Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385613

  In total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. As a result, oxygen-rich blood mixes with oxygen-poor blood, as shown in purple. In a typical heart, shown on the left, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left chamber, also called the left atrium. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it’s a congenital heart defect. […] In this heart condition, the lung blood vessels, called the pulmonary veins, attach to the wrong place in the heart. […] In TAPVR, the connection of veins is changed. Blood flows through the upper right heart chamber, called the right atrium. This change in blood flow causes oxygen-poor blood to mix with oxygen-rich blood. As a result, blood flowing to the body doesn’t have enough oxygen.

• #2 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is an issue where veins from your babys lungs connect to the right side of their heart instead of the left. Blood with and without oxygen mixes, which keeps their body from getting enough oxygen. This is a rare, life-threatening congenital heart issue that affects newborns. […] Babies who have TAPVR need an operation. With early surgery, most children with TAPVR survive into adulthood. But some will need repeat surgery or procedures to treat narrowing in their veins later in life. Because of this, people with TAPVR need to see a cardiologist (a heart expert) regularly to monitor their health following surgery. […] Nearly every baby with total anomalous pulmonary venous return needs surgery to survive. Healthcare providers treat TAPVR with open-heart surgery. Most often, providers perform this surgery as soon as they can after diagnosing the condition.

• #3 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the 4 veins that take blood from the lungs to the heart do not attach normally to the left atrium (left upper chamber of the heart). Instead, they attach to another blood vessel or the wrong part of the heart. It is present at birth (congenital heart disease). […] Surgery to repair the problem is needed as soon as possible. In surgery, the pulmonary veins are connected to the left atrium and the defect between the right and left atrium is closed. […] If this condition is not treated, the heart will get larger, leading to heart failure. Repairing the defect early provides excellent results if there is no blockage of the pulmonary veins at the new connection into the heart. Infants who have obstructed veins have worsened survival. […] Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of TAPVR. Prompt attention is required.

• #4 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/t/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return.html

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. This means that your child is born with it. It happens as the babys heart develops during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. […] This condition causes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body. This keeps oxygen-rich blood from being carried all over the body. Your child can’t live with TAPVR long-term. They need oxygen-rich blood all over the body. […] All children with a TAPVR will need to have surgery to fix it. Your baby may need to go into the intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment. […] The surgery is done through a cut (incision) through the breastbone (sternum) and into the chest. Your baby will be connected to a heart-lung machine during surgery. This device does the work of your baby’s heart and lungs during surgery. The details of the surgery depend on the type of TAPVR your baby has. Your childs healthcare provider will explain the procedure to you. Some babies with severe forms of TAPVR may need surgery shortly after birth.

• #5 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://lsom.uthscsa.edu/ct-surgery/patient-care/congenital-heart/conditions-we-treat/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr/

  In TAPVR the entire pulmonary venous circulation drains to the RA, either directly or by a systemic vein or sinus connecting with the RA via the SVC, IVC, or coronary sinus. An ASD is necessary to deliver oxygenated blood to the left heart. TAPVR is classified as supracardiac, cardiac, or infracardiac. In the most common variant of supracardiac TAPVR, all four pulmonary veins drain into a common, left vertical vein, which then drains into the innominate vein, azygous vein, SVC, or RA. […] In cases without obstruction there is a large left-to-right shunt and patients present with heart failure months after birth up to early childhood. There may be a gallop or faint systolic murmur secondary to increased flow across the tricuspid valve, and a prominent fixed S2. Patients with non obstructed TAPVR are repaired electively when diagnosed, usually when symptoms develop around 6 months of age. When there is pulmonary venous obstruction, infants present in extremis within hours to days of birth; they are profoundly cyanotic and in severe congestive heart failure.

• #6 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Total and partial anomalous venous connection comprises a wide spectrum of congenital cardiovascular malformations where one or more pulmonary veins returns to the right atrium or systemic venous circulation instead of draining directly into the left atrium. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous connections (TAPVC) is a cyanotic congenital heart disease where all of the pulmonary veins drain directly or indirectly into the right atrium. […] TAPVC implies that all the pulmonary veins connect to the systemic veins or right atrium, either by a common vertical vein or individually. Anatomically TAPVC can be divided into four subtypes based on the level of the anomalous connection as supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. […] Corrective surgery is indicated in all patients with TAPVC as soon as possible, once the clinical condition is stabilized.

• #7 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  Of patients with TAPVR, 58% were supracardiac, 19% were infracardiac, 13% were cardiac, and 10% were mixed type. Pulmonary venous obstruction was present in 10 patients (32%). While pulmonary hypertension crisis developed in eight patients (25%), low cardiac output was detected in six patients (19%). Rhythm problems were observed in 11 patients (35%). Pulmonary venous obstruction was more common in patients with infracardiac drainage TAPVR, low weight and small age. […] The mortality rate of TAPVR may decrease significantly with early diagnosis and effective, advanced, and suitable intensive care unit follow-up. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the pulmonary vein flows enter the systemic veins, right atrium, or coronary sinus instead of the left atrium, and it accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart pathologies. The signs and symptoms of TAPVR vary according to the sufficiency of the interatrial connection and the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). The severity of these symptoms range from mild (e.g., a murmur and tachypnea) to severe (e.g., cyanosis, metabolic acidosis, cardiac insufficiency, or low cardiac output). Surgery is the definitive treatment, and thanks to early, accurate diagnostic methods, improved surgical techniques, myocardial protection during surgery, and improved postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mortality rate has now been reduced to less than 10%.

• #8 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return – Seattle Children’s Hospital

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/total-anomalous/

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a birth defect in which the veins from the lungs do not connect to the left atrium. Instead, they connect to the right atrium or to the blood vessels leading into the right atrium. […] With this condition, the babys body does not get as much oxygen as it should. Their right ventricle and pulmonary artery (which carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs) will both become larger than normal because they are handling too much blood. […] This condition can only be repaired by surgery. […] In the operation, the surgeon opens the back of the left atrium and connects the common vein to the left atrium. This creates proper flow of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. The surgeon also closes the abnormal connection that went to the right side of the heart, as well as the atrial septal defect.

• #9 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  In total anomalous pulmonary venous return, the pulmonary veins drain to a confluence adjacent to the posterior wall of the left atrium but do not connect to the left atrium. Instead, the entire pulmonary venous return enters the systemic venous circulation through one or more persistent embryologic connections. […] Diagnosis is by echocardiography. Surgical repair is required. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) accounts for 1 to 2% of congenital heart anomalies. […] The infradiaphragmatic drainage type is invariably severely obstructed, leading to dramatic pulmonary edema and cyanosis unresponsive to supplemental oxygen that manifest shortly after birth. […] Neonates with obstructed pulmonary venous return present with respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and marked cyanosis.

• #10 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385613

  The type of TAPVR depends on where the veins connect. Most children born with TAPVR have no family history of congenital heart disease. […] Symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in babies may include trouble breathing, poor feeding and a weak pulse. The baby’s skin may look gray or blue due to low oxygen levels. This is called cyanosis. Depending on skin color, these changes may be easier or harder to see. […] Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed before or soon after a child is born. If you think that your baby has symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is treated with surgery. The surgery usually is done when a child is a baby. The timing of surgery depends on whether there’s a blockage. To repair the heart, surgeons connect the pulmonary veins to the left upper heart chamber. They also close the hole between the upper heart chambers. […] A person with TAPVR needs regular health checkups for life to check for infection, blockages or irregular heartbeats. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases should provide care. This type of healthcare professional is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #11 About Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/tapvr.html

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (pronounced TOHT-l uh-NOM-uh-luh-s PUHL-muh-ner-ee VEE-nuh-s ri-TURN) or T-A-P-V-R is a congenital heart defect. […] TAPVR occurs when the pulmonary veins connect to the heart by way of an abnormal (anomalous) connection. […] People with this condition need routine checkups with a heart doctor to stay as healthy as possible as they get older. […] A baby with TAPVR may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth. Therefore, TAPVR is considered a critical congenital heart defect (critical CHD). […] Symptoms of TAPVR usually occur at birth or very soon afterwards. Infants with TAPVR can have a bluish looking skin color, called cyanosis, because their blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen. […] Babies with TAPVR will need surgery to repair the defect.

• #12 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), is a rare heart defect in which the blood vessels that drain the lungs (pulmonary veins) are not connected normally to the heart. Instead, the pulmonary veins are redirected abnormally to other chambers of the heart. About 1 in every 20,000 babies is born with TAPVR. […] Children with TAPVR will need surgery in infancy to repair the problem. […] Most babies born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) are very ill soon after birth. Symptoms may include: A bluish tint to the skin and lips, Trouble breathing, Rapid breathing, Poor feeding or poor growth. […] Newborns with severe TAPVR will need emergency surgery shortly after birth. They often need to be admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and require intensive support with medications and a ventilator (breathing machine).

• #13 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Total_anomalous_pulmonary_venous_return

  A cyanotic congenital heart defect. […] All four pulmonary veins drain into the systemic venous circulation rather than into the left atrium. […] In obstructed forms of TAPVR, the pulmonary venous system is compressed by surrounding structures. […] May lead to RV hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular changes that may result in RV failure. […] Respiratory distress and tachypnea. […] Poor feeding, failure to thrive. […] Hepatomegaly due to right-sided failure. […] Variable degrees of cyanosis. […] Stabilize cardiopulmonary function prior to surgery. […] Supplemental oxygen. […] Mechanical ventilation. […] Inotropic agents (eg, dopamine and dobutamine) improve myocardial contractility. […] Diuretic therapy, (eg, furosemide) reduce preload, relieve volume overload and pulmonary congestion. […] Prostaglandin E1 may be required to prevent closure of ductus arteriosus to maintain systemic cardiac output. […] Primary surgical repair.

• #14 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://lsom.uthscsa.edu/ct-surgery/patient-care/congenital-heart/conditions-we-treat/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr/

  In TAPVR the entire pulmonary venous circulation drains to the RA, either directly or by a systemic vein or sinus connecting with the RA via the SVC, IVC, or coronary sinus. An ASD is necessary to deliver oxygenated blood to the left heart. TAPVR is classified as supracardiac, cardiac, or infracardiac. In the most common variant of supracardiac TAPVR, all four pulmonary veins drain into a common, left vertical vein, which then drains into the innominate vein, azygous vein, SVC, or RA. […] In cases without obstruction there is a large left-to-right shunt and patients present with heart failure months after birth up to early childhood. There may be a gallop or faint systolic murmur secondary to increased flow across the tricuspid valve, and a prominent fixed S2. Patients with non obstructed TAPVR are repaired electively when diagnosed, usually when symptoms develop around 6 months of age. When there is pulmonary venous obstruction, infants present in extremis within hours to days of birth; they are profoundly cyanotic and in severe congestive heart failure.

• #15 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it’s a congenital heart defect. […] In this heart condition, the lung blood vessels, called the pulmonary veins, attach to the wrong place in the heart. […] In TAPVR, the connection of veins is changed. Blood flows through the upper right heart chamber, called the right atrium. This change in blood flow causes oxygen-poor blood to mix with oxygen-rich blood. As a result, blood flowing to the body doesn’t have enough oxygen. […] Symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in babies may include trouble breathing, poor feeding and a weak pulse. The baby’s skin may look gray or blue due to low oxygen levels. This is called cyanosis. […] If you think that your baby has symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), call your child’s healthcare professional.

• #16 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), also referred to as total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), is a cyanotic congenital defect in which all four pulmonary veins fail to make their normal connection to the left atrium. This results in drainage of all pulmonary venous return into the systemic venous circulation. […] The anatomic variants, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of TAPVC will be reviewed here. […] TAPVC accounts for approximately ranges between 0.7 and 1.5 percent of all congenital heart defects in newborns. […] TAPVC arises from the failure of the left atrium to link with the pulmonary venous plexus, which results in the retention of connections through the primitive cardinal and umbilicovitelline drainage pathways. […] The cardinal venous system provides connections to the innominate vein, right atrium, superior vena cava, or azygous vein and the umbilicovitelline system to the portal or hepatic vein, or inferior vena cava.

• #17 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Medical management is essentially ineffective for these patients, making TAPVR one of the few defects requiring emergent surgical intervention in a congenital cardiac practice. […] Mortality following operative correction has improved over the last several decades, although certain subsets have persistently worse survival. […] The most commonly used classification scheme was proposed by Craig, Darling, and Rothney. […] This classification scheme is most practical because it helps in surgical planning, postoperative management, and long-term care. […] The diagnosis of TAPVR can be difficult on prenatal ultrasonography. […] Echocardiography is an important initial diagnostic tool for patients with suspected TAPVR. […] The objectives of preoperative echocardiography are to do the following: Identify the drainage of individual pulmonary veins, Identify the position of the confluence in relation to the left atrium, Identify the presence and degree of obstruction to pulmonary venous flow, Assess if there is obstruction at the level of the atrial septum, Estimate RV pressure, Identify any associated cardiac lesions.

• #18 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return?lang=us

  The right heart is prominent in TAPVR because of the increased flow volume, but the left atrium remains normal in size. Types I and II result in cardiomegaly. […] Transthoracic echocardiography may be used to define the anatomical connections present, as well as assess the hemodynamic consequences.

• #19 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  The exact cause of most congenital heart defects, including total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), is not known. […] Possible risk factors for congenital heart defects, including total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), may include: Rubella, also called German measles. […] To diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venus return (TAPVR), a healthcare professional listens to the heart and lungs. A whooshing sound, called a heart murmur, may be heard. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is treated with surgery. The surgery usually is done when a child is a baby. […] A person with TAPVR needs regular health checkups for life to check for infection, blockages or irregular heartbeats. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases should provide care. This type of healthcare professional is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #20 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Medical management is essentially ineffective for these patients, making TAPVR one of the few defects requiring emergent surgical intervention in a congenital cardiac practice. […] Mortality following operative correction has improved over the last several decades, although certain subsets have persistently worse survival. […] The most commonly used classification scheme was proposed by Craig, Darling, and Rothney. […] This classification scheme is most practical because it helps in surgical planning, postoperative management, and long-term care. […] The diagnosis of TAPVR can be difficult on prenatal ultrasonography. […] Echocardiography is an important initial diagnostic tool for patients with suspected TAPVR. […] The objectives of preoperative echocardiography are to do the following: Identify the drainage of individual pulmonary veins, Identify the position of the confluence in relation to the left atrium, Identify the presence and degree of obstruction to pulmonary venous flow, Assess if there is obstruction at the level of the atrial septum, Estimate RV pressure, Identify any associated cardiac lesions.

• #21 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Total_anomalous_pulmonary_venous_return

  A cyanotic congenital heart defect. […] All four pulmonary veins drain into the systemic venous circulation rather than into the left atrium. […] In obstructed forms of TAPVR, the pulmonary venous system is compressed by surrounding structures. […] May lead to RV hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular changes that may result in RV failure. […] Respiratory distress and tachypnea. […] Poor feeding, failure to thrive. […] Hepatomegaly due to right-sided failure. […] Variable degrees of cyanosis. […] Stabilize cardiopulmonary function prior to surgery. […] Supplemental oxygen. […] Mechanical ventilation. […] Inotropic agents (eg, dopamine and dobutamine) improve myocardial contractility. […] Diuretic therapy, (eg, furosemide) reduce preload, relieve volume overload and pulmonary congestion. […] Prostaglandin E1 may be required to prevent closure of ductus arteriosus to maintain systemic cardiac output. […] Primary surgical repair.

• #22 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  The level of preoperative support required will reflect the pathophysiologic state of the patient and depends on the degree of PVO and pulmonary blood flow. […] Critical care management of infants with TAPVR and severe PVO is supportive and focuses on stabilization, optimization of oxygen delivery, and prevention of pulmonary hypertensive crisis.

• #23 Anesthetic Management During Stenting of Obstructed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Return in a Neonate With Single Ventricle Anatomy | Hakim | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/2724/2078

  Prior to surgical or cardiac catheterization intervention, the goals of anesthetic management include effective ventilation with correction of hypoxemia and hypercarbia, control of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), correction of acid/base and electrolyte imbalances, and the maintenance of hemodynamic stability with inotropic support. […] Following these interventions, a balance must be achieved between treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and optimizing systemic cardiac output while maintaining adequate oxygen saturation. […] Given the complex nature of such patients, the key to a successful outcome is the close cooperation of a multi-disciplinary pediatric team including intensivists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons.

• #24 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Your child may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or special care nursery once symptoms are noted. Initially, your child may be placed on oxygen and possibly even on a ventilator to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgical repair will grow and develop normally. However, after TAPVR repair, your infant will need to be followed periodically by a pediatric cardiologist who will make assessments to check for any heart-related problems. […] Regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital cardiac care should continue throughout the individuals lifespan.

• #25 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  We also found that six patients had low cardiac output. Four of these having PVO while five also had left ventricular hypoplasia. In addition, two of these patients required ECMO life support due to a continuous low cardiac output in spite of receiving intensive inotropic support and peritoneal dialysis. […] Our findings revealed that postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertensive crises, and arrhythmia can be prevented by advanced ICU monitorization, especially for patients without the need for mechanical ventilation, those without metabolic acidosis, those with TAPVR who also have left ventricular hypoplasia, and those who have PVO. Furthermore, early and effective treatment with NO drugs or ECMO support to counteract these complications could lead to an improvement in the morbidity and mortality rates of these patients.

• #26 TAPVR | Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a defect that needs surgery to fix. The timing of the surgical repair varies depending on the type of TAPVR present. The condition of the child is considered as well. […] Surgery is done right away for newborns with obstructed TAPVR. Some of these children will need extracorporeal life support (ECMO) prior to surgery because of their blood flow instability. […] The surgical repair connects all of the veins to the back of the left atrium. This leads to a normal connection of pulmonary veins to left atrium. All other routes for pulmonary venous drainage are tied off. […] The outcome of surgical repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous return is excellent. The surgical mortality is less than 5% when repair is performed electively. […] The long-term outcome after surgical repair of TAPV is also excellent. Because the surgical repair results in a normal circulation, these children are expected to grow and develop normally.

• #27 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), is a rare heart defect in which the blood vessels that drain the lungs (pulmonary veins) are not connected normally to the heart. Instead, the pulmonary veins are redirected abnormally to other chambers of the heart. About 1 in every 20,000 babies is born with TAPVR. […] Children with TAPVR will need surgery in infancy to repair the problem. […] Most babies born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) are very ill soon after birth. Symptoms may include: A bluish tint to the skin and lips, Trouble breathing, Rapid breathing, Poor feeding or poor growth. […] Newborns with severe TAPVR will need emergency surgery shortly after birth. They often need to be admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and require intensive support with medications and a ventilator (breathing machine).

• #28 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return occurs equally in boys and in girls. […] Babies with this heart defect cannot supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. Without an additional heart defect that allows mixing of oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood, such as an atrial septal defect, infants with TAPVR will have a mixture of oxygen-rich (red) and oxygen-poor (blue) blood circulating through the right heart and back to the lungs a situation that is fatal. […] Another problem that occurs with TAPVR is that too much blood flows through the blood vessels in the lungs, since the pulmonary veins add extra blood back in to the circulation on the right side of the heart. The lungs become stressed by this extra blood flow and can eventually become damaged from it. […] Specific treatment for TAPVR will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s age, overall health and medical history, extent of the disease, your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies, expectations for the course of the disease, your opinion or preference.

• #29 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Returns | TAPVR | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] TAPVR is a serious and complicated condition that requires the attention of a medical team skilled in its diagnosis and treatment. […] Babies with total anomalous pulmonary venous return are not able to supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. […] A timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is needed to prevent the condition from becoming fatal. […] Treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery. […] After TAPVR surgery, infants will return to the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home after TAPVR surgery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgery will grow and develop normally.

• #30 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return – Seattle Children’s Hospital

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/total-anomalous/

  The timing of the surgery depends on how severe your childs condition is. Some children need surgery soon after birth because they have severe symptoms. Sometimes doctors can stabilize babies who have a blocked common vein by using cardiac catheterization to place a stent in this vein. […] If your childs symptoms are not severe, the doctor may suggest waiting so your child can grow. This makes it easier to do the surgery. Most children have surgery by the age of 6 months. […] Your childs treatment plan is custom-made. We plan and carry out their treatment based on the specific details of their heart condition. We closely check your childs needs to make sure they get the care that is right for them at every age.

• #31 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital (meaning it’s present from birth) heart disease that affects the pulmonary veins. […] In a child born with total anomalous which means abnormal pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins connect to other veins and ultimately drain their blood into the right atrium. […] Children with TAPVR also have other heart defects. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery in all cases. […] Because of enormous strides in medicine and technology, today most children born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return go on to lead productive lives as adults. […] Children who were born with TAPVR and had it repaired must continue to see a pediatric cardiologist regularly. […] It is important that children who were born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return continue to see a cardiologist.

• #32 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is an issue where veins from your babys lungs connect to the right side of their heart instead of the left. Blood with and without oxygen mixes, which keeps their body from getting enough oxygen. This is a rare, life-threatening congenital heart issue that affects newborns. […] Babies who have TAPVR need an operation. With early surgery, most children with TAPVR survive into adulthood. But some will need repeat surgery or procedures to treat narrowing in their veins later in life. Because of this, people with TAPVR need to see a cardiologist (a heart expert) regularly to monitor their health following surgery. […] Nearly every baby with total anomalous pulmonary venous return needs surgery to survive. Healthcare providers treat TAPVR with open-heart surgery. Most often, providers perform this surgery as soon as they can after diagnosing the condition.

• #33 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/t/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return.html

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. This means that your child is born with it. It happens as the babys heart develops during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. […] This condition causes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body. This keeps oxygen-rich blood from being carried all over the body. Your child can’t live with TAPVR long-term. They need oxygen-rich blood all over the body. […] All children with a TAPVR will need to have surgery to fix it. Your baby may need to go into the intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment. […] The surgery is done through a cut (incision) through the breastbone (sternum) and into the chest. Your baby will be connected to a heart-lung machine during surgery. This device does the work of your baby’s heart and lungs during surgery. The details of the surgery depend on the type of TAPVR your baby has. Your childs healthcare provider will explain the procedure to you. Some babies with severe forms of TAPVR may need surgery shortly after birth.

• #34 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the 4 veins that take blood from the lungs to the heart do not attach normally to the left atrium (left upper chamber of the heart). Instead, they attach to another blood vessel or the wrong part of the heart. It is present at birth (congenital heart disease). […] Surgery to repair the problem is needed as soon as possible. In surgery, the pulmonary veins are connected to the left atrium and the defect between the right and left atrium is closed. […] If this condition is not treated, the heart will get larger, leading to heart failure. Repairing the defect early provides excellent results if there is no blockage of the pulmonary veins at the new connection into the heart. Infants who have obstructed veins have worsened survival. […] Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of TAPVR. Prompt attention is required.

• #35 About Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/tapvr.html

  The goal of surgical repair of TAPVR is to restore normal blood flow through the heart. […] Surgical repairs for TAPVR are not a cure. People living with TAPVR may have lifelong complications. Routine checkups with a heart doctor are needed to monitor progress, avoid complications, and check for other health conditions that might develop over time.

• #36 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Babies with less severe TAPVR usually have surgery in the days or weeks after they’re diagnosed. The goal of surgery for TAPVR is to restore normal connections of the pulmonary veins to the heart, alleviate any obstructions or narrowing of the pulmonary veins, to tie up any vessels that have developed and to close the atrial septal defect (ASD). […] Our team in the Boston Children’s Department of Cardiac Surgery treat some of the most complex pediatric heart conditions in the world. Our specialized clinicians can often diagnose this condition during fetal echocardiogram. Our cardiac surgeons have vast experience in repairing this defect, and work with nurses and doctors who are focused on providing expert care after surgery.

• #37 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous return is suspected by chest x-ray and established by echocardiography. […] Neonates with total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction require emergent surgical repair. […] Surgical repair consists of creating a wide anastomosis between the pulmonary venous confluence and the posterior wall of the left atrium. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended preoperatively but is required only for the first 6 months after repair unless there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch or prosthetic material.

• #38 TAPVR | Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a defect that needs surgery to fix. The timing of the surgical repair varies depending on the type of TAPVR present. The condition of the child is considered as well. […] Surgery is done right away for newborns with obstructed TAPVR. Some of these children will need extracorporeal life support (ECMO) prior to surgery because of their blood flow instability. […] The surgical repair connects all of the veins to the back of the left atrium. This leads to a normal connection of pulmonary veins to left atrium. All other routes for pulmonary venous drainage are tied off. […] The outcome of surgical repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous return is excellent. The surgical mortality is less than 5% when repair is performed electively. […] The long-term outcome after surgical repair of TAPV is also excellent. Because the surgical repair results in a normal circulation, these children are expected to grow and develop normally.

• #39 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Memorial Hermann

  http://memorialhermann.org/ar-sa/services/conditions/pediatric-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare congenital (present at birth) condition in which the pulmonary veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart are anomalous – abnormal – and do not connect properly to the left atrium. […] When all four pulmonary veins are connected improperly, the baby also develops a hole, known as an atrial septal defect or ASD, in the tissue between the two atria that allows the mixed blood – oxygenated and unoxygenated – to reach the left side of the heart and then be pumped out to the body. […] Sometimes, the abnormal veins become narrowed or blocked at the entrance before they enter the right atrium, making it hard for blood to move from the lungs to the heart. This is considered a cardiac emergency, requiring prompt surgery.

• #40 TAPVR | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/tapvr/

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a critical birth defect of the pulmonary veins that causes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to return to the wrong side of the heart. […] All babies born with TAPVR likely will need surgery in the first year of life. […] As the leading providers of pediatric heart care in Louisville and Southern Indiana, the board-certified and fellowship-trained cardiothoracic surgeons at Norton Children’s Heart Institute are experienced with successfully repairing TAPVR. […] Babies born with TAPVR will need surgery to restore normal blood flow through the heart. […] A baby who has an obstructive form of TAPVR (meaning the blood cannot get to the heart from the lungs) may need emergency surgery. […] Children with surgically repaired TAPVR may have lifelong complications.

• #41 Understanding Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

  https://lagans.org.uk/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venus-return/

  Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return is a rare heart defect that is present at birth and it occurs when pulmonary veins connect to the heart in an abnormal way. […] Children born with this condition will need surgery to repair the defect, as well routine checkups to stay as healthy as possible as they grow. […] All types of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return will need to be treated with surgery, but the timing of the surgery will depend on the type of TAPVR present. […] Newborns who have an obstructed TAPVR will need surgery immediately after birth. […] Infants with an unobstructed TAPVR will typically have surgery days to weeks after the diagnosis is made. […] The outcome for surgical repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return is extremely positive, with many infants growing and developing as normal after all surgery and aftercare is completed.

• #42 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return – Seattle Children’s Hospital

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/total-anomalous/

  The timing of the surgery depends on how severe your childs condition is. Some children need surgery soon after birth because they have severe symptoms. Sometimes doctors can stabilize babies who have a blocked common vein by using cardiac catheterization to place a stent in this vein. […] If your childs symptoms are not severe, the doctor may suggest waiting so your child can grow. This makes it easier to do the surgery. Most children have surgery by the age of 6 months. […] Your childs treatment plan is custom-made. We plan and carry out their treatment based on the specific details of their heart condition. We closely check your childs needs to make sure they get the care that is right for them at every age.

• #43 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Your child may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or special care nursery once symptoms are noted. Initially, your child may be placed on oxygen and possibly even on a ventilator to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgical repair will grow and develop normally. However, after TAPVR repair, your infant will need to be followed periodically by a pediatric cardiologist who will make assessments to check for any heart-related problems. […] Regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital cardiac care should continue throughout the individuals lifespan.

• #44 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Nationwide Children’s

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a heart problem where veins connect to the wrong place. It needs surgery to fix. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a condition where the blood vessels in the lungs, called the pulmonary veins, are not attached to the heart in the right place. […] All children born with TAPVR will need surgery to connect the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and close the atrial septal defect. This lets blood flow through the heart and lungs the right way. […] If you are carrying a baby with a heart defect, you will still get care from your pregnancy doctor (obstetrician). […] After surgery, your baby will go to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU). […] Your medical team will help you decide on the safest feeding approach. […] Your hospital stay after birth may be a couple of days or as long as weeks to months. […] Your cardiologist will follow up with your baby’s heart needs even after they are discharged from the hospital.

• #45 Get TAPVR Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/tapvr-treatment

  When your baby is born with veins connecting to the wrong place in their heart, surgery is a must and that can be a lot to take in. […] The good news is that total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) also called total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) can be repaired when its diagnosed early. […] If your child has total anomalous pulmonary venous return, it means the veins from their lungs connect to their heart in the wrong place. And it can affect how blood flows through their body to deliver oxygen to their organs. […] TAPVR is a serious heart condition, which we treat with open-heart surgery. We do this surgery as soon as we can after your childs diagnosis to help restore normal blood flow to their heart. […] After your child has open-heart surgery, theyll spend one or two days in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU).

• #46 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Returns | TAPVR | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] TAPVR is a serious and complicated condition that requires the attention of a medical team skilled in its diagnosis and treatment. […] Babies with total anomalous pulmonary venous return are not able to supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. […] A timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is needed to prevent the condition from becoming fatal. […] Treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery. […] After TAPVR surgery, infants will return to the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home after TAPVR surgery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgery will grow and develop normally.

• #47 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Returns | TAPVR | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] TAPVR is a serious and complicated condition that requires the attention of a medical team skilled in its diagnosis and treatment. […] Babies with total anomalous pulmonary venous return are not able to supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. […] A timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is needed to prevent the condition from becoming fatal. […] Treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery. […] After TAPVR surgery, infants will return to the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home after TAPVR surgery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgery will grow and develop normally.

• #48 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  Of patients with TAPVR, 58% were supracardiac, 19% were infracardiac, 13% were cardiac, and 10% were mixed type. Pulmonary venous obstruction was present in 10 patients (32%). While pulmonary hypertension crisis developed in eight patients (25%), low cardiac output was detected in six patients (19%). Rhythm problems were observed in 11 patients (35%). Pulmonary venous obstruction was more common in patients with infracardiac drainage TAPVR, low weight and small age. […] The mortality rate of TAPVR may decrease significantly with early diagnosis and effective, advanced, and suitable intensive care unit follow-up. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the pulmonary vein flows enter the systemic veins, right atrium, or coronary sinus instead of the left atrium, and it accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart pathologies. The signs and symptoms of TAPVR vary according to the sufficiency of the interatrial connection and the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). The severity of these symptoms range from mild (e.g., a murmur and tachypnea) to severe (e.g., cyanosis, metabolic acidosis, cardiac insufficiency, or low cardiac output). Surgery is the definitive treatment, and thanks to early, accurate diagnostic methods, improved surgical techniques, myocardial protection during surgery, and improved postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mortality rate has now been reduced to less than 10%.

• #49 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  TAPVC usually occurs as an isolated cardiac lesion, but it can also be associated with other congenital heart defects. The incidence of TAPVC is higher in patients who have heterotaxy with polysplenia or asplenia. […] In untreated patients, TAPVC is almost always fatal within the first few weeks of life. The long term survival in patients has increased with the improvement in medical management and surgical techniques. […] Postoperative complications can include pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, PVO, and failure to wean from the bypass. […] Pulmonary venous obstruction is an important cause of late mortality in patients with TAPVC and is the most common reason for reoperation.

• #50 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  We also found that six patients had low cardiac output. Four of these having PVO while five also had left ventricular hypoplasia. In addition, two of these patients required ECMO life support due to a continuous low cardiac output in spite of receiving intensive inotropic support and peritoneal dialysis. […] Our findings revealed that postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertensive crises, and arrhythmia can be prevented by advanced ICU monitorization, especially for patients without the need for mechanical ventilation, those without metabolic acidosis, those with TAPVR who also have left ventricular hypoplasia, and those who have PVO. Furthermore, early and effective treatment with NO drugs or ECMO support to counteract these complications could lead to an improvement in the morbidity and mortality rates of these patients.

• #51 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare lesion with the pulmonary veins commonly connecting to a venous confluence that ultimately drains to the desaturated atrial chamber. […] Long-term medical management results in poor survival, making surgical intervention necessary. […] Correction during the newborn period is associated with low mortality and excellent mid-term outcomes. […] Surgical repair for infants with less severe cases can be performed electively, but there is evidence to suggest that early repair may result in improved postoperative outcomes. […] Recurrent pulmonary venous stenosis is a vexing common postoperative morbidity, occurring in up to 25% of TAPVR patients. […] Overall, surgical outcomes for TAPVR have greatly improved, and patients with this condition appear to enjoy excellent long-term functional status today.

• #52 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  We also found that six patients had low cardiac output. Four of these having PVO while five also had left ventricular hypoplasia. In addition, two of these patients required ECMO life support due to a continuous low cardiac output in spite of receiving intensive inotropic support and peritoneal dialysis. […] Our findings revealed that postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertensive crises, and arrhythmia can be prevented by advanced ICU monitorization, especially for patients without the need for mechanical ventilation, those without metabolic acidosis, those with TAPVR who also have left ventricular hypoplasia, and those who have PVO. Furthermore, early and effective treatment with NO drugs or ECMO support to counteract these complications could lead to an improvement in the morbidity and mortality rates of these patients.

• #53 Anesthetic Management During Stenting of Obstructed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Return in a Neonate With Single Ventricle Anatomy | Hakim | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/2724/2078

  Prior to surgical or cardiac catheterization intervention, the goals of anesthetic management include effective ventilation with correction of hypoxemia and hypercarbia, control of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), correction of acid/base and electrolyte imbalances, and the maintenance of hemodynamic stability with inotropic support. […] Following these interventions, a balance must be achieved between treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and optimizing systemic cardiac output while maintaining adequate oxygen saturation. […] Given the complex nature of such patients, the key to a successful outcome is the close cooperation of a multi-disciplinary pediatric team including intensivists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons.

• #54 Surgery-related complications and their management in total anomalous pulmonary venous return during intensive care unit stay – Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  https://tgkdc.dergisi.org/text.php3?id=2188

  Of patients with TAPVR, 58% were supracardiac, 19% were infracardiac, 13% were cardiac, and 10% were mixed type. Pulmonary venous obstruction was present in 10 patients (32%). While pulmonary hypertension crisis developed in eight patients (25%), low cardiac output was detected in six patients (19%). Rhythm problems were observed in 11 patients (35%). Pulmonary venous obstruction was more common in patients with infracardiac drainage TAPVR, low weight and small age. […] The mortality rate of TAPVR may decrease significantly with early diagnosis and effective, advanced, and suitable intensive care unit follow-up. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the pulmonary vein flows enter the systemic veins, right atrium, or coronary sinus instead of the left atrium, and it accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart pathologies. The signs and symptoms of TAPVR vary according to the sufficiency of the interatrial connection and the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). The severity of these symptoms range from mild (e.g., a murmur and tachypnea) to severe (e.g., cyanosis, metabolic acidosis, cardiac insufficiency, or low cardiac output). Surgery is the definitive treatment, and thanks to early, accurate diagnostic methods, improved surgical techniques, myocardial protection during surgery, and improved postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mortality rate has now been reduced to less than 10%.

• #55 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Without surgery, some forms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return are typically fatal a few weeks after birth. With early diagnosis and surgical treatment, the outlook for babies with TAPVR is very good. The survival rate after surgery is around 97%. […] Your child will need regular visits with their cardiologist as they grow into adulthood. Lifelong follow-up visits can help cardiologists find problems like an irregular heartbeat or blockages (obstructions) in their blood vessels. An obstruction requires another surgery and may be hard to treat. […] After surgery, your baby will have checkups every six to 12 months. Theyll need regular follow-up appointments through adulthood. Your childs provider may want to order tests like an electrocardiogram, exercise stress test or echocardiogram.

• #56 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital (meaning it’s present from birth) heart disease that affects the pulmonary veins. […] In a child born with total anomalous which means abnormal pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins connect to other veins and ultimately drain their blood into the right atrium. […] Children with TAPVR also have other heart defects. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery in all cases. […] Because of enormous strides in medicine and technology, today most children born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return go on to lead productive lives as adults. […] Children who were born with TAPVR and had it repaired must continue to see a pediatric cardiologist regularly. […] It is important that children who were born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return continue to see a cardiologist.

• #57 Get TAPVR Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/tapvr-treatment

  Follow-up care for TAPVR means lifelong checkups. These regular follow up visits help your childs care team keep an eye out for other conditions and complications like narrowing of their pulmonary veins (pulmonary artery stenosis), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia), abnormal heart function or infections. […] When your baby is born with a serious heart condition like total anomalous pulmonary venous return, getting a diagnosis and treatment right away can be lifesaving.

• #58 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-tapvc

  Total de conexión venosa pulmonar anómala […] In TAPVC, the blood does not take the normal route from the lungs to the heart and out to the body. Instead, the veins from the lungs attach to the heart in abnormal positions and this problem means that oxygenated blood enters or leaks into the wrong chamber. […] This defect must be surgically repaired in early infancy. At the time of open-heart surgery, the pulmonary veins are reconnected to the left atrium and the atrial septal defect is closed. […] Children with repaired TAPVC may be advised to limit their physical activities to their own endurance. […] When surgical repair is done in early infancy, the long-term outlook is very good. However, your child will need regular follow-up with a pediatric cardiologist and, once your child reaches adulthood, lifelong regular follow-up with a cardiologist who’s had special training in congenital heart defects.

• #59 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Without surgery, some forms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return are typically fatal a few weeks after birth. With early diagnosis and surgical treatment, the outlook for babies with TAPVR is very good. The survival rate after surgery is around 97%. […] Your child will need regular visits with their cardiologist as they grow into adulthood. Lifelong follow-up visits can help cardiologists find problems like an irregular heartbeat or blockages (obstructions) in their blood vessels. An obstruction requires another surgery and may be hard to treat. […] After surgery, your baby will have checkups every six to 12 months. Theyll need regular follow-up appointments through adulthood. Your childs provider may want to order tests like an electrocardiogram, exercise stress test or echocardiogram.

• #60 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  TAPVC usually occurs as an isolated cardiac lesion, but it can also be associated with other congenital heart defects. The incidence of TAPVC is higher in patients who have heterotaxy with polysplenia or asplenia. […] In untreated patients, TAPVC is almost always fatal within the first few weeks of life. The long term survival in patients has increased with the improvement in medical management and surgical techniques. […] Postoperative complications can include pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, PVO, and failure to wean from the bypass. […] Pulmonary venous obstruction is an important cause of late mortality in patients with TAPVC and is the most common reason for reoperation.

• #61 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Memorial Hermann

  http://memorialhermann.org/ar-sa/services/conditions/pediatric-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Treatment of TAPVR is surgery, which consists of placing the patient on the heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass) and making the connection between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. […] Recovery from surgery is most closely related to the health of the lungs going into surgery. […] The pediatric cardiologist will monitor the child long-term and may prescribe medication to prevent an infection of the heart’s lining (endocarditis) or an odd heartbeat (arrhythmia).

• #62 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-tapvc

  Children with TAPVC are at increased risk for developing endocarditis. Ask your pediatric cardiologist about your child’s need to take antibiotics before certain dental procedures to help prevent endocarditis. […] Patients with a history of TAPVC should be seen periodically by a cardiologist with expertise in adult congenital heart disease to look for uncommon problems. […] Most adults with repaired TAPVC will not need to limit their physical activities to their own endurance. Some competitive sports may have greater risk if there is leftover obstruction in the pulmonary veins, or if the patient has heart rhythm problems. Your cardiologist will help determine the proper level of activity for you.

• #63 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Memorial Hermann

  http://memorialhermann.org/ar-sa/services/conditions/pediatric-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Treatment of TAPVR is surgery, which consists of placing the patient on the heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass) and making the connection between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. […] Recovery from surgery is most closely related to the health of the lungs going into surgery. […] The pediatric cardiologist will monitor the child long-term and may prescribe medication to prevent an infection of the heart’s lining (endocarditis) or an odd heartbeat (arrhythmia).

• #64 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr-90-P01820

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. This condition causes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body. Your child can’t live with TAPVR long-term. He or she needs oxygen-rich blood all over the body. All children with a TAPVR will need to have surgery to fix it. Your baby may need to go into the intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment. Many children with TAPVR will grow and develop normally after they have surgery. Your child will need to see a heart doctor for regular checkups for the rest of their life. […] Your child’s healthcare team will give you instructions about special treatments or medicines your child needs before your child leaves the hospital. Your child may also need the following care: As children grow, they may need more heart repair procedures. Your child’s heart doctor may give your child antibiotics before surgeries or dental procedures. This is to prevent infections. But this often isn’t needed. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider if: Your child’s skin, lips, or fingernails become blue. Your child has trouble breathing or feeding.

• #65 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous return is suspected by chest x-ray and established by echocardiography. […] Neonates with total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction require emergent surgical repair. […] Surgical repair consists of creating a wide anastomosis between the pulmonary venous confluence and the posterior wall of the left atrium. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended preoperatively but is required only for the first 6 months after repair unless there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch or prosthetic material.

• #66 Understanding Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

  https://lagans.org.uk/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venus-return/

  Regular follow-up appointments with your child’s cardiologist are essential for spotting these problems early on. […] Your child may also need the following care as they grow: More surgeries and cardiac catheterisation, Antibiotics before other surgeries or dental procedures to prevent infections. […] At Lagans Foundation, we provide respite care and short break services for children with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return and their families.

• #67 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare lesion with the pulmonary veins commonly connecting to a venous confluence that ultimately drains to the desaturated atrial chamber. […] Long-term medical management results in poor survival, making surgical intervention necessary. […] Correction during the newborn period is associated with low mortality and excellent mid-term outcomes. […] Surgical repair for infants with less severe cases can be performed electively, but there is evidence to suggest that early repair may result in improved postoperative outcomes. […] Recurrent pulmonary venous stenosis is a vexing common postoperative morbidity, occurring in up to 25% of TAPVR patients. […] Overall, surgical outcomes for TAPVR have greatly improved, and patients with this condition appear to enjoy excellent long-term functional status today.

• #68 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Without surgery, some forms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return are typically fatal a few weeks after birth. With early diagnosis and surgical treatment, the outlook for babies with TAPVR is very good. The survival rate after surgery is around 97%. […] Your child will need regular visits with their cardiologist as they grow into adulthood. Lifelong follow-up visits can help cardiologists find problems like an irregular heartbeat or blockages (obstructions) in their blood vessels. An obstruction requires another surgery and may be hard to treat. […] After surgery, your baby will have checkups every six to 12 months. Theyll need regular follow-up appointments through adulthood. Your childs provider may want to order tests like an electrocardiogram, exercise stress test or echocardiogram.

• #69 TAPVR | Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a defect that needs surgery to fix. The timing of the surgical repair varies depending on the type of TAPVR present. The condition of the child is considered as well. […] Surgery is done right away for newborns with obstructed TAPVR. Some of these children will need extracorporeal life support (ECMO) prior to surgery because of their blood flow instability. […] The surgical repair connects all of the veins to the back of the left atrium. This leads to a normal connection of pulmonary veins to left atrium. All other routes for pulmonary venous drainage are tied off. […] The outcome of surgical repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous return is excellent. The surgical mortality is less than 5% when repair is performed electively. […] The long-term outcome after surgical repair of TAPV is also excellent. Because the surgical repair results in a normal circulation, these children are expected to grow and develop normally.

• #70

  https://scholars.duke.edu/individual/pub1369639

  Anomalous pulmonary venous return is a relatively rare congenital cardiac malformation in which the pulmonary veins do not return to the left atrium. If all four pulmonary veins drain anomalously, the designation of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is applied; if only one to three pulmonary veins drain anomalously, the designation of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is applied. TAPVR is classified into supracardiac, infracardiac, cardiac, and mixed types according to the location of the anomalous drainage. The prognosis of patients with TAPVR depends on the degree of pulmonary venous obstruction and associated defects. TAPVR generally requires neonatal surgical correction. Early and late mortality for simple TAPVR is 10 % and 4 %, respectively. Patients with TAPVR and pulmonary venous obstruction have a higher early and late mortality (17 % and 11 %, respectively) than unobstructed patients (4 % and 6 %, respectively). TAPVR associated with other cardiac anomalies (other than an ASD or PDA) have worse early and late mortality (14 % and 18 %, respectively). […] The management of pulmonary vein obstruction continues to be the largest obstacle to successful management of anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #71

  https://scholars.duke.edu/individual/pub1369639

  Anomalous pulmonary venous return is a relatively rare congenital cardiac malformation in which the pulmonary veins do not return to the left atrium. If all four pulmonary veins drain anomalously, the designation of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is applied; if only one to three pulmonary veins drain anomalously, the designation of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is applied. TAPVR is classified into supracardiac, infracardiac, cardiac, and mixed types according to the location of the anomalous drainage. The prognosis of patients with TAPVR depends on the degree of pulmonary venous obstruction and associated defects. TAPVR generally requires neonatal surgical correction. Early and late mortality for simple TAPVR is 10 % and 4 %, respectively. Patients with TAPVR and pulmonary venous obstruction have a higher early and late mortality (17 % and 11 %, respectively) than unobstructed patients (4 % and 6 %, respectively). TAPVR associated with other cardiac anomalies (other than an ASD or PDA) have worse early and late mortality (14 % and 18 %, respectively). […] The management of pulmonary vein obstruction continues to be the largest obstacle to successful management of anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #72 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return occurs equally in boys and in girls. […] Babies with this heart defect cannot supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. Without an additional heart defect that allows mixing of oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood, such as an atrial septal defect, infants with TAPVR will have a mixture of oxygen-rich (red) and oxygen-poor (blue) blood circulating through the right heart and back to the lungs a situation that is fatal. […] Another problem that occurs with TAPVR is that too much blood flows through the blood vessels in the lungs, since the pulmonary veins add extra blood back in to the circulation on the right side of the heart. The lungs become stressed by this extra blood flow and can eventually become damaged from it. […] Specific treatment for TAPVR will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s age, overall health and medical history, extent of the disease, your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies, expectations for the course of the disease, your opinion or preference.

• #73 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital (meaning it’s present from birth) heart disease that affects the pulmonary veins. […] In a child born with total anomalous which means abnormal pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins connect to other veins and ultimately drain their blood into the right atrium. […] Children with TAPVR also have other heart defects. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery in all cases. […] Because of enormous strides in medicine and technology, today most children born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return go on to lead productive lives as adults. […] Children who were born with TAPVR and had it repaired must continue to see a pediatric cardiologist regularly. […] It is important that children who were born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return continue to see a cardiologist.

• #74 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/t/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return.html

  Your child will likely stay in the hospital until TAPVR is repaired. Your childs healthcare team will give you directions about special treatments or medicines your child needs before your child leaves the hospital. […] Many children with TAPVR will grow and develop normally after they have surgery. Talk with your child’s cardiologist about how much and what kinds of physical activity your child can safely do. Your child will still need to see a heart doctor for regular checkups for the rest of their life. Your childs follow-up care should be at a center that specializes in congenital heart defects.

• #75 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Returns | TAPVR | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] TAPVR is a serious and complicated condition that requires the attention of a medical team skilled in its diagnosis and treatment. […] Babies with total anomalous pulmonary venous return are not able to supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. […] A timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is needed to prevent the condition from becoming fatal. […] Treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery. […] After TAPVR surgery, infants will return to the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home after TAPVR surgery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgery will grow and develop normally.

• #76 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-tapvc

  Total de conexión venosa pulmonar anómala […] In TAPVC, the blood does not take the normal route from the lungs to the heart and out to the body. Instead, the veins from the lungs attach to the heart in abnormal positions and this problem means that oxygenated blood enters or leaks into the wrong chamber. […] This defect must be surgically repaired in early infancy. At the time of open-heart surgery, the pulmonary veins are reconnected to the left atrium and the atrial septal defect is closed. […] Children with repaired TAPVC may be advised to limit their physical activities to their own endurance. […] When surgical repair is done in early infancy, the long-term outlook is very good. However, your child will need regular follow-up with a pediatric cardiologist and, once your child reaches adulthood, lifelong regular follow-up with a cardiologist who’s had special training in congenital heart defects.

• #77 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the 4 veins that take blood from the lungs to the heart do not attach normally to the left atrium (left upper chamber of the heart). Instead, they attach to another blood vessel or the wrong part of the heart. It is present at birth (congenital heart disease). […] Surgery to repair the problem is needed as soon as possible. In surgery, the pulmonary veins are connected to the left atrium and the defect between the right and left atrium is closed. […] If this condition is not treated, the heart will get larger, leading to heart failure. Repairing the defect early provides excellent results if there is no blockage of the pulmonary veins at the new connection into the heart. Infants who have obstructed veins have worsened survival. […] Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of TAPVR. Prompt attention is required.

• #78 Partners in Care | Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return treatment…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Your care team will include pediatric cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, interventional cardiologists, critical care specialists, hospitalists, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, nurses, advanced practice providers, social workers, psychologists, child life specialists, dietitians, physical and occupational therapists, pharmacists, and more, who work together to provide unparalleled care for patients every step of the way. […] We are committed to communicating and coordinating your childs care with referring physicians and other partners in the community to ensure that we are providing comprehensive, whole-person care.

• #79 Anesthetic Management During Stenting of Obstructed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Return in a Neonate With Single Ventricle Anatomy | Hakim | Journal of Medical Cases

  https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/2724/2078

  Prior to surgical or cardiac catheterization intervention, the goals of anesthetic management include effective ventilation with correction of hypoxemia and hypercarbia, control of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), correction of acid/base and electrolyte imbalances, and the maintenance of hemodynamic stability with inotropic support. […] Following these interventions, a balance must be achieved between treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and optimizing systemic cardiac output while maintaining adequate oxygen saturation. […] Given the complex nature of such patients, the key to a successful outcome is the close cooperation of a multi-disciplinary pediatric team including intensivists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons.

• #80 TAPVR | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a critical birth defect of the heart in which the pulmonary veins don’t connect to the left atrium like usual. Instead, these blood vessels go back to the heart by way of an abnormal (anomalous) connection. To survive after birth with this heart defect, babies with TAPVR must have a hole between the top chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect). This hole allows oxygenated blood to get to the left side of the heart and pumped out to the rest of the body. […] Delivery in our state-of-the-art facility is recommended for high-risk deliveries. This way, you and your child will have access to neonatal intensive care, pediatric cardiology and pediatric cardiothoracic surgery services. Babies with TAPVR require surgical correction frequently in the newborn period.

• #81 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Babies with less severe TAPVR usually have surgery in the days or weeks after they’re diagnosed. The goal of surgery for TAPVR is to restore normal connections of the pulmonary veins to the heart, alleviate any obstructions or narrowing of the pulmonary veins, to tie up any vessels that have developed and to close the atrial septal defect (ASD). […] Our team in the Boston Children’s Department of Cardiac Surgery treat some of the most complex pediatric heart conditions in the world. Our specialized clinicians can often diagnose this condition during fetal echocardiogram. Our cardiac surgeons have vast experience in repairing this defect, and work with nurses and doctors who are focused on providing expert care after surgery.

• #82 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385613

  The type of TAPVR depends on where the veins connect. Most children born with TAPVR have no family history of congenital heart disease. […] Symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in babies may include trouble breathing, poor feeding and a weak pulse. The baby’s skin may look gray or blue due to low oxygen levels. This is called cyanosis. Depending on skin color, these changes may be easier or harder to see. […] Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed before or soon after a child is born. If you think that your baby has symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is treated with surgery. The surgery usually is done when a child is a baby. The timing of surgery depends on whether there’s a blockage. To repair the heart, surgeons connect the pulmonary veins to the left upper heart chamber. They also close the hole between the upper heart chambers. […] A person with TAPVR needs regular health checkups for life to check for infection, blockages or irregular heartbeats. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases should provide care. This type of healthcare professional is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #83 Expert Care: TAPVR Surgery | UVA Health Children’s

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/heart/chd/tapvr-treatment

  Your child will need TAPVR treatment. […] TAPVR means the veins that bring oxygen-filled blood from your babys lungs to the heart are not connected correctly. […] Your baby will need open-heart surgery. […] Your child might need surgery weeks or months after they are born. […] During a single surgical procedure, we will restore normal blood flow through your childs heart. […] Your child will recover in a private room in a special area of our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). […] Once we repair your childs heart defect, you can look forward to your child having a normal active childhood, even playing sports. […] As a patient at UVA Health Children’s, you’ll find pediatric care enhanced by heart expertise focused on your child’s individual history. […] When they become an adult, they can easily transition to our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic.

• #84 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-tapvc

  Children with TAPVC are at increased risk for developing endocarditis. Ask your pediatric cardiologist about your child’s need to take antibiotics before certain dental procedures to help prevent endocarditis. […] Patients with a history of TAPVC should be seen periodically by a cardiologist with expertise in adult congenital heart disease to look for uncommon problems. […] Most adults with repaired TAPVC will not need to limit their physical activities to their own endurance. Some competitive sports may have greater risk if there is leftover obstruction in the pulmonary veins, or if the patient has heart rhythm problems. Your cardiologist will help determine the proper level of activity for you.

• #85 Pediatric Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Your child may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or special care nursery once symptoms are noted. Initially, your child may be placed on oxygen and possibly even on a ventilator to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgical repair will grow and develop normally. However, after TAPVR repair, your infant will need to be followed periodically by a pediatric cardiologist who will make assessments to check for any heart-related problems. […] Regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital cardiac care should continue throughout the individuals lifespan.

• #86 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

  https://www.nemours.org/services/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return.html

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (or TAPVR) is a rare, congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] If your baby has TAPVR, our board-certified, fellowship-trained pediatric cardiologists and heart surgeons are here to answer your questions, ease your concerns, and provide the latest treatment options. […] We offer TAPVC and TAPVR care at Nemours Childrens Hospital, Delaware (Wilmington, Del.) and select Nemours Children’s Health locations. […] We offer TAPVC and TAPVR care at Nemours Childrens Hospital, Florida (Orlando) and select Nemours locations. […] We offer TAPVC and TAPVR care at Nemours Childrens Health, Pensacola and our hospital affiliate, West Florida Healthcare, with outpatient and follow-up appointments also available at select Nemours locations.

• #87 Understanding Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

  https://lagans.org.uk/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venus-return/

  Regular follow-up appointments with your child’s cardiologist are essential for spotting these problems early on. […] Your child may also need the following care as they grow: More surgeries and cardiac catheterisation, Antibiotics before other surgeries or dental procedures to prevent infections. […] At Lagans Foundation, we provide respite care and short break services for children with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return and their families.

• #88 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Nationwide Children’s

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a heart problem where veins connect to the wrong place. It needs surgery to fix. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a condition where the blood vessels in the lungs, called the pulmonary veins, are not attached to the heart in the right place. […] All children born with TAPVR will need surgery to connect the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and close the atrial septal defect. This lets blood flow through the heart and lungs the right way. […] If you are carrying a baby with a heart defect, you will still get care from your pregnancy doctor (obstetrician). […] After surgery, your baby will go to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU). […] Your medical team will help you decide on the safest feeding approach. […] Your hospital stay after birth may be a couple of days or as long as weeks to months. […] Your cardiologist will follow up with your baby’s heart needs even after they are discharged from the hospital.

• #89 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr-90-P01820

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. This condition causes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body. Your child can’t live with TAPVR long-term. He or she needs oxygen-rich blood all over the body. All children with a TAPVR will need to have surgery to fix it. Your baby may need to go into the intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment. Many children with TAPVR will grow and develop normally after they have surgery. Your child will need to see a heart doctor for regular checkups for the rest of their life. […] Your child’s healthcare team will give you instructions about special treatments or medicines your child needs before your child leaves the hospital. Your child may also need the following care: As children grow, they may need more heart repair procedures. Your child’s heart doctor may give your child antibiotics before surgeries or dental procedures. This is to prevent infections. But this often isn’t needed. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider if: Your child’s skin, lips, or fingernails become blue. Your child has trouble breathing or feeding.

• #90 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23069-total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is an issue where veins from your babys lungs connect to the right side of their heart instead of the left. Blood with and without oxygen mixes, which keeps their body from getting enough oxygen. This is a rare, life-threatening congenital heart issue that affects newborns. […] Babies who have TAPVR need an operation. With early surgery, most children with TAPVR survive into adulthood. But some will need repeat surgery or procedures to treat narrowing in their veins later in life. Because of this, people with TAPVR need to see a cardiologist (a heart expert) regularly to monitor their health following surgery. […] Nearly every baby with total anomalous pulmonary venous return needs surgery to survive. Healthcare providers treat TAPVR with open-heart surgery. Most often, providers perform this surgery as soon as they can after diagnosing the condition.

• #91 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital (meaning it’s present from birth) heart disease that affects the pulmonary veins. […] In a child born with total anomalous which means abnormal pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins connect to other veins and ultimately drain their blood into the right atrium. […] Children with TAPVR also have other heart defects. […] Total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery in all cases. […] Because of enormous strides in medicine and technology, today most children born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return go on to lead productive lives as adults. […] Children who were born with TAPVR and had it repaired must continue to see a pediatric cardiologist regularly. […] It is important that children who were born with total anomalous pulmonary venous return continue to see a cardiologist.

• #92 About Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/tapvr.html

  The goal of surgical repair of TAPVR is to restore normal blood flow through the heart. […] Surgical repairs for TAPVR are not a cure. People living with TAPVR may have lifelong complications. Routine checkups with a heart doctor are needed to monitor progress, avoid complications, and check for other health conditions that might develop over time.

• #93 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a heart disease in which the 4 veins that take blood from the lungs to the heart do not attach normally to the left atrium (left upper chamber of the heart). Instead, they attach to another blood vessel or the wrong part of the heart. It is present at birth (congenital heart disease). […] Surgery to repair the problem is needed as soon as possible. In surgery, the pulmonary veins are connected to the left atrium and the defect between the right and left atrium is closed. […] If this condition is not treated, the heart will get larger, leading to heart failure. Repairing the defect early provides excellent results if there is no blockage of the pulmonary veins at the new connection into the heart. Infants who have obstructed veins have worsened survival. […] Contact your health care provider if you notice symptoms of TAPVR. Prompt attention is required.

• #94 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Returns | TAPVR | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] TAPVR is a serious and complicated condition that requires the attention of a medical team skilled in its diagnosis and treatment. […] Babies with total anomalous pulmonary venous return are not able to supply oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body after birth. […] A timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is needed to prevent the condition from becoming fatal. […] Treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous return requires open heart surgery. […] After TAPVR surgery, infants will return to the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home after TAPVR surgery. […] Many infants who have had TAPVR surgery will grow and develop normally.

• #95 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/t/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return.html

  Your child will likely stay in the hospital until TAPVR is repaired. Your childs healthcare team will give you directions about special treatments or medicines your child needs before your child leaves the hospital. […] Many children with TAPVR will grow and develop normally after they have surgery. Talk with your child’s cardiologist about how much and what kinds of physical activity your child can safely do. Your child will still need to see a heart doctor for regular checkups for the rest of their life. Your childs follow-up care should be at a center that specializes in congenital heart defects.

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