Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dermatographia (Dermatographism): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17793-dermatographism-dermatographia

  Dermatographia is a skin condition that causes raised marks. Scratching, rubbing and pressure cause the reaction. It usually goes away within 30 minutes without treatment. Other names for dermatographia include dermatographism and skin writing. […] Dermatographia is a common, benign (not harmful) skin condition. It causes you to develop raised marks (wheals) or a reaction similar to hives when you scratch your skin. Pressure or rubbing (friction) may also cause a reaction. […] Dermatographism, dermatographic urticaria and skin writing are other names for dermatographia. […] Dermatographia can affect anyone. However, you may be more likely to have dermatographia if: […] Dermatographia is common. It affects about 2% to 5% of the general population. […] Dermatographia welts dont hurt, but they can be itchy. However, you may feel self-conscious or uncomfortable until it fades, usually after about 30 minutes.

• #2 Dermatographism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531496/

  Dermatographism, also known as dermographism urticaria or urticaria factitia, is a urticarial eruption upon pressure or trauma to the skin. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of dermatographism and the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care and enhance patient outcomes. […] Prevention and avoidance of precipitating factors such as physical stimuli and decreasing stressors are important factors in controlling dermatographism. […] Most patients are asymptomatic, and therapy should be restricted to symptomatic patients. […] Omalizumab is under consideration in research trials focusing on treating dermatographism with 72% efficacy on 150 mg and 58% efficacy on 300 mg. […] Dermatographism is a benign condition. […] Dermatographism has no direct complications.

• #3 Dermographism Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050294-overview

  Dermographism urticaria is the most common subtype of chronic inducible urticaria. The term dermographism (or dermatographism) literally means writing on the skin. Firm stroking, scratching, scrubbing or rubbing of the skin produces an initial red line (capillary dilatation), followed by an axon-reflex flare with broadening erythema (arteriolar dilatation) and the formation of a linear wheal (transudation of fluid/edema); these events are collectively termed the triple response of Lewis. […] An exaggerated response to this constitutional whealing tendency is seen in approximately 2-5% of the population and is referred to as dermographism. In a minority of people, it is accompanied by itching (symptomatic dermographism). […] Dermographism should be distinguished from other types of urticaria.

• #4 Dermatographia (Dermatographism) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371411

  Dermatographia is a condition in which lightly scratching your skin causes raised, inflamed lines where you’ve scratched. Though not serious, it can be uncomfortable. […] Dermatographia is harmless. Most people who have this condition don’t need treatment. If your symptoms bother you, talk with your health care provider, who might prescribe an allergy medicine. […] See your health care provider if your symptoms bother you. […] Try these tips to reduce discomfort and prevent the symptoms of dermatographia: Treat skin gently. Use a mild soap or nonsoap cleanser and pat skin dry. Wear things made of cloth that doesn’t itch. Use warm water when you take a bath or shower. […] Don’t scratch your skin. Try not to scratch. This is a good tip for any skin condition. […] Keep your skin moisturized. Use creams, lotions or ointments daily. Creams and ointments are thicker and tend to work better than lotions do. Apply your skin product while your skin is still damp from washing. Use it again during the day as needed.

• #5 Dermatographia (Dermatographism): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17793-dermatographism-dermatographia

  Symptoms of dermatographia are generally mild. They usually go away within 30 minutes. […] If your dermatographia is more severe and lasts longer than 30 minutes, treatment options include: […] Severe dermatographia that doesnt respond to the above therapies may be treated with a prescription biologic therapy, which is injected. […] Decreasing your stress can also help you get rid of dermatographia. Relaxation activities such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, breathing exercises and muscle relaxation can help decrease your stress and prevent dermatographia. […] Generally, dermatographia leaves no lasting marks, causing only minor, short-lived irritation and symptoms. The condition may last anywhere from months to years, or you may have it throughout your life. […] If you have dermatographia, it can generally be well-managed with good skin care and treatment. It usually goes away within 30 minutes, and it isnt dangerous. Most people dont see their healthcare provider for treatment.

• #6 The Basics of Dermatographia: Personal Story Becomes Journey to Learning

  https://www.medreport.foundation/post/the-basics-of-dermatographia-personal-story-becomes-journey-to-learning

  When I was newly pregnant with my first child, the areas of adult and perinatal health were not new realms. […] Dermatographia is not pregnancy-related for most people; in fact, it may be present in 2-5% of the general population. […] Dermatographia often presents with the following symptoms: Red or discolored lines on the skin, Swelling/inflammation, Hive-like welts, In less common cases, itching, stinging, or prickling. […] Dermatographia is the most common of a group of hives-related disorders called physical urticaria. […] The symptoms of dermatographia typically go away on their own within 15-30 minutes, though sometimes longer. […] Most dermatographia cases have a mild presentation. However, with more significant symptoms lasting longer than 30 minutes, or accompanied by bothersome pruritus (itching), the following remedies may help: H-1 antihistamine medications (such as cetirizine, loratadine, hydroxyzine, or diphenhydramine), Cromolyn, Light therapy, Steroids, Moisturizers.

• #7 Dermatographia (Dermatographism) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/dermatographia-dermatographism

  Dermatographia is a condition in which lightly scratching your skin causes raised, inflamed lines or welts. These marks tend to go away in less than 30 minutes. The condition is also known as dermatographism and skin writing. […] Dermatographia is harmless. Most people who have this condition don’t need treatment. If your symptoms bother you, talk with your health care provider, who might prescribe an allergy medicine. […] Symptoms of dermatographia may include: Raised, inflamed lines where you scratched. Welts from friction. Swelling. Itching. […] The exact cause of dermatographia isn’t clear. It may be an allergic reaction, though no specific allergen has been found. […] Dermatographia can occur at any age. It tends to be more common in teens and young adults. If you have other skin conditions, you may be at greater risk. One such condition is atopic dermatitis (eczema). […] Treatment for dermatographia often isn’t needed, as symptoms tend to clear up on their own. But if your symptoms are bad or bother you, your health care provider may suggest a mild antihistamine medicine taken by mouth.

• #8 Dermatographia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dermatographia

  Dermatographia refers to a condition in which seemingly minor scratches turn into temporary but significant reactions. This condition is also called dermographism or dermatographic urticaria. It is also sometimes called skin writing. Approximately 5 percent of people have this condition, and its most common in older children and younger adults. […] Dermatographia is most often treated with antihistamines to reduce itchiness and overall discomfort. Theres no cure for this condition, although the symptoms dont last long. Rare cases require more in-depth medical treatment from a dermatologist. […] Symptoms are typically treated with over-the-counter medications, though alternative remedies may also help. […] Over-the-counter allergy medications can help treat dermatographia symptoms. Examples include diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and cetirizine (Zyrtec), both of which may cause drowsiness.

• #9 Dermatograpia: What to Know About Skin Writing

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-dermatographia

  Dermatographia, also called skin writing, is a condition that causes an allergic reaction when skin is scratched. This reaction looks like hives or welts. It may even happen when the skin is rubbed when pressure is applied. […] Symptoms of dermatographia can be triggered by simple things or actions. Your clothing or bedsheets rubbing against your skin can cause a reaction. Pressure from leaning or resting on a hard surface can also trigger the hives. […] Your doctor can diagnose dermatographia with a simple test. They use a tongue depressor or other tool to gently stroke your skin, drawing lines. They watch for welts to show up within a couple of minutes. […] Theres no cure for dermatographia. And because the symptoms usually go away very quickly, you probably dont need treatment. But some people may find their hives are very itchy or bothersome.

• #10 Dermatographia – dermascope

  https://www.dermascope.com/dermatographia/

  A client with dermatographia is hypersensitized to either touch, certain chemicals, heat, cold and pressure, a combination, or all of the above. […] The client may receive a slight scratch, which develops into a red, raised mark on the skin produced from the release of histamines. The mark usually dissipates within half an hour unless an irritant is causing the client to continue to scratch their skin. […] Individuals can avoid outbreaks by refraining from any known triggers, which include the following: Rubbing or pressure on the skin, Any irritant that causes itching, Heat (hot showers or the sauna), Stress, Forms of exercise that involve skin rubbing (wrestling can be one example), Dry weather, Infection, Certain medications including penicillin. […] Because itchiness is triggered by histamine release, antihistamines are often suggested to suppress the itching. Common antihistamine medications include Benadryl, Allegra, Zyrtec, or Xyzal.

• #11 How to Get Rid of Dermatographia Skin Disorder – Manipal blog

  https://www.manipalhospitals.com/blog/how-to-get-rid-of-dermatographia-skin-disorder/

  To prevent the symptoms and reduce the discomfort of dermatographia, consider the following preventive measures and lifestyle changes: Avoid itchy bedding and clothes. Synthetic and wool materials are common skin irritants Take cold or lukewarm showers. Moisturize your skin daily. Use a moisturizing cream or lotion after you take a shower for best results. Use fragrance-free soaps. The dyes and chemicals used in soaps with fragrance can make your skin itchy. Manage your stress. Adequate sleep, exercise, and medication can reduce stress. Use a humidifier during dry, cold months. Avoid scratching your skin whenever possible.

• #12 Dermographism Urticaria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050294-overview

  Symptomatic dermographism is usually idiopathic, though it may have an immunologic basis in some patients. […] Approximately 75% of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome, which has multisystem involvement and high mortality, have dermographism. […] The natural history of symptomatic dermographism is unpredictable. It may last for months or years, or be present intermittently. In many patients, the condition gradually improves and clears after several years. […] Reassure patients about the benign nature of the disorder, and inform them of the possible prolonged course. Explain the adverse effects of antihistamine therapy. In particular, warn patients about drowsiness, which is especially problematic when they are driving or handling machinery.

• #13 Dermatographia (Dermatographism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371415

  To test if you have dermatographia, your health care provider may draw a tongue depressor across the skin of your arm or back. If a raised line or a welt appears within a few minutes, you likely have the condition. […] Treatment for dermatographia often isn’t needed, as symptoms tend to clear up on their own. But if your symptoms are bad or bother you, your health care provider may suggest a mild antihistamine medicine taken by mouth. […] You’re likely to start by seeing your primary care provider. Or you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in skin conditions. This type of doctor is called a dermatologist. Or you might need to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. This type of doctor is called an allergist. […] At the time you make the appointment, ask if you need to do anything. For example, you may be asked to stop taking your antihistamine pill for a few days before your appointment.

• #14 Dermographism

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/dermographism

  Dermographism is an exaggerated weal and flare response that occurs within minutes of the skin being stroked or scratched. Dermographism is the most common form of physical or chronic inducible urticaria. It is also called dermatographia and dermographic urticaria. […] Most people with dermographism are otherwise healthy. Dermographism can be seen in association with scabies and some medications. […] Dermographism is a clinical diagnosis elicited using a sufficiently firm stroke of the skin usually across the back and waiting several minutes for the reaction to develop. […] A skin biopsy is rarely required except occasionally to distinguish dermographism from mastocytosis. […] Dermographism can last for months or years, with idiopathic symptomatic dermographism typically persisting on average for 6 years. Red dermographism can improve within 6 months. Dermographism associated with a recognised trigger such as scabies lasts only days to weeks. Spontaneous resolution is common.

• #15 Dermatographia (Dermatographism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371415

  Your health care provider is likely to ask you a few questions, including: When did you begin experiencing symptoms? Were you sick right before your symptoms started? Did you start taking a new medicine right before your symptoms started? Have your symptoms been nonstop? Or do they come and go? How bad are your symptoms? Do your symptoms get in the way of your daily activities? Do you have allergies? If so, what are you allergic to? Do you have dry skin or any other skin conditions? Does anything improve your symptoms? Does anything make your symptoms worse?

• #16

  https://journals.lww.com/ijpd/fulltext/2018/19020/white_dermographism.28.aspx

  Ans – On stroking the skin of atopic individuals, the rubbed area becomes erythematous, but the erythema is replaced in 10-15 seconds by pallor, which may persist for 60 seconds or more. This phenomenon is called 'white dermographism’ and is considered an abnormal vascular response in patients with atopic dermatitis. […] White dermographism is considered as constitutional stigmata of atopic dermatitis. Although it is one of the minor diagnostic criteria according to Hanifin and Rajka, most of the studies have failed to find any statistical significance between its prevalence and atopic dermatitis. […] It is often the first sign to appear in the initial stages of atopic dermatitis, and it is the last to disappear when the skin is returning to normal. […] Although it is known to appear more commonly in atopic dermatitis, it is not specific and is also seen to occur in infiltrative chronic inflammatory conditions, such as, disseminated neurodermatitis, psoriatic erythroderma, mycosis fungoides of the infiltrative type, and lymphoma associated erythroderma.

• #17 Dermographism Urticaria Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050294-treatment

  Dermographism can be distressing but is not life threatening. Patients with simple dermographism are asymptomatic and require no therapy. Patients with symptomatic dermographism should be treated until the problem is adequately controlled or resolved. […] Recognition of the problem, avoidance of precipitating physical stimuli, reduction of stress and anxiety are important factors in medical care. In addition, scratching because of dry skin can be reduced through good skin care and the use of emollients. […] H1 antihistamines are the drugs of choice; however, higher-than-standard doses (up to 4-fold) are often required to achieve symptom control. In some patients, a combination of 2 antihistamines may be required. Sedating antihistamines such as hydroxyzine can be helpful. Regular treatment may have to be continued for several months.

• #18 Dermatographia: Symptoms, Causes and Ayurvedic Treatment – VIMS

  https://vims.ac.in/vims-hospital/dermatographia-symptoms-causes-and-ayurvedic-treatment/

  Dermatographia, a benign condition, seldom governs treatment until it is symptomatic. […] Symptomatic dermatographia requires medical attention due to its presentations. It is mostly treated with antihistamines. H1 antihistamines like cetirizine, loratadine are the drugs of choice, and H2 antihistamines like diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine are combined in required cases. Omalizumab has also been considered for treatment and is under research for its efficacy. […] Apart from major pharmacological therapy, prevention and avoidance of aggravating factors such as physical stimuli play a major role in controlling this condition. Good skincare and use of emollients can reduce dry skin thereby aggravating dermographia due to scratching. […] Ayurveda, the ancient medicine system of India under the broad heading of twak vikara encompasses many dermatological conditions. […] Although not life-threatening, dermatographism is a distressing condition. Asymptomatic dermographism requires no treatment but symptomatic dermographism should be treated till the condition is controlled or resolved.

• #19 Dermographism Urticaria Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050294-treatment

  Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin E (IgE), has been successfully used in patients with physical urticaria, including symptomatic dermographism. […] Adverse events appear generally low, with omalizumab being well tolerated by most patients, including children. Some patients have reported complete symptom resolution within days after the first injection. […] Reinitiation of omalizumab treatment after relapse of disease appears to result in rapid and complete symptom control again after the first injection within the first 4 weeks, and no relevant adverse effects have been reported. […] Narrowband ultraviolet (UV)-B phototherapy and oral psoralen plus UV-A light therapy have both been used as treatments for symptomatic dermographism. Subjective relief of pruritus and whealing and objective reduction of wheals have been reported. […] Physical exercise can positively impact disease activity in patients with symptomatic dermographism.

• #20 Dermatographia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dermatographia

  In severe cases, a doctor may recommend phototherapy. This is a type of outpatient radiation therapy designed specifically for skin disorders. […] Stress management may also reduce the risk of dermatographic flare-ups. Yoga and meditation use deep breathing exercises that can decrease stress. Regular exercise can also boost feel-good endorphins in the brain that can, in turn, prevent stress before it happens. […] If your symptoms dont respond well to over-the-counter drugs or remedies, see a dermatologist for help. They specialize in diseases of the skin and may recommend prescription medications or ointments that can offer relief. […] Despite the discomfort dermatographia may cause, the negative reactions may be preventable. Consider the following lifestyle changes and preventive measures you can take: Avoid itchy clothes and bedding. Wool and synthetic materials are common skin irritants. Use soaps without fragrance. These added chemicals and dyes can make your skin itchy. Take cool or lukewarm showers. Use a humidifier during cool, dry months. Moisturize your skin daily. For best results, use a moisturizing lotion or cream within a few minutes of bathing. Avoid scratching your skin if possible. Treating itchy skin can help avoid scratches. Manage your stress. Exercise, adequate sleep, and meditation can alleviate stress.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/jpat/fulltext/2006/10010/oral_manifestations_of_dermographism.11.aspx

  Dermographism is a type of physical urticaria, which literally means writing on skin. Dermographism may be defined as 'the appearance of a linear wheal at the site of brisk stroke with a firm object or by any configuration appropriate to the eliciting event’. […] This article reports a patient with dermographism who was seen having exaggerated and peculiarly increased sensitivity of oral tissues to minor pressure. […] Oral examination revealed highly sensitive oral tissues. This had adversely affected his oral hygiene procedures. While managing such patients, it is important to reduce the oral symptoms so as to enable the patient to carry out routine oral care. […] Recognition of this benign disorder and reassurance is important in handling the condition. Treat dermographism symptomatically until the problem is adequately controlled or resolved. Careful attention has to be paid while managing these patients due to increased prevalence of allergic responses that are seen and due to increased sensitivity of oral and dermal tissues.

• #22 Dermatographia (Dermatographism): What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17793-dermatographism-dermatographia

  See your healthcare provider if your dermatographia doesnt go away within an hour, it appears with other symptoms or is painful. […] Dermatographia is annoying, especially if its itchy, and it may even be embarrassing. However, its common and very normal, and it usually doesnt affect your quality of life. With a proper skin care routine, stress management and treatment, you can reduce its impact.

• #23 Dermatographism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/n/statpearls/article-20387/

  Dermatographism is a benign condition. In a minority of cases, pruritus can accompany the condition. Compared to the other chronic urticarias, symptomatic dermatographism displays the most expedited clearance of the condition after 5 years (36%) and 10 years (51%). […] Dermatographism can be unsettling in its laborious course without resolve. However, the condition is benign, and patients must know this. The treatment involved, antihistamines, can result in drowsiness; therefore, it is best to advise the patient not to take the medication before operating a vehicle. […] Dermatographism is a benign yet startling lesion to most patients and their parents. Thus, it is imperative to educate the patient and their parents properly on the risk factors associated with the onset of dermatographism to avoid such stressors. To properly educate, targeting the audience in a team-based approach is ideal.

• #24 Dermatographism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/n/statpearls/article-20387/

  Dermatographism, also known as dermographism urticaria or urticaria factitia, is a urticarial eruption upon pressure or trauma to the skin. The literal meaning is „to write on the skin.” Downward pressure on the skin produces a linear wheal in the shape of the applied external force. Dermatographism is the most common type of inducible/physical urticaria, occurring in approximately 2% to 5% of the population. A small subset of those with dermatographism becomes symptomatic with pruritus along with the erythematous wheals. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of dermatographism and the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care and enhance patient outcomes. […] Prevention and avoidance of precipitating factors such as physical stimuli and decreasing stressors are important factors in controlling dermatographism. Most patients are asymptomatic, and therapy should be restricted to symptomatic patients.

• #25 Dermatographia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/dermatographia

  Dermatographia is a common, usually harmless, skin condition. People with dermatographia develop raised marks or welts on their skin when they scratch, rub, or apply pressure to their skin. […] Dermatographia is also known as dermatographism, urticaria dermographia, or urticaria factitial. The literal meaning of dermatographia is “to write on the skin.” […] Dermatographia does not usually need treatment. The following steps can help to ease your symptoms: Decrease your stress with light exercise, walking in nature, and mindfulness or breathing exercises. Remove physical stimuli such as pressure due to tight clothing and itchy materials such as wool. Bathe in lukewarm water, use mild soaps, and pat your skin dry instead of rubbing it. Apply moisturizers to the affected areas. […] If your symptoms persist, antihistamines, such as cetirizine or loratadine, can help manage itchiness. Antihistamines typically start taking effect in about 30 minutes. You can take hydroxyzine, a sedating antihistamine, before sleep. Ultraviolet B radiation may be effective for people unresponsive to antihistamines.

• #26 Dermatographia – dermascope

  https://www.dermascope.com/dermatographia/

  Moisturizers intended for dry skin with anti-itch ingredients like hydrocortisone or bisabolol are also used. […] It is important to drink adequate amounts of water to keep the skin hydrated. […] Here are a few tips to make life with dermatographia a bit more tolerable. Individuals should eat a healthy diet avoiding alcohol, dairy, caffeine, and sugar; and incorporating fruits, vegetables, and foods high in the omegas, like avocado and salmon, that boost immune system health. Avoiding hot showers is recommended. Loose-fitting clothes are beneficial. […] Cortisol and stress are linked to dermatographia. Cortisol is an anti-inflammatory hormone released by the adrenal glands. […] Help your clients by becoming an intellectual sponge, absorbing all the information that you can to perform an effective skin analysis, and when necessary, referring them to the appropriate professional to receive a diagnosis and treatment for their skin concern(s).

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