Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Whooping Cough | Whooping Cough | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/index.html

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated. CDC recommends whooping cough vaccination for everyone. […] Preventive antibiotics are also known as postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis (PEP). These are medicines given to someone who has been exposed to harmful bacteria to help prevent them from getting sick. Some people should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting sick if they have been around someone with whooping cough. […] CDC recommends practicing good hygiene to help prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses that can cause many respiratory illnesses.

• #1 Prevent Whooping Cough | About Whooping Cough

  https://www.aboutwhoopingcough.com/

  Whooping cough is contagious but preventable with vaccination. […] To help prevent whooping cough, ask your doctor or pharmacist if Tdap or DTaP vaccines that also help prevent tetanus and diphtheria are appropriate for you or your child. […] Adults ages 19 years and older who did not get a Tdap shot in their adolescence should get one dose of Tdap to help protect themselves from whooping cough. […] To help protect their infants from whooping cough, pregnant people should receive a Tdap vaccine with every pregnancy, between the 27th and 36th week, preferably in the early part of this time frame, although it could be administered anytime during pregnancy. […] Eligible babies and younger children should receive a 5-dose series of DTaP. Older children are recommended to receive a dose of Tdap preferably between 11-12 years of age to help prevent whooping cough.

• #1 Whooping Cough (Pertussis) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/whooping-cough/

  Whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine is given as a combination vaccine with the vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus. […] Babies and children (through age 6 years) should get 5 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine for maximum protectiona dose at 2, 4, and 6 months, one at 15-18 months, and another at 4-6 years. […] Children age 7-10 years who were not fully vaccinated should receive a single dose of tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap). […] Children/teens age 11-18 years should receive Tdap as a single dose at age 11-12 years. […] Adults age 19 years and older who have not been vaccinated with Tdap should get one dose as soon as feasible, followed by a booster dose (Tdap) every 10 years. […] Pregnant women should get a single dose of Tdap, preferably early in the third trimester of each pregnancy, to help protect mother and baby.

• #1 Whooping Cough: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/children/whooping-cough-symptoms-treatment

  Vaccines and other preventative medications can reduce the risk of spreading the infection. […] The DTaP vaccine can help protect children from whooping cough. Starting at 2 months, infants should get a dose every other month for the first 6 months, another between 15 and 18 months, and then one last time between ages 4 and 6. […] Older children and adults need the Tdap vaccine and a booster every 10 years because the vaccine can weaken over time. The best age for preteens to get it is between 11 and 12. Adults whove never had the vaccine can get it anytime and should receive a Tdap or Td booster every 10 years or after 5 years if they have a serious burn or wound. Pregnant women should get a booster during each pregnancy to help protect their newborn. The CDC recommends this during the early part of the third trimester.

• #1 Five Things to Know About Whooping Cough | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/blog/whooping-cough

  Preteens should get one shot of Tdap between the ages of 11 and 12 years to boost their immunity and adults who have never received a Tdap vaccine should get one as well. […] Vaccines are effective, but not 100% effective. […] Antibiotics are the best way to treat pertussis. […] It is important that a doctor is seen as soon as possible, and treatment is started early to reduce severity and duration of the illness and the risk of spreading the infection to others. […] To start, see your doctor as soon as symptoms begin to occur and always follow the schedule for taking antibiotics exactly as prescribed. […] Our goal is to keep everyone healthy. This means increasing vaccination rates, practicing universal precautions, and diagnosing and treating early,” Dr. Mora explained. […] If you or someone in your household might have whooping cough, your best course of action is to contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible.

• #1 Prevent Whooping Cough | About Whooping Cough

  https://www.aboutwhoopingcough.com/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults receive a booster dose of either the Td or Tdap vaccines every ten years to ensure continued protection against tetanus and diphtheria. […] Tdap and DTaP are vaccines that can help protect against three serious diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis.

• #1 Whooping cough (Pertussis) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/whooping-cough

  A booster dose of whooping cough (pertussis)-containing vaccine is also recommended for the following people every 10 years: all adults working with infants and young children less than 4 years of age; all healthcare workers. […] Pregnant women should be vaccinated for pertussis during each pregnancy, preferably between 20 and 32 weeks gestation. […] Vaccination of pregnant women before delivery has been reported to reduce pertussis disease in infants by 80% to 91%. […] Preventive antibiotics may be recommended for some people who are exposed to whooping cough and have close contact with babies under 6 months of age or women in the last month of pregnancy.

• #1 Frequently asked questions about whooping cough | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/whooping-cough/whooping-cough-faq

  Women should be vaccinated during each pregnancy because the mother passes some protection to the baby before he or she is born, and because protection from Tdap is most effective within the first year after receiving the vaccine. […] All family members living in your house and anyone who will spend time around your new baby—like grandparents and child care providers—should get the whooping cough vaccine if they have not already done so. […] It is safe to get Tdap while you’re breastfeeding. […] Mothers vaccinated with Tdap may pass some whooping cough antibodies to their babies through breast milk, but it does not provide full protection. […] All healthcare workers should get one dose of Tdap vaccine. This helps protect the workers and their patients. […] We recommend that all healthcare workers have a Tdap vaccination, stay home when they’re sick, and use appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent infection when caring for patients with respiratory infections like whooping cough and flu.

• #1 Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/vaccine-preventable-diseases/pertussis-whooping-cough

  The best way to prevent pertussis (whooping cough) among infants, children, teens, and adults is to get vaccinated. Also, keep infants and other people at high risk for pertussis complications away from infected people. […] In the United States, the recommended pertussis vaccine for infants and children is called DTaP. This is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. For maximum protection against pertussis, children need five DTaP shots. […] Vaccination with Tdap is especially important for families with caregivers of new infants. […] Women should get a Tdap vaccination during every pregnancy to protect their infant from whooping cough, even if they have had the Tdap vaccine before. […] The easiest thing for adults to do is to get Tdap instead of their next regular tetanus booster that Td shot that they were supposed to get every 10 years.

• #1 Postexposure Antimicrobial Prophylaxis | Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/php/postexposure-prophylaxis/index.html

  The primary objective of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is to prevent death and serious complications in people at high risk of severe pertussis infection. […] CDC supports providing PEP especially to household contacts of a pertussis case. […] CDC supports providing PEP to people at high risk of severe infection within 21 days of exposure to an infectious pertussis case. […] CDC supports providing PEP to people in contact with those at high risk of severe infection within 21 days of exposure to an infectious pertussis case. […] A broader use of PEP may be appropriate in limited closed settings when the number of identified cases is small and there isn’t a community-wide outbreak. […] Antibiotics may prevent pertussis if given prior to symptom onset. However, there are no data to suggest widespread PEP use among contacts effectively controls or limits outbreaks.

• #1 Controlling Spread of Pertussis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/pertussis/controlling-spread-pertussis

  The primary goal of post exposure antimicrobial prophylaxis is to prevent death and serious complications from pertussis in individuals at increased risk of severe disease. Appropriate administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis to asymptomatic contacts can prevent symptomatic infection. […] Prophylaxis is generally indicated when: […] Prophylaxis is generally recommended for the following groups, regardless of their immunization status: […] A broader use of PEP may be recommended in rare situations. […] The recommended antibiotics and dosage by age group is identical for treatment and prophylaxis. Therefore, refer to the table in Section 3.B Recommended Treatment Protocol on page 6 for the schedule. […] In home-based child care settings with at least one child less than 12 months of age, it is recommended that all children and all child care providers (including any members of the child care providers families who had any contact with the case during their infectious period) receive prophylaxis. […] The basic principles of case and contact investigation, treatment of cases, and prophylaxis of close contacts apply (see Section 3. B. Recommended Treatment Protocol , Section C. Post Exposure Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Recommendations, and Section 3.D. Isolation).

• #1 Pertussis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/pertussis/

  Postexposure prophylaxis for pertussis is recommended for all close contacts and high-risk individuals (e.g., infants) regardless of immunization status. […] Ensure all close contacts (e.g., family members, caregivers) of infants have received all the recommended age-appropriate pertussis vaccines (DTaP, Tdap). […] Administer antibiotic therapy for pertussis within 21 days of contact exposure. […] Advise isolation precautions for pertussis until 5 days of antibiotic therapy has been completed. […] All close contacts of an individual with pertussis, regardless of age and vaccination status should receive postexposure prophylaxis. […] High-risk individuals with possible exposure, e.g.: Infants, Pregnant women (third trimester), Any individual who cares for infants and/or pregnant women (e.g., health care or daycare workers), Immunocompromised individuals, Individuals with chronic comorbidities (e.g., respiratory conditions) should receive postexposure prophylaxis.

• #1

  https://www.ottawapublichealth.ca/en/professionals-and-partners/pertussis-case—contact-management-guidelines-.aspx

  Recommended Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Pertussis: 2005 CDC Guidelines […] Recommendations for chemoprophylaxis focus on close contacts who are infants 1 year of age and pregnant persons in their third trimester, and household contacts of cases when there is an infant 1 year of age or a pregnant person in their third trimester in the household. Chemoprophylaxis is most effective when initiated early and is unlikely to be of any benefit after 21 days have elapsed since the first contact with the person diagnosed with pertussis. […] Acellular pertussis-containing vaccines are recommended for routine immunization of infants and children, including an adolescent booster dose. Timely primary immunization with four doses of an acellular pertussis-containing vaccine is estimated to be 90% effective in preventing pertussis during the first 4 to 6 years of life.

• #1 Pertussis Treatment and Prophylaxis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/pertussis/hcp/treatment.html

  Antimicrobials are recommended for the treatment of pertussis cases and prophylaxis for some case contacts. The same regimen is used for both. […] In certain situations, close contacts of pertussis cases may be treated with antimicrobials to prevent infection. Prophylaxis should be initiated as soon as possible within 21 days (the maximum incubation period for pertussis) of exposure to an infectious case. Prophylaxis is generally limited to: […] Health care workers who have unprotected exposure and are likely to expose those at high-risk for severe pertussis (such as NICU staff). […] All three macrolides are now considered equally appropriate as first line agents for the treatment or prophylaxis of pertussis for persons 6 months of age and older.

• #1 CDC Releases Guidelines on Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Pertussis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0715/p333.html

  Clinical studies have shown that TMP/SMX effectively eliminates B. pertussis from the nasopharynx. Macrolide-resistant B. pertussis is uncommon, but TMP/SMX can be used as an alternative treatment in patients two months or older who have a contraindication to or cannot tolerate macrolide agents, or who are infected with a strain that is macrolide resistant. TMP/SMX should not be given to pregnant women or nursing mothers, or infants younger than two months because of the possible risk for kernicterus. […] No published information exists on the clinical effectiveness of other macrolides (e.g., roxithromycin, ketolides). Other antimicrobials such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolines, chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin), and cephalosporins have demonstrated varying degrees of in vitro inhibitory activity against B. pertussis; however, clinical effectiveness has not been confirmed.

• #1 Whooping Cough | Pertussis | Whooping Cough Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html

  Vaccines are the best way to prevent whooping cough. There are two vaccines in the United States that can help prevent whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. These vaccines also provide protection against tetanus and diphtheria. […] Sometimes health care providers give antibiotics to family members of people who have had whooping cough or people who have been exposed to it. The antibiotics may prevent them from getting the disease. […] You may also help prevent the spread of whooping cough (and other respiratory diseases) by: Washing your hands often with soap and water. You can use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available. Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands. Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys. Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands. Staying home when sick. Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.

• #1 Pertussis |

  https://www.lonestar.edu/16889.htm

  The best way to prevent pertussis is to get vaccinated. […] Vaccine protection for pertussis can fade with time. Other measures for preventing or reducing your risk for whooping cough are to follow good hygiene practices: Wash your hands thoroughly and often. Clean contaminated surfaces with soap and water or a disinfecting solution. Cover your cough by coughing into your upper arm or using a tissue. After using a tissue, place it in the trash and wash your hands. Avoid kissing or sharing a drinking glass, eating utensil, lipstick, or other such items with sick people or with others when you are sick. […] Individuals who have had whooping cough should stay away from school and work for as long as symptoms exist. This could be for an extended period of time. It is highly recommended that an individual seek guidance from their health care professional or the local health department to determine when it is appropriate to return to work or school.

• #1 Managing Pertussis: Think, Test, Treat andamp; Stop Transmission – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/pertussis/hcp/managepert.html

  THINK of pertussis in anyone with the following symptoms, regardless of vaccination history: A cough of any duration in a person who has been notified of a close exposure to pertussis, A paroxysmal cough of any duration, with whooping, post-tussive vomiting/gagging or apnea, or A persistent cough of unknown etiology, lasting more than seven days. […] Use Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for treatment. If 21 days have already elapsed since cough onset, treatment is not recommended, as it will not improve outcome. […] Prescribe antimicrobial prophylaxis (same regimen as treatment) to persons who are household contacts or high-risk contacts of the pertussis case. High-risk contacts include infants less than 1 year of age, pregnant persons, other immunocompromised people, and those who have contact with high-risk people. […] Inform patients with suspected pertussis to stay at home and avoid close contact with others until they have: Completed the fifth day of an appropriate antibiotic. […] OR Had cough symptoms for at least 3 weeks (cases are potentially infectious for the first 3 weeks of cough).

• #1 Whooping Cough (Pertussis) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/whooping-cough/

  It is also important that caretakers and those who are around infants are up to date with whooping cough vaccination. CDC recommends a single dose of Tdap for healthcare professionals who have not previously received Tdap and who have direct patient contact. […] Protection against whooping cough from early childhood vaccines wears off. Adolescents and adults are at risk for infection and need booster doses of vaccine throughout life to remain protected.

• #1 Pertussis Precautions for Professionals | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/division-infectious-diseases/pertussis-precautions-professionals

  Antibiotic prophylaxis (azithromycin) should be given to ALL household and close contacts, including potentially exposed healthcare workers, regardless of vaccination status. Prophylaxis is most effective within 21 days of cough onset in the index case but should still be considered if there are infants or pregnant women in the household. […] If you have been exposed to pertussis at work, please contact Infection Prevention and Control with the name of the patient, date of exposure(s) and any names of other healthcare workers who you know were exposed. Infection Prevention and Control will forward your information to Occupational Health, who will provide you with prophylaxis if you have been exposed to a confirmed case of pertussis. […] With PEP, we are relying on drug levels to prevent establishment of infection. Since azithromycin remains in the system at therapeutic levels for 10 days following initiation of treatment, if repeat exposure occurs within 10 days of starting the medication (i.e. within five days of completion of fiveday course), then no additional PEP is indicated. […] If repeat exposure occurs after 10 days of starting the medication (i.e. after five days of completion on fiveday course), then repeat PEP is needed.

• #1 Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11322855/

  There is insufficient evidence to determine the benefits of prophylactic treatment of pertussis contacts. […] Prophylaxis with antibiotics was significantly associated with side effects and did not significantly improve clinical symptoms, whoop, paroxysmal cough, number of cases who develop culture-positive B. pertussis or paroxysmal cough for more than two weeks in contacts older than six months of age. Due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality in infants less than six months of age who are incompletely immunised, contact prophylaxis is recommended for families who have an infant less than six months of age. The recommended antibiotics and dosages for contact prophylaxis are the same as those recommended in the treatment of whooping cough.

• #1 Whooping Cough: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | Shore Medical Center

  https://www.shoremedicalcenter.org/news/whooping-cough-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent whooping cough. Key preventive measures include: […] The DTaP vaccine is administered to children at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months, with a booster dose at 4-6 years of age. This vaccine provides immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. […] The Tdap booster is recommended for adolescents (11-12 years) and adults, particularly those in close contact with infants. Pregnant women are advised to receive the Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy, ideally between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation, to protect their newborns through passive immunity. […] Achieving high vaccination coverage in the community helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants younger than two months and individuals with specific medical conditions. This community-level protection, known as herd immunity, reduces the overall spread of the disease. […] Raising awareness about the importance of vaccination and the potential severity of whooping cough can encourage higher vaccination rates and prompt diagnosis. Public health campaigns and educational programs are vital in promoting these messages.

• #1 Understanding and Preventing Pertussis: A Comprehensive Guide to Whoop

  https://www.kidsvillepeds.com/blog/1173601-understanding-and-preventing-pertussis-a-comprehensive-guide-to-whooping-cough/

  Infants and young children are at the highest risk of severe complications from whooping cough, including pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. […] Understanding how whooping cough is transmitted is crucial for implementing effective prevention strategies and reducing the risk of infection. […] Vaccination is the most effective way to keep whooping cough at bay. The DTaP vaccine, which also protects against diphtheria and tetanus, is routinely recommended for children in multiple doses starting at 2 months of age. […] In addition to vaccination, there are steps you can take to prevent the spread of whooping cough: […] Properly quarantining a child sick with pertussis, or whooping cough, is essential to prevent the spread of the highly contagious bacterium Bordetella pertussis to others.

• #2 Whooping cough – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20378973

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is with the pertussis vaccine. It’s often given together with vaccines against two other serious diseases: diphtheria and tetanus. Healthcare professionals recommend starting vaccination during infancy. […] Booster shots strengthen the body’s defenses against whooping cough. They help protect against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. You might hear your healthcare professional call your booster shot Tdap. It’s recommended for the following people. […] If you or your infant has been exposed to someone with whooping cough, talk with your healthcare professional. Medicines called antibiotics may be recommended to protect against infection if you:

• #2 Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/whooping-cough

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent tetanus infection. […] Vaccination is the best way to stop diphtheria infections. All people, including travelers to foreign countries, should get vaccinated. […] Getting vaccinated against whooping cough is the best way to reduce the spread of whooping cough. Those who are vaccinated and get sick from whooping cough have less severe symptoms and recover quicker. […] Getting tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines protects you against three bacterial diseases which can be very dangerous. Getting vaccinated protects yourself and the community around you, including those who cant get vaccinated. […] Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines are required for child care and school entry in the state of Washington.

• #2 Pertussis or Whooping Cough Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2171/

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated. […] We recommend that all children and adults get a pertussis-containing vaccine. […] The recommended pertussis vaccine for infants and children is called DTaP. This protects children against 3 diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis). […] 7- to 10-year-olds who are not fully immunized with DTaP, should get a Tdap vaccine which protects against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis). […] All adults 19 and older who have not received a Tdap vaccine, need a booster shot. […] It is very important for adults to make sure they are up-to-date with their pertussis-containing vaccines if they spend any time with infants. […] Pregnant women should receive Tdap in the third trimester of every pregnancy to pass immunity to their newborn until the baby is old enough to begin shots at 2 months of age.

• #2 Five Things to Know About Whooping Cough | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/blog/whooping-cough

  Before a vaccine was introduced in the late 1940s, pertussis, more commonly known as whooping cough, was a leading cause of childhood illness and death in the United States. […] To help protect yourself and your family from pertussis, heres what you should know. […] Vaccines are available to help prevent whooping cough across the lifespan. […] This is why everyone should get vaccinated against it and seek treatment early if they develop whooping cough symptoms, as we have good antibiotics to treat pertussis, said Dr. Mora. […] Individuals who are pregnant can provide short-term protection for their babies by getting a Tdap vaccine during the 27th through 36th week of each pregnancy. […] For best protection against whooping cough, children need five doses of DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccine by the time they are six.

• #2 Prevent Whooping Cough | About Whooping Cough

  https://www.aboutwhoopingcough.com/

  Whooping cough is contagious but preventable with vaccination. […] To help prevent whooping cough, ask your doctor or pharmacist if Tdap or DTaP vaccines that also help prevent tetanus and diphtheria are appropriate for you or your child. […] Adults ages 19 years and older who did not get a Tdap shot in their adolescence should get one dose of Tdap to help protect themselves from whooping cough. […] To help protect their infants from whooping cough, pregnant people should receive a Tdap vaccine with every pregnancy, between the 27th and 36th week, preferably in the early part of this time frame, although it could be administered anytime during pregnancy. […] Eligible babies and younger children should receive a 5-dose series of DTaP. Older children are recommended to receive a dose of Tdap preferably between 11-12 years of age to help prevent whooping cough.

• #2 3 facts about whooping cough and tips to stop its spread | Lungs | Pediatrics | Prevention | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/whooping-cough-update/

  The more people who are vaccinated, the safer our most vulnerable neighbors will be. The CDC recommend the following Tdap vaccine schedule: Children should get five doses of the DTaP vaccine by age 6. This usually starts at 2 months old, building immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Adolescents and adults need a Tdap booster at age 11 and then every 10 years after. This is a similar combination vaccine but with lower doses for diphtheria and pertussis. Pregnant patients should get a Tdap vaccination during every pregnancy, usually between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation. This allows antibodies to pass through the placenta, protecting the newborns until they’re old enough to get their own vaccines. […] The best way to avoid a serious pertussis outbreak is for everyone to do your part up front: Get the recommended vaccinations, stay home when you are sick, and wash your hands regularly.

• #2 Whooping Cough (Pertussis) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/whooping-cough/

  It is also important that caretakers and those who are around infants are up to date with whooping cough vaccination. CDC recommends a single dose of Tdap for healthcare professionals who have not previously received Tdap and who have direct patient contact. […] Protection against whooping cough from early childhood vaccines wears off. Adolescents and adults are at risk for infection and need booster doses of vaccine throughout life to remain protected.

• #2 Frequently asked questions about whooping cough | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/whooping-cough/whooping-cough-faq

  Getting vaccinated is the best way to lower the risk of getting whooping cough. […] It’s important to remember that whooping cough never goes away completely. Getting vaccinated and staying away from others when you are sick are the best ways to slow the spread of whooping cough and protect people at highest risk, like babies and people who are pregnant. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that pregnant women get one Tdap vaccine at each pregnancy as early as possible between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation (the third trimester). […] Getting vaccinated while pregnant helps your baby in two ways: (1) the baby gets some short-term protection from your vaccination because you pass it to them before they are born; and (2) you reduce the risk of getting whooping cough yourself and exposing your newborn to the infection.

• #2 Whooping cough | Gouvernement du Québec

  https://www.quebec.ca/en/health/health-issues/a-z/whooping-cough

  Vaccination during pregnancy is highly effective in preventing whooping cough and its complications in the baby. Recent studies show that it prevents approximately: 90% of hospital admissions associated with this infection in children less than 3 months old; 95% of deaths associated with this infection in children less than 3 months old. […] Qubec experts believe that whooping cough vaccination during pregnancy will help prevent a high number of serious whooping cough cases. […] Everyone can be vaccinated against whooping cough free of charge as part of the Qubec Immunization Program.

• #2 Whooping cough : symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/whooping-cough?language=fr

  Prevention is mainly based on vaccination. […] Since 2022, vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended to protect newborn babies before they can be vaccinated themselves. Vaccination is recommended between 20 and 36 weeks of amenorrhea during each pregnancy. […] In the absence of vaccination during pregnancy, postpartum vaccination is recommended for parents and anyone likely to come into close contact with the infant before the age of six months (the „cocooning” strategy). […] Primary vaccination is given to children aged 2 months, 4 months and 11 months. A booster is given at age 6 and a further booster between the ages of 11 and 13. In adults, a booster is recommended at age 25 (a catch-up vaccine is recommended up to the age of 40). […] As well as vaccination, antibiotics must be administered to patients with a confirmed case of whooping cough, and preventive antibiotics should be given to unvaccinated vulnerable individuals (even in the absence of symptoms) or those who have come into direct contact with a case of whooping cough. […] As with all outbreaks of respiratory infections, masks are highly recommended, especially around vulnerable people, in health care facilities and care homes, in confined spaces and on public transport.

• #2 Whooping Cough Prevention: How Everyone in the Family Can Help – Rainbow Pediatrics : Rainbow Pediatrics

  https://www.rainbowpeds.net/whooping-cough-prevention-how-everyone-in-the-family-can-help/

  Whooping Cough Prevention […] The best way to protect your family against whooping cough is through the DTaP vaccine, which is a series of five shots administered beginning at two months of age. The final dose is given before a child turns 6. The vaccines ability to protect against whooping cough lessens over time; therefore booster vaccines (Tdap) should be given at 11 or 12 years of age. […] Pregnant Women – Women who are pregnant should receive the vaccine during the third trimester of every pregnancy to help protect their newborn. Some of the antibodies produced by mom’s body after receiving the immunization are passed onto the baby prior to birth. This helps protect them until they are old enough to receive the vaccine. […] Grandparents – Because whooping cough is highly contagious and immunity decreases with age, it is especially important for grandparents to receive the vaccine at least two weeks prior to coming into contact with an infant. […] […] […] The team at Rainbow Pediatrics wants to help protect your family from whooping cough. If you have questions about the DTaP or Tdap vaccination or would like to schedule your child’s vaccination with one of our pediatric providers, call 910-486-5437 or visit us online.

• #2 Pertussis Treatment and Prophylaxis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/pertussis/hcp/treatment.html

  Antimicrobials are recommended for the treatment of pertussis cases and prophylaxis for some case contacts. The same regimen is used for both. […] In certain situations, close contacts of pertussis cases may be treated with antimicrobials to prevent infection. Prophylaxis should be initiated as soon as possible within 21 days (the maximum incubation period for pertussis) of exposure to an infectious case. Prophylaxis is generally limited to: […] Health care workers who have unprotected exposure and are likely to expose those at high-risk for severe pertussis (such as NICU staff). […] All three macrolides are now considered equally appropriate as first line agents for the treatment or prophylaxis of pertussis for persons 6 months of age and older.

• #2 Whooping Cough (Pertussis) | Vermont Department of Health

  https://www.healthvermont.gov/disease-control/other-reportable-diseases/whooping-cough-pertussis

  The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated with the DTaP or Tdap vaccine. CDC recommends whooping cough vaccination for everyone. Pregnant people are recommended to get whooping cough vaccine during the third trimester of every pregnancy to provide protection to their baby before birth. […] Some people should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting sick if they have been in close contact with someone with whooping cough. Preventive antibiotics are also known as postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis (PEP). These are medicines given to someone who has been exposed to harmful bacteria to help prevent them from getting sick. If you’ve been exposed to someone with whooping cough, talk to a health care provider about preventive antibiotics.

• #2 CDC Releases Guidelines on Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Pertussis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0715/p333.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released guidelines on antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis. […] The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents for postexposure prophylaxis eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected persons. Early macrolide administration can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and shorten the communicability period. Postexposure chemoprophylaxis can be given to asymptomatic contacts to prevent secondary cases, but symptomatic contacts should be treated as if they have pertussis. […] If there is no contraindication, a macrolide can be given as prophylaxis for persons who are in close contact with a patient who has pertussis. […] Giving postexposure prophylaxis to asymptomatic household contacts within 21 days of the original patients cough onset can prevent symptomatic infection. Symptomatic household members should be treated as if they have pertussis. Postexposure prophylaxis should be administered in infants younger than 12 months or women in the third trimester of pregnancy, because they are at risk for severe and possibly deadly complications. The recommended antimicrobial agents and dosages for postexposure prophylaxis are the same as those for the treatment of pertussis.

• #2 Controlling Spread of Pertussis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/pertussis/controlling-spread-pertussis

  The primary goal of post exposure antimicrobial prophylaxis is to prevent death and serious complications from pertussis in individuals at increased risk of severe disease. Appropriate administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis to asymptomatic contacts can prevent symptomatic infection. […] Prophylaxis is generally indicated when: […] Prophylaxis is generally recommended for the following groups, regardless of their immunization status: […] A broader use of PEP may be recommended in rare situations. […] The recommended antibiotics and dosage by age group is identical for treatment and prophylaxis. Therefore, refer to the table in Section 3.B Recommended Treatment Protocol on page 6 for the schedule. […] In home-based child care settings with at least one child less than 12 months of age, it is recommended that all children and all child care providers (including any members of the child care providers families who had any contact with the case during their infectious period) receive prophylaxis. […] The basic principles of case and contact investigation, treatment of cases, and prophylaxis of close contacts apply (see Section 3. B. Recommended Treatment Protocol , Section C. Post Exposure Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Recommendations, and Section 3.D. Isolation).

• #2 Pertussis: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0800/p186.html

  The CDC recommends postexposure prophylaxis within 21 days of exposure in household contacts of someone with pertussis and in those exposed to pertussis who are at high risk of severe illness or in close contact with someone at high risk. […] Azithromycin is the preferred agent for prophylaxis, at the same dosage as pertussis treatment.

• #2

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2012/august/pertussis.aspx

  Immunisation offers the best protection, even in an outbreak. The best protection against pertussis is vaccination. It is important to vaccinate on time to offer young infants as much protection as possible, as early as possible. Children aged under one year, and especially infants aged under six weeks, are most at risk of serious infection from pertussis. […] The multiple dose pertussis vaccine is between 71 85% effective in preventing pertussis. The effectiveness of the vaccine declines considerably over time, with protection lasting between five to ten years. The vaccine can be used preventatively in outbreaks, as initial protection against pertussis develops within 10 14 days of immunisation. However, the pertussis vaccine will be ineffective if infection has already occurred. […] Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for high risk contacts, including: Children aged less than one year, People who spend significant time with infants aged less than one year, such as early childhood carers, Women who are pregnant, particularly in the last month of pregnancy, Those at risk of severe complications, such as people who are immunocompromised and those with severe asthma. […] For prophylaxis of asymptomatic contacts use either erythromycin or in children aged under one year, azithromycin (at the same dose and duration as for treatment). […] In addition, immunisation should be offered to all adult contacts (unfunded) and any children who have not been immunised.

• #2 Whooping cough – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378978

  Antybiotyki zabijają bakterie, które powodują krztusiec. Kiedy je przyjmujesz wcześnie, mogą sprawić, że twoja choroba będzie mniej poważna. […] Mogą również skrócić czas, w którym jesteś narażony na rozprzestrzenienie choroby. Jeśli mieszkasz z innymi osobami, mogą otrzymać antybiotyki, aby pomóc zapobiec ich zachorowaniu. […] Zapobiegaj rozprzestrzenianiu się krztuśca. Zakrywaj kaszel lub kichanie chusteczką lub wewnętrzną stroną łokcia. […] Myj ręce często i przez co najmniej 20 sekund. Jeśli musisz być w pobliżu innych, noś maskę. […] Pozostań w domu z pracy lub szkoły, aż ukończysz co najmniej pięć dni leczenia. […] Jeśli nie otrzymasz leczenia, najbezpieczniej jest unikać innych przez trzy tygodnie po rozpoczęciu objawów. Twoje ciało pozbywa się bakterii do tego czasu, nawet jeśli możesz nadal mieć objawy.

• #2 Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/pertussis-whooping-cough/

  Identification of cases through testing can help ensure people are getting treatment, which can reduce the amount of time they can spread the disease to others. People who think they may have Pertussis should see their healthcare provider for evaluation. People who have pertussis are asked to isolate away from others until they are no longer contagious. This means staying home from work, school, daycare, and all other activities until they are no longer contagious. General advice to prevent all respiratory illnesses include handwashing, covering coughs and sneezes with a tissues, staying home when sick, and avoiding close contact with people who are ill. Routine cleaning and disinfection can also help reduce the number of germs on surfaces and objects.

• #2 Whooping cough (pertussis)

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/whooping_cough_pertussis/

  Antibiotics reduce the severity of illness and risk of transmission if prescribed within the first 14 days of paroxysmal cough or 21 days of symptoms […] Children are no longer infectious to others after 21 days into the illness, or after treatment with antibiotics for 5 days […] Prophylactic treatment of contacts is aimed at preventing spread to infants 6 months of age […] Untreated infants may be infectious for longer than older people […] Treat the following household and/or high-risk contacts within 14 days of their first contact with an infectious case (or within 21 days for infants 6 months) […] Unimmunised or incompletely immunised (3 doses) children 7 years of age must be excluded from school or childcare for 14 days from their last exposure to infection or until they have taken 5 days of appropriate antibiotics […] Close contacts who are not up to date with their pertussis immunisation should be given DTPa or dTpa as soon after exposure as possible […] Adult contacts who have not had pertussis-containing vaccine in the last 10 years should be offered one.

• #2 Pertussis Precautions for Professionals | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/division-infectious-diseases/pertussis-precautions-professionals

  Antibiotic prophylaxis (azithromycin) should be given to ALL household and close contacts, including potentially exposed healthcare workers, regardless of vaccination status. Prophylaxis is most effective within 21 days of cough onset in the index case but should still be considered if there are infants or pregnant women in the household. […] If you have been exposed to pertussis at work, please contact Infection Prevention and Control with the name of the patient, date of exposure(s) and any names of other healthcare workers who you know were exposed. Infection Prevention and Control will forward your information to Occupational Health, who will provide you with prophylaxis if you have been exposed to a confirmed case of pertussis. […] With PEP, we are relying on drug levels to prevent establishment of infection. Since azithromycin remains in the system at therapeutic levels for 10 days following initiation of treatment, if repeat exposure occurs within 10 days of starting the medication (i.e. within five days of completion of fiveday course), then no additional PEP is indicated. […] If repeat exposure occurs after 10 days of starting the medication (i.e. after five days of completion on fiveday course), then repeat PEP is needed.

• #2 Frequently asked questions about whooping cough | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/whooping-cough/whooping-cough-faq

  Women should be vaccinated during each pregnancy because the mother passes some protection to the baby before he or she is born, and because protection from Tdap is most effective within the first year after receiving the vaccine. […] All family members living in your house and anyone who will spend time around your new baby—like grandparents and child care providers—should get the whooping cough vaccine if they have not already done so. […] It is safe to get Tdap while you’re breastfeeding. […] Mothers vaccinated with Tdap may pass some whooping cough antibodies to their babies through breast milk, but it does not provide full protection. […] All healthcare workers should get one dose of Tdap vaccine. This helps protect the workers and their patients. […] We recommend that all healthcare workers have a Tdap vaccination, stay home when they’re sick, and use appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent infection when caring for patients with respiratory infections like whooping cough and flu.

• #2 Pertussis or Whooping Cough Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2171/

  Travelers should be up-to-date with pertussis-containing vaccines before they travel. […] Health care staff who have direct contact with patients should get a single dose of Tdap if they have not already received it. […] Whooping cough is still common in the United States and in many other countries. Make sure that you and your children are fully vaccinated before traveling.

• #2 Whooping cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough

  Pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002. […] Some studies have suggested that while acellular pertussis vaccines effectively prevent disease, they have a limited impact on infection and transmission, meaning that vaccinated people could spread pertussis even though they may have only mild symptoms or none at all.

• #2 Five Things to Know About Whooping Cough | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/blog/whooping-cough

  Preteens should get one shot of Tdap between the ages of 11 and 12 years to boost their immunity and adults who have never received a Tdap vaccine should get one as well. […] Vaccines are effective, but not 100% effective. […] Antibiotics are the best way to treat pertussis. […] It is important that a doctor is seen as soon as possible, and treatment is started early to reduce severity and duration of the illness and the risk of spreading the infection to others. […] To start, see your doctor as soon as symptoms begin to occur and always follow the schedule for taking antibiotics exactly as prescribed. […] Our goal is to keep everyone healthy. This means increasing vaccination rates, practicing universal precautions, and diagnosing and treating early,” Dr. Mora explained. […] If you or someone in your household might have whooping cough, your best course of action is to contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible.

• #2 Increase in Pertussis Cases | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/news-alerts/increase-pertussis-cases

  The best way to prevent pertussis is to get vaccinated. The specifics of the vaccine recommendations can be found here. […] Early recognition of cases, effective treatment and prophylaxis, and appropriate vaccination are vital to limiting the spread of pertussis. […] The best way to protect against pertussis is vaccination. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends pertussis vaccines for people of all ages. […] Ensure infants get the DTaP series on time and that pregnant women are vaccinated every pregnancy with Tdap to help prevent infant hospitalization and death. […] Consider beginning treatment prior to receiving test results, especially if clinical history is strongly suggestive of pertussis […] Treat patients regardless of vaccination history. […] Provide PEP regardless of vaccination history. […] Even in an outbreak, antibiotic prophylaxis is only recommended for household and high-risk contacts. […] Routine prevention steps including hand washing and covering your mouth and nose while sneezing or coughing are essential to prevent the spread of bacteria.

• #2 Understanding and Preventing Pertussis: A Comprehensive Guide to Whoop

  https://www.kidsvillepeds.com/blog/1173601-understanding-and-preventing-pertussis-a-comprehensive-guide-to-whooping-cough/

  In addition to vaccination, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of whooping cough are essential for preventing severe complications and death. […] It’s also important for parents and caregivers to practice good respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene to prevent the spread of whooping cough to others.

• #3 Whooping cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough

  Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine. Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age, with four doses to be given in the first two years of life. Protection from pertussis decreases over time, so additional doses of vaccine are often recommended for older children and adults. Vaccination during pregnancy is highly effective at protecting the infant from pertussis during their vulnerable early months of life, and is recommended in many countries. Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease. […] The primary method of prevention for pertussis is vaccination. Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in those who have been exposed, but are without symptoms. Preventive antibiotics, however, are still used frequently in those who have been exposed and are at high risk of severe disease (such as infants).

• #3 Pertussis – Whooping Cough | Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program | MeCDC | Maine DHHS

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/vaccine/pertussis.shtml

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent pertussis among babies, children, teens and adults. […] The recommended pertussis vaccine for babies and children is called DTaP. This is a combination vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. […] Vaccine protection from DTaP fades over time. […] A booster called Tdap is recommended for teens and adults. Tdap is meant for preteens, teens, and adults and protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. […] Pregnant women should get Tdap during the 3rd trimester of every pregnancy to provide protection from pertussis to the infant. […] Talk to your healthcare provider if you have signs or symptoms of pertussis or were in close contact with someone with pertussis.

• #3 Frequently asked questions about whooping cough | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/whooping-cough/whooping-cough-faq

  Women should be vaccinated during each pregnancy because the mother passes some protection to the baby before he or she is born, and because protection from Tdap is most effective within the first year after receiving the vaccine. […] All family members living in your house and anyone who will spend time around your new baby—like grandparents and child care providers—should get the whooping cough vaccine if they have not already done so. […] It is safe to get Tdap while you’re breastfeeding. […] Mothers vaccinated with Tdap may pass some whooping cough antibodies to their babies through breast milk, but it does not provide full protection. […] All healthcare workers should get one dose of Tdap vaccine. This helps protect the workers and their patients. […] We recommend that all healthcare workers have a Tdap vaccination, stay home when they’re sick, and use appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent infection when caring for patients with respiratory infections like whooping cough and flu.

• #3 Pertussis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/pertussis

  Active immunization against pertussis is recommended for all infants, children, adolescents, and adults, including pregnant women. […] Postexposure antibiotics should be given to household contacts within 21 days of the onset of cough in the index patient, whether they have been vaccinated or not. […] Postexposure antibiotics should also be given to the following people at high-risk of severe disease within 21 days of exposure, whether they have been vaccinated or not: Infants, Women in the third trimester of pregnancy, All people with health conditions potentially exacerbated by pertussis infection (eg, immunodeficiency, moderate to severe asthma, chronic lung disease), People who have close contact with infants, All people in high-risk settings that include infants. […] These people should be given a standard 5-day course of azithromycin. A 7- to 14-day course of erythromycin or clarithromycin (7 days) is an alternative. For infants azithromycin is preferred for postexposure prophylaxis. […] Prevent the disease by giving an acellular pertussis vaccine as part of scheduled immunization and give booster doses at varying intervals; treat close contacts with a macrolide.

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