid-dependence is recognized as a key hallmark of endometriosis. […] The concept that endometriosis lesions are perceived by the body as wounds that undergo repeated tissue injury and repair (reTIAR) is documented in the literature.

• #36 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Immune cell dysfunction is intrinsically linked with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. […] Exposure to certain toxicants that act as endocrine disruptors have been linked to an increased risk of developing endometriosis. […] The theory of endometriosis having origins in utero is also gaining traction.

• #37 Endometriosis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/endometriosis

  Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to that found in the endometrium the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. […] The cause of endometriosis is unknown, though the condition likely develops due to multiple factors. […] Researchers and doctors have proposed a number of theories about the cause of endometriosis, the most common of which is known as the retrograde menstruation theory. […] Another theory holds that stem cells play a role in endometriosis. […] There is evidence that people with first-degree relatives (i.e., mothers or sisters) with endometriosis are more likely to develop the condition, suggesting that genetics may be a factor. […] Normally, the immune system clears away endometrial tissue found outside the uterus. In people with endometriosis, however, the immune system may not effectively remove this tissue.

• #38 Endometriosis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/endometriosis

  Endometriosis happens when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (womb) grows outside of the uterus. […] No one knows for sure what causes this disease. Researchers are studying possible causes: […] Problems with menstrual period flow. Retrograde menstrual flow is the most likely cause of endometriosis. Some of the tissue shed during the period flows through the fallopian tube into other areas of the body, such as the pelvis. […] Genetic factors. Because endometriosis runs in families, it may be inherited in the genes. […] Immune system problems. A faulty immune system may fail to find and destroy endometrial tissue growing outside of the uterus. Immune system disorders and certain cancers are more common in women with endometriosis. […] Hormones. The hormone estrogen appears to promote endometriosis. Research is looking at whether endometriosis is a problem with the body’s hormone system. […] Surgery. During a surgery to the abdominal area, such as a Cesarean (C-section) or hysterectomy, endometrial tissue could be picked up and moved by mistake. For instance, endometrial tissue has been found in abdominal scars.

• #39 Current Knowledge On Endometriosis Etiology: A Systematic Review | Gynecologic Oncology Institute | Robotic Surgery | Integrative Healing

  https://www.gynecologiconcologyinstitute.org/news/endometriosis/endometriosis-news/endometriosis-causes-a-review/

  Retrograde menstruation is the most widely accepted hypothesis and suggests that menstrual blood and endometrial tissue backflow through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity, where it implants and grows outside of the uterus. […] Genetic predisposition is another possible factor in endometriosis development, with several genes implicated in its pathogenesis. […] Immunological dysfunction may also play a role, as endometriosis has been associated with altered immune function, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. […] Hormonal imbalances, such as increased estrogen levels and decreased progesterone levels, may also contribute to the development of endometriosis. […] Lastly, the review discusses environmental factors, such as exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which act like estrogens, which have been shown to disrupt the hormonal balance and potentially increase the risk of endometriosis.

• #40 Endometriosis: Causes, symptoms and treatments | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34722-endometriosis-causes-symptoms-treatments.html

  One of these factors could be an altered immune response, Pastorelli Mosca said. Immune cell dysfunctions and an inflammatory environment characterize all forms of endometriosis, according to a 2021 review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. […] Another theory is lymphovascular metastasis, which is a well-known mechanism in the spread of human cancer, Pastorelli Mosca said. „It would explain endometrial tissue spreading from the uterus to the abdominal cavity through the lymphatic system and blood stream,” she said. […] Emerging evidence suggests endometriosis may be linked to imbalances in gut and reproductive tract bacteria composition, according to a 2021 review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

• #41 Endometriosis < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/endometriosis/

  Researchers currently think that most cases of endometriosis result from what they call retrograde menstruation. […] The pain of the disease may be caused by several different mechanisms. […] New research is revealing that endometriosis is not just a gynecologic disease, but rather a widespread inflammatory disorder. […] Studies on twins show that genetic factors account for approximately 50% of a woman’s risk of developing endometriosis. […] We believe endometriosis is polygenic with multiple genes that all have a net contribution. […] Furthermore, studying the genetics of endometriosis may also help researchers better understand its association with comorbid conditions. […] Endometriosis typically begins to manifest as extremely painful periods. […] New research is now revealing that endometriosis causes more health challenges than initially thought.

• #42 Endometriosis: how the condition may be linked to the immune system

  https://theconversation.com/endometriosis-how-the-condition-may-be-linked-to-the-immune-system-203305

  Endometriosis is a debilitating condition which affects 10% of women worldwide. […] Despite how common endometriosis is, most women wait on average 7.5 years for a diagnosis in the UK. […] Theres currently no cure for endometriosis. This may be due to how complex endometriosis is, affecting many different parts of the body meaning researchers still dont fully understand all the causes of the disease. […] Research has observed multiple immune system changes in people with endometriosis. […] One study found patients with endometriosis had elevated inflammation levels (specifically higher levels of cytokines). […] Research has also shown that people with endometriosis have disturbed immune cell function namely a specific type of immune cell called natural killer cells. […] Again, its still not certain whether altered immune function causes endometriosis or is merely a symptom of the disease.

• #43 Endometriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis

  The exact cause of endometriosis is not known. Possible causes include problems with menstrual period flow, genetic factors, hormones, and problems with the immune system. Endometriosis is associated with elevated levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, as well as estrogen receptor sensitivity. Estrogen exposure worsens the inflammatory symptoms of endometriosis by stimulating an immune response. […] Endometriosis is a heritable condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, a genetic disorder of polygenic/multifactorial inheritance acquired via affected genes from either a person’s father or mother. For example, children or siblings of women with endometriosis are at higher risk of developing endometriosis themselves; low progesterone levels may be genetic, and may contribute to a hormone imbalance. Individuals with an affected first-degree relative have an approximate six-fold increase incidence of endometriosis.

• #44 Endometriosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567777/

  Moreover, the ambiguous pathogenesis of endometriosis led the investigators to research the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory elements, and reactive oxygen species as long as genetic and epigenetic factors. […] The role of steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is also indisputable. Estrogen is the main hormone responsible for the propagation and expansion of the endometrium. […] The epigenetic changes are also an undeniable factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and this is demonstrated by the fact that not only women of reproductive age suffer from the disease but also adolescents and younger women with a family history. […] Specific genetic loci have also been identified for the initiation of the disease, making some women more prone to the disease than others. However, the genetic profile is not yet fully understood.

• #45 The Main Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4254

  In 1927 Sampson suggested one more pathogenetic mechanism—theory of metastatic endometriosis. This theory assumes that a small amount of the endometrial tissue can be disseminated through the uterine-draining lymph vessels during menstruation. […] Inflammation, caused by immune dysregulation, is one of the main mechanisms that takes part in diseases where cell proliferation and infiltration occur. […] The main functions of oestrogen in healthy endometrium include stimulation of epithelial proliferation and induction of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an IL-6 family cytokine, which is important for successful embryo implantation and decidualization of the endometrium. […] In endometriosis, studies report higher levels of oestradiol—oestrogen steroid hormone—in menstrual blood and abnormal expression of enzymes involved in oestrogen metabolism, which can lead to increased oestrogen concentration and suppressed inactivation of oestrogen synthesis.

• #46 The Main Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4254

  The dysregulation of these two hormones—resistance to progesterone and oestrogen dominance—leads to endometriosis development. […] In recent years, growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic changes have a certain role in the development of endometriosis. […] Despite the fact that endometriosis is classified as a benign disease, it still has a potential to transform into malignancy. […] Factors of the environment definitely have an impact on risks of endometriosis development.

• #47 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Endometriosis has a significant heritable component, with familial aggregation, indicating a high risk for first-degree relatives of those affected. […] Understanding the functional consequences of genetic variants associated with endometriosis is an ongoing area of research. […] Epigenetic modifications are reversible and dynamic modulations that regulate how DNA is expressed and are highly influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. […] Somatic cancer-driver mutations have now been described in a range of endometriosis lesions and most of them are recurrent mutations in KRAS, PIK3CA as well as loss of PTEN and ARID1A. […] Steroid-dependence is recognized as a key hallmark of endometriosis. […] The concept that endometriosis lesions are perceived by the body as wounds that undergo repeated tissue injury and repair (reTIAR) is documented in the literature.

• #48 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Immune cell dysfunction is intrinsically linked with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. […] Exposure to certain toxicants that act as endocrine disruptors have been linked to an increased risk of developing endometriosis. […] The theory of endometriosis having origins in utero is also gaining traction.

• #49 Endometriosis: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149109

  Endometriosis is a condition that can affect females. It happens when tissue that is similar to that of endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. […] Experts do not know exactly why endometriosis happens. […] Two known risk factors are starting menstruation before the age of 11 years and heavy and prolonged menstruation, but other factors may play a role. […] These include: genetic factors, as it appears to run in families; problems with menstrual flow, resulting in blood and tissue not leaving the body; immune system problems, in which the immune system does not eliminate unwanted tissue; high levels of the hormone estrogen in the body; surgery to the abdominal area, such as a cesarean delivery or hysterectomy; shorter menstrual cycle; alcohol and caffeine consumption. […] Researchers have also found links between endometriosis and exposure to phthalates, particularly during fetal development. Phthalates are a group of chemicals that help make plastics flexible and durable.

• #50 Causes | Endometriosis UK

  https://www.endometriosis-uk.org/causes

  It is thought that in some cases the immune system is not able to fight off endometriosis. Many of those with endometriosis appear to have reduced immunity to other conditions. It is not known whether this contributes to endometriosis or whether it is as a result of endometriosis. […] This theory suggests that certain toxins in our environment, such as dioxin, can affect the body, the immune system and reproductive system and cause endometriosis. Research studies have shown that when animals were exposed to high levels of dioxin they developed endometriosis. This theory has not yet been proven for humans. […] In the case of endometriosis, metaplasia would explain how the endometriosis cells appear spontaneously inside the body and how they appear in areas such as the lung and skin. It would also explain the appearance of endometriosis cells in women with no womb or in men who have taken hormone treatments.

• #51

  https://www.ovoria.com/blog/fertility/endometriosis/causes

  Studies have established that women with a lower BMI (less than 18.5kg/m2) have a higher risk of endometriosis. […] Studies have discovered that endometriosis runs in some families. Therefore, genetic factors contribute to its development. […] The immune system protects your body from diseases. Suppose you have a faulty or weak immune system. In that case, it may fail to detect and destroy/stop the ectopic endometrial cells. […] Research shows that environmental toxins, such as organochlorine pesticides and dioxins, cause endometriosis. […] Sometimes, when you have your menstruation, some endometrial cells that shed may travel back through the fallopian/uterine tubes to the pelvic cavity. This phenomenon is known as retrograde or reverse menstruation.

• #52 5 Common Root Causes Of Endometriosis And How To Treat Them

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-endometriosis

  Endometriosis has long been thought of as an estrogen-dominant condition. However, further research shows that endometriosis first leads to progesterone resistance. […] Some other research is looking at the immune systems role in endometriosis. […] Another association that research has discovered is the connection between the gut microbiome and endometriosis, which concluded that there is a significant difference between the gut microbiome of women with endometriosis and those without. […] Studies also show that endometriosis tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component as well to this condition. […] Phthalates are chemicals found in our environment and are known as endocrine disruptors, meaning they can have a direct influence on hormones.

• #53 Endometriosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a condition where cells similar to those that line the uterus grow in other areas of your body, especially in your pelvis and reproductive organs. […] We don’t know exactly what causes endometriosis, but there are some possible causes and risk factors. […] Your period normally flows out of your vagina, but sometimes it can flow back along your fallopian tubes into your pelvis. The blood, which contains endometrial cells, is absorbed by the body or broken down in 90% of women. In some women the cells can stick to areas outside the uterus, leading to endometriosis. […] You can develop endometriosis if your immune system doesn’t stop the growth of endometrial tissue outside your uterus. […] Women who have a close relative with endometriosis are 7 to 10 times more likely to get endometriosis.

• #54 Endometriosis symptoms and causes | Jean Hailes for… | Jean Hailes

  https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/endometriosis/symptoms-causes

  We dont know the exact cause of endometriosis, but some factors may increase the likelihood of developing it. […] When you have a period, blood flows out of your vagina. But it can also flow backwards along your fallopian tubes into your pelvis. In 90% of women, the blood, which contains endometrial cells, is absorbed or broken down. But for some women, endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, which can cause a range of symptoms. […] One study has shown that women who have a close relative, such as a mother or sister, with endometriosis are 7 to 10 times more likely to develop the condition. […] If your immune system doesnt stop the growth of endometrial tissue outside your uterus, you can develop endometriosis.

• #55 Endometriosis: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149109

  Endometriosis is a condition that can affect females. It happens when tissue that is similar to that of endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. […] Experts do not know exactly why endometriosis happens. […] Two known risk factors are starting menstruation before the age of 11 years and heavy and prolonged menstruation, but other factors may play a role. […] These include: genetic factors, as it appears to run in families; problems with menstrual flow, resulting in blood and tissue not leaving the body; immune system problems, in which the immune system does not eliminate unwanted tissue; high levels of the hormone estrogen in the body; surgery to the abdominal area, such as a cesarean delivery or hysterectomy; shorter menstrual cycle; alcohol and caffeine consumption. […] Researchers have also found links between endometriosis and exposure to phthalates, particularly during fetal development. Phthalates are a group of chemicals that help make plastics flexible and durable.

• #56 Endometriosis | Endo | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html

  Researchers don’t know what causes endometriosis. […] You are at higher risk if: […] You have a mother, sister, or daughter with endometriosis. […] Your period started before age 11. […] Your monthly cycles are short (less than 27 days). […] Your menstrual cycles are heavy and last more than 7 days. […] You have a lower risk if: […] You have been pregnant before. […] Your periods started late in adolescence. […] You breastfeed your babies.

• #57 Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows on other parts of your body. […] Healthcare providers don’t know for sure what causes endometriosis. When you have endometriosis, tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows in the wrong places. Researchers are looking for a connection between endometriosis and conditions like retrograde menstruation, immune system conditions and hormone disorders as possible factors that may lead to the condition. […] Although experts don’t know the exact cause of endometriosis, they do see a connection between a family history of the condition and an increased risk of developing it at some point. […] Some factors can place you at a higher risk of developing endometriosis, including biological family history of endometriosis, having short menstrual cycles (fewer than 27 days between periods), having long and heavy periods (periods last longer than eight days), and never having children.

• #58 Endometriosis | Endo | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html

  Researchers don’t know what causes endometriosis. […] You are at higher risk if: […] You have a mother, sister, or daughter with endometriosis. […] Your period started before age 11. […] Your monthly cycles are short (less than 27 days). […] Your menstrual cycles are heavy and last more than 7 days. […] You have a lower risk if: […] You have been pregnant before. […] Your periods started late in adolescence. […] You breastfeed your babies.

• #59 Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows on other parts of your body. […] Healthcare providers don’t know for sure what causes endometriosis. When you have endometriosis, tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows in the wrong places. Researchers are looking for a connection between endometriosis and conditions like retrograde menstruation, immune system conditions and hormone disorders as possible factors that may lead to the condition. […] Although experts don’t know the exact cause of endometriosis, they do see a connection between a family history of the condition and an increased risk of developing it at some point. […] Some factors can place you at a higher risk of developing endometriosis, including biological family history of endometriosis, having short menstrual cycles (fewer than 27 days between periods), having long and heavy periods (periods last longer than eight days), and never having children.

• #60 Endometriosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000915.htm

  Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of your womb (uterus) grow in other areas of your body. This can cause pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, vaginal bleeding between periods, and problems getting pregnant (infertility). […] The cause of endometriosis is unknown. One idea is that when you get your period, the cells may travel backwards through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis. Once there, the cells attach and grow. However, this backward period flow occurs in many women. The immune system may play a role in causing endometriosis in women with the condition. […] Endometriosis probably starts when a woman begins having periods. However, it usually is not diagnosed until ages 25 to 35. […] You are more likely to develop endometriosis if you: Have a mother or sister with endometriosis; Started your period at a young age; Never had children; Have frequent periods, or they last 7 or more days.

• #61 Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows on other parts of your body. […] Healthcare providers don’t know for sure what causes endometriosis. When you have endometriosis, tissue that is similar to the lining of your uterus grows in the wrong places. Researchers are looking for a connection between endometriosis and conditions like retrograde menstruation, immune system conditions and hormone disorders as possible factors that may lead to the condition. […] Although experts don’t know the exact cause of endometriosis, they do see a connection between a family history of the condition and an increased risk of developing it at some point. […] Some factors can place you at a higher risk of developing endometriosis, including biological family history of endometriosis, having short menstrual cycles (fewer than 27 days between periods), having long and heavy periods (periods last longer than eight days), and never having children.

• #62

  https://www.ovoria.com/blog/fertility/endometriosis/causes

  While several theories explain what causes endometriosis, its aetiology remains inconclusive. […] The true cause of endometriosis is unknown. However, research points out certain factors contributing to its development. Common explanations behind endometriosis aetiology include […] Nulliparity or never giving birth increases the risk of developing endometriosis. Nulliparous women have more exposure to menstruation and oestrogen hormones than multiparous women. […] Specific problems with your menstrual flow, such as short and frequent menstruation, can increase your risk of developing endometriosis. […] Endometriosis is primarily an oestrogen-dependent condition. Oestrogen triggers inflammation, facilitating disease progression. When oestrogen levels increase abnormally, it may lead to excessive endometrial cell growth, increasing the chances of disease development.

• #63

  https://www.ovoria.com/blog/fertility/endometriosis/causes

  Studies have established that women with a lower BMI (less than 18.5kg/m2) have a higher risk of endometriosis. […] Studies have discovered that endometriosis runs in some families. Therefore, genetic factors contribute to its development. […] The immune system protects your body from diseases. Suppose you have a faulty or weak immune system. In that case, it may fail to detect and destroy/stop the ectopic endometrial cells. […] Research shows that environmental toxins, such as organochlorine pesticides and dioxins, cause endometriosis. […] Sometimes, when you have your menstruation, some endometrial cells that shed may travel back through the fallopian/uterine tubes to the pelvic cavity. This phenomenon is known as retrograde or reverse menstruation.

• #64 Endometriosis – Types, Symptoms, Causes and treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Number for

  https://www.pacehospital.com/endometriosis-types-symptoms-risk-factors-causes-and-complications

  Endometriosis causes […] The cause of endometriosis is not known and not well understood. However, it is estimated that retrograde menstruation is the common pathogenesis of endometriosis which accounts for about 90% of women. […] Retrograde menstruation: During each menstrual period, most of the blood and uterine lining are shed through the woman’s cervix and into the vagina. However, for some women, some of this tissue enters the pelvis through the fallopian tubes instead of the vagina. One common theory is that women develop endometriosis simply due to the inability to clear these cells from the pelvis. When retrograde menstruation occurs, internal bleeding and inflammation can lead to fibrosis (scar formation) and adhesion development, which in turn contributes to the development of symptoms and physical distortion of pelvic anatomy (changes in normal shape, structure, and positioning of organs) that is seen in patients with more severe endometriosis. […] The following factors may influence whether lesions and implants that persist in the pelvic cavity. […] Genetic factors: Endometriosis runs in families. Hence, some people may have a high chance of developing endometriosis if they have a family history of this condition. […] Immune system issues: In some people, a (faulty) immune system may fail to detect and destroy endometrial tissue growing outside of the uterus, leading to endometriosis. Certain cancers and immune system disorders are more common in women with endometriosis. […] Hormones: The high level of oestrogen appears to promote endometriosis and the treatment mainly deals in the reduction of the same. […] Surgery: For instance, endometrial tissue has been found in abdominal scars. It is possible during surgery on the abdominal area, such as a hysterectomy or caesarean (C-section), the endometrial tissue of the patient could be picked up and moved by mistake.

• #65 Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://greatist.com/health/endometriosis

  Endometriosis is a pain quite literally. […] The exact cause of endo is unknown. But some researchers theorize the cause is related to genetics, abdominal tissue transfer, hormonal problems, lymphatic system issues, immune system conditions, or surgery complications. […] No one knows exactly what causes endometriosis. But researchers have several theories as to why the condition *might* be wreaking havoc on your bod. […] Several studies have suggested endometriosis might be hereditary since it pops up in families. If your mom, sister, or aunt has endo, it could be in your gene pool. […] This theory proposes that endo might start up while you’re in the womb. The idea is that cell tissue can get misplaced in response to puberty hormones while you’re just hanging out in utero. […] While this is super rare, it’s possible to get endometriosis after a cesarean delivery or a hysterectomy. These types of surgeries might allow endometrial cells to attach to scar tissue and spread to other parts of your body. […] Hypothyroidism, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis have been linked to endometriosis. This connection hasn’t been totally explained, but researchers think the inflammation caused by endo might trigger an immune system response.

• #66 What Causes Endometriosis? – Your Period

  https://www.yourperiod.ca/endometriosis2/what-causes-endometriosis/

  Immune dysfunction, where the immune system is not able to fight off endometriosis. Since many people with endometriosis are more likely to have other conditions (e.g., migraines, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety, and Lupus), it is believed that people with endometriosis may have a reduced immunity. However, it is not known if this causes endometriosis or is a result of endometriosis. […] Anatomy, such as a tilted uterus or having a uterus and vagina that are shaped in a way that the menstrual flow is blocked. […] Environmental factors, such as toxins in the water and lived environment, may disrupt hormonal regulation and contribute to endometriosis. […] The development of endometriosis is not fully explained by any of these theories, but a combination of these theories is what scientists and physicians use to try to understand the cause of endometriosis and how it forms and spreads.

• #67 What Causes Endometriosis? – Your Period

  https://www.yourperiod.ca/endometriosis2/what-causes-endometriosis/

  Immune dysfunction, where the immune system is not able to fight off endometriosis. Since many people with endometriosis are more likely to have other conditions (e.g., migraines, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety, and Lupus), it is believed that people with endometriosis may have a reduced immunity. However, it is not known if this causes endometriosis or is a result of endometriosis. […] Anatomy, such as a tilted uterus or having a uterus and vagina that are shaped in a way that the menstrual flow is blocked. […] Environmental factors, such as toxins in the water and lived environment, may disrupt hormonal regulation and contribute to endometriosis. […] The development of endometriosis is not fully explained by any of these theories, but a combination of these theories is what scientists and physicians use to try to understand the cause of endometriosis and how it forms and spreads.

• #68 5 Common Root Causes Of Endometriosis And How To Treat Them

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-endometriosis

  Endometriosis has long been thought of as an estrogen-dominant condition. However, further research shows that endometriosis first leads to progesterone resistance. […] Some other research is looking at the immune systems role in endometriosis. […] Another association that research has discovered is the connection between the gut microbiome and endometriosis, which concluded that there is a significant difference between the gut microbiome of women with endometriosis and those without. […] Studies also show that endometriosis tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component as well to this condition. […] Phthalates are chemicals found in our environment and are known as endocrine disruptors, meaning they can have a direct influence on hormones.

• #69 What Causes Endometriosis? Genetics, Immune System, Menstruation

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/endometriosis-causes-7111697

  The hormone estrogen seems to contribute to the inflammation, tissue growth, and pain associated with endometriosis. […] Research is looking into the possibility of endometriosis being an autoimmune disease. Some studies suggest that it may be caused by a combination of retrograde menstruation and an immune response. […] To date, there is still no fully supported or understood theory for what causes endometriosis.

• #70 Endometriosis: Causes, How Pain Feels, and Diagnosis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/endometriosis-7484890

  Other theories include genetics and epigenetics, immune system dysfunction, involvement of hormones, oxidative stress, stem cells, direct transplantation, and more. […] Researchers and medical professionals don’t unanimously agree on one theory. Some believe that there is more than one cause of endometriosis, which could explain the different presentations and subtypes of the disease.

• #71 Current Knowledge On Endometriosis Etiology: A Systematic Review | Gynecologic Oncology Institute | Robotic Surgery | Integrative Healing

  https://www.gynecologiconcologyinstitute.org/news/endometriosis/endometriosis-news/endometriosis-causes-a-review/

  Overall, the review concludes that endometriosis is a complex and multifactorial condition, with various factors potentially contributing to its development. […] A better understanding of its etiology will lead to earlier diagnosis and improved treatments. […] Therefore, multidisciplinary research efforts are needed to uncover the underlying causes of endometriosis and develop more effective treatments.

• #72 Endometriosis < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/endometriosis/

  Researchers currently think that most cases of endometriosis result from what they call retrograde menstruation. […] The pain of the disease may be caused by several different mechanisms. […] New research is revealing that endometriosis is not just a gynecologic disease, but rather a widespread inflammatory disorder. […] Studies on twins show that genetic factors account for approximately 50% of a woman’s risk of developing endometriosis. […] We believe endometriosis is polygenic with multiple genes that all have a net contribution. […] Furthermore, studying the genetics of endometriosis may also help researchers better understand its association with comorbid conditions. […] Endometriosis typically begins to manifest as extremely painful periods. […] New research is now revealing that endometriosis causes more health challenges than initially thought.

• #73 Endometriosis Is More Than Just ‘Painful Periods’ > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/endometriosis-is-more-than-painful-periods

  Even though endometriosis affects an estimated 10% of reproductive-age women in the United States and can cause increasing, debilitating pain each menstrual cycle, as well as infertility, it is often misdiagnosed and misunderstood. […] Part of the problem is that endometriosis is not a straightforward disease; researchers are learning how it can involve multiple organs and occur across the entire body. […] Over the past decade, research has shown that endometriosis may be a chronic, systemic disease that affects the entire body and not just a single organ or body part. […] Endometriosis causes a vast number of symptoms in multiple organs that can mimic other disease processes. […] This, Dr. Taylor says, stems from a lack of awareness in the medical community and among the public. […] Endometriosis is a progressive disease. […] Cyclic pain that is progressive over time is almost always endometriosis. […] Ultimately, Dr. Taylor says he hopes the medical community begins to see the bigger picture regarding endometriosis.

• #74 Endometriosis < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/endometriosis/

  Physicians used to say that being thin was a risk factor for developing endometriosis, but his lab was the first to prove by using mouse models that the disease caused mice to be thinner, not the other way around. […] Unfortunately, women spend years seeing doctor after doctor for their symptoms, and often, they are dismissed or initially misdiagnosed. […] The debilitating pain can change their life trajectory. […] The majority of available treatments for endometriosis today are hormonal therapies. […] Another treatment is a GnRH agonist called leuprolide acetate (Lupron). […] Taylor and his team are working hard in the lab to improve the diagnosis of endometriosis, including developing a diagnostic blood test that looks for molecular biomarkers of the disorder. […] As researchers continue to learn more about the molecular biology and pathophysiology of endometriosis, Taylor also hopes to see more treatment options beyond hormonal medications. […] The more we understand and embrace that complexity, the sooner we’re going to get to better therapies that treat the entire disease.

• #75 Global study shows the experience of Endometriosis is rooted in genetics | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-03-14-global-study-shows-experience-endometriosis-rooted-genetics

  These findings open up the possibility of designing new pain-focussed non-hormonal treatments, or repurposing existing pain treatments, for endometriosis. […] It has provided a wealth of new knowledge on the genetics underlying endometriosis, which will help the research community in their efforts to come up with new treatments and possibly new ways of diagnosing the disease benefiting millions of women worldwide.

• #76 When Endometriosis Causes Mental Illness | Think Global Health

  https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/when-endometriosis-causes-mental-illness

  Endometriosis affects 10% of women during their reproductive years. It results when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This tissue responds to menstrual cycle hormones, leading to pain. Symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, painful urination, and bowel movements, along with depression and anxiety. […] A research paper published in 2025 identifies several factors influencing the mental health of endometriosis patients: fear of infertility and uncertainty about relationships, chronic pelvic pain that limits daily activities, and sexual dysfunction. The researchers emphasize that the widespread comorbidities of this disease require increased awareness among all medical specialties, not just gynecologists. […] Giustina emphasizes that despite substantial evidence linking psychiatric conditions to endometriosis, health systems fail to train clinicians to recognize these connections. This knowledge gap contributes to prolonged diagnostic delays because practitioners often miss the relationship between mental health symptoms and the underlying condition. „Many women experience anxiety and depressive symptoms but they don’t know why it could be related to the endometriosis,” she says.

• #77 Current Knowledge On Endometriosis Etiology: A Systematic Review | Gynecologic Oncology Institute | Robotic Surgery | Integrative Healing

  https://www.gynecologiconcologyinstitute.org/news/endometriosis/endometriosis-news/endometriosis-causes-a-review/

  Overall, the review concludes that endometriosis is a complex and multifactorial condition, with various factors potentially contributing to its development. […] A better understanding of its etiology will lead to earlier diagnosis and improved treatments. […] Therefore, multidisciplinary research efforts are needed to uncover the underlying causes of endometriosis and develop more effective treatments.

• #78 Endometriosis: how the condition may be linked to the immune system

  https://theconversation.com/endometriosis-how-the-condition-may-be-linked-to-the-immune-system-203305

  While its currently not known how precisely the immune system is linked with endometriosis (and whether it causes the disease), working to further understand this relationship could be key in helping develop better treatments or possibly even a cure for endometriosis. […] Its clear that greater priority needs to be placed into researching endometriosis and its causes to help provide new insights and better treatment for the millions of women affected.

• #79 Endometriosis: Etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34048704/

  Endometriosis is a common condition associated with infertility that causes chronic pain in many, but not all, women. It is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Although the cause and natural history of the disorder remain uncertain, hormonal, neurological, and immunological factors are all implicated in the mechanisms contributing to development of symptoms. […] Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the etiology of endometriosis, discuss current diagnostic and treatment strategies, highlight current clinical trials, and consider how recent results offer new avenues for the identification of endometriosis biomarkers and the development of effective non-surgical therapies that are fertility-sparing.

• #80 The Etiology of Endometriosis | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-3–endometriosis–the-etiology-of-endometriosis/id/417633

  Endometriosis is a chronic and (currently) incurable inflammatory disorder defined by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus as lesions. […] Currently, the etiology of endometriosis is not clearly defined. Instead, multiple origins have been proposed (which may give rise to different subtypes), and it is acknowledged that endometriosis is multifactorial in nature, with a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its development. […] In summary, multiple origins of endometriosis have been proposed and it is extremely likely that not all endometriosis has a common origin. By definition, endometriosis is the presence of endometrial-like cells that occur ectopically (via one or several of the proposed origins) and persist due to a combination of factors. The contribution of factors that potentiate the development of endometriosis is likely different in each case, ultimately leading to the multitude of presentations and disease heterogeneity that is consistently observed.

• #81 Current Knowledge On Endometriosis Etiology: A Systematic Review | Gynecologic Oncology Institute | Robotic Surgery | Integrative Healing

  https://www.gynecologiconcologyinstitute.org/news/endometriosis/endometriosis-news/endometriosis-causes-a-review/

  Overall, the review concludes that endometriosis is a complex and multifactorial condition, with various factors potentially contributing to its development. […] A better understanding of its etiology will lead to earlier diagnosis and improved treatments. […] Therefore, multidisciplinary research efforts are needed to uncover the underlying causes of endometriosis and develop more effective treatments.

• #82 Endometriosis: Etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34048704/

  Endometriosis is a common condition associated with infertility that causes chronic pain in many, but not all, women. It is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Although the cause and natural history of the disorder remain uncertain, hormonal, neurological, and immunological factors are all implicated in the mechanisms contributing to development of symptoms. […] Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the etiology of endometriosis, discuss current diagnostic and treatment strategies, highlight current clinical trials, and consider how recent results offer new avenues for the identification of endometriosis biomarkers and the development of effective non-surgical therapies that are fertility-sparing.

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