Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Meniere’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374910

  Meniere’s disease is an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells, also called vertigo, and hearing loss. […] The cause of Meniere’s disease isn’t known. Symptoms of Meniere’s disease may be due to extra fluid in the inner ear called endolymph. But it isn’t clear what causes this fluid to build up in the inner ear. […] Issues that affect the fluid, which might lead to Meniere’s disease, include: Poor fluid drainage. This may be due to a blockage or irregular ear shape. Autoimmune disorders. Viral infection. Genetics. […] Because no single cause has been found, Meniere’s disease likely has a combination of causes.

• #2 What Is Ménière’s Disease? — Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease

  Mnires disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or congestion in the ear. […] Theories vary about the causes of Mnires disease. Some researchers believe it may develop from constricted blood vessels, which also occur with migraine headaches. Other theories suggest viral infections, allergies, or autoimmune reactions as possible causes. Genetic variations could also play a role, since Mnires disease sometimes affects more than one family member. […] Although the causes of Mnires disease remain unclear, the symptoms of Mnires disease are associated with a fluid imbalance in a part of the inner ear called the labyrinth. […] In people with Mnires disease, a buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth called endolymphatic hydrops disrupts normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and the brain. This disruption is also associated with vertigo and other Mnires disease symptoms, which can vary widely.

• #3 Meniere’s Disease – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/menieres-disease-a-to-z

  The cause of Mnire’s disease is unknown. […] Because no one knows what causes Mnire’s disease, there is no way to prevent it.

• #4 Meniere Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536955/

  Studies of the temporal bone revealed endolymphatic accumulation (hydrops) in the cochlea and the vestibular organ in patients with Meniere disease. Current research links endolymphatic hydrops to a hearing loss of 40dB. Vertigo may or may not be associated. […] The exact etiology of Meniere disease remains unclear. Different theories exist, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. […] Meniere disease is a polygenic disorder. Ten percent of cases in patients of European descent have familial Meniere disease. The condition may show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance but is most commonly sporadic. Precise genetics in Meniere disease is an area of active research.

• #5 What Is Ménière’s Disease? — Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease

  Mnires disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or congestion in the ear. […] Theories vary about the causes of Mnires disease. Some researchers believe it may develop from constricted blood vessels, which also occur with migraine headaches. Other theories suggest viral infections, allergies, or autoimmune reactions as possible causes. Genetic variations could also play a role, since Mnires disease sometimes affects more than one family member. […] Although the causes of Mnires disease remain unclear, the symptoms of Mnires disease are associated with a fluid imbalance in a part of the inner ear called the labyrinth. […] In people with Mnires disease, a buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth called endolymphatic hydrops disrupts normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and the brain. This disruption is also associated with vertigo and other Mnires disease symptoms, which can vary widely.

• #6 What is Meniere’s disease / syndrome? | Ménière’s Society

  https://www.menieres.org.uk/information-and-support/symptoms-and-conditions/menieres-disease

  The cause of Mnires is unknown. Many factors are thought to be involved in the development of the condition, e.g. increased pressure of the fluid in the endolymphatic sac; allergic factors damaging the inner ear or other unknown factors. The relationship between these factors and the progression of the condition, however, remains unclear. […] It is widely believed that Mnires develops as a result of an increase in the pressure in the endolymphatic space. The symptoms of ear fullness and reduced hearing are likely to be related to this increase in pressure. The sudden release in pressure accounts for the sudden attacks of vertigo. Repeated episodes of high pressure and sudden releases of that pressure damage the delicate structures of the inner ear and the balance structures of the semi-circular canals. This cumulative damage results in a decline in hearing levels over time.

• #7 Meniere Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536955/

  Studies of the temporal bone revealed endolymphatic accumulation (hydrops) in the cochlea and the vestibular organ in patients with Meniere disease. Current research links endolymphatic hydrops to a hearing loss of 40dB. Vertigo may or may not be associated. […] The exact etiology of Meniere disease remains unclear. Different theories exist, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. […] Meniere disease is a polygenic disorder. Ten percent of cases in patients of European descent have familial Meniere disease. The condition may show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance but is most commonly sporadic. Precise genetics in Meniere disease is an area of active research.

• #8 Ménière’s Disease: Symptoms, Treatments, and Outlook

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/menieres-disease/

  Mnires disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes problems with your hearing and balance. […] The exact cause of Mnires disease is not known. One theory suggests that it could be caused by a build-up of fluid, called endolymph, in the inner ear. This is called endolymphatic hydrops. […] While endolymphatic hydrops is often found in patients with MD, the exact nature of this relationship is unclear. For many years it was thought to be the cause of MD, but recent studies have found that some people have this fluid build-up without experiencing MD symptoms.

• #9 Meniere’s Disease Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/ear-institute/conditions/vertigo-balance-disorders/menieres-disease

  Affecting men and women equally between the ages of 20 and 50 years old, Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes the following symptoms: […] Meniere’s disease is caused by an overproduction of fluid within the inner ear. Excessive fluid pressure interferes with the function of the hair cells located in that area. Sudden increases in pressure make the ear feel stopped up and cause vertigo. […] Most cases of Meniere’s disease have no known cause. In some cases, it can be associated with head trauma or middle or inner ear infections. Allergies and autoimmune disorders may also bring about the onset of this condition.

• #10 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  Meniere disease is thought to be caused by an excess amount of the fluid that is normally present in the inner ear. Fluid in the ear is held in a pouch-like structure called the endolymphatic sac. This fluid is continually being secreted and reabsorbed, maintaining a constant amount. Either an increase in production of inner ear fluid or a decrease in its reabsorption results in excess fluid. Why either happens is not known. […] This disease typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 50 years.

• #11 Meniere Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536955/

  Studies of the temporal bone revealed endolymphatic accumulation (hydrops) in the cochlea and the vestibular organ in patients with Meniere disease. Current research links endolymphatic hydrops to a hearing loss of 40dB. Vertigo may or may not be associated. […] The exact etiology of Meniere disease remains unclear. Different theories exist, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. […] Meniere disease is a polygenic disorder. Ten percent of cases in patients of European descent have familial Meniere disease. The condition may show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance but is most commonly sporadic. Precise genetics in Meniere disease is an area of active research.

• #12 Causes of Ménière’s Disease — Hearing Health Foundation

  https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/causes-of-menieres-disease

  Even though the exact causes of Mnires disease are not clearly known, symptoms are believed to arise from the buildup of fluid in the chambers of the inner ear. […] According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the disorder is physically caused by a buildup of a fluid called endolymph in the compartments of the inner ear, called the labyrinth. […] The cause of the fluid buildup is not yet completely understood. Some researchers believe it is related to the same blood vessel constrictions that lead to migraine headaches; others say it might be due to an autoimmune condition, a viral infection, an allergic reaction, or head trauma. […] Mnires disease appears to have a hereditary component, so there may be a gene mutation connected to the regulation of endolymph fluid.

• #13 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Menieres-disease.aspx

  Mnire’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear. The exact causes of the condition are still unknown. […] The primary problem thus is obstruction in the ducts that carry endolymph. A mechanical block due to fibrous deposits, viral infections, inflammation due to over activity of the immune system or lack of blood supply (ischemia) of the ducts may all be causes of the condition. […] Viral infections that lead to meningitis or infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are also linked in causation of Mnire’s disease. […] There are findings in studies that a defective gene that codes for a calcium gene may be the link between this disease and families suffering from it.

• #14 Meniere Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536955/

  Studies of the temporal bone revealed endolymphatic accumulation (hydrops) in the cochlea and the vestibular organ in patients with Meniere disease. Current research links endolymphatic hydrops to a hearing loss of 40dB. Vertigo may or may not be associated. […] The exact etiology of Meniere disease remains unclear. Different theories exist, but genetic and environmental factors play a role. […] Meniere disease is a polygenic disorder. Ten percent of cases in patients of European descent have familial Meniere disease. The condition may show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance but is most commonly sporadic. Precise genetics in Meniere disease is an area of active research.

• #15 Ménière disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meniere-disease/

  Ménière disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. […] The cause of Ménière disease is unknown, although it probably results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. […] Ménière disease is thought to be related to abnormalities of the inner ear, which contains structures that are needed for normal hearing and balance. […] Researchers have studied many possible risk factors for Ménière disease, including viral infections, trauma to the inner ear, noise pollution, allergies, abnormal immune system responses, and migraines. […] However, none of the factors studied so far appears to play a major role in Ménière disease. […] Researchers are looking for additional environmental and genetic factors that are associated with this complex disorder.

• #16 Meniere Disease (Idiopathic Endolymphatic Hydrops): Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159069-overview

  Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, may cause an inflammatory response within the labyrinth. […] An autoimmune etiology was postulated after there was found to be an association with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Mnire disease. […] In addition, allergy has been implicated in many patients with difficult-to-treat Mnire disease. Food triggers are also important factors in the generation of hydrops.

• #17 Meniere’s Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/menieres-disease.html

  Mnires disease occurs when fluid builds up in the balance and hearing organs of the inner ear. Doctors are not sure why this happens but think it may be due to: […] Mnires disease is associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and could be autoimmune-related. […] People who smoke or have vascular disease are more likely to develop Mnires disease. […] Mnires disease sometimes runs in families. In these cases, a genetic change may pass from parent to child. […] Cases of Mnires disease have developed after head trauma, especially those that damage the inner ear. […] People with Mnires disease may be more likely to experience migraine and people with migraine are more likely to experience Mnires disease, suggesting a common cause for both conditions.

• #18 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  In Meniere disease, pressure and volume changes in the labyrinthine endolymph affect inner ear function. The etiology of endolymphatic fluid buildup is unknown. Risk factors include a family history of Meniere disease, preexisting autoimmune disorders, allergies, trauma to the head or ear, and, very rarely, syphilis. Peak incidence is between ages 20 and 50. […] Meniere disease tends to be self-limited. […] A low-salt (1.5 g/day) diet, avoidance of alcohol and caffeine, and a diuretic (eg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally once a day or acetazolamide 250 mg orally 2 times a day) may help prevent or reduce the incidence of vertigo attacks and are commonly used first steps. However, there are no well-designed studies that clearly prove the efficacy of these measures for Meniere disease. […] Because there is strong overlap between Meniere disease and migraine disorders, a trial of traditional migraine preventive medications (eg, nortriptyline, venlafaxine) may also be considered for refractory or recurrent episodes.

• #19 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Menieres/comments/10j9ke3/in_your_opinion_what_is_the_most_supported_theory/

  Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED): This is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the inner ear, leading to inflammation and damage. In Meniere’s disease, AIED may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The viral theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by a viral infection, such as: Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Some studies have found evidence of HSV in the inner ear of individuals with Meniere’s disease, suggesting that a viral infection may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The trauma theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by head or inner ear trauma. […] Head trauma: Some studies have proposed that head trauma, such as a concussion, may lead to Meniere’s disease or SSNHL by causing damage to the inner ear or altering blood flow to the ear. […] The metabolic theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by issues relating to one’s metabolism. […] Some suggest that the symptoms are (or can be) purely idiopathic, meaning the condition arises spontaneously, and the cause is unknown.

• #20

  https://med.uth.edu/orl/2020/01/10/menieres-disease-2/

  Mnires disease (also called idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops) is one of the most common causes of dizziness originating in the inner ear. […] Although the cause is unknown, Mnires disease symptoms are due to increased volume of fluid in the inner ear. Too much fluid may accumulate either due to excess production or inadequate absorption. In some individuals, especially those with involvement of both ears, allergies or autoimmune disorders may play a role in producing Mnires disease. […] People with Mnires disease have a sick inner ear and are more sensitive to factors such as fatigue and stress that may influence the frequency of attacks.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/2023/10000/infectious_causes_and_mimickers_of_meniere_s.8.aspx

  To review the evidence of a possible viral etiology of Meniere’s disease, the role of antiviral therapy, as well as other infectious disease processes that may mimic Meniere’s disease. […] There is evidence that viral infections to Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, influenza, adenovirus, Coxsackie virus B, and Varicella Zoster Virus may be involved in the development of Meniere’s disease, however the evidence is inconsistent and the underlying mechanism remains theoretical. […] There is a paucity of high-quality evidence to support a viral etiology of Meniere’s disease, and the current evidence appears circumstantial and inconsistent. Additional research is necessary to establish the mechanism and causative pathogens.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/fulltext/2023/10000/infectious_causes_and_mimickers_of_meniere_s.8.aspx

  To review the evidence of a possible viral etiology of Meniere’s disease, the role of antiviral therapy, as well as other infectious disease processes that may mimic Meniere’s disease. […] There is evidence that viral infections to Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, influenza, adenovirus, Coxsackie virus B, and Varicella Zoster Virus may be involved in the development of Meniere’s disease, however the evidence is inconsistent and the underlying mechanism remains theoretical. […] There is a paucity of high-quality evidence to support a viral etiology of Meniere’s disease, and the current evidence appears circumstantial and inconsistent. Additional research is necessary to establish the mechanism and causative pathogens.

• #23 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Menieres-disease.aspx

  Mnire’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear. The exact causes of the condition are still unknown. […] The primary problem thus is obstruction in the ducts that carry endolymph. A mechanical block due to fibrous deposits, viral infections, inflammation due to over activity of the immune system or lack of blood supply (ischemia) of the ducts may all be causes of the condition. […] Viral infections that lead to meningitis or infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are also linked in causation of Mnire’s disease. […] There are findings in studies that a defective gene that codes for a calcium gene may be the link between this disease and families suffering from it.

• #24 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Menieres/comments/10j9ke3/in_your_opinion_what_is_the_most_supported_theory/

  Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED): This is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the inner ear, leading to inflammation and damage. In Meniere’s disease, AIED may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The viral theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by a viral infection, such as: Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Some studies have found evidence of HSV in the inner ear of individuals with Meniere’s disease, suggesting that a viral infection may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The trauma theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by head or inner ear trauma. […] Head trauma: Some studies have proposed that head trauma, such as a concussion, may lead to Meniere’s disease or SSNHL by causing damage to the inner ear or altering blood flow to the ear. […] The metabolic theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by issues relating to one’s metabolism. […] Some suggest that the symptoms are (or can be) purely idiopathic, meaning the condition arises spontaneously, and the cause is unknown.

• #25 Meniere’s Disease

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ENT/Vstblr/MnrsDs.htm

  Unknown […] Exacerbated by stress or emotional disturbance […] Associated with concurrent infection in 50% cases.

• #26 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Menieres/comments/10j9ke3/in_your_opinion_what_is_the_most_supported_theory/

  It is well-established that the endolymphatic hydrops, a key pathological feature of Meniere’s disease, may be caused by various etiologies often discussed in this fantastic subreddit (including but not limited to viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and genetic predispositions) […] The vascular theory suggests that a problem with blood flow to the inner ear may cause Meniere’s disease and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). […] Ischemia: This is a condition where there is not enough blood flow to an area of the body. In Meniere’s disease and SSNHL, ischemia may occur in the inner ear, resulting in damage to the hair cells or other structures necessary for hearing. […] The autoimmune theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by an immune response that targets the inner ear.

• #27 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Menieres/comments/10j9ke3/in_your_opinion_what_is_the_most_supported_theory/

  It is well-established that the endolymphatic hydrops, a key pathological feature of Meniere’s disease, may be caused by various etiologies often discussed in this fantastic subreddit (including but not limited to viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and genetic predispositions) […] The vascular theory suggests that a problem with blood flow to the inner ear may cause Meniere’s disease and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). […] Ischemia: This is a condition where there is not enough blood flow to an area of the body. In Meniere’s disease and SSNHL, ischemia may occur in the inner ear, resulting in damage to the hair cells or other structures necessary for hearing. […] The autoimmune theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by an immune response that targets the inner ear.

• #28 Ménière’s Disease – American Hearing Research Foundation

  https://www.american-hearing.org/disease/menieres-disease/

  Mnires disease (Menieres) is a disorder of the inner ear that sometimes seems to carry with it more questions than answers. […] Mnires is called a disease, but it really is a cluster of symptoms for which the underlying cause is unknown and for which there currently is no cure. […] The bottom-line question is: What is the underlying cause of the fluid build-up that is triggering the symptoms? […] Unfortunately, to date, the scientific and medical community has been unable to definitively identify what causes the fluid build-up in Mnires or why people get it. […] Various theories abound, but nothing has been proven. […] Some research has suggested that constrictions in blood vessels are the cause of Mnires. Others point to drainage issues due to a physical blockage or abnormal ear structure. Still others suspect allergies; viral and bacterial infections, including Lyme disease; head trauma; migraine headaches; and autoimmune responses. Because Mnires sometimes runs in families, others believe there may be a genetic link.

• #29 Meniere’s disease | Causes, symptoms, impact, diagnosis, triggers

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/care/all-about-menieres-disease/

  There is no one exact cause of the disease but it is believed to be related to changes in the composition or volume of the fluid in the inner ear, which can affect the balance and hearing systems. […] Other possible contributing factors include genetic predisposition, viral infections, head trauma and autoimmune conditions. […] Though the exact cause of Menieres disease isnt fully known or understood, it is thought to be related to changes in the pressure and fluid of the inner ear. It is believed to be caused by a number of factors like abnormal fluid build-up, an abnormal immune response, genetics, environmental factors and vascular problems. […] Menieres disease can be caused by an excessive build-up of fluid in the inner ear. This leads to increased swelling and pressure that affects hearing and balance.

• #30 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Menieres/comments/10j9ke3/in_your_opinion_what_is_the_most_supported_theory/

  Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED): This is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the inner ear, leading to inflammation and damage. In Meniere’s disease, AIED may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The viral theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by a viral infection, such as: Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Some studies have found evidence of HSV in the inner ear of individuals with Meniere’s disease, suggesting that a viral infection may be responsible for the inner ear inflammation that leads to the build-up of fluid in the endolymphatic sac. […] The trauma theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by head or inner ear trauma. […] Head trauma: Some studies have proposed that head trauma, such as a concussion, may lead to Meniere’s disease or SSNHL by causing damage to the inner ear or altering blood flow to the ear. […] The metabolic theory suggests that Meniere’s disease and SSNHL may be caused by issues relating to one’s metabolism. […] Some suggest that the symptoms are (or can be) purely idiopathic, meaning the condition arises spontaneously, and the cause is unknown.

• #31 Meniere’s Disease: A Shocking Root Cause Unknown by Most Doctors

  https://thrivechirodr.com/menieres-disease-shocking-root-cause-unknown-doctors/

  Menieres disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by: […] The exact reason Menieres disease happens is still under debate. One of the most widely accepted theories is it is due to the build-up of fluid within the inner ear. […] It has recently been discovered through research that whiplash and other head and neck injuries may be the reason behind Menieres disease. […] The research pointing to a misalignment as a possible cause for Menieres disease indicates that this is about the amount of time it takes for a lesion to grow on the eustachian tube and impact your hearing and balance. […] The lesion growing on the eustachian tube over time can have a couple of different effects. It can hinder the inner ear from draining fluid properly and, therefore, be the reason the fluid is building up. Or, it can be a hindrance to the proper function of the workings of the inner ear. […] It is important to note that all of these 139 participants had undergone some sort of trauma before the onset of their Menieres symptoms.

• #32 Meniere’s Disease: A Shocking Root Cause Unknown by Most Doctors

  https://thrivechirodr.com/menieres-disease-shocking-root-cause-unknown-doctors/

  Menieres disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by: […] The exact reason Menieres disease happens is still under debate. One of the most widely accepted theories is it is due to the build-up of fluid within the inner ear. […] It has recently been discovered through research that whiplash and other head and neck injuries may be the reason behind Menieres disease. […] The research pointing to a misalignment as a possible cause for Menieres disease indicates that this is about the amount of time it takes for a lesion to grow on the eustachian tube and impact your hearing and balance. […] The lesion growing on the eustachian tube over time can have a couple of different effects. It can hinder the inner ear from draining fluid properly and, therefore, be the reason the fluid is building up. Or, it can be a hindrance to the proper function of the workings of the inner ear. […] It is important to note that all of these 139 participants had undergone some sort of trauma before the onset of their Menieres symptoms.

• #33 Ménière’s Disease – American Hearing Research Foundation

  https://www.american-hearing.org/disease/menieres-disease/

  Mnires disease (Menieres) is a disorder of the inner ear that sometimes seems to carry with it more questions than answers. […] Mnires is called a disease, but it really is a cluster of symptoms for which the underlying cause is unknown and for which there currently is no cure. […] The bottom-line question is: What is the underlying cause of the fluid build-up that is triggering the symptoms? […] Unfortunately, to date, the scientific and medical community has been unable to definitively identify what causes the fluid build-up in Mnires or why people get it. […] Various theories abound, but nothing has been proven. […] Some research has suggested that constrictions in blood vessels are the cause of Mnires. Others point to drainage issues due to a physical blockage or abnormal ear structure. Still others suspect allergies; viral and bacterial infections, including Lyme disease; head trauma; migraine headaches; and autoimmune responses. Because Mnires sometimes runs in families, others believe there may be a genetic link.

• #34 Meniere’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374910

  Meniere’s disease is an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells, also called vertigo, and hearing loss. […] The cause of Meniere’s disease isn’t known. Symptoms of Meniere’s disease may be due to extra fluid in the inner ear called endolymph. But it isn’t clear what causes this fluid to build up in the inner ear. […] Issues that affect the fluid, which might lead to Meniere’s disease, include: Poor fluid drainage. This may be due to a blockage or irregular ear shape. Autoimmune disorders. Viral infection. Genetics. […] Because no single cause has been found, Meniere’s disease likely has a combination of causes.

• #35 Meniere’s Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/menieres-disease.html

  Mnires disease occurs when fluid builds up in the balance and hearing organs of the inner ear. Doctors are not sure why this happens but think it may be due to: […] Mnires disease is associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and could be autoimmune-related. […] People who smoke or have vascular disease are more likely to develop Mnires disease. […] Mnires disease sometimes runs in families. In these cases, a genetic change may pass from parent to child. […] Cases of Mnires disease have developed after head trauma, especially those that damage the inner ear. […] People with Mnires disease may be more likely to experience migraine and people with migraine are more likely to experience Mnires disease, suggesting a common cause for both conditions.

• #36 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  In Meniere disease, pressure and volume changes in the labyrinthine endolymph affect inner ear function. The etiology of endolymphatic fluid buildup is unknown. Risk factors include a family history of Meniere disease, preexisting autoimmune disorders, allergies, trauma to the head or ear, and, very rarely, syphilis. Peak incidence is between ages 20 and 50. […] Meniere disease tends to be self-limited. […] A low-salt (1.5 g/day) diet, avoidance of alcohol and caffeine, and a diuretic (eg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally once a day or acetazolamide 250 mg orally 2 times a day) may help prevent or reduce the incidence of vertigo attacks and are commonly used first steps. However, there are no well-designed studies that clearly prove the efficacy of these measures for Meniere disease. […] Because there is strong overlap between Meniere disease and migraine disorders, a trial of traditional migraine preventive medications (eg, nortriptyline, venlafaxine) may also be considered for refractory or recurrent episodes.

• #37 Meniere’s Disease

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ENT/Vstblr/MnrsDs.htm

  Unknown […] Exacerbated by stress or emotional disturbance […] Associated with concurrent infection in 50% cases.

• #38 Meniere’s disease | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/menieres-disease

  Meniere’s disease is a disorder that affects the inner ear. It can cause problems with your hearing and balance. There’s no cure for the disease, but there are treatments that can help. […] The exact cause of Meniere’s disease is not known, but it’s thought to be related to fluid changes in your inner ear. […] In Meniere’s disease, the amount of inner ear fluid changes. Over time, this can damage the cells responsible for hearing and balance. […] Doctors don’t fully understand why this build-up happens, but possible causes include: problems with the ear from birth, genetic ear problems, passed down from parents, ear infections or injuries. […] Stress can affect Meniere’s disease by making attacks more frequent or severe.

• #39 Meniere Disease (Idiopathic Endolymphatic Hydrops): Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159069-overview

  Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, may cause an inflammatory response within the labyrinth. […] An autoimmune etiology was postulated after there was found to be an association with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Mnire disease. […] In addition, allergy has been implicated in many patients with difficult-to-treat Mnire disease. Food triggers are also important factors in the generation of hydrops.

• #40 Meniere Disease (Idiopathic Endolymphatic Hydrops): Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159069-overview

  Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, may cause an inflammatory response within the labyrinth. […] An autoimmune etiology was postulated after there was found to be an association with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Mnire disease. […] In addition, allergy has been implicated in many patients with difficult-to-treat Mnire disease. Food triggers are also important factors in the generation of hydrops.

• #41 Meniere’s Disease | UCI Health | Orange County, CA

  https://www.ucihealth.org/medical-services/conditions/menieres-disease

  The causes of Meniere’s disease isn’t known, though there are several theories. One is that it is caused by an abnormal amount of fluid in the inner ears. […] Things that might affect the fluid include: […] Improper fluid drainage […] Allergies […] Viruses […] Genetics […] Migraine headaches […] Head trauma […] Abnormal immune response. […] There are some known triggers of a Meniere’s attack, which include: […] High salt foods […] Too much caffeine […] Drinking alcohol […] Stress. […] While the triggers differ between patients, the above four triggers are the most common.

• #42 Ménière disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meniere-disease/

  Ménière disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. […] The cause of Ménière disease is unknown, although it probably results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. […] Ménière disease is thought to be related to abnormalities of the inner ear, which contains structures that are needed for normal hearing and balance. […] Researchers have studied many possible risk factors for Ménière disease, including viral infections, trauma to the inner ear, noise pollution, allergies, abnormal immune system responses, and migraines. […] However, none of the factors studied so far appears to play a major role in Ménière disease. […] Researchers are looking for additional environmental and genetic factors that are associated with this complex disorder.

• #43 Meniere’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374910

  Meniere’s disease is an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells, also called vertigo, and hearing loss. […] The cause of Meniere’s disease isn’t known. Symptoms of Meniere’s disease may be due to extra fluid in the inner ear called endolymph. But it isn’t clear what causes this fluid to build up in the inner ear. […] Issues that affect the fluid, which might lead to Meniere’s disease, include: Poor fluid drainage. This may be due to a blockage or irregular ear shape. Autoimmune disorders. Viral infection. Genetics. […] Because no single cause has been found, Meniere’s disease likely has a combination of causes.

• #44 Meniere’s Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-is-meniere-disease

  Your symptoms are caused when a fluid called endolymph builds up inside a couple of organs in your inner ear that are important for your ability to hear and tell where your body is in space. […] Researchers don’t know why the fluid builds up in your inner ear, but their most common theories suggest that something has disrupted how your body balances making and breaking down endolymph in your ear. This could be because of: […] Most researchers think that several of these issues come together to cause Menieres disease.

• #45 Ménière’s Disease – Balance & Dizziness Canada

  https://balanceanddizziness.org/disorders/vestibular-disorders/menieres-disease/

  Ménière’s disease is chronic and progressive, meaning that it does not go away and it tends to get worse over time. […] Researchers are not certain what causes Ménière’s disease. It is likely that it is caused by a combination of factors. Research in this area is continuing. […] Some researchers believe that Ménière’s disease is caused by a build-up of fluid in the inner ear, known as endolymphatic hydrops, which interferes with the balance system. […] It is likely that Ménière’s is not a single disease but a syndrome with many separate causes. It may be an inner-ear response to almost any injury. Researchers have suggested a variety of specific causes, including vascular, genetic or autoimmune problems, infections such as viruses or syphilis, allergy, trauma, low spinal-fluid pressure, intestinal permeability, acid reflux and venous drainage.

• #46 Meniere Disease (Idiopathic Endolymphatic Hydrops): Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159069-overview

  Mnire disease is a disorder of the inner ear that is also known as idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops. […] The term endolymphatic hydrops is often used synonymously with Mnire disease and Mnire syndrome, both of which are both believed to result from increased pressure within the endolymphatic system. […] However, Mnire disease is idiopathic by definition, whereas Mnire syndrome can occur secondary to various processes interfering with normal production or resorption of endolymph (eg, endocrine abnormalities, trauma, electrolyte imbalance, autoimmune dysfunction, medications, parasitic infections, hyperlipidemia). […] By definition, Mnire disease is idiopathic. In other words, if the cause is known, the disease process can no longer be called Mnire disease. […] Disorders that may give rise to elevated endolymphatic pressure include metabolic disturbances, hormonal imbalance, trauma, and various infections (eg, otosyphilis and Cogans syndrome [interstitial keratitis]).

• #47 Meniere’s Disease Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/ear-institute/conditions/vertigo-balance-disorders/menieres-disease

  Affecting men and women equally between the ages of 20 and 50 years old, Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes the following symptoms: […] Meniere’s disease is caused by an overproduction of fluid within the inner ear. Excessive fluid pressure interferes with the function of the hair cells located in that area. Sudden increases in pressure make the ear feel stopped up and cause vertigo. […] Most cases of Meniere’s disease have no known cause. In some cases, it can be associated with head trauma or middle or inner ear infections. Allergies and autoimmune disorders may also bring about the onset of this condition.

• #48 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  Meniere disease is thought to be caused by an excess amount of the fluid that is normally present in the inner ear. Fluid in the ear is held in a pouch-like structure called the endolymphatic sac. This fluid is continually being secreted and reabsorbed, maintaining a constant amount. Either an increase in production of inner ear fluid or a decrease in its reabsorption results in excess fluid. Why either happens is not known. […] This disease typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 50 years.

• #49 Ménière’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/vestibular/menieres-disease-symptoms-causes-and-treatments/

  Ménière’s disease is an inner ear (vestibular system) disorder that affects approximately 1 in every 1000 Canadians. […] Ménière’s Disease is a disorder that causes fluid to collect in the inner ear resulting in a variety of symptoms that can occur suddenly, without any warning. […] The disease occurs equally in both men and women and is more likely to occur in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. […] Genetic and environmental factors can also influence the incidence of the disease between countries. […] Ménière’s disease symptoms are caused by the buildup of fluid in a compartment of the inner ear, called the labyrinth. […] The endolymph buildup in the labyrinth interferes with the normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and the brain, causing the symptoms of the disease.

• #50 Meniere disease: Evaluation, diagnosis, and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meniere-disease-evaluation-diagnosis-and-management

  Meniere disease (MD), named for French physician Prosper Ménière, is a condition characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. […] The classic triad of symptoms (episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss), likely caused by endolymphatic hydrops of the labyrinthine system of the inner ear. […] Causes of endolymphatic hydrops.

• #51 Meniere’s Disease – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.healthyhearing.com/help/tinnitus/menieres-disease

  Meniere’s disease causes episodes (or „attacks”) of dizziness, hearing loss, and ear ringing. […] Doctors aren’t sure why it happens. It’s likely connected to inflammation or pressure changes in the inner ear. […] People with Meniere’s disease most likely have a problem with too much pressure or fluid in their inner ear. However, doctors still don’t know exactly what causes it. […] Inflammation in the inner ear is thought to cause the symptoms of Meniere’s disease. […] Basically anything that increases pressure or fluid in the inner ear can trigger an attack. However, triggers are different for everyone. […] Repeated bouts of tinnitus, hearing loss and vertigo are strong indicators of Meniere’s disease. […] There is no single test to detect and diagnose Meniere’s disease. Testing can help rule out other conditions, though.

• #52 Ménière disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meniere-disease/

  Ménière disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. […] The cause of Ménière disease is unknown, although it probably results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. […] Ménière disease is thought to be related to abnormalities of the inner ear, which contains structures that are needed for normal hearing and balance. […] Researchers have studied many possible risk factors for Ménière disease, including viral infections, trauma to the inner ear, noise pollution, allergies, abnormal immune system responses, and migraines. […] However, none of the factors studied so far appears to play a major role in Ménière disease. […] Researchers are looking for additional environmental and genetic factors that are associated with this complex disorder.

• #53 Meniere’s Disease | ENT & Allergy of Delaware

  https://entad.org/resources/patient-information-dr-teixido/endolymphatic-hydrops-menieres-disease/

  Endolymphatic hydrops and Menieres disease are disorders of the inner ear. Although the cause is unknown, it probably results from an abnormality of the fluids of the inner ear. […] The cause of Menieres disease is still unknown. Recent research suggests disorders of maintenance of the ion balance in the inner ear fluids may be the root cause of the ear symptoms in Menieres disease. […] If the cause of the irritation to the inner ear can be identified in a patient, avoiding and treating that cause are often more fruitful than concentrating on the ear symptoms themselves.

• #54 Long COVID and COVID-Induced Ménière’s Disease: Overview and Recommendations

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jor/journal-of-otolaryngology-and-rhinology-jor-9-131.php?jid=jor

  SARS-CoV-2, the infectious agent causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, often has long-term impacts on the health of those who survive initial infection and can lead to premature death. An understudied outcome of COVID-19 is its effect on the audiovestibular system. Impacts of the virus on this system create a pattern of disability similar to that of Ménière’s Disease (MD), a progressively degenerative condition that can cause severe falls and deafness. COVID-induced MD (CMD) impacts physical, social, psychological, financial, and other dimensions of health in profound ways that must be addressed throughout public and individualized health systems as early in its course as possible in order to increase individuals’ quality of life and decrease costs to individuals and society. […] An understudied outcome of COVID-19 is its effect on the aural system, notably on the inner ear, responsible for vestibular balance and hearing. Impacts of the virus lead to a pattern of disability similar to that of Ménière’s Disease (MD), a progressively degenerative condition that can ultimately cause severe falls and deafness. COVID-induced MD (CMD) impacts physical, social, psychological, financial, and other dimensions of health in profound ways that must be addressed throughout public and individualized health systems as early in its course as possible in order to increase individuals’ quality of life and decrease costs to individuals and society.

• #55 Long COVID and COVID-Induced Ménière’s Disease: Overview and Recommendations

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jor/journal-of-otolaryngology-and-rhinology-jor-9-131.php?jid=jor

  Ménière’s Disease (MD) has historically been diagnosed primarily in people aged 40-60. Its effects on the inner ear include stiffening of the „hairs” (stereocilia) that line the cochlea, tinnitus, deafness, dizziness, vertigo and loss of balance that can lead to increased risk for falls. Falls caused by MD typically occur without warning, loss of consciousness, or neurological symptoms and are known as drop attacks, Tumarkin drop attacks, drop vestibular attacks, or otolithic crises. […] Although incidence and prevalence are higher in people aged 40-60, younger individuals also can acquire MD, especially as outcomes of viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 or if they are genetically predisposed to the condition. […] In this paper, we explain the concept of „post-COVID syndrome,” describe MD in more detail, the association between SARS-CoV-2 and the audiovestibular system, and the causes of hearing loss and vertigo due to COVID-19.

• #56 Long COVID and COVID-Induced Ménière’s Disease: Overview and Recommendations

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jor/journal-of-otolaryngology-and-rhinology-jor-9-131.php?jid=jor

  Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a 30 dB or greater loss in three or more contiguous audiometric frequencies that develops within three days of symptom onset. It ranges from mild to profound and can occur in either or both ears. In cases caused by COVID-19, SSNHL can occur even in the absence of typical respiratory signs. Most SSNHL cases are idiopathic and can be caused by viral infections. Hearing loss prognosis depends on the duration and degree of deafness. […] Multiple possible mechanisms by which COVID-19 affects the aural system have been posited: Neuritis can be caused by the virus’ invading and causing inflammation-related damage to the meninges, labyrinth, or cochlear nerve. Cochleitis (infection of the cochlea) can be caused by viral involvement in perilymphatic tissues and the cochlea itself. Embolus formation can cause corruption of the microvascular structure in the inner ear, as can an increase in endolymph volume. Damage to the sensory cells of the cochlea can cause stiffening of the „hairs” (stereocilia) that line the cochlea and limit their ability to respond to sound. Latent viral infections within spiral ganglia or the auditory brainstem may be reactivated, causing damage patterns often seen in viral-induced SSNHL. Finally, it has been posited that SARS-CoV-2 may create an autoimmune dysfunction within the inner ear, causing antibodies to the virus to attack inner ear antigens. Further research on causal mechanisms is needed. […] Potential indirect causes of MD and CMD-induced SSNHL include hemorrhage within the labyrinth, which could itself be caused by COVID-19’s impacts on the cardiovascular system. Further research needs to be done to identify most probable causes of CMD.

• #57 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  In Meniere disease, pressure and volume changes in the labyrinthine endolymph affect inner ear function. The etiology of endolymphatic fluid buildup is unknown. Risk factors include a family history of Meniere disease, preexisting autoimmune disorders, allergies, trauma to the head or ear, and, very rarely, syphilis. Peak incidence is between ages 20 and 50. […] Meniere disease tends to be self-limited. […] A low-salt (1.5 g/day) diet, avoidance of alcohol and caffeine, and a diuretic (eg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally once a day or acetazolamide 250 mg orally 2 times a day) may help prevent or reduce the incidence of vertigo attacks and are commonly used first steps. However, there are no well-designed studies that clearly prove the efficacy of these measures for Meniere disease. […] Because there is strong overlap between Meniere disease and migraine disorders, a trial of traditional migraine preventive medications (eg, nortriptyline, venlafaxine) may also be considered for refractory or recurrent episodes.

• #58 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  In Meniere disease, pressure and volume changes in the labyrinthine endolymph affect inner ear function. The etiology of endolymphatic fluid buildup is unknown. Risk factors include a family history of Meniere disease, preexisting autoimmune disorders, allergies, trauma to the head or ear, and, very rarely, syphilis. Peak incidence is between ages 20 and 50. […] Meniere disease tends to be self-limited. […] A low-salt (1.5 g/day) diet, avoidance of alcohol and caffeine, and a diuretic (eg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally once a day or acetazolamide 250 mg orally 2 times a day) may help prevent or reduce the incidence of vertigo attacks and are commonly used first steps. However, there are no well-designed studies that clearly prove the efficacy of these measures for Meniere disease. […] Because there is strong overlap between Meniere disease and migraine disorders, a trial of traditional migraine preventive medications (eg, nortriptyline, venlafaxine) may also be considered for refractory or recurrent episodes.

• #59 Meniere Disease – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/meniere-disease

  Although more invasive, endolymphatic sac decompression relieves vertigo in most patients, spares vestibular function, and poses minimal risk of hearing loss. Thus this procedure is still classified as a vestibular-sparing treatment. […] When vestibular-sparing treatments are ineffective, an ablative procedure is considered.

• #60 Meniere’s Disease – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.healthyhearing.com/help/tinnitus/menieres-disease

  Unfortunately, many of the treatments for Meniere’s haven’t been studied extensively. […] The Cochrane Collaboration, which evaluates medical research, found only two treatments had any clinical trial evidence to support their use. […] Meniere’s disease can cause hearing loss in one or both ears. […] The hearing loss can range from mild to profound. […] Meniere’s disease is unpredictable. The hearing loss may not affect low frequencies, but instead high frequencies.

• #61 Meniere’s Disease | ENT & Allergy of Delaware

  https://entad.org/resources/patient-information-dr-teixido/endolymphatic-hydrops-menieres-disease/

  Endolymphatic hydrops and Menieres disease are disorders of the inner ear. Although the cause is unknown, it probably results from an abnormality of the fluids of the inner ear. […] The cause of Menieres disease is still unknown. Recent research suggests disorders of maintenance of the ion balance in the inner ear fluids may be the root cause of the ear symptoms in Menieres disease. […] If the cause of the irritation to the inner ear can be identified in a patient, avoiding and treating that cause are often more fruitful than concentrating on the ear symptoms themselves.

• #62 Meniere’s Disease Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/ear-institute/conditions/vertigo-balance-disorders/menieres-disease

  Affecting men and women equally between the ages of 20 and 50 years old, Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes the following symptoms: […] Meniere’s disease is caused by an overproduction of fluid within the inner ear. Excessive fluid pressure interferes with the function of the hair cells located in that area. Sudden increases in pressure make the ear feel stopped up and cause vertigo. […] Most cases of Meniere’s disease have no known cause. In some cases, it can be associated with head trauma or middle or inner ear infections. Allergies and autoimmune disorders may also bring about the onset of this condition.

• #63 What Is Ménière’s Disease? — Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease

  Mnires disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or congestion in the ear. […] Theories vary about the causes of Mnires disease. Some researchers believe it may develop from constricted blood vessels, which also occur with migraine headaches. Other theories suggest viral infections, allergies, or autoimmune reactions as possible causes. Genetic variations could also play a role, since Mnires disease sometimes affects more than one family member. […] Although the causes of Mnires disease remain unclear, the symptoms of Mnires disease are associated with a fluid imbalance in a part of the inner ear called the labyrinth. […] In people with Mnires disease, a buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth called endolymphatic hydrops disrupts normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and the brain. This disruption is also associated with vertigo and other Mnires disease symptoms, which can vary widely.

• #64 What is Ménière’s Disease?

  https://hifla.org/what-is-menieres-disease/

  Mnires disease is a balance disorder. Its caused by an abnormality in part the inner ear called the labyrinth. […] The exact cause of Mnires disease is unknown. It is believed to be associated with a dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac, an organ responsible for regulating the volume and pressure of fluid in the inner ear. Various theories point to circulation disorders, viral infections, head trauma, allergies, migraines and obstructions of the ear canal as possible causes. Because no single cause has been identified, its likely that Menieres disease results from a combination of factors. […] Mnire disease is a disorder caused by build of fluid in the chambers in the inner ear.

• #65 Ménière disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meniere-disease/

  Ménière disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. […] The cause of Ménière disease is unknown, although it probably results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. […] Ménière disease is thought to be related to abnormalities of the inner ear, which contains structures that are needed for normal hearing and balance. […] Researchers have studied many possible risk factors for Ménière disease, including viral infections, trauma to the inner ear, noise pollution, allergies, abnormal immune system responses, and migraines. […] However, none of the factors studied so far appears to play a major role in Ménière disease. […] Researchers are looking for additional environmental and genetic factors that are associated with this complex disorder.

• #66 Meniere’s Disease | ENT & Allergy of Delaware

  https://entad.org/resources/patient-information-dr-teixido/endolymphatic-hydrops-menieres-disease/

  Endolymphatic hydrops and Menieres disease are disorders of the inner ear. Although the cause is unknown, it probably results from an abnormality of the fluids of the inner ear. […] The cause of Menieres disease is still unknown. Recent research suggests disorders of maintenance of the ion balance in the inner ear fluids may be the root cause of the ear symptoms in Menieres disease. […] If the cause of the irritation to the inner ear can be identified in a patient, avoiding and treating that cause are often more fruitful than concentrating on the ear symptoms themselves.

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