Materiały źródłowe

• #1 How to prevent type 2 diabetes | Diabetes UK

  https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-diabetes/type-2-diabetes/preventing

  More than 3.2 million people in the UK are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes based on blood sugar levels. […] Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes can sometimes be prevented. […] Research has shown that for some people, a combination of lifestyle changes can reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes by about 50%. […] But the main things you can do to lower your chance of developing type 2 diabetes is to eat more healthily, lose weight if needed so you have a healthy weight and healthy waist size and move more and exercise. […] Looking after your weight and being more active makes it easier for your body to manage your blood sugar levels and help prevent insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. […] Half of people at risk of type 2 diabetes can reduce their risk or delay the condition developing by eating healthily as well as keeping to a healthy weight and waist size.

• #2 Diabetes Prevention Programs – YMCA

  https://www.ymca.org/what-we-do/healthy-living/fitness/diabetes-prevention

  Forming healthy habits can be hard without a support system. We’re here to give you the encouragement you need to eat better, increase your physical activity and lose weight all of which can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. […] If you believe you are at risk for developing diabetes, there is something you can do about it. People with prediabetes who make the kinds of basic lifestyle changes the YMCA’s Diabetes Prevention Program suggestsmodest weight loss, eating healthy and regular physical activityhave been shown to reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. […] Based on research from the National Institutes of Health, programs like YMCA’s Diabetes Prevention Program reduces new cases of type 2 diabetes by 58% overall and 71% in individuals over age 60. […] The program has taught us to make reasonable lifestyle changes to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes, and this next phase LIFEwill be an ongoing test of everything weve learned during this year together and a challenge to stay focused on our health goals.

• #3 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8040084/

  According to Hippocrates of Kos (460-377 BC) preventing is better than treating. In the case of pediatric T2DM with the difficult management and early serious complications, this could not be more true. […] A primordial prevention approach aiming at modifiable risk factors, starting as early as before birth and extending throughout childhood, can have the greatest impact on preventing T2DM. […] One of the earliest points of youth T2DM prevention is the reduction of overweight and obese status during pregnancy. […] Addressing obesity and diabetes during pregnancy will not only protect youth from T2DM but could also prove beneficial at the population level by mitigating the so-called vicious cycle of diabetes and obesity. […] In order to prevent youth T2DM, one should clearly focus on intrauterine life, but postnatal exposures seem to play an equally important role.

• #4 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i4/344.htm

  According to Hippocrates of Kos (460-377 BC) preventing is better than treating. In the case of pediatric T2DM with the difficult management and early serious complications, this could not be more true. […] Therefore, a primordial prevention approach aiming at modifiable risk factors, starting as early as before birth and extending throughout childhood, can have the greatest impact on preventing T2DM.

• #5 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1101/p590.html

  The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type 2 diabetes beginning at 10 years of age or the onset of puberty in children who are overweight or obese and have two additional risk factors. […] Management should be focused on a multidisciplinary, family-centered approach. Nutrition and exercise counseling should be started at the time of diagnosis and as a part of ongoing management. […] Nutritional counseling should be initiated when type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, then addressed as part of ongoing management. […] Exercise counseling should also be addressed at the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed and as a part of ongoing management. […] Lifestyle changes are most successful when the patient’s entire family is involved. […] The American Diabetes Association recommends routine blood pressure checks in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. […] There is only limited evidence for medical interventions in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Future studies should explore whether lifestyle changes without pharmacotherapy are a reliable first step in treating selected children with type 2 diabetes.

• #6 Diabetes in Children: Signs & Prevention – Pediatric Care Group, P.C.

  https://pcgkids.com/2021/07/21/diabetes-month-care-and-prevention/

  Type 2 Diabetes is less common in young children, however it is still possible. Type 2 Diabetes is typically the result of these two issues: […] Unlike Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be prevented in children. While kids and teens might be able to delay or prevent Type 2 diabetes by managing their weight and engaging in physical activity, there are other risk factors for type 2 diabetes that can’t be mitigated. Children with one or more family members with Type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk for the disease, with some ethnic and racial groups even more likely to develop it. Parents can help kids manage their risk for Type 2 diabetes by ensuring they maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to avoid risk factors such as obesity, excessive weight gain, and a sedentary lifestyle.

• #7 Children and type 2 diabetes | Guide to diabetes | Diabetes UK

  https://www.diabetes.org.uk/living-with-diabetes/life-with-diabetes/children-and-diabetes/type-2

  Eating a healthy, balanced diet that includes more fruits and vegetables plus getting active is the best way to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults as well as under-18s. […] For children with overweight or obesity, changes like these will help them manage their weight. If youre worried about your child developing type 2 diabetes because they arent very active, they live with overweight or obesity, or have any other risk factors, speak to your GP about getting them support. […] Research has shown that there are several risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. These include ethnicity, family history, and weight. […] Evidence suggests that lifestyle changes are easiest to stick to if the whole family gets involved.

• #8 What doctors wish patients knew about type 2 diabetes prevention | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/diabetes/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-type-2-diabetes-prevention

  People who have a strong family history of type 2 diabetes are at much higher risk as well as people who struggle with obesity, said Dr. Kirley. […] Other people who are at risk include people who had gestational diabetes when they were pregnant, said Dr. Kirley. […] If a person can identify that they have prediabetes or some of those other risk factors such as obesity, then we still encourage people to examine whether there are changes that they can make that would help decrease their risk. […] Diabetes tends to run in families, so interventions that help the entire family are the way to think about preventing type 2 diabetes, said Dr. Kirley, noting that family members can support each other by working together to make healthy behavior changes. […] Your physician can help connect you to preventive interventions such as the Diabetes Prevention Program. […] Taking the risk test will help assess your risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, and it can also help you figure out how to talk to your physician about this issue.

• #9 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  All children should receive guidance promoting healthy eating, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, limiting screen time, improving sleep quantity and quality, decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing both light and vigorous physical activity to prevent type 2 diabetes. […] Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Screening for type 2 diabetes should be considered every 2 years using a combination of an A1C and a FPG or random plasma glucose in children and adolescents with any of the following conditions: 3 risk factors in nonpubertal children beginning at 8 years of age or 2 risk factors in pubertal children. […] Starting at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, all children should receive ongoing intensive counselling, including healthy behaviour interventions, from an interprofessional pediatric health-care team that includes either a pediatric endocrinologist or pediatrician with diabetes expertise, diabetes educator and mental health professional. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #10 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8040084/

  During the last two decades, there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups. […] What is more important for everyone to realize though, from patients, families and physicians to schools, health services and policy-makers alike, is that T2DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor (i.e., pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life, from conception until adulthood. Therefore, relevant comprehensive, coordinated, and innovative strategies are urgently needed. […] Nevertheless, prevention seems to be the only way to effectively deal with this disease and this requires preventing pediatric obesity starting as early as before birth and extending throughout childhood.

• #11 Type 2 diabetes in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20355318

  Type 2 diabetes in children is a chronic disease that affects the way your child’s body processes sugar (glucose) for fuel. […] There’s plenty you can do to help manage or prevent type 2 diabetes in your child. Encourage your child to eat healthy foods, get plenty of physical activity and maintain a healthy weight. […] Healthy-lifestyle choices can help prevent type 2 diabetes in children. Encourage your child to: […] Eat healthy foods. Offer your child foods low in fat and calories. Focus on fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Strive for variety to prevent boredom. […] Get more physical activity. Encourage your child to become active. Sign up your child for a sports team or dance lessons. […] Better yet, make it a family affair. The lifestyle choices that can help prevent type 2 diabetes in children can do the same for adults.

• #12 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly on the rise in Alabama youth, but following a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help mitigate the risk and the severity. […] Children with a family history of Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for diabetes, so it is essential they maintain a healthy weight and follow prevention guidelines, Schmitt said. Even with no family history, maintaining healthy lifestyle choices is important to reduce risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. […] According to Schmitt, avoiding certain foods and adding fruits and vegetables to ones everyday diet can help prevent Type 2 diabetes. […] Every day, we have the opportunity to try to eat five servings of fruits or vegetables, get two hours or less of screen time a day, move our bodies in a healthy way for one hour a day, and drink zero sugary beverages, Schmitt said.

• #13 Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents – Diabetes Canada

  https://www.diabetes.ca/health-care-providers/clinical-practice-guidelines/chapter-35

  Anticipatory guidance regarding healthy eating, physical activity, limiting screen time and age-appropriate sleep duration/quality is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. […] Efforts to improve sleep quality and quantity, decrease sedentary behaviours and increase both light and vigorous physical activity can result in significant metabolic health benefits. […] Interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children and youth should also be considered as consumption of these beverages has been linked to both obesity and incident type 2 diabetes. […] In children with obesity, family-based healthy behaviour interventions, which include physical activity, healthy nutrition and mental health supports have been shown to result in a modest decrease in body mass index (BMI) and improvements in metabolic health parameters.

• #14 Lifestyle Changes Can Help Kids Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/lifestyle-changes-can-help-kids-prevent-type-2-diabetes

  Type 2 diabetes was once diagnosed much more often in overweight adults. But it now affects kids who have poor eating habits and get little exercise. […] Parents can do a lot to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in their kids, even if the parents already have it. Follow these tips: […] Make sure kids exercise. They need an hour a day, all or most days. […] Read the Nutrition Facts label on foods. You can use the information to plan meals with more fiber and less added sugar. It can also help with portion sizes. […] Using the above recommendations will reduce your child’s risks of developing diabetes as well as several other conditions linked to weight gain, including asthma and heart disease.

• #15 Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Kids | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/type-2-diabetes-in-kids.html

  Many people think that only older adults can develop type 2 diabetes, but kids and teens can get it too. […] Type 2 diabetes is increasing in kids and teens in the United States. […] Take action now to help your kids prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. […] Help your kids take action to prevent type 2 diabetes while they’re young. […] Starting early can help kids develop a lifetime of healthy habits. […] Aim for your child to get 60 minutes of physical activity a day.

• #16 Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents – Diabetes Canada

  https://www.diabetes.ca/health-care-providers/clinical-practice-guidelines/chapter-35

  Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #17 Preventing Childhood Diabetes: Essential Steps for Parents to Take

  https://www.kidsvillepeds.com/blog/1240919-childhood-diabetes-is-on-the-rise-protect-your-kids-with-these-expert-tips/

  A balanced diet is essential in preventing childhood diabetes. […] Physical activity plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy weight and promoting insulin sensitivity. […] Adequate sleep is crucial in preventing diabetes. […] Chronic stress can affect a child’s overall health and increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. […] Regular doctor visits are crucial in identifying any potential health issues early, including obesity, high blood pressure, or early signs of Type 2 diabetes. […] By encouraging healthy eating, promoting physical activity, ensuring adequate sleep, and managing stress, parents can significantly reduce the risk of their children developing diabetes. […] Preventing childhood diabetes is a collaborative effort that involves not only the child but also their family, caregivers, and healthcare providers.

• #18 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  Anticipatory guidance regarding healthy eating, physical activity, limiting screen time and age-appropriate sleep duration/quality is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. […] Regular targeted screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended in children at risk. […] Early screening, intervention and optimization of glycemic control are essential, as the onset of type 2 diabetes during childhood is associated with severe and early onset of microvascular and cardiovascular complications. […] There is plenty you can do to help manage or prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Encourage your child or adolescent to eat healthy foods, limit sweet drinks (juice, pop), get plenty of physical activity, get a good night’s sleep and keep time spent on screens low.

• #19 Diabetes prevention: 5 tips for taking control

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639

  Lifestyle changes can help prevent type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease. Prevention is especially important if you have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with prediabetes high blood sugar that doesn’t reach the level of a diabetes diagnosis lifestyle changes can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. […] Making a few changes in your lifestyle now may help you avoid serious diabetes health complications in the future. […] The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with prediabetes lose at least 5% to 7% of their body weight to prevent diabetes. […] People younger than 35 who carry excess weight and have one or more risk factors associated with diabetes. […] Children who carry excess weight and who have a family history of type 2 diabetes or other risk factors.

• #20 About

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/type-2-diabetes-prevention-guide.html

  Prediabetes puts you on the road to type 2 diabetes. […] If you’re diagnosed with prediabetes, consider joining the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program. This program is proven to cut the risk for type 2 diabetes in half. […] Because type 2 diabetes is a serious, chronic health condition. It can lead to other serious health issues such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, and kidney failure. If you can prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes, you can lower your risk for all those other conditions. […] Use this guide to help you take the first steps toward preventing type 2 diabetes. […] If you are overweight and have prediabetes, shedding just 5% of your weight can help reverse prediabetes. […] By eating well and being more active, you may be able to lower your HbA1C.

• #21 Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents – Diabetes Canada

  https://www.diabetes.ca/health-care-providers/clinical-practice-guidelines/chapter-35

  Anticipatory guidance regarding healthy eating, physical activity, limiting screen time and age-appropriate sleep duration/quality is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. […] Efforts to improve sleep quality and quantity, decrease sedentary behaviours and increase both light and vigorous physical activity can result in significant metabolic health benefits. […] Interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children and youth should also be considered as consumption of these beverages has been linked to both obesity and incident type 2 diabetes. […] In children with obesity, family-based healthy behaviour interventions, which include physical activity, healthy nutrition and mental health supports have been shown to result in a modest decrease in body mass index (BMI) and improvements in metabolic health parameters.

• #22 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  All children should receive guidance promoting healthy eating, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, limiting screen time, improving sleep quantity and quality, decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing both light and vigorous physical activity to prevent type 2 diabetes. […] Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Screening for type 2 diabetes should be considered every 2 years using a combination of an A1C and a FPG or random plasma glucose in children and adolescents with any of the following conditions: 3 risk factors in nonpubertal children beginning at 8 years of age or 2 risk factors in pubertal children. […] Starting at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, all children should receive ongoing intensive counselling, including healthy behaviour interventions, from an interprofessional pediatric health-care team that includes either a pediatric endocrinologist or pediatrician with diabetes expertise, diabetes educator and mental health professional. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #23 Children and type 2 diabetes | Guide to diabetes | Diabetes UK

  https://www.diabetes.org.uk/living-with-diabetes/life-with-diabetes/children-and-diabetes/type-2

  Eating a healthy, balanced diet that includes more fruits and vegetables plus getting active is the best way to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults as well as under-18s. […] For children with overweight or obesity, changes like these will help them manage their weight. If youre worried about your child developing type 2 diabetes because they arent very active, they live with overweight or obesity, or have any other risk factors, speak to your GP about getting them support. […] Research has shown that there are several risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. These include ethnicity, family history, and weight. […] Evidence suggests that lifestyle changes are easiest to stick to if the whole family gets involved.

• #24 Helping Kids Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

  https://www.yourcalverthealth.org/helping-kids-prevent-type-2-diabetes

  Risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is a growing concern as one in three American children are obese and one in five children ages 12-18 are prediabetic. […] A healthy diet and exercise is key for overall health for the whole family, and for type 2 diabetes prevention. […] It is important for families to reward their children with something other than food, said Darleen Reinking, RDN, LDN CDCES. […] Consider ways to get the whole family moving. […] Next, model healthy eating in your own life. […] Try challenging your family to have 20 dinners together in one month with an incentive like a day at a local festival or holiday event. […] If you have concerns about your childs nutrition health, contact your local registered dietitian at CalvertHealth Community Wellness 410.535.8233.

• #25 Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Families

  https://childhoodobesityprevention.com.au/preventing-type-2-diabetes-in-children-and-families/

  For children with risk factors such as obesity, family history or inactive lifestyles, annual checks with healthcare providers are suggested to monitor their overall health, identify potential early signs of Type 2 diabetes, and give guidance on adopting healthier habits. […] Establishing a positive family environment for embracing healthy habits is all about teamwork. […] To encourage healthy habits and lifestyle changes, involve the entire family in decision-making.

• #26 How to Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes in Children

  https://news.childrensmercy.org/how-to-prevent-and-reverse-type-2-diabetes-in-children/

  Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem for our youth in this country. The good news is, it is preventable and reversible if it treated appropriately. […] During this time, its more important than ever to make sure your child is making healthy choices when it comes to diet and exercise. […] Modifying lifestyle is the best way to treat Type 2 diabetes and it works most of the time. Eating healthy and exercising is key to reversing or preventing Type 2 diabetes altogether. […] Start small. Focus on two-or-three changes at a time and set goals you can obtain. For instance, limit sugary drinks. […] Also, know the entire family needs to be committed to these changes.

• #27 How to Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes in Children

  https://news.childrensmercy.org/how-to-prevent-and-reverse-type-2-diabetes-in-children/

  Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem for our youth in this country. The good news is, it is preventable and reversible if it treated appropriately. […] During this time, its more important than ever to make sure your child is making healthy choices when it comes to diet and exercise. […] Modifying lifestyle is the best way to treat Type 2 diabetes and it works most of the time. Eating healthy and exercising is key to reversing or preventing Type 2 diabetes altogether. […] Start small. Focus on two-or-three changes at a time and set goals you can obtain. For instance, limit sugary drinks. […] Also, know the entire family needs to be committed to these changes.

• #28 Childhood Diabetes Prevention Programs | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/integrative-health/driving-out-diabetes/childhood-diabetes-prevention

  Today, one in four children is obese, putting them at increased risk of developing diabetes and/or obesity. […] However, when children learn healthy eating and physical activity habits, rates of chronic disease (including diabetes) can fall by up to 25 percent as these children get older. School-and family-based behavioral change programs can play a key role in changing lifestyles to improve health outcomes. […] Family Food Matters specifically focuses on teaching families about eating healthy and incorporating movement into their everyday lifestyles in order to prevent disease. […] Crush Diabetes is a program that encourages middle school students and their families to develop healthy habits. The program includes a one-week curriculum and uses the movie Sugar Babies, a 40-minute documentary that explains the basic physiology of diabetes to children and adolescents coping with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

• #29

  https://journals.lww.com/jbisrir/fulltext/9900/effectiveness_of_school_based_programs_for_type_2.415.aspx

  The objective of this review will be to synthesize the effectiveness of school-based programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention for school children and adolescents. […] However, the effectiveness of school-based programs for preventing T2DM in children and adolescents remains unclear. […] This review will consider studies on T2DM prevention and education programs in school settings. […] The school serves as a primary platform for providing health-related knowledge and conducting education programs. […] By integrating health education into the curriculum, schools play a strategic role in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes. […] This review will explore global perspectives on diabetes prevention interventions, transcending geographical limitations. […] The insights derived from that review were instrumental in shaping the development of the Feel4Diabetes intervention.

• #30 IDF Kids – Supporting Children with Diabetes Worldwide

  https://kids.idf.org/

  The Kids and Diabetes in Schools (KiDS) programme aims to bring diabetes education to schools to fight diabetes-related stigma and promote healthy lifestyles to tackle the modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. […] KiDS promotes diabetes education and prevention to children and adolescents through awareness, education and advocacy activities. […] KiDS promotes diabetes education in schools by facilitating education sessions and providing diabetes learning resources. […] KiDS is committed to advocating for national policies that support diabetes education and prevention in the school environment. […] Organise an education session at school to teach students and staff about diabetes management and prevention. […] Call on your policymakers to implement the KiDS programme and support diabetes education and prevention in schools in your country. […] Download our diabetes education resources to help children and adults understand how to manage and prevent diabetes.

• #31 Kids and Type 2 Diabetes: How Parents and Teachers Can Help Curb the Tide – Thriving Schools | A partnership for healthy students, staff & teachers

  https://thrivingschools.kaiserpermanente.org/kids-and-type-2-diabetes-how-parents-and-teachers-can-help-curb-the-tide/

  Twenty years ago, it was nearly unheard of for children and teens to develop type 2 diabetes. […] Today, more than 5,000 young people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes every year. […] By encouraging kids to live a healthy lifestyle, parents and teachers can help them prevent or manage diabetes. […] Parents, teachers and school staff can play an important role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes in kids by encouraging them to eat well and get regular physical activity. […] Remember that even small steps can make a big difference over time. […] By working together to support student health, parents and teachers can help prevent type 2 diabetes and ensure that schools provide the best environment possible for children already living with the condition.

• #32 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework […] Estimates project that one in three US adults may have diabetes in 2050. […] A major aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that a life course health development approach to pediatric T2DM is critical to a sound national strategy to prevent and treat pediatric T2DM. […] It is also clear from what we are learning that preventive and treatment strategies need to begin early. […] The risk for a child developing T2DM begins in utero. […] Understanding how these trajectories emerge, and which factors and events result in disease-causing pathways, is key to not only understanding the onset and variable natural history of the disease but in determining ways to prevent and treat it. […] A life course health development approach that details risks and protective factors, as well as preventive and treatment strategies, contextualized within the developmental stage of the child, is required.

• #33 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8040084/

  According to Hippocrates of Kos (460-377 BC) preventing is better than treating. In the case of pediatric T2DM with the difficult management and early serious complications, this could not be more true. […] A primordial prevention approach aiming at modifiable risk factors, starting as early as before birth and extending throughout childhood, can have the greatest impact on preventing T2DM. […] One of the earliest points of youth T2DM prevention is the reduction of overweight and obese status during pregnancy. […] Addressing obesity and diabetes during pregnancy will not only protect youth from T2DM but could also prove beneficial at the population level by mitigating the so-called vicious cycle of diabetes and obesity. […] In order to prevent youth T2DM, one should clearly focus on intrauterine life, but postnatal exposures seem to play an equally important role.

• #34 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_10

  This chapter is organized around four key developmental stages: preconception and intrauterine life, infancy, childhood (early and middle), and adolescence. […] The risk for a child developing T2DM begins in utero. […] The occurrence of higher levels of risk is strongly correlated with maternal economic disadvantage and the result of molecular, physiological, behavioral, cultural, and evolutionary processes that interact across time and space. […] Given the convincing evidence that diabetes and gestational diabetes are harmful to both the mother and fetus, considerable effort has been directed toward establishing consensus criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy. […] Prevention strategies may be gleaned from longitudinal data collected for other reasons. […] There are clear needs for both prevention and treatment trials in children and adolescents.

• #35 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8040084/

  According to Hippocrates of Kos (460-377 BC) preventing is better than treating. In the case of pediatric T2DM with the difficult management and early serious complications, this could not be more true. […] A primordial prevention approach aiming at modifiable risk factors, starting as early as before birth and extending throughout childhood, can have the greatest impact on preventing T2DM. […] One of the earliest points of youth T2DM prevention is the reduction of overweight and obese status during pregnancy. […] Addressing obesity and diabetes during pregnancy will not only protect youth from T2DM but could also prove beneficial at the population level by mitigating the so-called vicious cycle of diabetes and obesity. […] In order to prevent youth T2DM, one should clearly focus on intrauterine life, but postnatal exposures seem to play an equally important role.

• #36 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  This chapter is organized around four key developmental stages: preconception and intrauterine life, infancy, childhood (early and middle), and adolescence. […] The important point is that infant health development must be seen as conditioned by the interaction of processes and conditions during intrauterine life, and that this wider lens brings into sharper focus the multiple interacting risks contributing to the development of T2DM. […] Childhood is the period where health behaviors are formed. […] Increasing evidence from both observational and intervention studies suggests that behavioral change is possible early on, but by middle childhood it becomes increasingly more difficult to affect real behavior change. […] These findings are pushing the research community to design studies that include young children, and the evidence is accumulating that interventions at the youngest ages achieve the best outcomes.

• #37 Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents – Diabetes Canada

  https://www.diabetes.ca/health-care-providers/clinical-practice-guidelines/chapter-35

  Anticipatory guidance regarding healthy eating, physical activity, limiting screen time and age-appropriate sleep duration/quality is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. […] Efforts to improve sleep quality and quantity, decrease sedentary behaviours and increase both light and vigorous physical activity can result in significant metabolic health benefits. […] Interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children and youth should also be considered as consumption of these beverages has been linked to both obesity and incident type 2 diabetes. […] In children with obesity, family-based healthy behaviour interventions, which include physical activity, healthy nutrition and mental health supports have been shown to result in a modest decrease in body mass index (BMI) and improvements in metabolic health parameters.

• #38 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  This chapter is organized around four key developmental stages: preconception and intrauterine life, infancy, childhood (early and middle), and adolescence. […] The important point is that infant health development must be seen as conditioned by the interaction of processes and conditions during intrauterine life, and that this wider lens brings into sharper focus the multiple interacting risks contributing to the development of T2DM. […] Childhood is the period where health behaviors are formed. […] Increasing evidence from both observational and intervention studies suggests that behavioral change is possible early on, but by middle childhood it becomes increasingly more difficult to affect real behavior change. […] These findings are pushing the research community to design studies that include young children, and the evidence is accumulating that interventions at the youngest ages achieve the best outcomes.

• #39 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  This chapter is organized around four key developmental stages: preconception and intrauterine life, infancy, childhood (early and middle), and adolescence. […] The important point is that infant health development must be seen as conditioned by the interaction of processes and conditions during intrauterine life, and that this wider lens brings into sharper focus the multiple interacting risks contributing to the development of T2DM. […] Childhood is the period where health behaviors are formed. […] Increasing evidence from both observational and intervention studies suggests that behavioral change is possible early on, but by middle childhood it becomes increasingly more difficult to affect real behavior change. […] These findings are pushing the research community to design studies that include young children, and the evidence is accumulating that interventions at the youngest ages achieve the best outcomes.

• #40 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  Because T2DM is most likely diagnosed during or shortly after puberty, the emphasis in adolescence is focused on understanding the components of care for the disease, including the surveillance for and management of comorbidities. […] In the absence of evidenced-based programs and because of concerns about this transition, many programs are in the process of designing and/or implementing transition of care initiatives. […] Pediatric T2DM must be understood within the dynamic context of the child’s overall health development. […] Translating the current knowledge into practice-relevant evidence is lagging and must be accelerated.

• #41 Children with prediabetes and obesity may be more likely to progress to diabetes | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/2023/children-with-prediabetes-and-obesity-may-be-more-likely-to-progress-to-diabetes

  Metformin, lifestyle changes may prevent type 2 diabetes in children with prediabetes. […] This is a real-world study that highlights ways to identify the children at highest risk for diabetes and possible strategies for diabetes prevention in children such as treatment with anti-diabetes or anti-obesity medications. […] Weight stabilization and metformin therapy could be important interventions for diabetes prevention in children, Shoemaker said.

• #42 Children with prediabetes and obesity may be more likely to progress to diabetes | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/2023/children-with-prediabetes-and-obesity-may-be-more-likely-to-progress-to-diabetes

  Metformin, lifestyle changes may prevent type 2 diabetes in children with prediabetes. […] This is a real-world study that highlights ways to identify the children at highest risk for diabetes and possible strategies for diabetes prevention in children such as treatment with anti-diabetes or anti-obesity medications. […] Weight stabilization and metformin therapy could be important interventions for diabetes prevention in children, Shoemaker said.

• #43 Insulin Resistance in Youth May Inform Type 2 Diabetes Prevention | Newswise

  https://www.newswise.com/articles/insulin-resistance-in-youth-may-inform-type-2-diabetes-prevention

  Researchers have identified a mechanism underlying insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity. The findings, published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, present a targetable pathway that could one day allow clinicians to intervene and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. […] Future medications that target this pathway and block the fat secretion from the liver could potentially prevent insulin-resistant adolescents from developing type 2 diabetes, the authors say. […] The team hopes their identification of this altered mechanism can help researchers better understand how to therapeutically intervene. […] I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal. […] We can see if interventions such as dietary changes or physical activity interventions, or perhaps a new pharmacologic agent impact this target favorably, says Slusher. Then, we can hopefully design a strategy to make these youth more sensitive to insulin signaling and mitigate negative downstream consequences. […] Caprio’s laboratory is currently studying how drugs such as semaglutide currently used for weight loss and treating type 2 diabetes improve insulin sensitivity and prevent type 2 diabetes in youth. I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal, she says.

• #44 State Strategies on Preventing and Managing Type 2 Diabetes: A State Playbook – National Governors Association

  https://www.nga.org/publications/state-strategies-on-preventing-and-managing-type-2-diabetes-a-state-playbook/

  Prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by lowering risk factors and promoting lifestyle changes. […] Consideration One: Create and support state-level policy that expands coverage of the National Diabetes Prevention Program. […] Consideration Two: Implement policies to increase enrollment and retention in the National Diabetes Prevention Program. […] Consideration Three: Expand access to nutritious foods. […] Consideration Four: Increase neighborhood and physical environment walkability. […] Consideration Five: Use telehealth to help address disparities in diabetes management outcomes. […] Consideration Six: Use non-traditional health care providers and practices to create more sustainable and overarching means of care. […] Consideration Seven: Increase referrals to diabetes self-management education and support services. […] Consideration Eight: Increase pricing transparency to lower the cost of diabetes care.

• #45 Journal of Participatory Medicine – Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents: Co-design Study Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies

  https://jopm.jmir.org/2021/1/e18245

  Background: The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed. […] The findings of this study highlight important insights regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs. […] There is a need for efficacious diabetes prevention interventions for adolescents and their parents. We used HCD methods to better understand barriers, improve diabetes prevention program design, and optimize participant engagement. We found that lack of financial resources, limited access to healthy foods and safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities were significant barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. […] We found that participants want interactive, novel, hands-on learning sessions that incorporate a sense of fun and play. Adolescents and their parents desire opportunities to try new behaviors in a supportive group environment and to work toward healthy incentives and rewards.

• #46 State Strategies on Preventing and Managing Type 2 Diabetes: A State Playbook – National Governors Association

  https://www.nga.org/publications/state-strategies-on-preventing-and-managing-type-2-diabetes-a-state-playbook/

  Prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by lowering risk factors and promoting lifestyle changes. […] Consideration One: Create and support state-level policy that expands coverage of the National Diabetes Prevention Program. […] Consideration Two: Implement policies to increase enrollment and retention in the National Diabetes Prevention Program. […] Consideration Three: Expand access to nutritious foods. […] Consideration Four: Increase neighborhood and physical environment walkability. […] Consideration Five: Use telehealth to help address disparities in diabetes management outcomes. […] Consideration Six: Use non-traditional health care providers and practices to create more sustainable and overarching means of care. […] Consideration Seven: Increase referrals to diabetes self-management education and support services. […] Consideration Eight: Increase pricing transparency to lower the cost of diabetes care.

• #47 Insulin Resistance in Youth May Inform Type 2 Diabetes Prevention | Newswise

  https://www.newswise.com/articles/insulin-resistance-in-youth-may-inform-type-2-diabetes-prevention

  Researchers have identified a mechanism underlying insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity. The findings, published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, present a targetable pathway that could one day allow clinicians to intervene and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. […] Future medications that target this pathway and block the fat secretion from the liver could potentially prevent insulin-resistant adolescents from developing type 2 diabetes, the authors say. […] The team hopes their identification of this altered mechanism can help researchers better understand how to therapeutically intervene. […] I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal. […] We can see if interventions such as dietary changes or physical activity interventions, or perhaps a new pharmacologic agent impact this target favorably, says Slusher. Then, we can hopefully design a strategy to make these youth more sensitive to insulin signaling and mitigate negative downstream consequences. […] Caprio’s laboratory is currently studying how drugs such as semaglutide currently used for weight loss and treating type 2 diabetes improve insulin sensitivity and prevent type 2 diabetes in youth. I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal, she says.

• #48 Diet and type 2 diabetes prevention in children and adolescents: strengthening evidence on the impact of diet using modern causal inference methods in Project Viva Cohort | American Diabetes Association

  https://professional.diabetes.org/rdb/diet-and-type-2-diabetes-prevention-children-and-adolescents-strengthening-evidence-impact-diet

  Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge of the 21st century. As a result, obesity-related conditions are becoming increasingly common among children, such as prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes develops more rapidly in children, and many children present diabetes-related complications shortly after their diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to identify new strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes in this population. […] Our findings will inform new strategies based on dietary habits to prevent prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. Furthermore, our findings will help us understand which specific dietary habits interventions would work better between girls and boys and between youth with high vs or low genetic risk, which will enable the development of dietary interventions in youth tailored to sex and genetic risk.

• #49 Insulin Resistance in Youth May Inform Type 2 Diabetes Prevention | Newswise

  https://www.newswise.com/articles/insulin-resistance-in-youth-may-inform-type-2-diabetes-prevention

  Researchers have identified a mechanism underlying insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity. The findings, published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, present a targetable pathway that could one day allow clinicians to intervene and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. […] Future medications that target this pathway and block the fat secretion from the liver could potentially prevent insulin-resistant adolescents from developing type 2 diabetes, the authors say. […] The team hopes their identification of this altered mechanism can help researchers better understand how to therapeutically intervene. […] I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal. […] We can see if interventions such as dietary changes or physical activity interventions, or perhaps a new pharmacologic agent impact this target favorably, says Slusher. Then, we can hopefully design a strategy to make these youth more sensitive to insulin signaling and mitigate negative downstream consequences. […] Caprio’s laboratory is currently studying how drugs such as semaglutide currently used for weight loss and treating type 2 diabetes improve insulin sensitivity and prevent type 2 diabetes in youth. I want to stop the onset of type 2 diabetes—that’s our goal, she says.

• #50 Center for Pediatric Obesity and Diabetes Prevention | Pediatric Endocrinology Research | IU School of Medicine

  https://medicine.iu.edu/pediatrics/specialties/endocrinology/research/obesity-diabetes-prevention

  The presence of type 2 diabetes in children is conclusively linked to the obesity epidemic. […] The Youth Diabetes Prevention Clinic is designed to clinically treat children and adolescents (aged 10-21) who have evidence of prediabetes or prevalent risk factors for the development of diabetes. The clinical treatment program uses the Diabetes Prevention Program modified for use in families and goal-setting strategies to implement therapeutic lifestyle change in children and their families. […] The Center for Pediatric Obesity and Diabetes Prevention Research focuses on obesity, diabetes prevention and diabetes health education.

• #51 Youth Diabetes Prevention Program | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/departments/youth-diabetes-prevention-program

  The Youth Diabetes Prevention Program at Riley at IU Health is one part of a large effort to help prevent and manage diabetes in children and adolescents. […] The Youth Diabetes Prevention Program focuses on identifying children and adolescents ages 10 and up who have risk factors for Type 2 diabetes and helping them improve their health to prevent the condition. […] Doctors with the Youth Diabetes Prevention Program will help you and your child understand his or her risk for Type 2 diabetes and how to lower this risk. […] Every child and teenager in the Youth Diabetes Prevention Program receives a personalized plan to follow, including specific goals they can work to achieve. […] The Youth Diabetes Prevention Program is a new program that is fulfilling a vital need for young people and families in Indiana.

• #52 Community-based educational interventions for prevention of type II diabetes: a global systematic review and meta-analysis | Systematic Reviews | Full Text

  https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-021-01619-3

  Nineteen interventional studies were included in the review, and ten studies were pooled in the meta-analysis (n= 16,106, mean age = 41.5 years). The incidence rate of T2D was reported in three trials, within which the risk of developing T2D was reduced by 54.0% in favor of community-based educational interventions, (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.380.75; p 0.001). […] Based on a comprehensive data collection of about 16,106 participants and reasonable analyses, we conclude that educational interventions may reduce diabetes incidence by 54.0%, particularly through reductions in fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. […] Public education is considered a powerful tool in the primary prevention of diabetes. […] Community-based educational programs may be helpful in addressing various aspects of the patients health status including health behaviors, diet and physical activity, and quality of life as well. Such programs show promise in T2DM prevention, as they can reach general populations that are not included in conventional healthcare settings, and usually target various groups within a community. […] The diabetes risk parameters may favorably improve irrespective of the duration of intervention, at as low as 6 months.

• #53 Community-based educational interventions for prevention of type II diabetes: a global systematic review and meta-analysis | Systematic Reviews | Full Text

  https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-021-01619-3

  Nineteen interventional studies were included in the review, and ten studies were pooled in the meta-analysis (n= 16,106, mean age = 41.5 years). The incidence rate of T2D was reported in three trials, within which the risk of developing T2D was reduced by 54.0% in favor of community-based educational interventions, (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.380.75; p 0.001). […] Based on a comprehensive data collection of about 16,106 participants and reasonable analyses, we conclude that educational interventions may reduce diabetes incidence by 54.0%, particularly through reductions in fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. […] Public education is considered a powerful tool in the primary prevention of diabetes. […] Community-based educational programs may be helpful in addressing various aspects of the patients health status including health behaviors, diet and physical activity, and quality of life as well. Such programs show promise in T2DM prevention, as they can reach general populations that are not included in conventional healthcare settings, and usually target various groups within a community. […] The diabetes risk parameters may favorably improve irrespective of the duration of intervention, at as low as 6 months.

• #54 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  Anticipatory guidance regarding healthy eating, physical activity, limiting screen time and age-appropriate sleep duration/quality is recommended to prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. […] Regular targeted screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended in children at risk. […] Early screening, intervention and optimization of glycemic control are essential, as the onset of type 2 diabetes during childhood is associated with severe and early onset of microvascular and cardiovascular complications. […] There is plenty you can do to help manage or prevent type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Encourage your child or adolescent to eat healthy foods, limit sweet drinks (juice, pop), get plenty of physical activity, get a good night’s sleep and keep time spent on screens low.

• #55 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  All children should receive guidance promoting healthy eating, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, limiting screen time, improving sleep quantity and quality, decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing both light and vigorous physical activity to prevent type 2 diabetes. […] Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Screening for type 2 diabetes should be considered every 2 years using a combination of an A1C and a FPG or random plasma glucose in children and adolescents with any of the following conditions: 3 risk factors in nonpubertal children beginning at 8 years of age or 2 risk factors in pubertal children. […] Starting at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, all children should receive ongoing intensive counselling, including healthy behaviour interventions, from an interprofessional pediatric health-care team that includes either a pediatric endocrinologist or pediatrician with diabetes expertise, diabetes educator and mental health professional. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #56 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1101/p590.html

  The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type 2 diabetes beginning at 10 years of age or the onset of puberty in children who are overweight or obese and have two additional risk factors. […] Management should be focused on a multidisciplinary, family-centered approach. Nutrition and exercise counseling should be started at the time of diagnosis and as a part of ongoing management. […] Nutritional counseling should be initiated when type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, then addressed as part of ongoing management. […] Exercise counseling should also be addressed at the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed and as a part of ongoing management. […] Lifestyle changes are most successful when the patient’s entire family is involved. […] The American Diabetes Association recommends routine blood pressure checks in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. […] There is only limited evidence for medical interventions in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Future studies should explore whether lifestyle changes without pharmacotherapy are a reliable first step in treating selected children with type 2 diabetes.

• #57 Protecting teens and young adults from Type 2 diabetes | Heart | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/teens-type-2-diabetes/

  Many reports focus on the number of adults in the United States who have diabetes. […] These statistics are a sobering reminder to all Texans that we can prevent diabetes in the next generation and improve the health of children who already have it by taking the time to get screened and understanding our risk factors. […] This crisis is a signal for parents in the Metroplex to take a proactive role in monitoring not only their own risk but also that of their kids. […] The American Diabetes Association recommends Type 2 diabetes screening every three years for at-risk children and teens age 18 and younger. […] To prevent Type 2 diabetes, or to keep it from getting worse, there are four main things we recommend our young patients and their families do: […] Please dont wait to determine your or your childs risk for Type 2 diabetes.

• #58 About

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/type-2-diabetes-prevention-guide.html

  Prediabetes puts you on the road to type 2 diabetes. […] If you’re diagnosed with prediabetes, consider joining the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program. This program is proven to cut the risk for type 2 diabetes in half. […] Because type 2 diabetes is a serious, chronic health condition. It can lead to other serious health issues such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, and kidney failure. If you can prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes, you can lower your risk for all those other conditions. […] Use this guide to help you take the first steps toward preventing type 2 diabetes. […] If you are overweight and have prediabetes, shedding just 5% of your weight can help reverse prediabetes. […] By eating well and being more active, you may be able to lower your HbA1C.

• #59 Children with prediabetes and obesity may be more likely to progress to diabetes | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/2023/children-with-prediabetes-and-obesity-may-be-more-likely-to-progress-to-diabetes

  Metformin, lifestyle changes may prevent type 2 diabetes in children with prediabetes. […] This is a real-world study that highlights ways to identify the children at highest risk for diabetes and possible strategies for diabetes prevention in children such as treatment with anti-diabetes or anti-obesity medications. […] Weight stabilization and metformin therapy could be important interventions for diabetes prevention in children, Shoemaker said.

• #60 Type 2 Diabetes | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/type-2-diabetes

  Type 2 diabetes may be managed with healthy eating, exercise, and oral medication (medicine taken by mouth). […] A growing number of children and adolescents are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This may stem from the increase in childhood obesity. […] If your child is diagnosed with prediabetes, losing weight and becoming more physically active may help delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. […] Regular exercise and a healthy diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, healthy proteins, and whole-grain foods can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. […] Control of type 2 diabetes can be improved through healthy eating habits, losing weight, and becoming more physically active. […] A dietitian can help determine the right amount of carbohydrates and types for your child.

• #61 Community-based educational interventions for prevention of type II diabetes: a global systematic review and meta-analysis | Systematic Reviews | Full Text

  https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-021-01619-3

  Nineteen interventional studies were included in the review, and ten studies were pooled in the meta-analysis (n= 16,106, mean age = 41.5 years). The incidence rate of T2D was reported in three trials, within which the risk of developing T2D was reduced by 54.0% in favor of community-based educational interventions, (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.380.75; p 0.001). […] Based on a comprehensive data collection of about 16,106 participants and reasonable analyses, we conclude that educational interventions may reduce diabetes incidence by 54.0%, particularly through reductions in fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. […] Public education is considered a powerful tool in the primary prevention of diabetes. […] Community-based educational programs may be helpful in addressing various aspects of the patients health status including health behaviors, diet and physical activity, and quality of life as well. Such programs show promise in T2DM prevention, as they can reach general populations that are not included in conventional healthcare settings, and usually target various groups within a community. […] The diabetes risk parameters may favorably improve irrespective of the duration of intervention, at as low as 6 months.

• #62 Childhood Diabetes Prevention Programs | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/integrative-health/driving-out-diabetes/childhood-diabetes-prevention

  Today, one in four children is obese, putting them at increased risk of developing diabetes and/or obesity. […] However, when children learn healthy eating and physical activity habits, rates of chronic disease (including diabetes) can fall by up to 25 percent as these children get older. School-and family-based behavioral change programs can play a key role in changing lifestyles to improve health outcomes. […] Family Food Matters specifically focuses on teaching families about eating healthy and incorporating movement into their everyday lifestyles in order to prevent disease. […] Crush Diabetes is a program that encourages middle school students and their families to develop healthy habits. The program includes a one-week curriculum and uses the movie Sugar Babies, a 40-minute documentary that explains the basic physiology of diabetes to children and adolescents coping with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

• #63 IDF Kids – Supporting Children with Diabetes Worldwide

  https://kids.idf.org/

  The Kids and Diabetes in Schools (KiDS) programme aims to bring diabetes education to schools to fight diabetes-related stigma and promote healthy lifestyles to tackle the modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. […] KiDS promotes diabetes education and prevention to children and adolescents through awareness, education and advocacy activities. […] KiDS promotes diabetes education in schools by facilitating education sessions and providing diabetes learning resources. […] KiDS is committed to advocating for national policies that support diabetes education and prevention in the school environment. […] Organise an education session at school to teach students and staff about diabetes management and prevention. […] Call on your policymakers to implement the KiDS programme and support diabetes education and prevention in schools in your country. […] Download our diabetes education resources to help children and adults understand how to manage and prevent diabetes.

• #64 Childhood Diabetes Prevention Programs | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/integrative-health/driving-out-diabetes/childhood-diabetes-prevention

  Today, one in four children is obese, putting them at increased risk of developing diabetes and/or obesity. […] However, when children learn healthy eating and physical activity habits, rates of chronic disease (including diabetes) can fall by up to 25 percent as these children get older. School-and family-based behavioral change programs can play a key role in changing lifestyles to improve health outcomes. […] Family Food Matters specifically focuses on teaching families about eating healthy and incorporating movement into their everyday lifestyles in order to prevent disease. […] Crush Diabetes is a program that encourages middle school students and their families to develop healthy habits. The program includes a one-week curriculum and uses the movie Sugar Babies, a 40-minute documentary that explains the basic physiology of diabetes to children and adolescents coping with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

• #65 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Schmitt also recommends looking for signs that indicate the presence of prediabetes, such as darkening of the skin in the armpits or back of the neck, to help detect the problem early on. […] Parents should play close attention if the child shows increased thirst, urination and unexpected weight loss these symptoms can be a sign of Type 2 diabetes, Schmitt said. […] If your child is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, having honest and strategic conversations about Type 2 diabetes can help children reduce their anxiety and fear of the disease. […] Treatment is crucial as it focuses on dietary and lifestyle changes to limit high sugar, increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass to make the insulin work better. […] While Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong, serious condition, it can be managed by working with your doctor to consume a healthy diet, exercise regularly and take medications as prescribed, according to Schmitt. […] Schmitt suggests to: Ask children to follow the 5-2-1-0 rule. […] UAB School of Health Professions Diabetes Research Center and the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center continue to focus on developing new methods to treat, prevent and ultimately cure diabetes and its complications.

• #66 Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Families

  https://childhoodobesityprevention.com.au/preventing-type-2-diabetes-in-children-and-families/

  For children with risk factors such as obesity, family history or inactive lifestyles, annual checks with healthcare providers are suggested to monitor their overall health, identify potential early signs of Type 2 diabetes, and give guidance on adopting healthier habits. […] Establishing a positive family environment for embracing healthy habits is all about teamwork. […] To encourage healthy habits and lifestyle changes, involve the entire family in decision-making.

• #67 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Schmitt also recommends looking for signs that indicate the presence of prediabetes, such as darkening of the skin in the armpits or back of the neck, to help detect the problem early on. […] Parents should play close attention if the child shows increased thirst, urination and unexpected weight loss these symptoms can be a sign of Type 2 diabetes, Schmitt said. […] If your child is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, having honest and strategic conversations about Type 2 diabetes can help children reduce their anxiety and fear of the disease. […] Treatment is crucial as it focuses on dietary and lifestyle changes to limit high sugar, increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass to make the insulin work better. […] While Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong, serious condition, it can be managed by working with your doctor to consume a healthy diet, exercise regularly and take medications as prescribed, according to Schmitt. […] Schmitt suggests to: Ask children to follow the 5-2-1-0 rule. […] UAB School of Health Professions Diabetes Research Center and the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center continue to focus on developing new methods to treat, prevent and ultimately cure diabetes and its complications.

• #68 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1101/p590.html

  The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type 2 diabetes beginning at 10 years of age or the onset of puberty in children who are overweight or obese and have two additional risk factors. […] Management should be focused on a multidisciplinary, family-centered approach. Nutrition and exercise counseling should be started at the time of diagnosis and as a part of ongoing management. […] Nutritional counseling should be initiated when type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, then addressed as part of ongoing management. […] Exercise counseling should also be addressed at the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed and as a part of ongoing management. […] Lifestyle changes are most successful when the patient’s entire family is involved. […] The American Diabetes Association recommends routine blood pressure checks in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. […] There is only limited evidence for medical interventions in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Future studies should explore whether lifestyle changes without pharmacotherapy are a reliable first step in treating selected children with type 2 diabetes.

• #69 Diabetes Program | Children’s National | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/diabetes-program-childhood-and-adolescent

  Childrens National is home to one of the largest pediatric diabetes programs in the Mid-Atlantic region, providing care for children and young adults from Washington, D.C., Virginia and Maryland. […] We take time to explain the diagnosis, maintain regular appointments and identify healthy habits and behaviors that will contribute to your childs quality of life. […] We care for children that are prediabetic, as well as those who have more unusual types of diabetes, such as maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), neonatal diabetes and medication-induced diabetes. […] As an ADA-recognized education provider, our intensive and comprehensive education program teaches you and your child how to manage diabetes. […] The Diabetes Program aims to use clinical research to address the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

• #70 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  All children should receive guidance promoting healthy eating, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, limiting screen time, improving sleep quantity and quality, decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing both light and vigorous physical activity to prevent type 2 diabetes. […] Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Screening for type 2 diabetes should be considered every 2 years using a combination of an A1C and a FPG or random plasma glucose in children and adolescents with any of the following conditions: 3 risk factors in nonpubertal children beginning at 8 years of age or 2 risk factors in pubertal children. […] Starting at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, all children should receive ongoing intensive counselling, including healthy behaviour interventions, from an interprofessional pediatric health-care team that includes either a pediatric endocrinologist or pediatrician with diabetes expertise, diabetes educator and mental health professional. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #71 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly on the rise in Alabama youth, but following a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help mitigate the risk and the severity. […] Children with a family history of Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for diabetes, so it is essential they maintain a healthy weight and follow prevention guidelines, Schmitt said. Even with no family history, maintaining healthy lifestyle choices is important to reduce risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. […] According to Schmitt, avoiding certain foods and adding fruits and vegetables to ones everyday diet can help prevent Type 2 diabetes. […] Every day, we have the opportunity to try to eat five servings of fruits or vegetables, get two hours or less of screen time a day, move our bodies in a healthy way for one hour a day, and drink zero sugary beverages, Schmitt said.

• #72 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly on the rise in Alabama youth, but following a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help mitigate the risk and the severity. […] Children with a family history of Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for diabetes, so it is essential they maintain a healthy weight and follow prevention guidelines, Schmitt said. Even with no family history, maintaining healthy lifestyle choices is important to reduce risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. […] According to Schmitt, avoiding certain foods and adding fruits and vegetables to ones everyday diet can help prevent Type 2 diabetes. […] Every day, we have the opportunity to try to eat five servings of fruits or vegetables, get two hours or less of screen time a day, move our bodies in a healthy way for one hour a day, and drink zero sugary beverages, Schmitt said.

• #73 How to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Teens | Parkland Community Health Plan

  https://parklandhealthplan.com/living-well/blog/articles/how-to-prevent-type-2-diabetes-in-children-and-teens/

  If your child or teenager is overweight, they could be at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. […] For that reason, the best treatment is prevention beginning in childhood and the teen years. […] A healthy diet can help prevent diabetes. Use the MyPlate guidelines to make sure you’re eating the right portions of certain foods. […] Here are a few ways to help your child avoid type 2 diabetes: […] Encourage physical activity exercise helps growing bodies to use insulin better, decreasing the risk of insulin resistance. […] Make healthful eating a habit this includes serving fruits, vegetables, and water instead of sugary treats and drinks. […] Limit TV and other screen time children who sit for hours in front of TV shows or video games do not get the exercise they need.

• #74 How to prevent, manage and discuss Type 2 diabetes with children – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/news-you-can-use/how-to-prevent-manage-and-discuss-type-2-diabetes-with-children

  Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly on the rise in Alabama youth, but following a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help mitigate the risk and the severity. […] Children with a family history of Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for diabetes, so it is essential they maintain a healthy weight and follow prevention guidelines, Schmitt said. Even with no family history, maintaining healthy lifestyle choices is important to reduce risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. […] According to Schmitt, avoiding certain foods and adding fruits and vegetables to ones everyday diet can help prevent Type 2 diabetes. […] Every day, we have the opportunity to try to eat five servings of fruits or vegetables, get two hours or less of screen time a day, move our bodies in a healthy way for one hour a day, and drink zero sugary beverages, Schmitt said.

• #75 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework […] Estimates project that one in three US adults may have diabetes in 2050. […] A major aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that a life course health development approach to pediatric T2DM is critical to a sound national strategy to prevent and treat pediatric T2DM. […] It is also clear from what we are learning that preventive and treatment strategies need to begin early. […] The risk for a child developing T2DM begins in utero. […] Understanding how these trajectories emerge, and which factors and events result in disease-causing pathways, is key to not only understanding the onset and variable natural history of the disease but in determining ways to prevent and treat it. […] A life course health development approach that details risks and protective factors, as well as preventive and treatment strategies, contextualized within the developmental stage of the child, is required.

• #76 Diabetes Canada | Clinical Practice Guidelines

  https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/cpg/chapter35

  All children should receive guidance promoting healthy eating, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, limiting screen time, improving sleep quantity and quality, decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing both light and vigorous physical activity to prevent type 2 diabetes. […] Children with obesity should receive intensive healthy behaviour interventions that incorporate family-oriented counselling and behaviour therapy to reduce the risk of diabetes. […] Screening for type 2 diabetes should be considered every 2 years using a combination of an A1C and a FPG or random plasma glucose in children and adolescents with any of the following conditions: 3 risk factors in nonpubertal children beginning at 8 years of age or 2 risk factors in pubertal children. […] Starting at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, all children should receive ongoing intensive counselling, including healthy behaviour interventions, from an interprofessional pediatric health-care team that includes either a pediatric endocrinologist or pediatrician with diabetes expertise, diabetes educator and mental health professional. […] Regular physical activity, consisting of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, should be recommended to all children with type 2 diabetes.

• #77 Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Treatment Through a Life Course Health Development Framework – Handbook of Life Course Health Development – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543708/

  Because T2DM is most likely diagnosed during or shortly after puberty, the emphasis in adolescence is focused on understanding the components of care for the disease, including the surveillance for and management of comorbidities. […] In the absence of evidenced-based programs and because of concerns about this transition, many programs are in the process of designing and/or implementing transition of care initiatives. […] Pediatric T2DM must be understood within the dynamic context of the child’s overall health development. […] Translating the current knowledge into practice-relevant evidence is lagging and must be accelerated.

• #78 Journal of Participatory Medicine – Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents: Co-design Study Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies

  https://jopm.jmir.org/2021/1/e18245

  Background: The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed. […] The findings of this study highlight important insights regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs. […] There is a need for efficacious diabetes prevention interventions for adolescents and their parents. We used HCD methods to better understand barriers, improve diabetes prevention program design, and optimize participant engagement. We found that lack of financial resources, limited access to healthy foods and safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities were significant barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. […] We found that participants want interactive, novel, hands-on learning sessions that incorporate a sense of fun and play. Adolescents and their parents desire opportunities to try new behaviors in a supportive group environment and to work toward healthy incentives and rewards.

• #79 Journal of Participatory Medicine – Diabetes Prevention in Adolescents: Co-design Study Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies

  https://jopm.jmir.org/2021/1/e18245

  Background: The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed. […] The findings of this study highlight important insights regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs. […] There is a need for efficacious diabetes prevention interventions for adolescents and their parents. We used HCD methods to better understand barriers, improve diabetes prevention program design, and optimize participant engagement. We found that lack of financial resources, limited access to healthy foods and safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities were significant barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. […] We found that participants want interactive, novel, hands-on learning sessions that incorporate a sense of fun and play. Adolescents and their parents desire opportunities to try new behaviors in a supportive group environment and to work toward healthy incentives and rewards.

• #80

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-preventing-type-2-diabetes/health-matters-preventing-type-2-diabetes

  A broad, structured sugar reduction programme is being led by PHE to remove sugar from the products children eat most. […] The governments childhood obesity plan outlined plans for a soft drinks industry levy across the UK, which was brought into law in April 2018. […] NHS England, PHE and Diabetes UK launched the first Diabetes Prevention Week in April 2018. The week-long campaign raised awareness of Type 2 diabetes, the complications associated with it, high-risk groups, and how to prevent it. […] Primary care engagement is crucial for the effective implementation of the NHS DPP, as primary care professionals are required to identify individuals at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and refer them into the Programme. […] Commissioners have a key role to play in ensuring that patients identified through the programme are offered lifestyle advice to achieve: a healthy weight, dietary recommendations, CMO physical activity recommendations. […] In the long term, it remains the case that to address obesity and therefore reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, local health economies (STPs, and community, voluntary and private sectors) must work together in implementing population-level approaches.

• #81 State Strategies on Preventing and Managing Type 2 Diabetes: A State Playbook – National Governors Association

  https://www.nga.org/publications/state-strategies-on-preventing-and-managing-type-2-diabetes-a-state-playbook/

  Type 2 diabetes, a preventable condition where a persons body cannot regulate blood sugar properly, has a staggering impact on the health of many in the United States. […] The purpose of the Diabetes Learning Lab was to support Governors and state officials as they work to improve population health, reduce health care spending and reverse negative health trends by investing in comprehensive state plans to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. […] This action plan includes considerations discussed during the learning lab and associated research. First, the paper highlights policies that states can use to lower risk factors that contribute to type 2 diabetes diagnoses and promote lifestyle changes. Next, the paper identifies strategies to reduce the impact of diabetes through early detection and robust access to care. Lastly, the paper identifies considerations to help people manage diabetes and prevent diabetes-related complications.

• #82

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-preventing-type-2-diabetes/health-matters-preventing-type-2-diabetes

  A broad, structured sugar reduction programme is being led by PHE to remove sugar from the products children eat most. […] The governments childhood obesity plan outlined plans for a soft drinks industry levy across the UK, which was brought into law in April 2018. […] NHS England, PHE and Diabetes UK launched the first Diabetes Prevention Week in April 2018. The week-long campaign raised awareness of Type 2 diabetes, the complications associated with it, high-risk groups, and how to prevent it. […] Primary care engagement is crucial for the effective implementation of the NHS DPP, as primary care professionals are required to identify individuals at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and refer them into the Programme. […] Commissioners have a key role to play in ensuring that patients identified through the programme are offered lifestyle advice to achieve: a healthy weight, dietary recommendations, CMO physical activity recommendations. […] In the long term, it remains the case that to address obesity and therefore reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes, local health economies (STPs, and community, voluntary and private sectors) must work together in implementing population-level approaches.

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