Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vascular dementia: prevention and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2695177/

  Prevention aims to reduce the disease by eliminating its cause or main risk factors, particularly hypertension as well as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, smoking, lipid abnormalities, and hyperhomocystinemia. […] Primary prevention aims to reduce the incidence of VaD by early detection and optimum treatment of known vascular factors for CVD and stroke. […] Targeting high risk groups (elderly patients, patients with hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, past transient ischemic attack or stroke, hypercholesterolemia, and smokers) affords the best chance of minimizing dementia in the population. […] Epidemiological data shows that hypertension is one of the most potent risk factors for VaD and it has been shown that control of hypertension can decrease the risk of VaD.

• #1 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  Dementia is a common and debilitating syndrome with enormous impact on individuals and societies. Preventing disease onset or progression would translate to public health and societal benefits. […] Overall, there is currently limited evidence to support a cause-effect relationship between any preventive strategy and the development or progression of dementia. However, studies to date suggest that a multifactorial intervention comprising regular exercise and healthy diet, along with the amelioration of vascular risk factors, psychosocial stress, and major depressive episodes may be most promising for the prevention of cognitive decline. […] The relationship of antihypertensive treatment and risk for dementia has been examined by both observational studies and RCTs. A recent systematic review found that antihypertensive medications may result in 19-55% reduced risk of cognitive decline, vascular dementia, and AD.

• #1 Vascular dementia: prevention and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2695177/

  With regards to diabetes and the risk for VaD, Luchsinger and colleagues (2001) have shown that in a population of elderly subjects followed up for an average of 4.6 years, those with diabetes were over three times more likely to experience stroke-associated dementia. […] In secondary prevention, the target is stroke management and prevention of recurrent stroke. […] The active treatment group received the long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril combined with the diuretic indapamide. […] Other less studied strategies for prevention of VaD focus on prompt stroke diagnosis and treatment and good after care.

• #1 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  Nonetheless, the effect of antihypertensive treatment on dementia risk is weaker when considering only RCTs, suggesting the presence of confounding factors. […] A previous meta-analysis concluded that antihypertensive treatment could only decrease the risk of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer dementia or cognitive decline. […] Among the classes of antihypertensive medications, the strongest effect has been observed for modulators of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may decrease the risk for cognitive decline and dementia and slow conversion of MCI to dementia. […] Supporting this hypothesis, polymorphisms of RAS genes were associated with hippocampal volume loss and longitudinal decline in the episodic memory performance of older adults. […] Studies have also examined the potential role of interventions for dyslipidemia, but there is currently limited evidence to support their role in dementia prevention.

• #1 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  Lastly, studies have examined the potential to prevent dementia by treating diabetes mellitus. […] Notably, diabetes may confer greater risk for vascular dementia in women than in men, suggesting that vascular risk factors for dementia may have sex-specific effects. […] The role of pharmacological and nonpharmacological antidepressant strategies in preventing dementia onset and progression warrants further examination by future studies. […] The negative impact of chronic and perceived stress on cognition suggests that interventions aiming at controlling stress levels may be beneficial for dementia prevention. […] Regular meditation may improve cognitive function of healthy individuals. […] Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggests that long-term meditation may delay age-related decline of several cognitive functions and improve some neuropsychological outcomes in subjects with MCI.

• #1 Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two larg

  https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01017-4

  Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimers disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two large cohort studies […] No population-based cohort study investigated a potential inverse association between long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use and all-cause dementia and its two most common sub-types Alzheimers disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) so far. […] The protective potential of low-dose ASA for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD seems to strongly depend on pre-existing CHD and the willingness of patients to take it for a minimum of ten years. […] Moreover, as an anti-thrombotic agent, ASA further helps to reduce cerebrovascular disease, which may also contribute to vascular dementia (VD) prevention.

• #1 Can dementia be prevented – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/about-dementia/prevention/

  However, there’s good evidence that a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing dementia when you’re older. […] A healthy lifestyle can also help prevent cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and heart attacks, which are themselves risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (the 2 most common types of dementia). […] The research concluded that by modifying the risk factors we are able to change, around 4 in 10 cases of dementia could be prevented. […] Experts agree that what’s good for your heart is also good for your brain. This means you can help reduce your risk of dementia by: […] being overweight or living with obesity can increase your blood pressure and the risk of type 2 diabetes, both of which are linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.

• #1 Vascular Dementia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/292105-treatment

  In patients with early cognitive impairment or with neuroimaging findings that demonstrate leukoaraiosis or stroke, secondary prevention can be facilitated by applying standard stroke-preventive therapies such as antiplatelet agents, warfarin, or carotid endarterectomy according to accepted guidelines. […] A study by Vercambre et al examined data from participants in the Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study; the findings revealed a significant difference in the rate of cognitive decline over 5 years (p .003) among elderly women who had physical activity equivalent to daily 30 minutes walk at a brisk pace. Exercise may improve brain vascular health and strengthen the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.

• #1 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  In summary, Mediterranean diet, both alone and in combination with DASH, may be beneficial for the prevention of cognitive decline. Future studies will need to rule out potential confounders and better characterize the mechanisms underlying the role of nutrition in cognitive outcomes. […] Keeping these limitations in mind, studies to date indicate that a multifactorial intervention approach characterized by regular exercise and healthy diet, along with the amelioration of vascular risk factors, psychosocial stress, and major depressive episodes, may be most promising for the prevention of cognitive decline.

• #1 Can dementia be prevented – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/about-dementia/prevention/

  If you are overweight or living with obesity, even losing 5% to 10% of the excess weight can help reduce your risk of dementia. […] a lack of regular physical activity can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, becoming overweight or obese, and type 2 diabetes, which are all linked to a higher risk of dementia. […] drinking excessive amounts of alcohol increases your risk of stroke, heart disease and some cancers, as well as damaging your nervous system, including your brain. […] smoking causes your arteries to become narrower, which can raise your blood pressure. It also increases your risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as several types of cancer. […] having untreated depression increases your risk of developing dementia.

• #1 Can I Prevent Dementia?

  https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/can-i-prevent-dementia

  As you age, you may have concerns about the increased risk of dementia. […] There are currently no approaches that have been proven to prevent Alzheimers disease and related dementias. However, as with many other diseases, there may be steps you can take to help reduce your risk. […] For Alzheimers and related dementias, no behavior or lifestyle factors have risen to the level of researchers being able to say: This will definitely prevent these diseases. But there are promising avenues. […] Although there is no effective treatment or proven prevention for Alzheimers and related dementias, in general, leading a healthy lifestyle may help address risk factors that have been associated with these diseases. […] High blood pressure, or hypertension, has harmful effects on the heart, blood vessels, and brain, and increases the risk of stroke and vascular dementia. Treating high blood pressure with medication and healthy lifestyle changes, such as exercising and quitting smoking, may help reduce the risk of dementia. […] Researchers cannot say for certain whether making the above lifestyle changes will protect against dementia, but these changes are good for your health and are all part of making healthy choices as you age. […] More research is needed to find ways to help prevent Alzheimers and related dementias.

• #1 Sildenafil (‘Viagra’) improves brain blood flow and could help to prevent dementia | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-06-07-sildenafil-viagra-improves-brain-blood-flow-and-could-help-prevent-dementia

  A new trial conducted by the University of Oxford reveals that sildenafil, commonly known as Viagra, enhances blood flow to the brain and improves the function of brain blood vessels in patients at a heightened risk of vascular dementia. […] This demonstrates the potential of this well-tolerated, widely-available drug to prevent dementia, which needs testing in larger trials. […] The significance of this research lies in its potential to transform the treatment and prevention of vascular dementia, which currently lacks specific therapies. […] Looking ahead, the next steps involve larger-scale trials to confirm these findings and explore sildenafil’s potential in preventing vascular dementia on a broader scale. […] Professor Webb’s findings are very encouraging and highlight the potential for preventing vascular dementia using existing drugs that target the underlying reduction in flow in the small blood vessels in the brain.

• #1 Prevention of dementia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_dementia

  Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia, and thus the risk of dementia is lowered with anti-diabetic drugs. […] Estrogen may play a role in the prevention of dementia. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

• #1 Vascular Dementia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22216-vascular-dementia

  Vascular dementia results from conditions that damage blood vessels and block blood flow to your brain. Many of these conditions, like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, are manageable or even preventable. Theres no direct treatment or cure for vascular dementia, so managing these risk factors is crucial to prevent it from becoming more severe. […] You cant change some of the risk factors for the condition, like your age or genetics. But you can manage many other risk factors for the condition to try to prevent it mainly those that damage your blood vessels. Steps you can take include: Keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar (glucose) levels within a healthy range. Youll need to work closely with your healthcare provider to do this. […] Vascular dementia is unique from many other forms of dementia in that its partly preventable. If you have any of these risk factors, talk to your provider about what you can do to manage them.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia

  Studies show that people can reduce their risk of cognitive decline and dementia by being physically active, not smoking, avoiding harmful use of alcohol, controlling their weight, eating a healthy diet, and maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. […] Medicines to control blood pressure and cholesterol can prevent additional damage to the brain due to vascular dementia.

• #1 Vascular Dementia: Reducing Risks with a Brain-Healthy Lifestyle

  https://www.brightfocus.org/resource/vascular-dementia-reducing-risks-with-a-brain-healthy-lifestyle/

  It may be impossible to prevent her further decline to vascular dementia, but its not too late for her to address her medical conditions, exercise appropriately, and watch her diet and weight. With these lifestyle changes, she may be able to optimize her physical and cognitive health and prolong her quality of life.

• #2 About Dementia | Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/about/index.html

  Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia. It accounts for about 5%10% of cases. […] Other conditions that damage blood vessels can also increase a person’s risk of developing vascular dementia. These include diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Nearly 45% of all dementia cases may be prevented or delayed by making healthy lifestyle changes. […] There are many things you can do to reduce your risk, such as being physically active, and controlling your blood pressure.

• #2 Vascular Dementia: Reducing Risks with a Brain-Healthy Lifestyle

  https://www.brightfocus.org/resource/vascular-dementia-reducing-risks-with-a-brain-healthy-lifestyle/

  Lifestyle factors, though, play a critical role in the development and progression of vascular cognitive impairment. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and smoking in mid-life will significantly increase the risk for later dementia. The importance of these factors, fortunately, points toward reasonable steps that we can take in order to reduce risk. […] Medical treatments such as blood pressure medications, statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs), hypoglycemic agents and insulin are all valuable tools for limiting the consequences of established medical disorders. The symptom-reducing medications used in Alzheimers disease are also used in vascular dementiabut its even more important to reduce the risk of vascular cognitive impairment by preventing the development of the known risk factors. Weight control, appropriate physical activity, and a healthy diet are all powerful contributors to better health in later years. Making sure to include even one daily serving of fruits and vegetables in your diet will significantly lower your stroke risk. And it is never too late to benefit from quitting smoking.

• #2 Vascular dementia: prevention and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2695177/

  With regards to diabetes and the risk for VaD, Luchsinger and colleagues (2001) have shown that in a population of elderly subjects followed up for an average of 4.6 years, those with diabetes were over three times more likely to experience stroke-associated dementia. […] In secondary prevention, the target is stroke management and prevention of recurrent stroke. […] The active treatment group received the long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril combined with the diuretic indapamide. […] Other less studied strategies for prevention of VaD focus on prompt stroke diagnosis and treatment and good after care.

• #2 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  Nonetheless, the effect of antihypertensive treatment on dementia risk is weaker when considering only RCTs, suggesting the presence of confounding factors. […] A previous meta-analysis concluded that antihypertensive treatment could only decrease the risk of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer dementia or cognitive decline. […] Among the classes of antihypertensive medications, the strongest effect has been observed for modulators of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may decrease the risk for cognitive decline and dementia and slow conversion of MCI to dementia. […] Supporting this hypothesis, polymorphisms of RAS genes were associated with hippocampal volume loss and longitudinal decline in the episodic memory performance of older adults. […] Studies have also examined the potential role of interventions for dyslipidemia, but there is currently limited evidence to support their role in dementia prevention.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2009/51001/prevention_of_dementia__role_of_vascular_risk.9.aspx

  The Syst-Eur trial included 2410 older people with isolated systolic hypertension. The intervention group had 50% reduced risk of incident dementia over the two-year follow up. […] The hypertension in the very elderly trial (HYVET) included patients with hypertension aged 80 years or older who were followed for two years. […] Randomized controlled trials (RCT) evidence that treatment of vascular risk factor prevents dementia exists for hypertension but not for others. […] Dementia is always a secondary outcome and studies do not specifically focus on population at highest risk of dementia (for example; those with mild cognitive impairment). […] Asymptomatic cerebral emboli may be a novel mechanism of vascular brain damage that warrants further exploration.

• #2 Targeting 14 lifestyle factors may prevent up to 45% of dementia cases | Cognitive Vitality | Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation

  https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/blog/targeting-14-lifestyle-factors-may-prevent-up-to-45-of-dementia-cases

  High LDL cholesterol in midlife is associated with a higher risk of dementia. […] People with depression have a higher risk of dementia than those without depression. […] Depression at all adult ages is associated with higher dementia risk, but the evidence is most clear for midlife depression. […] Traumatic brain injury is associated with a higher dementia risk, possibly leading to earlier onset of dementia by two to three years than in people without traumatic brain injury. […] Being physically active at all ages is associated with better cognition and lower dementia risk. […] In the previous Lancet Commission on dementia in 2020, type 2 diabetes in late life was associated with a higher risk of dementia. […] Newer evidence suggests that the age of onset makes a difference, with a midlife onset of type 2 diabetes being significantly associated with higher dementia risk.

• #2 Prevention of dementia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_dementia

  Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia, and thus the risk of dementia is lowered with anti-diabetic drugs. […] Estrogen may play a role in the prevention of dementia. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

• #2 Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two larg

  https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01017-4

  The strongest protective effect of low-dose ASA was observed in participants with coronary heart disease (CHD) in both cohorts, and a significant interaction was detected. […] In particular, in meta-analysis, a 31% reduction in hazard for AD, 69% for VD and 34% for all-cause dementia were observed (HR [95% CI]: 0.69 [0.59 to 0.80], 0.31 [0.27 to 0.35], 0.46 [0.42 to 0.50], respectively). […] Furthermore, compared to non-users, users of low-dose ASA for 10 years or longer (who likely use it because they have CHD or a related diagnosis putting them at an increased risk for cardiovascular events) demonstrated a strong protective effect on all dementia outcomes, especially for VD (HR [95% CI]: 0.48 [0.42 to 0.56]) whereas no protective associations were observed with shorter low-dose ASA use.

• #2 Can dementia be prevented – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/about-dementia/prevention/

  If you are overweight or living with obesity, even losing 5% to 10% of the excess weight can help reduce your risk of dementia. […] a lack of regular physical activity can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, becoming overweight or obese, and type 2 diabetes, which are all linked to a higher risk of dementia. […] drinking excessive amounts of alcohol increases your risk of stroke, heart disease and some cancers, as well as damaging your nervous system, including your brain. […] smoking causes your arteries to become narrower, which can raise your blood pressure. It also increases your risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as several types of cancer. […] having untreated depression increases your risk of developing dementia.

• #2 Ask the Doctors – What is vascular dementia, and can it be prevented? | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/ask-the-doctors-what-is-vascular-dementia-and-can-it-be-prevented

  Dementia is a general term used to categorize symptoms that relate to the decline or loss of cognitive function. […] At this time, vascular dementia cannot be reversed, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing it. […] One of the major risk factors for vascular dementia is high blood pressure, which also plays a role in heart attack and stroke. […] To reduce blood pressure, maintain a healthy weight. […] Get moving. Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of vascular dementia by 40 percent. […] Eat a healthy diet. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Even in moderation, alcohol has been linked to dementia risk, particularly as we get older.

• #2 Targeting 14 lifestyle factors may prevent up to 45% of dementia cases | Cognitive Vitality | Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation

  https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/blog/targeting-14-lifestyle-factors-may-prevent-up-to-45-of-dementia-cases

  Cigarettes and cigarette smoke contain more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including some that are highly toxic. […] Observational studies have shown that people who smoke are at a higher risk of developing all types of dementia and a much higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease, specifically. […] Studies suggest that having hypertension (high blood pressure) in midlife increases the risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. […] People who are obese in midlife have an increased risk of dementia compared to those with healthy body weight. […] Heavy drinking is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. […] Social isolation is a risk factor not only for dementia but also for hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression. […] Many studies show that air pollution is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment.

• #2 Dementia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & TypesWhat It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9170-dementia

  Although dementia cant be prevented, living a health-focused life might reduce risk factors for certain types of dementia. […] Keeping blood vessels clear of cholesterol buildup, maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, staying at a healthy weight basically, staying as healthy as you can can keep your brain fueled with the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function at its highest possible level. Specific healthful steps you can take include: […] Stop smoking. […] Follow a Mediterranean diet, which is one filled with whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish and shellfish, nuts, beans, olive oil and only limited amounts of red meats. […] Exercise. Get at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week. […] Keep your brain engaged. Solve puzzles, play word games and try other mentally stimulating activities. These activities may delay the start of dementia. […] Stay socially active. Interact with people, discuss current events, and keep your mind, heart and soul engaged.

• #2 Can Alzheimer’s Be Prevented? | Alzheimer’s Association

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/research-and-progress/prevention

  A number of studies indicate that maintaining strong social connections and keeping mentally active as we age might lower the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s. […] While research is not yet conclusive partially due to the need for more large-scale studies in diverse populations certain lifestyle choices, such as physical activity and diet, may help support brain health and prevent Alzheimer’s. […] With few drawbacks and plenty of known benefits, healthy lifestyle choices can improve your health and possibly protect your brain.

• #2 Vascular Dementia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/292105-treatment

  In patients with early cognitive impairment or with neuroimaging findings that demonstrate leukoaraiosis or stroke, secondary prevention can be facilitated by applying standard stroke-preventive therapies such as antiplatelet agents, warfarin, or carotid endarterectomy according to accepted guidelines. […] A study by Vercambre et al examined data from participants in the Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study; the findings revealed a significant difference in the rate of cognitive decline over 5 years (p .003) among elderly women who had physical activity equivalent to daily 30 minutes walk at a brisk pace. Exercise may improve brain vascular health and strengthen the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vascular-dementia/treatment/

  Treatment can help prevent further damage to the brain in people with vascular dementia and may slow down its progression. […] The main aim of treatment for vascular dementia is to treat the underlying cause to help stop the condition getting worse. […] Medicines may also be offered to treat the underlying cause of vascular dementia and help stop it getting worse.

• #2 Vascular Dementia – Alzheimer’s Texas

  https://www.txalz.org/blog/vascular-dementia/

  Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia. […] Cardiovascular issues such as strokes, small vessel disease, and hypertension are the leading risk factors. […] While dementia itself cannot be reversed, early detection and proactive management of vascular dementia symptoms can reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events, helping to slow its progression and preserve quality of life. […] While maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise and a balanced diet cannot fully guarantee the prevention of vascular dementia, it significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, thereby lowering the likelihood of developing this type of dementia. […] Post-stroke rehabilitation can also play a vital role in managing vascular dementia symptoms.

• #2 Dementia: Viagra may reduce risk, help prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/viagra-shows-promise-in-boosting-brain-blood-flow-for-dementia-prevention

  Vascular dementia is the second-most common form of dementia. […] New research suggests that Viagra, a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), may reduce the risk of developing dementia in at-risk people. […] More research is needed, but experts are hopeful about Viagra’s potential to boost blood flow in the brain. […] According to a recent study published in Circulation Research, sildenafil more commonly known as Viagra may reduce the risk of vascular dementia. […] The latest study asks whether Viagra might help reduce the risk of developing vascular dementia. […] Overall, the improved cerebrovascular dynamics with sildenafil provide a new potential treatment to prevent progression of cerebral small vessel disease that needs testing in clinical trials. […] Although it is still early days, this is a step toward understanding how to reduce the risk of vascular dementia.

• #2 Sildenafil (‘Viagra’) improves brain blood flow and could help to prevent dementia | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-06-07-sildenafil-viagra-improves-brain-blood-flow-and-could-help-prevent-dementia

  A new trial conducted by the University of Oxford reveals that sildenafil, commonly known as Viagra, enhances blood flow to the brain and improves the function of brain blood vessels in patients at a heightened risk of vascular dementia. […] This demonstrates the potential of this well-tolerated, widely-available drug to prevent dementia, which needs testing in larger trials. […] The significance of this research lies in its potential to transform the treatment and prevention of vascular dementia, which currently lacks specific therapies. […] Looking ahead, the next steps involve larger-scale trials to confirm these findings and explore sildenafil’s potential in preventing vascular dementia on a broader scale. […] Professor Webb’s findings are very encouraging and highlight the potential for preventing vascular dementia using existing drugs that target the underlying reduction in flow in the small blood vessels in the brain.

• #2 Dementia prevention: current epidemiological evidence and future perspective | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/alzrt104

  The RCTs include medical and lifestyle interventions and promote social, mental, and physical activities aimed at increasing the cognitive reserve. […] Protective factors for dementia and AD have also been identified; these include high education and socioeconomic status in early life as well as a number of factors in adult life: high work complexity, rich social network, social engagement, mentally stimulating activity, nonsmoking, and regular physical exercise. […] Even at old ages, the active engagement in mental, physical, and social activities may postpone the onset of dementia, possibly by increasing the cognitive reserve. […] Cumulative and combined exposure to different risk factors can lead to modified effects on dementia/AD risk. […] The risk of dementia increased as the score increased in a dose-response trend, making it possible to identify individuals who can greatly benefit from preventive intervention that targets vascular risk factors.

• #2 Targeting 14 lifestyle factors may prevent up to 45% of dementia cases | Cognitive Vitality | Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation

  https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/blog/targeting-14-lifestyle-factors-may-prevent-up-to-45-of-dementia-cases

  An analysis of numerous cohort studies reported that vision impairment is associated with a higher risk of both dementia and cognitive impairment. […] The Lancet report is great news in that there are concrete steps you can take to reduce dementia risk. […] These recommendations are consistent with evidence from a seminal randomized controlled trial called FINGER that showed a group of lifestyle interventions that addressed many of these risk factors improved cognitive function in older people.

• #2 Vascular Dementia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/292105-overview

  Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and an accurate diagnosis are important. […] The mainstay of management of vascular dementia is the prevention of new strokes. This includes administering antiplatelet drugs and controlling major vascular risk factors. Aspirin has also been found to slow the progression of vascular dementia.

• #2 A new dawn of preventing dementia by preventing cerebrovascular diseases | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3692

  Cerebrovascular diseases and dementia are two leading contributors to impairment of brain health and neurological disability in older people. […] Strategies for preventing and treating stroke have progressed substantially in recent years, but no effective treatment yet exists for Alzheimers disease. […] This suggests that some cognitive impairment and dementia might be prevented by preventing cerebrovascular diseases. […] Vascular risk factors, such as diabetes, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, are associated with both vascular dementia and Alzheimers disease. […] Preventing dementia by controlling vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular diseases may be promising. […] As cerebrovascular diseases and dementia are so closely interlinked, amelioration of vascular risk and vascular damage offers a new dawn for preventing not only vascular dementia but also mixed and even Alzheimers dementias.

• #2

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/head-neck/brain-nervous-system/vasular-dementia-is-preventable

  Vascular dementia can potentially be averted because its causes are different from other forms of dementia. […] Vascular dementia is preventable. […] Dr Ng said that vascular dementia can potentially be prevented with good control of the underlying causes such as blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. […] Many cases of vascular dementia are caused by small, silent strokes for which high blood pressure is the biggest factor. […] Managing high blood pressure and high cholesterol might help to lower the risk of vascular dementia, said Dr Ng. […] Research suggests that regular exercise and a healthy diet, especially in midlife and beyond, might help to lower our risk. […] Controlling chronic ailments for example, quitting smoking and engaging in regular cognitive stimulation could delay the onset of dementia.

• #3 Vascular Dementia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/292105-overview

  Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and an accurate diagnosis are important. […] The mainstay of management of vascular dementia is the prevention of new strokes. This includes administering antiplatelet drugs and controlling major vascular risk factors. Aspirin has also been found to slow the progression of vascular dementia.

• #3 Prevention of dementia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_dementia

  Possible prevention methods of dementia. The prevention of dementia involves reducing the number of risk factors for the development of dementia, and is a global health priority needing a global response. […] Dementia can be prevented by reducing the risk factors for vascular disease such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity and depression. […] Since vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia (after Alzheimer’s disease), reducing the risk of cerebrovascular disease also reduces the risk of dementia. Thus, physical exercise, having good blood cholesterol, healthy body weight and blood pressure lowers the risk of developing dementia. […] Some studies say Alzheimer’s and other dementias may be caused by high blood pressure, since it can cause blood vessel damage through constriction. The etiology of vascular dementia includes hypertension, and thus, lowering blood pressure with antihypertensives may have a positive effect in the prevention of dementia, just as physical activity.

• #3 Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546647/

  Nonetheless, the effect of antihypertensive treatment on dementia risk is weaker when considering only RCTs, suggesting the presence of confounding factors. […] A previous meta-analysis concluded that antihypertensive treatment could only decrease the risk of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer dementia or cognitive decline. […] Among the classes of antihypertensive medications, the strongest effect has been observed for modulators of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may decrease the risk for cognitive decline and dementia and slow conversion of MCI to dementia. […] Supporting this hypothesis, polymorphisms of RAS genes were associated with hippocampal volume loss and longitudinal decline in the episodic memory performance of older adults. […] Studies have also examined the potential role of interventions for dyslipidemia, but there is currently limited evidence to support their role in dementia prevention.

• #3

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2009/51001/prevention_of_dementia__role_of_vascular_risk.9.aspx

  Dementia is a major health problem worldwide and the number of people affected is expected to rise considerably, especially in developing countries like India. Vascular risk factors are involved in causation of both vascular dementia and Alzheimers disease (AD), account for 90% of all dementias. […] Epidemiological evidence suggests that control of vascular risk factors may prevent, or at least delay, the onset of dementia. This finding is supported to some extent by randomized controlled trial evidence for treatment of hypertension but not for other risk factors. […] There is a need for a randomized controlled trials (RCT) targeting multiple vascular risk factors in patients at increased risk of dementia; i.e., those with mild cognitive impairment. […] A number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-hypertensives with cognition and or dementia as one of the outcomes have been conducted.

• #3 Vascular Dementia

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vascular-dementia

  Because lipid-lowering agents are key in preventing cardiovascular disease, they are of interest for prevention of VaD. […] Aspirin and other antiplatelet therapies are effective for stroke prevention. […] The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and American College of Chest Physicians’ recommendations for secondary prevention of stroke should be followed until more data on antiplatelet agents for treating VaD are available.

• #3 Vascular Dementia

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vascular-dementia

  Once VaD or VCI has been diagnosed, attention should be directed at prevention and modification of risk factors. Research is exploring a possible relationship between hypertension, high serum cholesterol, and diabetes in the development of VaD. […] In general, reductions in blood pressure decrease the incidence of dementia. It is not clear whether the benefit of antihypertensive therapy is due solely to lowering of blood pressure or whether these drugs have other neuroprotective effects. […] Macrovascular complications of diabetes include heart disease and stroke; there also is an association between diabetes and dementia. […] Importantly, hypoglycemia can impair cognitive function in elderly patients. Blood-glucose control and hypoglycemia avoidance may be a difficult balance to achieve in the geriatric population.

• #3 Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two larg

  https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01017-4

  In conclusion, in this analysis of two large, population-based cohort studies from Germany and the UK, low-dose ASA demonstrated a protective potential for AD, VD, and all-cause dementia among study participants with pre-existing CHD, but not in other persons from the general population. […] This implies that people with CHD may not only profit from long-term low-dose ASA use by reducing their CVD risk but also their dementia risk.

• #3 Vascular Dementia: Reducing Risks with a Brain-Healthy Lifestyle

  https://www.brightfocus.org/resource/vascular-dementia-reducing-risks-with-a-brain-healthy-lifestyle/

  Lifestyle factors, though, play a critical role in the development and progression of vascular cognitive impairment. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and smoking in mid-life will significantly increase the risk for later dementia. The importance of these factors, fortunately, points toward reasonable steps that we can take in order to reduce risk. […] Medical treatments such as blood pressure medications, statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs), hypoglycemic agents and insulin are all valuable tools for limiting the consequences of established medical disorders. The symptom-reducing medications used in Alzheimers disease are also used in vascular dementiabut its even more important to reduce the risk of vascular cognitive impairment by preventing the development of the known risk factors. Weight control, appropriate physical activity, and a healthy diet are all powerful contributors to better health in later years. Making sure to include even one daily serving of fruits and vegetables in your diet will significantly lower your stroke risk. And it is never too late to benefit from quitting smoking.

• #3 2. Management of Vascular Cognitive Impairment | Canadian Stroke Best Practices

  https://www.strokebestpractices.ca/recommendations/new-vascular-cognitive-impairment/2-management-of-vascular-cognitive-impairment

  Regular physical activity has been associated with a significantly reduced risk of VCI by up to 35%. […] Adherence to a Mediterranean or MIND diet may reduce the risk of VCI. […] The benefit of antihypertensive agents to reduce the risk of dementia or cognitive decline in individuals with vascular risk factors but without an overt stroke was investigated. […] Mood disorders, including depression, anxiety and apathy are common in individuals with post stroke VCI. […] Physical activity interventions including home-based exercises, group exercise programs, strength and balance exercises, and Tai Chi were shown to significantly reduce the incidence of falls compared to usual care in individuals with mild to moderate dementia, living in the community.

• #3 Evidence-Based Prevention – Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center

  http://depts.washington.edu/mbwc/adrc/page/prevention

  2020 findings from the SPRINT-MIND study found that lowering blood pressure to under 120 showed a 19% reduction in those participants who went on to develop dementia during the study. […] In terms of brain and cognitive health, the best data support the Mediterranean diet, which includes relatively little red meat and emphasizes whole grains, fruits and vegetables, fish and shellfish, and nuts, olive oil and other healthy fats. […] A study published in Alzheimer’s Dementia of 923 adults aged 58-98 who maintained the MIND diet for 4.5 years showed a 53% reduction in the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease dementia. […] An NIH-funded study found that eating a Mediterranean diet slows some changes in the brain that may indicate early Alzheimer’s disease. The researchers estimate there may be as much as a three-and-a-half-year delay in progression of Alzheimer’s disease in people who have eaten a Mediterranean diet for many years, rather than a standard Western diet.

• #3 Targeting 14 lifestyle factors may prevent up to 45% of dementia cases | Cognitive Vitality | Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation

  https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/blog/targeting-14-lifestyle-factors-may-prevent-up-to-45-of-dementia-cases

  Cigarettes and cigarette smoke contain more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including some that are highly toxic. […] Observational studies have shown that people who smoke are at a higher risk of developing all types of dementia and a much higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease, specifically. […] Studies suggest that having hypertension (high blood pressure) in midlife increases the risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. […] People who are obese in midlife have an increased risk of dementia compared to those with healthy body weight. […] Heavy drinking is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. […] Social isolation is a risk factor not only for dementia but also for hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression. […] Many studies show that air pollution is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment.

• #3 How to Help Prevent Dementia

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prevent-dementia

  Numerous studies show that smoking can increase the risk of dementia and that quitting can reduce this risk. […] Research also shows that excessive alcohol consumption may be a major risk factor for all types of dementia, including early onset dementia. […] An active mind may help lower the risk of dementia, so keep challenging yourself. […] Some types of dementia are due to things you cannot change. But lifestyle choices that include regular exercise, a balanced diet, and mental engagement can help lower your risk of developing dementia.

• #3 Vascular dementia – Dementia UK

  https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/types-of-dementia/vascular-dementia/

  Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. It is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. […] While there is no guaranteed way to prevent vascular dementia, the best way to reduce the risk or delay its onset and progression is to follow the general advice for good heart health. This will help to prevent damage or disease to the blood vessels in your brain. This includes: increasing your physical activity – aim to exercise for 20 to 30 minutes per day, at least five days per week; aiming for a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables and minimal amounts of processed, fatty and sugary foods; maintaining a healthy weight; aiming to keep your waist size to 94cm (37”) or below for men, and 80cm (31”) or below for women; stimulating your brain, for example by learning a new skill, reading, playing chess; stopping smoking; drinking no more than 14 units of alcohol a week; keeping socially active and connecting with others; avoiding activities that could lead to a head or brain injury; avoiding prolonged daily stress; creating good sleep habits. […] You may be able to reduce the risk of vascular dementia by ensuring you follow a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise; stopping smoking; and not exceeding the recommended maximum weekly alcohol intake of 14 units.

• #3 Evidence-Based Prevention – Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center

  http://depts.washington.edu/mbwc/adrc/page/prevention

  According to UW MBWC’s Dr. Kristoffer Rhoads mindfulness meditation can boost memory and improve brain connections in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early stage dementia. […] For everyone, mindfulness meditation likely holds value for preventing or delaying cognitive decline, as suggested by research showing re-wiring of the brain, improved emotional resilience, and reduced modifiable midlife risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol.

• #3 Dementia: Viagra may reduce risk, help prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/viagra-shows-promise-in-boosting-brain-blood-flow-for-dementia-prevention

  The results of this study suggest that sildenafil may help reduce the risk of vascular dementia in people with CSVD. […] To get a clearer picture of whether Viagra and similar drugs truly can reduce risk, scientists will need to follow people for years to assess whether their risk is reduced. […] We are aiming to test it in a much larger trial to understand if it not only improves blood flow to the brain but also to test whether this reduces the risk of stroke and dementia.

• #3 Nearly half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 risk factors | UCL News – UCL – University College London

  https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/jul/nearly-half-dementia-cases-could-be-prevented-or-delayed-tackling-14-risk-factors

  Addressing 14 modifiable risk factors, starting in childhood and continuing throughout life, could prevent or delay nearly half of dementia cases, according to a new report led by UCL researchers. […] The Commission, authored by 27 world-leading dementia experts, calls for governments and individuals to be ambitious about tackling risks across the life course for dementia, arguing that the earlier we can address and reduce risk factor levels, the better. The report outlines a new set of policy and lifestyle changes to help prevent and better manage dementia. […] To reduce dementia risk throughout life, the Commission outlines 13 recommendations to be adopted by governments and individuals, including: Provide all children with good quality education and be cognitively active in midlife.

• #4 Prevention Strategies For Reducing The Risk Of Vascular Dementia – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/prevention-strategies-for-reducing-the-risk-of-vascular-dementia/

  Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia and has a greatly reduced life expectancy. […] For all types of dementia, there are clear risk factors that can be modified in an attempt to reduce the incidence and development of the condition. […] The risk factors for vascular dementia include having a lower educational background, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake. […] Diagnosing and beginning treatment for vascular dementia as early as possible can improve the persons well-being and quality of life and also supports those caring for them. […] It is important to treat any co-existing health conditions such as hypertension and high cholesterol. […] The treatment approaches to vascular dementia aim to manage existing comorbidities and encourage lifestyle modifications.

• #4 Vascular Dementia: Reducing Risks with a Brain-Healthy Lifestyle

  https://www.brightfocus.org/resource/vascular-dementia-reducing-risks-with-a-brain-healthy-lifestyle/

  Lifestyle factors, though, play a critical role in the development and progression of vascular cognitive impairment. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and smoking in mid-life will significantly increase the risk for later dementia. The importance of these factors, fortunately, points toward reasonable steps that we can take in order to reduce risk. […] Medical treatments such as blood pressure medications, statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs), hypoglycemic agents and insulin are all valuable tools for limiting the consequences of established medical disorders. The symptom-reducing medications used in Alzheimers disease are also used in vascular dementiabut its even more important to reduce the risk of vascular cognitive impairment by preventing the development of the known risk factors. Weight control, appropriate physical activity, and a healthy diet are all powerful contributors to better health in later years. Making sure to include even one daily serving of fruits and vegetables in your diet will significantly lower your stroke risk. And it is never too late to benefit from quitting smoking.

• #4 Vascular Dementia

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vascular-dementia

  Because lipid-lowering agents are key in preventing cardiovascular disease, they are of interest for prevention of VaD. […] Aspirin and other antiplatelet therapies are effective for stroke prevention. […] The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and American College of Chest Physicians’ recommendations for secondary prevention of stroke should be followed until more data on antiplatelet agents for treating VaD are available.

• #4 Vascular dementia – Dementia UK

  https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/types-of-dementia/vascular-dementia/

  Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. It is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. […] While there is no guaranteed way to prevent vascular dementia, the best way to reduce the risk or delay its onset and progression is to follow the general advice for good heart health. This will help to prevent damage or disease to the blood vessels in your brain. This includes: increasing your physical activity – aim to exercise for 20 to 30 minutes per day, at least five days per week; aiming for a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables and minimal amounts of processed, fatty and sugary foods; maintaining a healthy weight; aiming to keep your waist size to 94cm (37”) or below for men, and 80cm (31”) or below for women; stimulating your brain, for example by learning a new skill, reading, playing chess; stopping smoking; drinking no more than 14 units of alcohol a week; keeping socially active and connecting with others; avoiding activities that could lead to a head or brain injury; avoiding prolonged daily stress; creating good sleep habits. […] You may be able to reduce the risk of vascular dementia by ensuring you follow a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise; stopping smoking; and not exceeding the recommended maximum weekly alcohol intake of 14 units.

• #4 Can a healthy diet reduce your dementia risk? – Heart Matters – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/nutrition/dementia-diet

  Research suggests theres a diet that may help to prevent dementia. […] The MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet was created by researchers at Rush University in Chicago, to help prevent dementia and slow age-related loss of brain function. […] Both diets are backed by lots of research showing they can help your heart health, and some evidence to suggest they can contribute to lower levels of mental decline. […] The diet also appears to reduce your risk of dementia even if you cant stick to every recommendation 100 per cent of the time. […] We know this type of diet can help protect heart health. Heart disease and dementia share many risk factors (including high cholesterol and obesity), so it makes sense that a heart-healthy diet could also reduce your risk of dementia.

• #4 Prevent or Slow Down Dementia and Alzheimer’s Progression

  https://www.helpguide.org/aging/dementia/preventing-alzheimers-disease

  Studies also suggests there may be a connection between high cholesterol and Alzheimers and dementia, especially having high cholesterol levels in mid-life. Improving your levels can be good for both your brain and your heart. […] Smoking is one of the most preventable risk factors for Alzheimers disease and dementia. One study found that smokers over the age of 65 have a nearly 80% higher risk of Alzheimers than those who have never smoked. When you stop smoking, the brain benefits from improved circulation almost immediately.

• #4 Nearly half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 risk factors | UCL News – UCL – University College London

  https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/jul/nearly-half-dementia-cases-could-be-prevented-or-delayed-tackling-14-risk-factors

  These actions are especially important given new evidence which shows that reducing the risks of dementia not only increases years of healthy life but also reduces the time people who develop dementia spend in ill health. […] Professor Livingston added: Healthy lifestyles that involve regular exercise, not smoking, cognitive activity in midlife (including outside formal education) and avoiding excess alcohol can not only lower dementia risk but may also push back dementia onset. So, if people do develop dementia, they are likely to live less years with it. This has huge quality of life implications for individuals as well as cost-saving benefits for societies. […] Prioritising population-level approaches that improve primary prevention (eg, reducing salt and sugar intake) and effective health care for conditions like obesity and high blood pressure, restricting smoking and air pollution, and enabling all children to gain a good education, could have a profound effect on dementia prevalence and inequalities, as well as significant cost savings.

• #5 Vascular Dementia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22216-vascular-dementia

  Vascular dementia results from conditions that damage blood vessels and block blood flow to your brain. Many of these conditions, like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, are manageable or even preventable. Theres no direct treatment or cure for vascular dementia, so managing these risk factors is crucial to prevent it from becoming more severe. […] You cant change some of the risk factors for the condition, like your age or genetics. But you can manage many other risk factors for the condition to try to prevent it mainly those that damage your blood vessels. Steps you can take include: Keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar (glucose) levels within a healthy range. Youll need to work closely with your healthcare provider to do this. […] Vascular dementia is unique from many other forms of dementia in that its partly preventable. If you have any of these risk factors, talk to your provider about what you can do to manage them.

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