Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cyclothymic Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557877/

  Cyclothymia is an affective disorder characterized by emotional reactivity and affective dysregulation. […] This activity will review the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of cyclothymia and highlights the importance of an interprofessional team in its treatment. […] In DSM-5, it is subsumed under the category of bipolar mood disorders. […] In the event, clinicians find themselves pulled in varying directions regarding the correct diagnosis of an emotionally dysregulated patient, consideration of cyclothymia should be paramount. […] This article will shed light on this misunderstood and often misdiagnosed disorder. […] Once organic perturbations have been ruled out, a full psychiatric exam should be performed. […] As mentioned in the introduction, cyclothymic symptomatology overlaps with manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes, without meeting their full diagnostic threshold.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cyclothymia: The “Primacy” of Temperament

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405616/

  Background: Contrary to DSM-5 definition based on recurrence of low grade hypomanic and depressive symptoms, cyclothymia is better defined in a neurodevelopmental perspective as an exaggeration of cyclothymic temperament. Emotional dysregulation with extreme mood instability and reactivity is the core features of the complex symptomatology. […] In the present article, we critically reviewed the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of cyclothymia, focusing on the temperamental and neurodevelopmental perspectives. […] Current epidemiological and clinical research showed the high prevalence and the validity of cyclothymia as a distinct form of bipolarity, frequently associated with multiple comorbidities with anxiety, impulse control, substance use, and so called personality disorders. Many patients receive correct diagnosis and treatments after many years of illness, when the superposition of complications reduces the possibility of complete remission. A therapeutic model combining the focus on symptomatic presentations with a temperamental perspective seems to represent an effective approach for cyclothymic patients with complex clinical presentations.

• #3 Cyclothymic Disorder DSM-5 301.13 (F34.0)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/cyclothymic-disorder-dsm–5-301.13-(f34.0)

  Cyclothymic Disorder is a DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), diagnosis assigned to individuals who experience mood cycling over a two year period, but have not met the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I, Bipolar II, or Depressive disorder. […] The diagnosis of cyclothymia, bipolar I or II, or a Depressive disorder should considered with clinical skepticism, increasingly more so with younger children. […] According to the DSM-5, there are six diagnostic criterion, with one specifier: […] The disorder can also be diagnosed in children or adolescents, but the observational period for symptoms is one year rather than two. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] The DSM-5 notes that the typical onset of Cyclothymic Disorder is in adolescence or early adulthood, though it can appear in children (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

• #4 Cyclothymic Disorder DSM-5 301.13 (F34.0)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/cyclothymic-disorder-dsm–5-301.13-(f34.0)

  According to the DSM-5, the lifetime prevalence of Cyclothymic Disorder is .04% to 1%. […] The DSM-5 indicates that risk factors for Cyclothymic Disorder are having a first degree relative with bipolar I (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] The DSM-5 does not specify treatment options for Cyclothymic Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] Cyclothymic Disorder can impact social and occupational functioning. […] There are diagnostic rule-outs for the clinician to consider. […] For an accurate diagnoses, once substance use disorder has been established, the individual should be verified drug and alcohol free for at least six months through objective measures such as enzyme-immunoassay urine toxicology screening and observation. If the mood symptoms persist, than a diagnosis of a mood disorder should be considered. […] Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can produce mood cycling.

• #5 Understanding Cyclothymia Disorder in the Shadow of Bipolar

  https://www.cadabams.org/blog/cyclothymic-disorder-in-the-shadow-of-bipolar

  Cyclothymic Disorder, a milder form of bipolar disorder, navigates the nuanced spectrum of mood variations. Characterized by alternating periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, its subtlety often masks its impact. This article delves into understanding Cyclothymia, shedding light on its symptoms, diagnosis, and management, offering insights into this less recognized yet significant mental health condition. […] Cyclothymic disorder affects roughly 0.4-1% of the population, impacting both men and women equally. It often emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood, though diagnosis might be delayed due to the subtle nature of the symptoms. […] Recognizing the pattern is key. Look for persistent, recurring episodes of hypomania and depression lasting at least two years, impacting daily life but not reaching the intensity of bipolar disorders.

• #5 Understanding Cyclothymia Disorder in the Shadow of Bipolar

  https://www.cadabams.org/blog/cyclothymic-disorder-in-the-shadow-of-bipolar

  Professional evaluation is crucial. Lets look into the diagnostic process, which involves physical examinations, psychological assessments, and detailed mood tracking for accurate diagnosis. […] Keeping a mood journal is key. Documenting daily emotional fluctuations, sleep patterns, and activities over several weeks aids in identifying cyclic patterns and understanding triggers. […] Recovery from cyclothymic disorder varies: Symptoms can be managed, but it’s often a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. With the right support, individuals can experience a good quality of life and stability. […] Remember, seeking professional help is crucial for diagnosis, treatment plan development, and ongoing support.

• #6 Cyclothymia (Cyclothymic Disorder): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17788-cyclothymia

  Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) is a milder form of bipolar disorder involving frequent mood swings of hypomanic and mild depressive episodes. […] Because many of the symptoms of cyclothymia overlap with other mental health conditions, many researchers think cyclothymia is considerably underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. […] It can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose cyclothymia, as it has many overlapping symptoms of other mental health conditions, including major depressive disorder, bipolar II disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, neurodevelopmental disorders, and personality disorders. […] To diagnose cyclothymia, a provider may use many tools, including a physical exam, a thorough medical history, medical tests, and a mental health evaluation. […] Providers diagnose cyclothymia when your symptoms (alternating hypomanic and depressive episodes) have been present for at least 50% of the time for at least two years. […] In addition, the symptoms must cause significant distress or impair daily functioning. But they can’t be severe enough to meet the criteria for either major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

• #7 Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275

  Cyclothymia (sy-kloe-THIE-me-uh), also called cyclothymic disorder, is a rare mood disorder. […] Treatment options for cyclothymia include talk therapy (psychotherapy), medications and close, ongoing follow-up with your doctor. […] If you have any symptoms of cyclothymia, seek medical help as soon as possible. Cyclothymia generally doesn’t get better on its own. […] Cyclothymia is thought to be relatively rare. But true estimates are hard to make because people may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as having other mood disorders, such as depression. […] If you have cyclothymia: Not treating it can result in significant emotional problems that affect every area of your life. […] There’s no sure way to prevent cyclothymia. However, treatment at the earliest indication of a mental health disorder can help prevent cyclothymia from worsening.

• #8 Cyclothymia (Cyclothymic Disorder): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/post/cyclothymia-cyclothymic-disorder-symptoms-causes-treatment

  Cyclothymia, though not well known, is pretty common: Research suggests that approximately 20-50% of people who seek treatment for mood, anxiety, impulsive, or addictive disorders may be impacted by cyclothymia. […] Despite how prevalent cyclothymia is, some experts have questioned when and how it’s diagnosed—and whether it should be a subtype of bipolar disorder instead of its own condition. As a result, cyclothymia may also be rarely clinically diagnosed. […] Clinical diagnosis by a mental health provider can help people understand if they have cyclothymia, bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder, depression, or a related psychiatric disorder. Diagnosis may incorporate a physical exam (in case a medication condition could be impacting mental health), psychological evaluation, and keeping a daily record of moods, sleep patterns, and other symptoms.

• #9 Cyclothymic Disorder – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/mood-disorders/cyclothymic-disorder

  Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by hypomanic and mini-depressive symptoms that last a few days, follow an irregular course, and are less severe than those in bipolar disorder; these symptom periods must occur for more than half the days during a period of 2 years. Diagnosis is clinical and based on history. […] Diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is based on the following diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed, Text Revision, which must have been present for at least 2 years: Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. Symptoms have been present for at least half of the 2-year period and the individual has not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. […] Also, the symptoms are not attributable to another psychiatric disorder (eg, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder) or the psychological effects of a substance (eg, schizoaffective disorder) or other medical condition (eg, hyperthyroidism).

• #10 Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/cyclothymia-cyclothymic-disorder

  For a diagnosis of cyclothymia, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, lists these points: […] You’ve had many periods of elevated mood (hypomanic symptoms) and periods of depressive symptoms for at least two years (one year for children and teenagers) with these highs and lows occurring during at least half that time. […] Periods of stable moods usually last less than two months. […] Your symptoms significantly affect you socially, at work, at school or in other important areas. […] Your symptoms don’t meet the criteria for bipolar disorder, major depression or another mental disorder. […] Your symptoms aren’t caused by substance use or a medical condition.

• #10 Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/cyclothymia-cyclothymic-disorder

  Your doctor or other health care provider must determine if you have cyclothymia, bipolar I or II disorder, depression, or another condition that may be causing your symptoms. To help pinpoint a diagnosis for your symptoms, you’ll likely have several exams and tests, which generally include: […] A physical exam and lab tests may be done to help identify any medical problems that could be causing your symptoms. […] A doctor or mental health provider will talk with you about your thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns. You may also fill out a psychological self-assessment or questionnaire. With your permission, family members or close friends may be asked to provide information about your symptoms, such as possible hypomanic or depressive symptoms. […] To identify what’s going on, your doctor may have you keep a daily record of your moods, sleep patterns or other factors that could help with diagnosis and finding the right treatment.

• #11 Cyclothymic Disorder | Diagnosis and treatment in Dubai

  https://chmc-dubai.com/disorders/cyclothymic-disorder-diagnosis-treatment/

  According to the DSM-5, six diagnostic criterions should be met: […] For at least 2 years, there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. […] During the above 2-year period, the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time, and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. […] Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met. […] Differentiating cyclothymia from other mood disorders is essential, as certain medical or psychiatric conditions can mimic the symptoms of cyclothymic disorder. […] Once organic causes are ruled out, clinicians need to differentiate between psychiatric conditions.

• #12 Cyclothymic Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/bipolar/cyclothymic

  Cyclothymic disorder is a mood disorder characterized by chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances that consist of numerous hypomanic symptoms (not a hypomanic episode) and depressive symptoms (not a depressive episode), that are chronologically distinct from each other. It is best conceptualized as mild form of bipolar II disorder. […] Despite these relatively high estimated prevalence rates, cyclothymic disorder is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. […] For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. […] During the above 2 year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.

• #13 Cyclothymic Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/bipolar/cyclothymic

  Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met. […] The symptoms in Criterion A are not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder. […] The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. – a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g. – hyperthyroidism). […] The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The pathophysiology of cyclothymic disorder is not well understood. Given its connection to bipolar disorder, there may be similar underlying mechanisms. […] There remains limited research on treatments for cyclothymic disorder.

• #14 Cyclothymic Disorder (301.13) – Abnormal Psychology

  https://fscj.pressbooks.pub/abnormalpsychology/chapter/cyclothymic-disorder-301-13/

  A. For at least 2 years, the presence of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a Major Depressive Episode. Note; in children and adolescents, the duration must be at least 1 year. […] B. During the above 2 year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the person has not been without the symptoms in Criteria A for more than 2 months at a time […] C. No Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode, or Mixed Episode has been present during the first 2 years of the disturbance. […] D. The symptoms in Criteria A are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. […] E. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug abuse, a medication) or a general medical conditioned (e.g. hyperthyroidism).

• #15 Cyclothymic Disorder (301.13) – Abnormal Psychology

  https://fscj.pressbooks.pub/abnormalpsychology/chapter/cyclothymic-disorder-301-13/

  F. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] Cyclothymic Disorder is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms. These symptoms do not qualify for either a diagnosis of a full Manic Episode or Major Depressive Episode. […] In children and/or adolescents, symptoms only need to be present for one year as opposed to two years in adults. […] There will be no change in this disorder in the DSM-V.

• #16 Cyclothymia (Cyclothymic Disorder): Sign & Cure | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder/

  Diagnosis will be made by taking a medical history, possibly in discussion with a psychiatrist. Blood and urine tests may be carried out to eliminate physical causes for the mood swings. For example, hyperthyroidism may also cause mood swings. […] Cyclothymic disorder shares some characteristics with bipolar disorder, but is less intense. This can feel as though the condition is being classified as not serious, when in fact it can have a significant impact on a persons life. […] The ICD-10 defines cyclothymic disorder as having numerous periods of depression and mild elation, or hypomania, none of which are severe, or extended enough, to be classified as bipolar disorder. […] DSM-5 criteria defines cyclothymic disorder as having the same mood swings as the ICD-10, but notes that: A person should have had many periods of hypomania, and periods of depression for at least two years, or one year in children and teenagers; Stable moods should last for less than two months at a time; Symptoms do not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder or another mental health condition; Symptoms are not caused by another medical condition or by substance misuse; Symptoms significantly affect day-to-day life.

• #17 A Beginner’s Guide to Cyclothymic Disorder – Onyx Behavioral Health

  https://onyxbh.com/a-beginners-guide-to-cyclothymic-disorder/

  One of the primary challenges in diagnosing cyclothymic disorder stems from its symptom overlap with other mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The nuanced nature of cyclothymic symptoms requires a detailed assessment of the patient’s history, intensity, and duration of symptoms to ensure a correct diagnosis.

• #18 Cyclothymia: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/mental-health/cyclothymia

  Since cyclothymia is a lifelong condition, charting your mood can help you track fluctuations over time to see how often you experience symptoms. […] Your primary care doctor may also recommend a physical exam to rule out any medical causes for overwhelming and unusual shifts in mood, like hyperthyroidism or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] If your mood fluctuates between highs and lows that last for a day or more and these shifts complicate your daily life and relationships, Guarino recommends talking to a healthcare professional about cyclothymia.

• #19 Cyclothymic Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/disorder/cyclothymic/

  While there are no specific blood or urine tests to diagnose cyclothymic disorder, medical evaluations may include these tests to rule out other conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, which mimics mood disorder symptoms. […] The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing cyclothymic disorder are based on the presence of numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that last for at least two years in adults (one year in children and adolescents). During this time, the individual must experience these symptoms for at least half the duration and not be symptom-free for more than two months. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, and other mental health conditions, substances, or medical issues cannot better explain the disorder.

• #20 Cyclothymic Disorder – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/mental-health/cyclothymic-disorder/

  To properly diagnose Cyclothymic Disorder, a doctor may order the following tests: – Complete blood count – Comprehensive metabolic profile – Thyroid panel – Vitamin B-12 and folate levels – Ammonia levels – Urinalysis – Brain imaging […] Once physical disturbances have been ruled out, a thorough psychiatric exam will be performed, including investigating the patient’s current illness, previous psychiatric history, social history, substance use history, family’s psychiatric history, conducting a psychiatric review of symptoms, and carrying out a mental status exam. […] Cyclothymic Disorder is treated by managing risk factors, recognizing symptoms early, and using the right treatments, which include education about the disorder, medication, and counseling. The main focus of these treatments is to address the constant emotional instability associated with the disorder.

• #21 Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/cyclothymic-disorder-cyclothymia

  Cyclothymic disorder is defined by repeat periods of hypomania (high moods) and depression (low moods) that have lasted at least 2 years in adults or 1 year in children or adolescents. […] You might receive a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder if you’ve spent at least 2 years experiencing hypomanic and depressive moods, but the symptoms aren’t severe enough to meet the DSM-5 criteria for bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder. […] For a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, your healthcare provider will rule out other causes, such as: bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, substance use, medication side effects, another medical condition, such as multiple sclerosis.

• #22 Cyclothymia in primary care: an important diagnosis but easy to miss (with consequences) – BJGP Life

  https://bjgplife.com/cyclothymia-in-primary-care-an-important-diagnosis-but-easy-to-miss-with-consequences/

  What is cyclothymia? The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition categorise cyclothymic disorder as a mood disorder, characterised by a 2-year period during which an individual experiences multiple hypomanic (such as euphoria, irritability, or expansiveness, and psychomotor activation) and dysthymic (such as feeling down, diminished interest in activities, and fatigue) symptoms that are present during more of the time than not; but which do not reach the threshold for manic episode or a depressive episode. The symptoms can result in significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] Diagnosis is, however, difficult. There are several common diagnostic features with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), including impulsivity, mood instability, inappropriate anger, suicidal behaviour, and unstable relationships, but, unlike EUPD, neither bipolar-II nor cyclothymic disorder include persistent problems in self-functioning or interpersonal dysfunction.

• #23 Cyclothymia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclothymia

  Cyclothymia is classified in DSM-5 as a subtype of bipolar disorder. The criteria are: Periods of elevated mood and depressive symptoms for at least half the time during the last two years for adults and one year for children and teenagers. […] The DSM-5 criteria for cyclothymia are restrictive according to some researchers. This affects the diagnosis of cyclothymia because fewer people get diagnosed than potentially could. […] Cyclothymia is often not recognized by the affected individual or medical professionals due to its ostensibly mild symptoms. In addition, it is difficult to identify and classify. […] Most people with the disorder present in a depressive state, not realizing that their hypomanic states are abnormal.

• #24 Cyclothymia (Cyclothymic Disorder) Symptoms, Treatments, Causes, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/cyclothymia-cyclothymic-disorder

  Cyclothymia frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated. Most people’s symptoms are mild enough that they do not seek mental health treatment. […] The depressive symptoms of cyclothymic disorder are typically more frequent, unpleasant, and disabling than the hypomanic symptoms. Feelings of depression or instability are usually what cause people with cyclothymia to seek help. […] No medicines are specifically approved for the treatment of cyclothymia, although mood stabilizers such as lamotrigine or lithium are sometimes recommended as a possible strategy to reduce mood fluctuations. […] Technically speaking, when elevated or depressed moods become severe, a person no longer has cyclothymia but rather has bipolar disorder. This progression to more severe symptoms can happen, and this is when many people first receive treatment.

• #25 Cyclothymia: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/cyclothymia

  Cyclothymia, or cyclothymic disorder, is a mild mood disorder with symptoms similar to bipolar II disorder. […] Symptoms must be present for at least two years before a diagnosis of cyclothymia may be made (one year in children). […] According to the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), cyclothymia is distinguished from bipolar disorder because it lacks the full criteria of major depression, mania, or a mixed episode disorder. […] A person does not have cyclothymia if they feel symptom-free for more than two months. To distinguish cyclothymia from regular moodiness, your doctor will compare your symptoms to the following clinical criteria: […] Your doctor will discuss your symptoms and medical history with you. He/she may also ask you questions about your use of drugs or alcohol. […] Lab tests may also be performed to rule out other medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms.

• #26 Cyclothymic disorder: Symptoms and treatment of bipolar III disorder

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bipolar-3

  Bipolar III disorder may be difficult to identify due to the complexity of the disorder. […] The American Psychiatric Association says individuals should show symptoms of bipolar III disorder for at least 2 years before a diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis process may be lengthy. […] When diagnosing bipolar disorder of any type, a healthcare professional may first conduct a physical examination. They may also order lab tests to rule out any other conditions. […] Healthcare professionals may also discuss a persons symptoms, perform a mental health assessment, and talk about family history and life experiences. […] If a healthcare professional believes a person may have any type of bipolar disorder, they can refer them to a mental health professional. This can be a psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker. These mental health professionals may be able to provide a specific diagnosis.

• #27 Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder): Treatments and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cyclothymia

  Cyclothymia is a mood disorder in which a person experiences periods of mild depressive symptoms followed by periods of mild mania. […] A doctor or psychiatrist will use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to determine whether or not a person has cyclothymia. […] According to the DSM-5, a person will need to meet the following criteria in order to receive a diagnosis of cyclothymia: The person has had hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms for at least 2 consecutive years (or for 1 year in children and adolescents). […] The symptoms are causing the person distress and affecting their day-to-day life. […] A person with cyclothymia will experience hypomanic and depressive symptoms. However, the severity and duration of these symptoms are not sufficient to meet the criteria for bipolar II disorder. […] According to the DSM-5, there is a 1550% chance that a person with cyclothymia will later develop bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.

• #28 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cyclothymia: The “Primacy” of Temperament

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405616/

  In the present article, we reviewed the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of cyclothymia, focusing on the temperamental and neurodevelopmental perspectives. […] The relationship between cyclothymic temperament and BD are expressed at different levels. The temperamental disposition can be considered a vulnerability factor for the onset of a full-blown BD episode and most comorbid conditions; may influence the course of BD and the clinical expression of depressive, manic or mixed episodes; requires a specific approach for the treatment and management of the concomitant mood disorder. […] Both DSM-5 and ICD-10 recognizes that cyclothymic disorder is often observed in the relatives of BD patients and that some patients with cyclothymia eventually develop BD. The observation of cyclothymic temperament in children and adolescents with depression has been considered one of the strongest predictor for the further development of BD.

• #29 Mood Disorders: Dysthymic Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mood-disorders

  Cyclothymic disorder is often thought of as a mild form of bipolar disorder. […] With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don’t last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. […] Up to 1% of the U.S. population equal numbers of men and women have cyclothymia. […] A diagnosis of PDD in adults requires at least a 2-year history of depressed mood for most of the day on most days, along with at least two of the symptoms noted above. […] Your symptoms will switch between highs and lows when you have cyclothymic disorder. […] This pattern of episodes must be present for at least 2 years. […] There’s no specific test to find out whether you have a mood disorder. […] Doctors use questionnaires and rating scales to help diagnose mood disorders. […] Cyclothymic disorder treatment includes a combination of mood stabilizers and psychotherapy.

• #30 Cyclothymic Disorder: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

  https://angolodeldottorino.it/en/Medicine/depression/cyclothymia.php

  Diagnostic criteria include the following: Presence, for at least 2 years (1 year in minors), of multiple periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet full criteria for a hypomanic episode and multiple periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. […] In unclear cases, assessment tools such as the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) and MOODS-SR, or daily mood charts, can help document the fluctuation of symptoms over time.

• #31 Psychiatry.org – What Are Bipolar Disorders?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders

  Bipolar disorder is a category that includes three main diagnoses: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder. […] Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder involving many „mood swings,” with hypomania and depressive symptoms that occur frequently. People with cyclothymia experience emotional ups and downs but with less severe symptoms than bipolar I or II disorder. […] Treatment for cyclothymic disorder can involve medication and talk therapy. For many people, talk therapy can help with the stresses of mood swings. Keeping a mood journal can be an effective way to observe patterns in mood fluctuation. People with cyclothymia may start and stop treatment over time.

• #32 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cyclothymia: The “Primacy” of Temperament

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405616/

  Unresolved issues concern its diagnostic delimitation and the possible relationships with emotional dysregulation observed in other neurodevelopmental disorders. We need to confirm the specificity of the disorder and to improve its recognition in early phase of the life, especially in youth. Early recognition means avoiding unnecessary complications and establishing specific treatments and clinical management since the beginning. […] Cyclothymia is characterized by early onset, persistent, spontaneous and reactive mood fluctuations, associated with a variety of anxious and impulsive behaviors, resulting in a very rich and complex clinical presentation. Current diagnostic criteria for cyclothymic disorder (DSM-5 and ICD-10), emphasizing only episodic mood symptoms, may be misleading both from diagnostic and therapeutic point of views.

• #33 Cyclothymia vs Bipolar: What You Need to Know

  https://goodhealthpsych.com/blog/cyclothymia-vs-bipolar-what-patients-and-families-need-to-know/

  Under the category of mood disorders, there are several conditions with which a person can be diagnosed. When looking at the subcategory of bipolar disorder, there are three main disorders: […] Distinguishing between bipolar disorder vs cyclothymia is important for patients and physicians alike because the symptoms and subsequent treatments are slightly different. Effectively managing a condition and getting the right type of support requires a correct diagnosis. A correct diagnosis starts with understanding the difference between cyclothymia and bipolar. […] Cyclothymia is categorized as a milder form of the disorder where hypomania and depressive symptoms occur frequently, but the symptoms are less severe compared to bipolar. […] With cyclothymia, symptoms must present for at least two years with frequent periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms. However, both sets of symptoms must present as slightly less severe compared to bipolar. Moreover, during the 2-year time frame, those mood swings must present continually at least half of the time, never dissipating for more than two months.

• #34 Cyclothymia vs Bipolar: What You Need to Know

  https://goodhealthpsych.com/blog/cyclothymia-vs-bipolar-what-patients-and-families-need-to-know/

  The biggest difference between cyclothymia and bipolar disorder is the severity of symptoms and their frequency/duration. However, both symptoms can have a detrimental impact on individuals and families. For that reason, ongoing education, support, and advocacy are things you should consider to help improve your life and the lives of those affected by these disorders.

• #35 Cyclothymia vs. Bipolar Disorder: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.therapytrainings.com/pages/blog/cyclothymia-vs-bipolar-disorder-differential-diagnosis-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqUg8zp5CN3In1bJQOYI2bTjraAjdRFVna-45BOUnMQvfIgRcNC

  Cyclothymia, also known as cyclothymic disorder, is a chronic mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms. These mood fluctuations are less severe than those experienced in bipolar disorder but persist for at least two years in adults (one year in children and adolescents). […] Differentiating between cyclothymia and bipolar disorder can be challenging for several reasons: […] The diagnostic criteria for cyclothymia and bipolar disorder differ in terms of symptom presentation and duration. […] Numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents) […] Symptoms do not meet full criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode. […] Diagnosis: Based on the assessment, Sarah meets the criteria for cyclothymia rather than bipolar II disorder. […] Understanding the distinctions between cyclothymia and bipolar disorder is crucial for mental health professionals to provide accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans.

• #36 Cyclothymic Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder

  Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a form of bipolar disorder characterized by distinct episodes of hypomanic symptoms (elevated mood and euphoria) and depressive symptoms over a period of at least two years. […] According to the DSM-5, cyclothymic disorder is manifest when, for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents), an individual displays periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms but the mood disturbances do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode. […] The condition usually has an insidious onset. […] It is not uncommon for people with cyclothymic disorder to also have diagnoses of substance-related disorders and sleep disorders. […] A manic episode is characterized by elevated mood, excitability, and often psychotic symptoms as well.

• #37 What is Cyclothymia? A Lesser-Known Bipolar Disorder | CHC

  https://www.cornerstonehealingcenter.com/what-is-cyclothymia-bipolar-disorder

  Seeking support early is essential when it comes to managing cyclothymic disorder. […] Getting an early diagnosis and starting treatment can prevent the condition from worsening, potentially stopping it from progressing into a more severe form of bipolar disorder. […] The earlier you get help, the sooner you can get your symptoms in check. […] This can have a positive impact on multiple aspects of your life, such as by making it easier to hold a stable job or maintain healthy relationships. […] Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential steps, and no one has to go through this journey alone.

• #38 Cyclothymic Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557877/

  The treatment of cyclothymia rests upon managing risk factors, recognizing early symptoms, and implementing appropriate interventions, including psychoeducation, pharmacotherapy, and counseling. […] The primary target of the aforementioned therapies should be focused on the pervasive underlying affective dysregulation. […] To date, there are no approved FDA-recommended psychotropic medications for the treatment of cyclothymic disorder. […] Current research recommends withholding the use of antidepressants in the setting of cyclothymia as it can exacerbate symptomatology. […] A detailed psychiatric evaluation will help the clinician to decipher between ambiguous presentations. […] The prognosis of cyclothymia is variable. […] The importance of psychoeducation cannot be sufficiently emphasized in the setting of cyclothymia. […] Management of cyclothymia, along with the rest of the bipolar disorders, often requires an interprofessional team approach, including the primary care clinician, psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker, as well as family and friends.

• #39 Cyclothymic Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder

  Studies have documented that several kinds of psychotherapy provided to patients and their families can lead to increased mood stability, fewer hospitalizations, and improved functioning in several areas. […] Psychoeducation involves teaching people with bipolar disorder about the condition and its treatment and how to recognize signs of relapse so that early intervention can be sought before a full-blown episode occurs.

• #40 Cyclothymia in primary care: an important diagnosis but easy to miss (with consequences) – BJGP Life

  https://bjgplife.com/cyclothymia-in-primary-care-an-important-diagnosis-but-easy-to-miss-with-consequences/

  The authors believe that secondary care should support GPs and primary care mental health practitioners with making this diagnosis, but recognise that this support is not always available. […] Consideration of cyclothymia in the differential diagnosis of patients with unresolving depressive symptoms may aid referral to specialist care for diagnosis and advice on management.

• #41 Cyclothymic Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/81247

  The symptoms identified must have caused significant impairment in the patient’s life. […] The treatment of cyclothymia rests upon managing risk factors, recognizing early symptoms, and implementing appropriate interventions, including psychoeducation, pharmacotherapy, and counseling. […] To date, there are no approved FDA-recommended psychotropic medications for the treatment of cyclothymic disorder. […] Current research recommends withholding the use of antidepressants in the setting of cyclothymia as it can exacerbate symptomatology. […] Management of cyclothymia, along with the rest of the bipolar disorders, often requires an interprofessional team approach, including the primary care clinician, psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker, as well as family and friends.

• #42 Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) Overview | BetterHelp

  https://www.betterhelp.com/mental-health/disorders-conditions/cyclothymic-disorder/

  Treatment plans can be tailored to an individual’s unique needs and symptoms, with regular adjustments based on the individual’s response to treatment. […] Understanding these cognitive aspects could pave the way for more targeted cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches tailored to the specific needs of individuals with cyclothymic disorder.

• #43 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cyclothymia: The “Primacy” of Temperament

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405616/

  Although there are few evidence-based data regarding the influence of co-existing cyclothymia on BD response to pharmacological treatment, it has been shown that a substantial proportion of bipolar patients showing scarce, excessive or anomalous response to usual treatments share a cyclothymic diathesis. […] The current knowledge on this topic is mainly assigned to few naturalistic reports, clinical observations and expert opinions. […] A therapeutic model combining the focus on symptomatic presentations with a temperamental perspective seems to represent an effective approach for cyclothymic patients with complex clinical presentations characterized by mood instability, depression, excitement, anxiety, impulse control, substance use disorders. Establishing specific treatments and clinical management since the beginning prevents unnecessary complications and risks, especially those related to antidepressants exposure.

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