Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona – Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona (Binge Eating Disorder, BED) to najczęstsze zaburzenie odżywiania, charakteryzujące się nawracającymi epizodami objadania się co najmniej raz w tygodniu przez minimum 3 miesiące, bez stosowania kompensacyjnych zachowań. Epizody te obejmują spożycie znacznie większej ilości pokarmu niż przeciętnie, utratę kontroli nad jedzeniem oraz towarzyszący im dystres psychiczny. BED dotyka około 3% populacji, częściej kobiety (ponad 60%), ale znacząco również mężczyzn. Zaburzenie to wiąże się z ryzykiem rozwoju nadwagi lub otyłości oraz powikłań somatycznych, takich jak cukrzyca typu 2, nadciśnienie tętnicze, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, stłuszczenie wątroby i bezdech senny. Diagnostyka opiera się na kryteriach DSM-5-TR oraz narzędziach przesiewowych (np. SCOFF, EDE-Q), a wyzwaniem jest często prawidłowy wskaźnik BMI u pacjentów, co może maskować zaburzenie.

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona – charakterystyka

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona (Binge Eating Disorder, BED) to najczęściej występujące zaburzenie odżywiania w Stanach Zjednoczonych i na świecie. Charakteryzuje się nawracającymi epizodami objadania się, podczas których pacjent spożywa znacznie większe ilości pożywienia niż większość ludzi zjadłaby w podobnym czasie i okolicznościach, oraz towarzyszy temu poczucie utraty kontroli nad jedzeniem¹². W przeciwieństwie do bulimii nerwicowej, osoby z BED nie stosują zachowań kompensacyjnych, takich jak wywoływanie wymiotów, nadmierne ćwiczenia fizyczne czy używanie środków przeczyszczających w celu przeciwdziałania przyrostowi masy ciała³.

Aby zdiagnozować BED, epizody objadania się muszą występować średnio co najmniej raz w tygodniu przez okres trzech miesięcy, a pacjent musi doświadczać znacznego dystresu związanego z tymi zachowaniami⁴. Epizody objadania się charakteryzują się spożywaniem pokarmów znacznie szybciej niż normalnie, jedzeniem aż do uczucia nieprzyjemnej pełności, spożywaniem dużych ilości pożywienia mimo braku fizycznego uczucia głodu, jedzeniem w samotności z powodu wstydu oraz odczuwaniem wstrętu do siebie, depresji lub silnego poczucia winy po epizodzie⁵.

Epidemiologia i wpływ na zdrowie

BED dotyka około 3% populacji, co czyni je najczęstszym zaburzeniem odżywiania⁶. Choć zaburzenie to częściej występuje u kobiet (ponad 60% pacjentów), to w porównaniu z innymi zaburzeniami odżywiania, BED w znaczącym stopniu dotyczy również mężczyzn⁷⁸. Zaburzenie to może pojawić się w każdym wieku, jednak najczęściej rozwija się u młodych kobiet i osób w średnim wieku, średnio we wczesnych lub połowie dwudziestych lat życia⁹.

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona często prowadzi do nadwagi lub otyłości, co zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju chorób towarzyszących, takich jak¹⁰:

Cukrzyca typu 2
Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe
Nadciśnienie tętnicze
Wysoki poziom cholesterolu i trójglicerydów
Stłuszczenie wątroby
Bezdech senny

Warto podkreślić, że osoby z BED są obciążone większym ryzykiem problemów zdrowotnych niż osoby z samą otyłością, ponieważ samo zaburzenie odżywiania zwiększa ryzyko chorób współistniejących¹¹.

Przyczyny i czynniki ryzyka

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona jest złożonym zaburzeniem, na którego rozwój wpływa wiele czynników, w tym¹²:

Czynniki biologiczne – zaburzenia regulacji hormonów kontrolujących apetyt, takich jak grelina i leptyna¹³
Czynniki psychologiczne – niska samoocena, trudności w radzeniu sobie z emocjami, depresja, lęk
Czynniki społeczne – presja związana z wyglądem, idealizacja szczupłej sylwetki
Historia stosowania diet – osoby często stosujące diety są 12 razy bardziej narażone na rozwój BED¹⁴

Ważnymi czynnikami ryzyka są również negatywne doświadczenia życiowe, w tym doświadczenia traumatyczne, a także występowanie zaburzeń psychicznych w rodzinie¹⁵. U osób cierpiących na BED często obserwuje się współwystępowanie innych zaburzeń psychicznych, w tym depresji, zaburzeń lękowych oraz uzależnień¹⁶.

Mechanizm epizodów objadania się

Osoby z BED często wpadają w błędne koło objadania się i restrykcji żywieniowych. Epizody objadania się mogą być wyzwalane przez stresory interpersonalne, negatywne emocje związane z obrazem ciała oraz nudę¹⁷. Z czasem, po wielokrotnych epizodach objadania się, mogą one być poprzedzane przez negatywny afekt, co prowadzi do uogólnienia się wzorca niekontrolowanego przejadania¹⁸.

Objadanie się może krótkotrwale łagodzić negatywny nastrój, jednak po epizodzie negatywne emocje często powracają ze zwiększoną intensywnością, co prowadzi do wzmocnienia zachowań poprzez negatywne wzmocnienie¹⁹. Niższa samoocena i nadmierna troska o kształt i wagę ciała przyczyniają się do internalizacji uprzedzeń związanych z wagą wśród pacjentów z BED²⁰.

Diagnostyka bulimii nerwicowej nieograniczonej

Diagnostyka BED może być wyzwaniem, ponieważ ocena obiektywnie dużej ilości spożywanego pokarmu nie jest całkowicie ilościowa, lecz wymaga oceny klinicznej samoopisu pacjenta, co niesie ze sobą ryzyko błędu wykrywania²¹. Wiele osób z BED początkowo szuka pomocy u lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, który może zaoferować ograniczony zakres opcji leczenia lub skierować pacjenta do specjalistów²².

Zgodnie z kryteriami diagnostycznymi DSM-5-TR, aby rozpoznać BED, muszą wystąpić następujące objawy²³²⁴:

Nawracające epizody objadania się charakteryzujące się:
- Spożywaniem w określonym czasie (np. w ciągu 2 godzin) ilości pożywienia znacznie większej niż większość ludzi zjadłaby w podobnych okolicznościach
- Poczuciem utraty kontroli nad jedzeniem podczas epizodu
Epizody objadania się związane są z co najmniej trzema z następujących cech:
- Jedzenie znacznie szybciej niż normalnie
- Jedzenie aż do uczucia nieprzyjemnej pełności
- Spożywanie dużych ilości pożywienia mimo braku fizycznego uczucia głodu
- Jedzenie w samotności z powodu wstydu związanego z ilością spożywanego pokarmu
- Odczuwanie wstrętu do siebie, depresji lub silnego poczucia winy po epizodzie
Wyraźny dystres związany z objadaniem się
Epizody objadania się występują średnio co najmniej raz w tygodniu przez 3 miesiące
Objadanie się nie jest związane z regularnym stosowaniem niewłaściwych zachowań kompensacyjnych (jak w bulimii) i nie występuje wyłącznie w przebiegu bulimii lub anoreksji

Do oceny pacjentów z podejrzeniem BED zaleca się użycie walidowanych narzędzi przesiewowych, takich jak kwestionariusz SCOFF czy Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)²⁵²⁶. Badanie fizyczne powinno obejmować pomiar parametrów życiowych, wzrostu i masy ciała²⁷.

Wyzwania diagnostyczne

Lekarze podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej mogą napotykać trudności w identyfikacji BED z kilku powodów²⁸:

Niektórzy pacjenci z BED mogą mieć prawidłowy wskaźnik BMI, co może prowadzić do błędnego założenia, że nie mają zaburzeń odżywiania
Brak wiedzy na temat dostępnych opcji leczenia
Niedocenianie wpływu BED na stan zdrowia fizycznego

Warto podkreślić, że wczesne wykrycie i interwencja mogą zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo wyzdrowienia²⁹. Dlatego ważne jest, aby lekarze podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej rutynowo pytali pacjentów o ich nawyki żywieniowe, zwłaszcza w grupach wysokiego ryzyka, takich jak osoby z cukrzycą, próbujące schudnąć lub przyjmujące leki psychotropowe³⁰.

Leczenie bulimii nerwicowej nieograniczonej

Leczenie BED wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, obejmującego interwencje psychologiczne, farmakologiczne, żywieniowe oraz wsparcie społeczne³¹. Podstawowym celem leczenia jest redukcja częstotliwości epizodów objadania się i związanego z nimi dystresu, a nie samo zmniejszenie masy ciała³²³³.

Psychoterapia

Psychoterapia stanowi podstawę leczenia BED. Najskuteczniejsze metody obejmują³⁴³⁵:

Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (CBT) – pomaga pacjentom identyfikować i zmieniać negatywne myśli i zachowania związane z jedzeniem. Jest uważana za terapię pierwszego wyboru w leczeniu BED³⁶.
Terapia interpersonalna (IPT) – koncentruje się na poprawie relacji interpersonalnych i komunikacji, co może zmniejszyć stres emocjonalny prowadzący do objadania się³⁷.
Dialektyczna terapia behawioralna (DBT) – pomaga pacjentom w regulacji emocji i redukcji autodestrukcyjnych zachowań³⁸.
Programy samopomocowe pod kierunkiem specjalisty – mogą być skutecznym pierwszym krokiem w podejściu etapowym do leczenia BED³⁹.

Badania wykazują, że pacjenci, u których występuje szybkie zmniejszenie zachowań związanych z objadaniem się (np. o dwie trzecie) w pierwszym miesiącu leczenia, mają większe szanse na trwałą remisję, niezależnie od modalności leczenia⁴⁰.

Farmakoterapia

Leki mogą być stosowane jako uzupełnienie psychoterapii lub jako leczenie pierwszego rzutu u pacjentów, którzy nie mają dostępu do psychoterapii, odmawiają jej lub preferują leki⁴¹. Do najczęściej stosowanych leków należą:

Lisdeksamfetamina (Vyvanse) – jest to jedyny lek zatwierdzony przez FDA specyficznie do leczenia umiarkowanego i ciężkiego BED u dorosłych⁴²⁴³.
Selektywne inhibitory wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny (SSRI) – takie jak fluoksetyna (Prozac), sertralina (Zoloft) czy citalopram (Celexa), mogą zmniejszać częstotliwość epizodów objadania się⁴⁴.
Leki przeciwdrgawkowe – szczególnie topiramat (Topamax), mogą zmniejszać częstotliwość objadania się i prowadzić do stabilizacji lub utraty masy ciała⁴⁵.
Stymulanty – mogą być przepisywane pacjentom z BED, choć ich stosowanie wymaga ostrożności⁴⁶.

Warto zauważyć, że dodanie leków przeciwdepresyjnych (np. fluoksetyny) do CBT nie wydaje się zwiększać skuteczności CBT w redukcji epizodów objadania się⁴⁷.

Poradnictwo żywieniowe

Poradnictwo żywieniowe stanowi istotny element leczenia BED⁴⁸. Obejmuje ono:

Opracowanie strukturalnych planów posiłków
Edukację na temat zdrowych nawyków żywieniowych
Cele związane z zarządzaniem masą ciała
Normalizację wzorców jedzenia

Celem interwencji żywieniowych jest promocja zrównoważonego i zdrowego podejścia do jedzenia, a nie restrykcyjne diety, które mogą nasilać cykl objadania się⁴⁹. W przypadku pacjentów z BED i otyłością, którzy nie reagują na psychoterapię, zaleca się terapię behawioralną ukierunkowaną na utratę masy ciała⁵⁰.

Poziomy opieki

W zależności od nasilenia objawów i potrzeb pacjenta, leczenie BED może odbywać się na różnych poziomach opieki⁵¹:

Opieka ambulatoryjna – najbardziej powszechna forma leczenia, obejmująca regularne wizyty u specjalistów
Intensywna opieka ambulatoryjna (IOP) – zapewnia bardziej strukturyzowane wsparcie, ale pozwala pacjentom na kontynuowanie codziennych aktywności
Częściowa hospitalizacja (PHP) – oferuje bardziej intensywne leczenie w ciągu dnia, ale pacjenci wracają do domu na noc
Leczenie stacjonarne – może być konieczne w przypadku pacjentów wymagających stabilizacji medycznej lub psychiatrycznej, rehabilitacji żywieniowej i/lub bardziej intensywnego leczenia i wsparcia⁵²

Programy leczenia stacjonarnego łączą zakwaterowanie i usługi lecznicze, zapewniając wielodyscyplinarne podejście do leczenia zaburzeń odżywiania⁵³.

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z BED

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z BED, począwszy od identyfikacji zaburzenia, poprzez realizację planu opieki, aż po edukację zdrowotną i monitorowanie postępów⁵⁴.

Ocena stanu pacjenta

Pierwszym krokiem w opiece pielęgniarskiej jest dokładna ocena stanu pacjenta, która powinna obejmować⁵⁵:

Dokumentację częstotliwości i okoliczności epizodów objadania się
Ocenę stanu fizycznego, w tym pomiary parametrów życiowych, wzrostu i masy ciała
Ocenę stanu psychicznego, w tym obecności objawów depresji, lęku lub niskiej samooceny
Identyfikację wyzwalaczy objadania się i towarzyszących emocji

Pielęgniarki powinny być świadome, że osoby z zaburzeniami odżywiania mogą wydawać się zdrowe, nawet gdy są poważnie chore, dlatego ważne jest nawiązanie terapeutycznej relacji pielęgniarka-pacjent i empatia wobec uczuć niskiej samooceny i braku kontroli nad jedzeniem⁵⁶.

Interwencje pielęgniarskie

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentami z BED można podzielić na kategorie zgodnie ze standardami American Psychiatric Nursing Association (APNA)⁵⁷:

Koordynacja opieki – pielęgniarki współpracują z wielodyscyplinarnym zespołem, w tym z lekarzami, psychologami, dietetykami i pracownikami socjalnymi, aby zapewnić kompleksową opiekę⁵⁸.
Edukacja zdrowotna i promocja zdrowia – obejmuje zachęcanie pacjenta do prowadzenia dziennika żywieniowego, ustalenie realistycznych celów dotyczących masy ciała oraz kierowanie do grup wsparcia⁵⁹.
Terapie farmakologiczne, biologiczne i integracyjne – monitorowanie stosowania leków, efektów ubocznych oraz edukacja pacjenta na temat farmakoterapii⁶⁰.
Terapia środowiskowa – środowisko oddziału specjalizującego się w leczeniu zaburzeń odżywiania jest celowo zorganizowane, aby pomóc pacjentowi w ustanowieniu zdrowych wzorców jedzenia i normalizacji odżywiania⁶¹.
Relacja terapeutyczna i doradztwo – nawiązanie relacji terapeutycznej jest pierwszym priorytetem, a pielęgniarki powinny słuchać aktywnie, być empatyczne i stosować pozytywne wzmocnienie⁶².

Ważnym aspektem opieki pielęgniarskiej jest monitorowanie stanu odżywienia, równowagi elektrolitowej, masy ciała i aktywności fizycznej⁶³. Pielęgniarki powinny również obserwować pacjenta pod kątem stosowania środków moczopędnych lub przeczyszczających, które mogą być nadużywane przez osoby z zaburzeniami odżywiania⁶⁴.

Wsparcie emocjonalne i edukacja

Pacjenci z BED potrzebują wsparcia emocjonalnego, ponieważ zmagają się z głębokim bólem i traumatycznymi myślami⁶⁵. Pielęgniarki mogą zdobyć zaufanie poprzez:

Aktywne słuchanie
Empatię
Pozytywne wzmocnienie
Otwartą, szczerą komunikację
Nieoceaniające podejście

Edukacja pacjenta i jego rodziny jest istotnym elementem procesu zdrowienia⁶⁶. Pielęgniarki powinny przekazywać informacje na temat choroby, leczenia i planowania posiłków, a także pomagać w odbudowywaniu relacji rodzinnych, które często są nadwyrężone przez zaburzenia odżywiania⁶⁷.

Cele opieki pielęgniarskiej

Głównymi celami opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z BED są⁶⁸:

Ustanowienie wraz z pacjentem zindywidualizowanych celów leczenia
Poprawa świadomości pacjenta na temat jego zachowań żywieniowych
Praktykowanie zdrowych technik radzenia sobie z emocjami
Rozwój pozytywnego obrazu ciała i poczucia własnej wartości
Monitorowanie bezpieczeństwa pacjenta, zwłaszcza pod kątem myśli samobójczych, które często towarzyszą zaburzeniom odżywiania
Zapewnienie edukacji pacjentowi i jego rodzinie na temat choroby, leczenia i dostępnych zasobów wsparcia

Pielęgniarki powinny również pomagać pacjentom i ich rodzinom w podejmowaniu świadomych decyzji i zmniejszaniu stresu i lęku związanego z leczeniem⁶⁹.

Kompleksowe podejście do leczenia

Skuteczne leczenie BED wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, które uwzględnia biologiczne, psychologiczne i społeczne aspekty zaburzenia⁷⁰. Idealny zespół terapeutyczny powinien składać się z⁷¹:

Lekarza prowadzącego (często lekarz podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej lub psychiatra)
Psychoterapeuty specjalizującego się w leczeniu zaburzeń odżywiania
Dietetyka z doświadczeniem w leczeniu zaburzeń odżywiania
Pielęgniarki psychiatrycznej

Leczenie powinno być dostosowane do indywidualnych potrzeb pacjenta i może obejmować różne poziomy opieki, od ambulatoryjnej po stacjonarną, w zależności od nasilenia objawów i obecności chorób współistniejących⁷².

Model opieki etapowej

Coraz częściej w leczeniu BED stosuje się model opieki etapowej, w którym intensywność interwencji zwiększa się stopniowo w zależności od odpowiedzi na wcześniejsze leczenie⁷³. Model ten może obejmować:

Samopomoc kierowaną jako pierwszy krok
Psychoterapię (CBT, IPT lub DBT) dla pacjentów, którzy nie odpowiadają na samopomoc
Farmakoterapię jako uzupełnienie lub alternatywę dla psychoterapii
Intensywniejsze poziomy opieki (częściowa hospitalizacja, leczenie stacjonarne) dla pacjentów wymagających większego wsparcia

Ten model pozwala na bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie zasobów i dostosowanie intensywności leczenia do potrzeb pacjenta⁷⁴.

Znaczenie wsparcia społecznego

Wsparcie społeczne odgrywa kluczową rolę w leczeniu BED⁷⁵. Pacjenci mogą korzystać z:

Grup wsparcia, które oferują zrozumienie, nadzieję i rady dotyczące radzenia sobie z zaburzeniem
Wsparcia rodziny i przyjaciół, którzy mogą pomóc w przestrzeganiu planu leczenia
Terapii rodzinnej, która może pomóc w rozwiązaniu problemów rodzinnych i angażować członków rodziny we wspieranie pacjenta

Cierpliwość i wytrwałość są niezbędne w procesie zdrowienia, ponieważ pacjenci mogą doświadczać nawrotów i trudności w kontrolowaniu swoich nawyków żywieniowych⁷⁶.

Wyzwania w leczeniu i perspektywy na przyszłość

Pomimo dostępności skutecznych metod leczenia, wiele osób z BED pozostaje niezdiagnozowanych i nieleczonych⁷⁷. Wśród głównych wyzwań można wymienić:

Ograniczony dostęp do specjalistycznego leczenia, zwłaszcza w obszarach wiejskich lub niedostatecznie obsługiwanych
Bariery finansowe związane z kosztami leczenia
Stygmatyzacja i wstyd, które mogą powstrzymywać osoby przed szukaniem pomocy
Niedostateczna wiedza wśród pracowników ochrony zdrowia na temat rozpoznawania i leczenia BED

Aby poprawić bazę dowodową dla wytycznych leczenia, potrzebne są dalsze badania dotyczące długoterminowej skuteczności interwencji farmakologicznych, skuteczności terapii komplementarnych i alternatywnych, skuteczności leczenia w różnorodnych grupach, w tym mniejszościach etnicznych i dzieciach/młodzieży, czynników predykcyjnych odpowiedzi na leczenie, oceny szkód i kosztów-korzyści różnych metod leczenia, modeli opieki etapowej oraz skuteczności leczenia w warunkach stacjonarnych⁷⁸.

Znaczenie wczesnej interwencji

Wczesna interwencja jest kluczowa dla poprawy wyników zdrowotnych i jakości życia osób z BED⁷⁹. Im wcześniej rozpocznie się leczenie, tym łatwiejsze może być przerwanie cyklu objadania się i zmniejszenie ryzyka powikłań zdrowotnych⁸⁰.

Lekarze podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej mają do odegrania ważną rolę w początkowym rozpoznaniu i ocenie podejrzewanego BED, wstępnym wyborze leczenia oraz długoterminowej obserwacji pacjentów⁸¹.

Rola edukacji i świadomości społecznej

Zwiększenie świadomości społecznej na temat BED i dostępnych opcji leczenia może pomóc w przezwyciężeniu stygmatyzacji i zachęcić więcej osób do poszukiwania pomocy⁸². Edukacja pracowników ochrony zdrowia, szczególnie lekarzy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej i pielęgniarek, na temat rozpoznawania i leczenia BED jest również istotna⁸³.

Pielęgniarki, jako osoby często mające pierwszy kontakt z pacjentem, powinny być szczególnie czujne na oznaki zaburzeń odżywiania i znać ścieżki skierowania do odpowiednich specjalistów⁸⁴.

Podsumowanie

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona (BED) jest poważnym zaburzeniem psychicznym charakteryzującym się nawracającymi epizodami objadania się i towarzyszącym im znacznym dystresem psychologicznym. Jest to najczęściej występujące zaburzenie odżywiania, które może prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, szczególnie jeśli pozostaje nieleczone⁸⁵.

Leczenie BED wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, obejmującego psychoterapię (głównie CBT, IPT i DBT), farmakoterapię (lisdeksamfetamina, SSRI, topiramat) oraz poradnictwo żywieniowe. Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z BED, począwszy od identyfikacji zaburzenia, poprzez realizację planu opieki, edukację zdrowotną, aż po monitorowanie postępów⁸⁶.

Choć leczenie BED może być długotrwałym procesem, większość pacjentów może osiągnąć znaczną poprawę przy odpowiednim wsparciu. Wczesna interwencja, kompleksowe podejście do leczenia oraz wsparcie społeczne są kluczowymi czynnikami wpływającymi na pomyślne wyniki leczenia⁸⁷.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4
Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States, and it’s characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food (bingeing). Someone with binge eating disorder will eat large amounts of food even though they are not physically hungry, and afterwards, they may feel intense guilt or shame. […] Nursing care of a patient with binge eating disorder includes encouraging the patient to keep a food diary, working with the patient to establish realistic weight goals, and providing referrals to support groups. […] Treatment of binge eating disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). DBT is a specific form of CBT that helps the patient to regulate their emotions and helps to reduce self-destructive behavior. Medications such as SSRIs can also be helpful.
#2 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/
Binge eating disorder is a psychological condition characterized by episodes of uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food in a short period, typically 2 hours. […] Management involves assessing binge frequency, triggers, and associated emotions and implementing effective treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance the learner’s competence in identifying binge eating disorder, performing the recommended evaluation, and implementing an appropriate interprofessional approach when managing the psychological and medical aspects of this condition. […] Effective psychotherapy treatments for binge eating disorder include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy.
#3 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a serious mental illness. BED is characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating, which involves eating a large amount of food in a short period of time. During a binge episode, the person feels unable to stop themselves eating, and it is often linked with high levels of distress. A person with BED will not use compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting or overexercising after binge eating. […] The goals for treatment of BED are to reduce binge eating and to support the person to eat regular meals. Addressing other related emotional factors such as anxiety, depression, and self-esteem is also important. […] Access to evidence-based treatment has been shown to reduce the severity, duration and impact of BED. […] Most people can recover from an eating disorder with community-based treatment. In the community, the minimum treatment team includes a medical practitioner such as a GP and a mental health professional.
#4 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) characterizes Binge Eating Disorder (BED) as consisting of the following: [1] […] 1. Eating, in a discrete period of time within any 2-hour period, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period under similar circumstances […] 2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode, a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much is eaten, and marked distress associated with the binge-eating episodes; the episodes occur on average at least once a week for at least 3 months, are not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior as in bulimia nervosa, and do not occur exclusively during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa; three or more of the following factors are also present:
#5 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview
Eating much more rapidly than normal […] Eating until feeling uncomfortably full […] Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry […] Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much is being eaten […] Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward. […] Individuals with BED are typically ashamed of their eating problems and attempt to conceal their symptoms, so they may binge eat in secret. Binge eating can be associated with an acute feeling of loss of control and marked distress. It can be triggered by interpersonal stressors, negative feelings related to body image, and boredom. After repeated binge-eating episodes occur, they are often preceded by negative affect. Over time, the episodes of binge eating can generalize to a regular pattern of uncontrolled overeating. [3]
#6 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/
Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States. Binge eating disorder is a condition where people lose control over their eating and have recurring episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food. However, unlike bulimia nervosa, periods of binge eating are not followed by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. As a result, people with binge eating disorder often are overweight or obese. […] These are the signs and symptoms of a binge eating disorder: Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a two-hour period; Eating even when feeling full or not hungry; Eating at a fast pace; Eating until uncomfortably full; Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment; Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about eating; Frequent dieting, possibly without weight loss.
#7 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is the most common type of eating disorder in the United States. People with binge eating disorder often feel out of control and eat a large amount of food at one time (called a binge). Binge eating disorder is a serious health problem, but people with binge eating disorder can get better with treatment. […] Binge eating disorder affects more than 3% of women in the United States. More than half of people with binge eating disorder are women. Binge eating disorder affects women of all races and ethnicities. It is the most common eating disorder among Hispanic, Asian-American, and African-American women. […] Women and girls who diet often are 12 times more likely to binge eat than women and girls who do not diet. Binge eating disorder affects more young and middle-aged women than older women. On average, women develop binge eating disorder in their early to mid-20s.
#8
https://www.grandviewhealth.com/health-library/3
According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, more than 30 million Americans will have an eating disorder at some point. However, nearly 3% of us will develop binge eating disorder (BED). […] A binge eater will: […] Approximately 60 percent of BED patients are female. […] According to the National Eating Disorders Association, signs someone you care about is suffering from BED are: […] Unlike eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia, binge eating disorder does not involve extreme attempts to control weight gain. […] As a result, two-thirds of people with BED are overweight, placing themselves at increased risk of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, cancer and fertility problems.
#9 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is the most common type of eating disorder in the United States. People with binge eating disorder often feel out of control and eat a large amount of food at one time (called a binge). Binge eating disorder is a serious health problem, but people with binge eating disorder can get better with treatment. […] Binge eating disorder affects more than 3% of women in the United States. More than half of people with binge eating disorder are women. Binge eating disorder affects women of all races and ethnicities. It is the most common eating disorder among Hispanic, Asian-American, and African-American women. […] Women and girls who diet often are 12 times more likely to binge eat than women and girls who do not diet. Binge eating disorder affects more young and middle-aged women than older women. On average, women develop binge eating disorder in their early to mid-20s.
#10 Eating Disorders (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eat-disorder.html
People with binge eating disorder: […] overeat and feel out of control to stop […] eat large amounts even when they are not hungry […] may feel upset or guilty after binge eating […] often gain weight and may become very overweight. […] Many people with binge eating disorder eat faster than normal. […] Unlike people with bulimia, those with binge eating disorder do not make themselves throw up, use laxatives, or exercise a lot to make up for binge eating. […] If a person binge eats at least once a week for 3 months, it may be a sign of binge eating disorder. […] Binge eating can lead to weight-related health problems, such as: diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides, fatty liver, sleep apnea. […] People with binge eating disorder may: have low self-esteem, anxiety, or depression
#11 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literature
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/
Left untreated, BED presents a significant public health concern because the increase in the risk of comorbid medical conditions (eg, metabolic syndrome) is greater than the risk posed by obesity alone and because BED is frequently comorbid with psychiatric disorders (eg, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders). […] It is important for PCPs to recognize the signs of BED and its comorbid disorders and to determine the most appropriate course of treatment. […] The main goal of BED treatment should be to reduce binge-eating behavior, not to promote weight management or weight loss, and thereby reduce the risk of medical and psychiatric complications. […] After confirming a diagnosis of BED, the PCP should play an active role in the initial treatment selection, including prescribing approved pharmacotherapy and referring patients to an appropriate specialist who can provide psychotherapy.
#12 What is Binge Eating Disorder? Signs, Symptoms & Treatments – The Renfrew Center
https://renfrewcenter.com/services/binge-eating-disorder/
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is driven by cycles of dietary restriction and deprivation, along with complex social and emotional factors, affecting people of all races and genders. […] Achieving long-term recovery from binge eating disorder is about more than just helping a person stop the binge eating cycle. Treatment paths focus on identifying the emotional core of the disorder and building emotional tolerance to help the individual remove their dependence on the eating disorder to cope. […] Individuals suffering from binge eating disorder deserve caring and professional evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. […] The Renfrew Center provides treatment for binge eating disorder through a multidisciplinary team of therapists, dietitians, medical providers, and psychiatrists. […] An effective treatment approach will ideally include a multidisciplinary team that works together to target multiple factors, including the eating disorder symptoms, nutritional deficiencies, medical complications, and any co-occurring mental health diagnoses.
#13 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder
Binge-Eating Disorder: Marked by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food without compensatory behaviors. […] Dysregulation of appetite-regulating hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, contributing to episodes of excessive eating. […] Increased risk of obesity and related metabolic conditions due to the consumption of large amounts of high-calorie foods. […] Regularly assess and monitor the individuals physical health, including weight, vital signs, and laboratory values, to determine progress in achieving nutritional stability and overall well-being. […] Evaluate changes in psychological and behavioral patterns, such as attitudes towards food, body image, and engagement in disordered eating behaviors. […] Provide ongoing nutritional counseling and education, focusing on promoting a balanced and healthy relationship with food. […] Administer medications appropriately, including SSRI antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and psychostimulants.
#14 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is the most common type of eating disorder in the United States. People with binge eating disorder often feel out of control and eat a large amount of food at one time (called a binge). Binge eating disorder is a serious health problem, but people with binge eating disorder can get better with treatment. […] Binge eating disorder affects more than 3% of women in the United States. More than half of people with binge eating disorder are women. Binge eating disorder affects women of all races and ethnicities. It is the most common eating disorder among Hispanic, Asian-American, and African-American women. […] Women and girls who diet often are 12 times more likely to binge eat than women and girls who do not diet. Binge eating disorder affects more young and middle-aged women than older women. On average, women develop binge eating disorder in their early to mid-20s.
#15 Disordered Eating – Women Veterans Health Care
https://www.womenshealth.va.gov/topics/disordered-eating.asp
Disordered eating refers to unhealthy eating habits that can harm your physical and mental health. It may lead to issues like poor nutrition, bone loss, depression, or even a diagnosable eating disorder. […] In some cases, disordered eating may lead to an eating disorder, a more severe condition. Types of eating disorders include: […] Binge eating disorder: Frequent episodes of eating large amounts of food with a loss of control. […] Women who have experienced trauma, including military sexual trauma (MST), or have a history of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be more likely to have disordered eating. […] VA offers mental health services, including assessment and evaluation, medications, treatment, and individual and group therapy for mental health conditions associated with disordered eating, such as:
#16 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder
You may have binge eating disorder if, for at least once a week over the past three months, you have binged. Binge eating disorder means you have at least three of these symptoms while binging: Eating faster than normal, Eating until uncomfortably full, Eating large amounts of food when not hungry, Eating alone because of embarrassment, Feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty afterward. […] People with binge eating disorder often have other serious mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, or problems with substance use. These problems can seriously affect a woman’s everyday life and can be treated. […] Your doctor may refer you to a team of doctors, nutritionists, and therapists who will work to help you get better. Treatment plans may include one or more of the following: Psychotherapy, Nutritional counseling, Medicine, such as appetite suppressants or antidepressants prescribed by a doctor. […] Most girls and women do get better with treatment and are able to eat in healthy ways again. Some may get better after the first treatment. Others get well but may relapse and need treatment again.
#17 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview
Eating much more rapidly than normal […] Eating until feeling uncomfortably full […] Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry […] Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much is being eaten […] Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward. […] Individuals with BED are typically ashamed of their eating problems and attempt to conceal their symptoms, so they may binge eat in secret. Binge eating can be associated with an acute feeling of loss of control and marked distress. It can be triggered by interpersonal stressors, negative feelings related to body image, and boredom. After repeated binge-eating episodes occur, they are often preceded by negative affect. Over time, the episodes of binge eating can generalize to a regular pattern of uncontrolled overeating. [3]
#18 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Effects, and Recovery Tips
https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/binge-eating-disorder/
Binge eating disorder traps people in a vicious cycle. For those with this disorder, the urge to consume massive amounts of food feels uncontrollable, leading to guilt, shame, and physical consequences. The pressure to âmake upâ for these binges often fuels restrictive eating, only to trigger the cycle all over again. […] At The Emily Program, we offer personalized treatment specifically designed for those with binge eating disorder. We go beyond food with a whole-person approach, addressing the medical, nutritional, and psychological aspects of the condition to help you achieve long-term recovery. […] The Emily Program understands the physical and emotional strain of binge eating disorder (BED). We are here to help with personalized treatment programs. These programs can free you or your loved one from the struggles of BED. They will lead to a more peaceful relationship with food and yourself.
#19 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview
Binge eating disorder (BED) was first characterized in 1959 by Stunkard as the presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating. BED can also include night eating with resultant weight gain but by definition does not include the use of vomiting or medications such as laxatives, emetics, or diuretics. [4] […] Alterations in the left orbitofrontal cortex, as can occur with lesions, result in increased insula volume, a finding that is nonspecific and seen in all eating disorders. Increased gray matter gyrus rectus volume specifically correlates with increased weight gain and an exaggerated response to sucrose pleasantness ratings in general. [8] Reduced white matter in the medial temporal lobe, as well as in the parietal lobe, may also be associated with binge eating disorder (BED). [9] […] Binging may acutely relieve negative mood; however, afterward, it generally causes the persons negative mood to return even more intensely, reinforcing binging via negative reinforcement. Lower self-esteem and overvaluation of shape and weight contribute to weight bias internalization among patients with BED. [10] […] The following links may be helpful for patients: National Eating Disorders Foundation […] Self-help […] Information from the National Institute of Mental Health.
#20 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Results
https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder
The structured environment is usually considered helpful for breaking these negative patterns and reinforcing new coping mechanisms and skills. […] Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) are a step down from PHPs. […] The goal of this type of care is to help patients stay accountable to themselves and their ongoing recovery, while continuing to provide an outlet for concerns, anxieties, or other issues. […] Nutrition counseling is a multidisciplinary approach incorporating dietitians, therapists, and physicians. […] It can also teach those with BED healthy eating habits that can help them not only avoid binge eating episodes, but some of the physical consequences brought on by that behavior. […] When building a treatment plan for binge eating disorder, patients may also want to consider a broader range of therapy options, techniques, and other binge eating disorder treatments.
#21 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and, subsequently, significant psychological distress (e.g., shame, guilt). […] Current treatments for BED and LOC eating include psychological and behavioral interventions, pharmacological interventions, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions, and combination approaches. […] Current challenges regarding the diagnosis of BED and LOC eating include the assessment of a patient eating an objectively large amount of food, which is not wholly quantitative; rather, it requires the clinician’s evaluation of the patient’s self-report and is, therefore, at risk for detection bias. […] Many BED patients initially access treatment through a primary care physician who may be able to offer only a limited number of treatment options directly (usually just pharmacotherapy) or referral to psychologists, dietitians, and psychiatrists who also lack specific expertise in BED.
#22 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and, subsequently, significant psychological distress (e.g., shame, guilt). […] Current treatments for BED and LOC eating include psychological and behavioral interventions, pharmacological interventions, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions, and combination approaches. […] Current challenges regarding the diagnosis of BED and LOC eating include the assessment of a patient eating an objectively large amount of food, which is not wholly quantitative; rather, it requires the clinician’s evaluation of the patient’s self-report and is, therefore, at risk for detection bias. […] Many BED patients initially access treatment through a primary care physician who may be able to offer only a limited number of treatment options directly (usually just pharmacotherapy) or referral to psychologists, dietitians, and psychiatrists who also lack specific expertise in BED.
#23 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) characterizes Binge Eating Disorder (BED) as consisting of the following: [1] […] 1. Eating, in a discrete period of time within any 2-hour period, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period under similar circumstances […] 2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode, a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much is eaten, and marked distress associated with the binge-eating episodes; the episodes occur on average at least once a week for at least 3 months, are not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior as in bulimia nervosa, and do not occur exclusively during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa; three or more of the following factors are also present:
#24 Eating Disorders | Student Health Service
https://studenthealth.sa.ucsb.edu/medical-services/medical-services/eating-disorders
Binge Eating Disorder […] Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances. […] […] A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating). […] The binge eating episodes are associated with three (or more) of the following: […] Eating much more rapidly than normal. […] Eating until feeling uncomfortably full. […] Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry. […] Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating.
#25 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax
https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder
Repeated episodes of excessive eating in shorter amounts of time than most people would eat in that situation accompanied by significant lack of control of eating is called binge eating disorder (BED) (APA, 2013). […] Nursing care for these clients should include an accurate assessment using validated screening tools like the SCOFF questionnaire. […] The physical exam should include vital signs and height and weight measurements. […] Nursing interventions will focus on weight loss, treating comorbid conditions, avoiding medical complications, and increasing the clients self-esteem. […] Psychotherapy is first-line treatment for BED and can include modalities like CBT, IPT, and DBT (Giel et al., 2022). […] Lisdexamfetamine is the only FDA-approved medication for BED on the market in the United States.
#26 Eating Disorder Treatment and Management Plans
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorder-resources/medicare-items/ed-treatment-and-mangement-plans
People who meet the eligibility criteria (below) and have a clinical diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED) or other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) are eligible for an EDP. […] The eligibility criteria that need to be met for a person with a clinical diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, BED and OSFED, are: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) scores â¥ 3 and the condition is characterised by rapid weight loss, or frequent binge eating, or inappropriate compensatory behaviour as manifested by 3 or more occurrences per week. […] The following treatments have been approved for use under an EDP: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder (CBT-BN and CBT-BED). […] Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder.
#27 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax
https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder
Repeated episodes of excessive eating in shorter amounts of time than most people would eat in that situation accompanied by significant lack of control of eating is called binge eating disorder (BED) (APA, 2013). […] Nursing care for these clients should include an accurate assessment using validated screening tools like the SCOFF questionnaire. […] The physical exam should include vital signs and height and weight measurements. […] Nursing interventions will focus on weight loss, treating comorbid conditions, avoiding medical complications, and increasing the clients self-esteem. […] Psychotherapy is first-line treatment for BED and can include modalities like CBT, IPT, and DBT (Giel et al., 2022). […] Lisdexamfetamine is the only FDA-approved medication for BED on the market in the United States.
#28 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 3% in the US population. […] Untreated BED is a risk factor for obesity, metabolic disorders, mental health problems and poor quality of life. […] Patients with BED face significant barriers to evaluation and treatment. […] Providers also face challenges in identifying BED in the primary care setting: Some patients with BED may have a normal BMI, which makes providers assume that they do not have an eating disorder. […] Finally, lack of knowledge about treatment options and underestimation of the impact of BED on medical conditions, leads many primary care providers to overlook BED as a target for evaluation and treatment. […] The reality is that primary care providers have much to offer patients with BED.
#29 Binge Eating Disorder | National Alliance for Eating Disorders
https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/binge-eating-disorder/
A life in complete recovery is possible. […] If someone you love is struggling with Binge Eating Disorder, it can be a scary and difficult time for everyone involved. […] Early detection and intervention may increase the likelihood of recovery. […] It is also important that you, the family and friends of someone experiencing an eating disorder, get help and support for yourselves.
#30 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/
A BED diagnosis is useful when selecting psychotropic medications with lesser potential to aggravate binge eating. […] Finally, diagnosing a patient with BED can alleviate the patients distress and stigma. […] Since untreated BED poses a challenge in treating conditions such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, diagnosing and managing BED can benefit all areas of patient health. […] Although there are still significant barriers to screening, diagnosis and treatment, primary care providers have the means to improve health outcomes among their patients with binge eating. […] First of all, routine procedures such as weighing patients, offer opportunities to ask patients whether they have any concerns about their weight or eating patterns. […] Routine screening of special populations such as patients with diabetes, those attempting weight loss or receiving psychotropic medication is of great help in managing those comorbidities.
#31 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633
To diagnose binge-eating disorder, your healthcare professional may recommend a mental health evaluation. This includes talking about your feelings and eating habits with a mental health professional. Look for a mental health professional with expertise in treating eating disorders. […] The goal for treatment of binge-eating disorder is to have healthy, regular eating habits. Because binge eating often involves shame, poor body self-image and other negative emotions, treatment also addresses these and related mental health conditions, such as depression. By getting help for binge eating, you can learn how to feel more in control of your eating. […] Treatment of binge-eating disorder may be done by a team of specialists. The team can include doctors and other healthcare professionals, mental health professionals, and dietitians, all with experience in eating disorders.
#32 Binge eating disorder – UF Health
https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder in which a person regularly eats unusually large amounts of food. During binge eating, the person also feels a loss of control and is not able to stop eating. […] The overall goals of treatment are to help you: Lessen and then stop bingeing. Get to and stay at a healthy weight. Get treated for any emotional problems, including overcoming feelings and managing situations that trigger binge eating. […] Eating disorders, such as binge eating, are often treated with psychological and nutrition counseling. […] Psychological counseling is also called talk therapy. It involves talking with a mental health provider, or therapist, who understands why people binge eat. The therapist helps you recognize the feelings and thoughts that cause you to binge eat. Then they teach you how to change these into helpful thoughts and healthy actions.
#33 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literature
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/
Left untreated, BED presents a significant public health concern because the increase in the risk of comorbid medical conditions (eg, metabolic syndrome) is greater than the risk posed by obesity alone and because BED is frequently comorbid with psychiatric disorders (eg, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders). […] It is important for PCPs to recognize the signs of BED and its comorbid disorders and to determine the most appropriate course of treatment. […] The main goal of BED treatment should be to reduce binge-eating behavior, not to promote weight management or weight loss, and thereby reduce the risk of medical and psychiatric complications. […] After confirming a diagnosis of BED, the PCP should play an active role in the initial treatment selection, including prescribing approved pharmacotherapy and referring patients to an appropriate specialist who can provide psychotherapy.
#34 Binge Eating Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17652-binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder that healthcare providers diagnose, although many people dont realize its a disorder. It causes frequent episodes of binge eating eating an unusually large quantity of food in one session and feeling unable to stop. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment. […] Binge eating disorder (BED) is a behavioral disorder characterized by chronic, compulsive overeating. While everyone overeats occasionally, an eating disorder is a condition that you live with every day. It feels like it controls you and interferes with your mental, emotional and physical well-being. Binge eating means consuming large quantities of food in a short period and feeling like you cant stop. […] Psychotherapy (talk therapy) is the most important part of the treatment plan for binge eating disorder. There are many different approaches to therapy. The most proven methods for treating BED are: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT helps you examine your behaviors and the thoughts and feelings behind them. Your therapist will work with you to break unhealthy behavior patterns and find healthier ways to cope with the thoughts and feelings that oppress you.
#35 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/
Binge eating disorder is a psychological condition characterized by episodes of uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food in a short period, typically 2 hours. […] Management involves assessing binge frequency, triggers, and associated emotions and implementing effective treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance the learner’s competence in identifying binge eating disorder, performing the recommended evaluation, and implementing an appropriate interprofessional approach when managing the psychological and medical aspects of this condition. […] Effective psychotherapy treatments for binge eating disorder include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy.
#36 Binge eating disorder (BED) | Better Health Channel
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/binge-eating-disorder
A GP (doctor) with experience supporting people with eating disorders can be a good first point of contact. […] Once binge eating disorder is diagnosed, your GP will assemble a team of healthcare professionals who are best suited to help you. […] There are a range of psychological treatments available to treat eating disorders. […] Research indicates that the most effective therapies for binge eating disorder include: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Enhanced (CBT-E), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Guided Self Help (CBT-GSH), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). […] Support groups can be helpful as an additional source of support, alongside treatment from healthcare professionals.
#37 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/
Binge eating disorder is a psychological condition characterized by episodes of uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food in a short period, typically 2 hours. […] Management involves assessing binge frequency, triggers, and associated emotions and implementing effective treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance the learner’s competence in identifying binge eating disorder, performing the recommended evaluation, and implementing an appropriate interprofessional approach when managing the psychological and medical aspects of this condition. […] Effective psychotherapy treatments for binge eating disorder include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy.
#38 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4
Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States, and it’s characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food (bingeing). Someone with binge eating disorder will eat large amounts of food even though they are not physically hungry, and afterwards, they may feel intense guilt or shame. […] Nursing care of a patient with binge eating disorder includes encouraging the patient to keep a food diary, working with the patient to establish realistic weight goals, and providing referrals to support groups. […] Treatment of binge eating disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). DBT is a specific form of CBT that helps the patient to regulate their emotions and helps to reduce self-destructive behavior. Medications such as SSRIs can also be helpful.
#39 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html
Binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa are potentially life-threatening disorders that involve complex psychosocial issues. A strong therapeutic relationship between the physician and patient is necessary for assessing the psychosocial and medical factors used to determine the appropriate level of care. Most patients can be effectively treated in the outpatient setting by a health care team that includes a physician, a registered dietitian, and a therapist. […] For the treatment of binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa, good evidence supports the use of interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapies, as well as antidepressants. Limited evidence supports the use of guided self-help programs as a first step in a stepped-care approach to these disorders. […] Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the behavioral intervention of choice for binge-eating disorder. In a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, patients treated with CBT reported fewer bingeing episodes and improved ratings of restraint, hunger, and disinhibition than waiting-list control patients. Limited evidence also demonstrates effectiveness of treatment using pure or guided self-help programs.
#40 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) can be effective in reducing binge-eating behaviors in persons with binge-eating disorder. […] Most patients with eating disorders receive optimal care in an outpatient setting. The outpatient care team should include an experienced therapist, a dietitian, and a clinician knowledgeable about eating disorder-specific medical evaluations. […] Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control. […] Patients who exhibit a rapid decrease in binge-eating behaviors (e.g., by two-thirds) in the first month of treatment are more likely to have sustained remission, regardless of treatment modality, than patients who do not. […] Pharmacotherapy should not be pursued as a monotherapy for eating disorders, but it may be a worthwhile adjunctive therapy, specifically in the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions. […] Binge-Eating Disorder. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), approved by the FDA for binge-eating disorder, and topiramate decrease binge-eating episodes and may lead to weight stabilization or loss.
#41 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/
Pharmacotherapy should be used as first-line therapy in patients who do not have access to psychotherapy, decline psychotherapy, or prefer medications. […] Patients with binge eating disorders should be treated by an interprofessional team, including psychiatrists, endocrinologists, psychologists, pharmacists, nutritionists, social workers, educational professionals, and nurses. […] Clinicians should be well-trained in evaluating and treating patients with this disorder. […] The management and education should be tailored to the age and level of development. […] The clinician and all interprofessional team members should show empathy, respect, and compassion and provide suitable information for binge eating disorders and obesity.
#42 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633
Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help you learn how to exchange unhealthy habits for healthy ones and reduce binge eating. […] Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse) is a medicine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is the first medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat moderate to severe binge-eating disorder, but only in adults. […] Along with getting professional help, you can take these self-care steps as part of your treatment plan: Stay with your treatment. Don’t skip therapy sessions. If you have a meal plan, do your best to stay with it. Don’t let setbacks keep you from continuing treatment. […] If you have binge-eating disorder, you and your family may find support groups helpful for encouragement, hope and advice on coping. Support group members can understand what you’re going through because they’ve been there themselves.
#43 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) can be effective in reducing binge-eating behaviors in persons with binge-eating disorder. […] Most patients with eating disorders receive optimal care in an outpatient setting. The outpatient care team should include an experienced therapist, a dietitian, and a clinician knowledgeable about eating disorder-specific medical evaluations. […] Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control. […] Patients who exhibit a rapid decrease in binge-eating behaviors (e.g., by two-thirds) in the first month of treatment are more likely to have sustained remission, regardless of treatment modality, than patients who do not. […] Pharmacotherapy should not be pursued as a monotherapy for eating disorders, but it may be a worthwhile adjunctive therapy, specifically in the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions. […] Binge-Eating Disorder. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), approved by the FDA for binge-eating disorder, and topiramate decrease binge-eating episodes and may lead to weight stabilization or loss.
#44 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html
Guided self-help programs often include the components listed in Table 7. The treatment is designed to help patients understand the functions of disordered eating; increase healthy eating habits and decrease unhealthy dieting; identify alternatives to the urge to binge; cope with distress; and establish a relapse-prevention plan. […] Several medications have shown benefit in the short-term treatment of binge-eating disorder. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials studying the use of a variety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., fluoxetine [Prozac], sertraline [Zoloft], citalopram [Celexa]); tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine [Tofranil]); antiepileptics (topiramate [Topamax]); and appetite suppressants (sibutramine [Meridia]) demonstrated moderate evidence of the effectiveness of medication. Use of these agents resulted in a significant decrease in binge frequency and illness severity when compared with placebo. […] The addition of antidepressant medication (e.g., fluoxetine) to CBT does not appear to add to the effectiveness of CBT in reducing binge-eating episodes.
#45 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) can be effective in reducing binge-eating behaviors in persons with binge-eating disorder. […] Most patients with eating disorders receive optimal care in an outpatient setting. The outpatient care team should include an experienced therapist, a dietitian, and a clinician knowledgeable about eating disorder-specific medical evaluations. […] Binge-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control. […] Patients who exhibit a rapid decrease in binge-eating behaviors (e.g., by two-thirds) in the first month of treatment are more likely to have sustained remission, regardless of treatment modality, than patients who do not. […] Pharmacotherapy should not be pursued as a monotherapy for eating disorders, but it may be a worthwhile adjunctive therapy, specifically in the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions. […] Binge-Eating Disorder. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), approved by the FDA for binge-eating disorder, and topiramate decrease binge-eating episodes and may lead to weight stabilization or loss.
#46 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/
Obese clients with binge eating disorder who do not respond to psychotherapy are encouraged to participate in behavioral weight loss therapy. SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or stimulants may be prescribed for clients with binge eating disorder. […] Nurses individualize interventions based on the clients current clinical status and their phase of treatment. Interventions can be categorized based on the American Psychiatric Nursing Association (APNA) standard for Implementation that includes the Coordination of Care; Health Teaching and Health Promotion; Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies; Milieu Therapy; and Therapeutic Relationship and Counseling. […] A significant part of the recovery process includes rebuilding relationships with family. Family members or significant others often feel frustrated, powerless, and hopeless because the strategies they previously attempted, such as forcing the client to eat or begging the client to eat, were not successful. The nurse helps with this recovery process by providing education to the client and their loved ones about the illness, treatment, and meal planning. Adaptive coping skills to address disordered thoughts should be reinforced.
#47 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html
Guided self-help programs often include the components listed in Table 7. The treatment is designed to help patients understand the functions of disordered eating; increase healthy eating habits and decrease unhealthy dieting; identify alternatives to the urge to binge; cope with distress; and establish a relapse-prevention plan. […] Several medications have shown benefit in the short-term treatment of binge-eating disorder. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials studying the use of a variety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., fluoxetine [Prozac], sertraline [Zoloft], citalopram [Celexa]); tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine [Tofranil]); antiepileptics (topiramate [Topamax]); and appetite suppressants (sibutramine [Meridia]) demonstrated moderate evidence of the effectiveness of medication. Use of these agents resulted in a significant decrease in binge frequency and illness severity when compared with placebo. […] The addition of antidepressant medication (e.g., fluoxetine) to CBT does not appear to add to the effectiveness of CBT in reducing binge-eating episodes.
#48 Binge eating disorder – UF Health
https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder in which a person regularly eats unusually large amounts of food. During binge eating, the person also feels a loss of control and is not able to stop eating. […] The overall goals of treatment are to help you: Lessen and then stop bingeing. Get to and stay at a healthy weight. Get treated for any emotional problems, including overcoming feelings and managing situations that trigger binge eating. […] Eating disorders, such as binge eating, are often treated with psychological and nutrition counseling. […] Psychological counseling is also called talk therapy. It involves talking with a mental health provider, or therapist, who understands why people binge eat. The therapist helps you recognize the feelings and thoughts that cause you to binge eat. Then they teach you how to change these into helpful thoughts and healthy actions.
#49
https://www.fideliscare.org/Member/Helpful-Tools/Health-Resources/Eating-Disorders
Individual counseling, and often family therapy, is very important to eating disorder treatment. It addresses thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that drive disordered eating patterns. This also teaches coping skills to manage triggers and develop healthier behaviors. […] Registered dietitians help individuals develop balanced meal plans, normalize their relationship with food, and achieve a healthy weight. […] Regular medical checkups monitor physical health, manage complications, and address any nutritional deficiencies. […] In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). […] Connecting with others who have experienced similar struggles can provide support and encouragement.
#50 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/
Obese clients with binge eating disorder who do not respond to psychotherapy are encouraged to participate in behavioral weight loss therapy. SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or stimulants may be prescribed for clients with binge eating disorder. […] Nurses individualize interventions based on the clients current clinical status and their phase of treatment. Interventions can be categorized based on the American Psychiatric Nursing Association (APNA) standard for Implementation that includes the Coordination of Care; Health Teaching and Health Promotion; Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies; Milieu Therapy; and Therapeutic Relationship and Counseling. […] A significant part of the recovery process includes rebuilding relationships with family. Family members or significant others often feel frustrated, powerless, and hopeless because the strategies they previously attempted, such as forcing the client to eat or begging the client to eat, were not successful. The nurse helps with this recovery process by providing education to the client and their loved ones about the illness, treatment, and meal planning. Adaptive coping skills to address disordered thoughts should be reinforced.
#51 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Results
https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder
Treatment plans for binge eating disorder (BED) or other eating disorders and mental health conditions are generally created by a care provider and patient together, once a patient is admitted to a care facility or enters into treatment. […] To find the best binge eating disorder treatment plan for you, you should speak with your doctor, therapist, or another medical professional. […] Several levels of care have been developed to address these varying needs, each with their own treatment goals for binge eating disorder. […] Care and monitoring is provided around the clock, usually in a hospital setting or a unit specialized in the treatment of eating disorders. […] Multidisciplinary treatment is provided, including different types of binge eating disorder therapy, nutritional counseling, medical check-ins, medication consultations, and monitoring at mealtimes to prevent harmful eating behaviors and rituals.
#52 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder
Inpatient treatment may be required when a person needs medical and/or psychiatric stabilisation, nutritional rehabilitation and/or more intensive treatment and support. […] If you or someone you know may be experiencing an eating disorder, accessing support and treatment is important. Early intervention is key to improved health and quality of life outcomes.
#53 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock
https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html
Nutrition counseling. Doctors, nurses, and counselors will help you eat healthy to reach and maintain a healthy weight. […] Some people with serious eating disorders may need to be in a hospital or in a residential treatment program. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.
#54 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/
Nurses play an essential role in identifying destructive eating patterns and providing physical and emotional care for patients from detection to recovery. The goal is to have a manageable multidisciplinary, holistic approach to care. […] Monitoring nutritional status, electrolyte balance, weight, and activity, while keeping watch over diuretic/laxative use, make up important aspects of a nurses role. […] Patients also need emotional support, as they face deep pain and traumatic thoughts. Nurses can gain trust through active listening, empathy, and positive reinforcement. They can foster independence and educate patients and loved ones. […] Establishing goals to ensure the patient maintains awareness, practices healthy coping techniques, and adopts a positive body image and sense of self-worth is a priority.
#55 Nursing Care Plan For Eating Disorder Patients – Made For Medical
https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorder-patients/
Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, are complex mental health conditions characterized by disordered eating behaviors and distorted body image perceptions. […] A nursing care plan for eating disorder patients focuses on providing holistic care that addresses the unique challenges associated with these conditions. […] Nurses play a critical role in the assessment, monitoring, and management of eating disorder patients. […] The care plan encompasses various aspects of care, including nutritional assessment, psychotherapy, behavioral interventions, and family involvement. […] It emphasizes the need for a compassionate, non-judgmental, and patient-centered approach to help individuals regain control of their lives and achieve sustainable recovery from eating disorders.
#56 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/
People with eating disorders may appear healthy even when they are very ill. […] Therefore, it is vital for the nurse to build a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship with clients with eating disorders and empathize with possible feelings of low self-esteem and lack of control over eating. […] Clients with binge eating disorder may have obesity and gastrointestinal symptoms but do not typically have other associated abnormal assessment findings. […] Common nursing diagnoses for individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa include these diagnoses: […] These are the typical overall treatment goals for individuals with eating disorders: […] After a client is medically stable, the treatment plan includes a combination of psychotherapy, medications, and nutritional counseling.
#57 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/
Obese clients with binge eating disorder who do not respond to psychotherapy are encouraged to participate in behavioral weight loss therapy. SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or stimulants may be prescribed for clients with binge eating disorder. […] Nurses individualize interventions based on the clients current clinical status and their phase of treatment. Interventions can be categorized based on the American Psychiatric Nursing Association (APNA) standard for Implementation that includes the Coordination of Care; Health Teaching and Health Promotion; Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies; Milieu Therapy; and Therapeutic Relationship and Counseling. […] A significant part of the recovery process includes rebuilding relationships with family. Family members or significant others often feel frustrated, powerless, and hopeless because the strategies they previously attempted, such as forcing the client to eat or begging the client to eat, were not successful. The nurse helps with this recovery process by providing education to the client and their loved ones about the illness, treatment, and meal planning. Adaptive coping skills to address disordered thoughts should be reinforced.
#58 Episode 80: The Role of an Eating Disorder Nurse
https://emilyprogram.com/blog/episode-80-the-role-of-an-eating-disorder-nurse-with-stacey-brown/
Stacey Brown, RN, joins us in this episode of Peace Meal to reflect on the role of nursing in eating disorder care. […] Stacey highlights the importance of every care team member and multidisciplinary collaboration to meet a patientâs full range of needs. […] How eating disorder nurses help at all levels of care to ensure patients get the medical and emotional care they need. […] On the nurseâs role in collaborative eating disorder care: âIn our setting, one of the most important things that we learn [is] how to validate and also to redirect the client to the appropriate caregiver. Itâs not my role to be their therapist. Itâs not my role to overstep and try to be their dietitian. My role is to be their nurse, to address their medical needs, to be validating and listening and compassionate, but also know when to redirect back to other care providers.â
#59 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4
Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States, and it’s characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food (bingeing). Someone with binge eating disorder will eat large amounts of food even though they are not physically hungry, and afterwards, they may feel intense guilt or shame. […] Nursing care of a patient with binge eating disorder includes encouraging the patient to keep a food diary, working with the patient to establish realistic weight goals, and providing referrals to support groups. […] Treatment of binge eating disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). DBT is a specific form of CBT that helps the patient to regulate their emotions and helps to reduce self-destructive behavior. Medications such as SSRIs can also be helpful.
#60 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder
Binge-Eating Disorder: Marked by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food without compensatory behaviors. […] Dysregulation of appetite-regulating hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, contributing to episodes of excessive eating. […] Increased risk of obesity and related metabolic conditions due to the consumption of large amounts of high-calorie foods. […] Regularly assess and monitor the individuals physical health, including weight, vital signs, and laboratory values, to determine progress in achieving nutritional stability and overall well-being. […] Evaluate changes in psychological and behavioral patterns, such as attitudes towards food, body image, and engagement in disordered eating behaviors. […] Provide ongoing nutritional counseling and education, focusing on promoting a balanced and healthy relationship with food. […] Administer medications appropriately, including SSRI antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and psychostimulants.
#61 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/
Nurses individualize interventions based on the clients current clinical status and their phase of treatment. […] The milieu of an eating disorder specialty unit is purposefully organized to assist the client in establishing healthy eating patterns and normalization of eating. […] The first priority is to establish a therapeutic relationship. […] External control is required initially to promote good nutrition and a healthy weight. […] The client often experiences a strong drive to exercise. […] Acknowledge milestones and encourage other sources of gratification other than eating. […] If the client is exhibiting risk for suicide, a safety plan should be immediately implemented. […] Severely malnourished clients may require therapeutic enteral nutrition. […] Nurses should be aware that clients with bulimia nervosa typically establish a therapeutic nurse-client relationship more quickly than clients with anorexia nervosa.
#62 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/
Nurses play an essential role in identifying destructive eating patterns and providing physical and emotional care for patients from detection to recovery. The goal is to have a manageable multidisciplinary, holistic approach to care. […] Monitoring nutritional status, electrolyte balance, weight, and activity, while keeping watch over diuretic/laxative use, make up important aspects of a nurses role. […] Patients also need emotional support, as they face deep pain and traumatic thoughts. Nurses can gain trust through active listening, empathy, and positive reinforcement. They can foster independence and educate patients and loved ones. […] Establishing goals to ensure the patient maintains awareness, practices healthy coping techniques, and adopts a positive body image and sense of self-worth is a priority.
#63 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/
Nurses play an essential role in identifying destructive eating patterns and providing physical and emotional care for patients from detection to recovery. The goal is to have a manageable multidisciplinary, holistic approach to care. […] Monitoring nutritional status, electrolyte balance, weight, and activity, while keeping watch over diuretic/laxative use, make up important aspects of a nurses role. […] Patients also need emotional support, as they face deep pain and traumatic thoughts. Nurses can gain trust through active listening, empathy, and positive reinforcement. They can foster independence and educate patients and loved ones. […] Establishing goals to ensure the patient maintains awareness, practices healthy coping techniques, and adopts a positive body image and sense of self-worth is a priority.
#64 Nursing Care Plan For Eating Disorder Patients – Made For Medical
https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorder-patients/
Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, are complex mental health conditions with significant physical and psychological implications. […] Document any restrictive eating behaviors, binge eating episodes, or purging behaviors (vomiting, laxative use, etc.). […] Patients with bulimia nervosa may engage in purging behaviors, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances due to vomiting or laxative use. […] Eating disorder patients may isolate themselves due to secrecy about their condition and avoidance of social events involving food. […] Patients with eating disorders may lack knowledge about healthy eating habits, positive body image, and the consequences of their behaviors. Education is crucial to support recovery. […] These nursing interventions aim to provide holistic care for eating disorder patients, addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of their condition. […] By fostering a collaborative and patient-centered approach, nurses can support individuals on their path to recovery, promoting overall well-being and a healthier relationship with food and body image.
#65 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/
Nurses play an essential role in identifying destructive eating patterns and providing physical and emotional care for patients from detection to recovery. The goal is to have a manageable multidisciplinary, holistic approach to care. […] Monitoring nutritional status, electrolyte balance, weight, and activity, while keeping watch over diuretic/laxative use, make up important aspects of a nurses role. […] Patients also need emotional support, as they face deep pain and traumatic thoughts. Nurses can gain trust through active listening, empathy, and positive reinforcement. They can foster independence and educate patients and loved ones. […] Establishing goals to ensure the patient maintains awareness, practices healthy coping techniques, and adopts a positive body image and sense of self-worth is a priority.
#66 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/
Obese clients with binge eating disorder who do not respond to psychotherapy are encouraged to participate in behavioral weight loss therapy. SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or stimulants may be prescribed for clients with binge eating disorder. […] Nurses individualize interventions based on the clients current clinical status and their phase of treatment. Interventions can be categorized based on the American Psychiatric Nursing Association (APNA) standard for Implementation that includes the Coordination of Care; Health Teaching and Health Promotion; Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies; Milieu Therapy; and Therapeutic Relationship and Counseling. […] A significant part of the recovery process includes rebuilding relationships with family. Family members or significant others often feel frustrated, powerless, and hopeless because the strategies they previously attempted, such as forcing the client to eat or begging the client to eat, were not successful. The nurse helps with this recovery process by providing education to the client and their loved ones about the illness, treatment, and meal planning. Adaptive coping skills to address disordered thoughts should be reinforced.
#67 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/
Outpatient partial hospitalization is an option for clients who have been medically stabilized. […] A significant part of the recovery process includes rebuilding relationships with family. […] Nurses refer clients and their loved ones to resources as part of discharge planning. […] Evaluation is a continuous process of reviewing a clients progress towards their individualized goals and SMART outcomes.
#68 Nursing Care Plan for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder-2?quiz-view=open
Binge-eating occurs at least once/wk for 3 months. […] Binge-eating is not associated with purging. […] Client will verbalize understanding of nutritional needs. Client will improve weight toward normal range. Client will establish more realistic body image. Client will demonstrate compliance with therapy and treatment. […] Clients with eating disorders often have accompanying depression with suicidal thoughts. Monitor for safety. […] Provide education for clients and family members regarding disease, treatment and support resources. […] Help client and family members make informed decisions and reduce stress and anxiety about treatments. Provide opportunity for continued support and therapy for optimal recovery.
#69 Nursing Care Plan for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder-2?quiz-view=open
Binge-eating occurs at least once/wk for 3 months. […] Binge-eating is not associated with purging. […] Client will verbalize understanding of nutritional needs. Client will improve weight toward normal range. Client will establish more realistic body image. Client will demonstrate compliance with therapy and treatment. […] Clients with eating disorders often have accompanying depression with suicidal thoughts. Monitor for safety. […] Provide education for clients and family members regarding disease, treatment and support resources. […] Help client and family members make informed decisions and reduce stress and anxiety about treatments. Provide opportunity for continued support and therapy for optimal recovery.
#70 Management of Binge Eating Eisorder – Women’s Healthcare
https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/continuing-education-practical-strategies-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-binge-eating-disorder/
The authors discuss the etiology of binge eating disorder (BED), as well as techniques for screening and diagnosis and recommended treatments. […] Specific goals of treatment for children and adolescents include treatment of underlying depression or anxiety, improvement of self-esteem, normalization of eating patterns, promotion of physical activity, and implementation of family therapy to address family dysfunction and engage family members in supporting the patients recovery. […] Assessment for eating disorders, including BED, should be part of a routine health evaluation. […] The American Psychiatric Association has established levels of care guidelines for patients with eating disorders, who can be difficult to treat. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy, considered a first-line therapy for BED, and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective in patients with BED. […] Binge-eating disorder is a complex, multifactorial condition that requires a comprehensive and integrated course of treatment. Nurse practitioners and other advanced practice HCPs caring for women are positioned to play important roles in patient assessment and management.
#71 (BED) Binge Eating Disorder Treatment | AlsanaÂ®
https://www.alsana.com/conditions-treated/binge-eating-disorder/
We offer Residential and PHP/IOP binge eating disorder treatment options in Alabama and California, providing flexible solutions tailored to your personal recovery. […] At Alsana, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for those struggling with binge eating disorder, focusing on whole-person healing and recovery. […] Our approach to treatment for binge eating disorder is rooted in reducing shame and fostering self-compassion. […] This evidence-based method facilitates multidimensional healing through medical, therapeutic, and nutritional care, as well as through relational and movement support. […] Treating binge eating disorder clients requires a collaborative, multi-disciplinary approach. Essential team members include: Registered dietitian with experience with eating disorders, Psychotherapist with experience with eating disorders, Medical doctor, Psychiatrist, Nurse.
#72 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Effects, and Recovery Tips
https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/binge-eating-disorder/
The Emily Program recognizes the importance of a multidisciplinary, tailored approach to healing from binge eating disorder. Those affected by binge eating behaviors often grapple with feelings of isolation accompanied by shame, self-doubt, and hopelessness. Our programs address these unique, deeply personal experiences with empathy and understanding. […] Key Components of Our Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Approach: Comprehensive Care: The Emily Program believes in the power of collective expertise. Treatment for an eating disorderâwhether anorexia, bulimia, OSFED, ARFID, or binge eatingâshould consider the whole person, including the range of complex factors related to disordered eating patterns. Expert, multidisciplinary care enables us to address every aspect of the eating disorder for lasting healing.
#73 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol
Commonly, along with achieving binge abstinence and reducing distress, weight reduction and improved metabolic health have been key outcomes in BED treatment studies and important treatment goals in clinical settings. […] The APA recommends CBT incorporated into a team approach including psychiatrists, psychologists, dietitians, and social workers; the NICE guidelines recommend CBT-based self-help therapy followed, if necessary for non-responders, by CBT adapted specifically for BED then, if needed, alternatives such as IPT or DBT. […] To improve the evidence base for treatment guidelines, further research is needed regarding the long-term efficacy of pharmacological interventions, efficacy of CAM treatments, treatment efficacy in diverse groups including ethnic minorities and children/adolescents, predictors of treatment response, harms and costs-benefit assessments of different treatments, treatment stepped-care models, and treatment efficacy in residential treatment settings, which have recently gained popularity in the U.S.
#74 Treating Binge-Eating Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/consumer
Treating Binge-Eating Disorder […] Treatment for BED usually includes talk therapy (talking with a specially trained therapist about your mood, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors). Your health care professional may also suggest a medicine for your BED in addition to talk therapy. The treatment your health care professional recommends may depend on other health conditions you have. […] Researchers found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a therapist helps improve BED. […] Researchers found that lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), topiramate (Topamax, Trokendi XR, Qudexy XR), and second-generation antidepressants help improve BED in the short term (when taken for 6 to 16 weeks). […] There are several things to think about when deciding which treatment is right for you. You may want to talk with your health care professional about: […] What treatment may be best for you […] The possible benefits and side effects of the treatment […] What side effects should I watch for? What should I do if I have any side effects?
#75 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633
Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help you learn how to exchange unhealthy habits for healthy ones and reduce binge eating. […] Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse) is a medicine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is the first medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat moderate to severe binge-eating disorder, but only in adults. […] Along with getting professional help, you can take these self-care steps as part of your treatment plan: Stay with your treatment. Don’t skip therapy sessions. If you have a meal plan, do your best to stay with it. Don’t let setbacks keep you from continuing treatment. […] If you have binge-eating disorder, you and your family may find support groups helpful for encouragement, hope and advice on coping. Support group members can understand what you’re going through because they’ve been there themselves.
#76 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More
https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder/binge-eating-disorder-medref
You can overcome that out-of-control feeling with treatment. […] It helps to have emotional support from family and friends, too. Their backing makes it easier to change the way you think about food. […] Sometimes medications such as lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) will be prescribed to suppress the desire to binge eat. […] You also need the help of a specialist, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. […] Your therapist may suggest that you include your family in counseling so they can learn about the disorder, spot sources of stress at home, and know how to support you. Family support is very important to treatment success. […] Ask your doctor or therapist about finding a support group in your area. It can help to talk to other people who know what you’re going through. […] The goal is to get healthier. It’s not about numbers on a scale or serving sizes. It’s also about how you relate to food and to your own body. […] Most importantly, be patient with yourself. People with binge eating disorder often blame themselves. As you work toward recovery, you may have setbacks. Those bumps in the road aren’t unusual as you gradually gain more control over your eating.
#77 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/
In summary, patients with BED are largely undiagnosed and untreated, which complicates the management of their medical and mental health issues. […] Although access to specialty continues to be a challenge, primary care providers have the means to start patients on their road to recovery and improve overall health outcomes and quality of life.
#78 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol
Commonly, along with achieving binge abstinence and reducing distress, weight reduction and improved metabolic health have been key outcomes in BED treatment studies and important treatment goals in clinical settings. […] The APA recommends CBT incorporated into a team approach including psychiatrists, psychologists, dietitians, and social workers; the NICE guidelines recommend CBT-based self-help therapy followed, if necessary for non-responders, by CBT adapted specifically for BED then, if needed, alternatives such as IPT or DBT. […] To improve the evidence base for treatment guidelines, further research is needed regarding the long-term efficacy of pharmacological interventions, efficacy of CAM treatments, treatment efficacy in diverse groups including ethnic minorities and children/adolescents, predictors of treatment response, harms and costs-benefit assessments of different treatments, treatment stepped-care models, and treatment efficacy in residential treatment settings, which have recently gained popularity in the U.S.
#79 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder
Inpatient treatment may be required when a person needs medical and/or psychiatric stabilisation, nutritional rehabilitation and/or more intensive treatment and support. […] If you or someone you know may be experiencing an eating disorder, accessing support and treatment is important. Early intervention is key to improved health and quality of life outcomes.
#80 Binge Eating Disorder | Behavioral and Mental Health | Mercy Health
https://www.mercy.com/health-care-services/behavioral-mental-health/conditions/binge-eating-disorder
Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a condition where you repeatedly eat big portions of food in a relatively short period of time. You do this without control over your eating. […] The earlier you start treatment for BED, the easier it can be to overcome the behaviors. Often, BED is a cycle that is similar to addiction: […] Residential or outpatient care is a common first step if your symptoms are severe. You may move into a rehab facility. There, doctors and other professionals can help you break the cycle of binge eating. […] Talk therapy is a treatment that can last for months or years. You have appointments with a trained mental health therapist. They help you work to understand the behavior and thought patterns that led you to binge eat. […] Medications are also sometimes part of a treatment plan for BED. Therapy is usually more effective in the long term.
#81 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literature
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/
Objective: Review the clinical skills needed to recognize, diagnose, and manage binge-eating disorder (BED) in a primary care setting. […] Although BED is the most prevalent eating disorder, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. […] Primary care physicians may find diagnosing and treating BED challenging because of insufficient knowledge of its new diagnostic criteria and available treatment options. […] Several short assessment tools are available to screen for BED in primary care settings. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy should focus on reducing binge-eating behavior, thereby reducing medical and psychiatric complications. […] Overcoming primary care physician- and patient-related barriers is critical to accurately diagnose and appropriately treat BED. […] Primary care physicians should take an active role in the initial recognition and assessment of suspected BED based on case-finding indicators (eg, eating habits and being overweight), the initial treatment selection, and the long-term follow-up of patients who meet DSM-5 BED diagnostic criteria.
#82 Episode 80: The Role of an Eating Disorder Nurse
https://emilyprogram.com/blog/episode-80-the-role-of-an-eating-disorder-nurse-with-stacey-brown/
On her passion for eating disorder advocacy: âWe have fought tooth and nail as a country to really provide effective treatment and coverage for people who have mental illness and eating disorders. And that is one of the things that drives me. That is not fair. That is not right. And I will stand up and advocate for people who are not treated appropriately. Thatâs what drives my passion.â […] On her advice to clinicians with lived eating disorder experience: âIf itâs your personal experience with something that is driving your passionâawesomeâ¦ That passion is going to take you a long way. And: Remember to separate yourself enough so that you are letting the client or the patient have their experience. Not your experience.â
#83 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/
The goals of treatment for a patient with an eating disorder need to be patient-centered or patient-driven, meaning that the patient and the nurse work to formulate shared goals for recovery. […] Godzik states that treatment can involve family members or a patients friends to support the patient. It is a team effort. […] Risk factors vary, making ED detection a challenge. The role as a nurse is crucial in identifying the risks and clinical presentation of EDs and managing the patient through recovery. […] Continuing education helps nurses stay up to date on EDs. By applying knowledge and nursing tips in caring for patients with ED, nurses can play a significant role in a positive patient outcome.
#84 How Nurses can Recognize Signs of an Eating Disorder
https://nursingcecentral.com/how-nurses-can-recognize-signs-of-an-eating-disorder/
Binge-eating disorder is similar to bulimia nervosa in that it occurs when people uncontrollably binge-eat. The difference is people with binge-eating disorder do not purge afterwards. People with this disorder are often overweight or obese. […] General signs to look for: Eating unusually large amounts of food in short time periods, Eating even when full or until uncomfortably full, Eating fast during binge episodes, Feeling ashamed or guilty about eating, Frequent dieting attempts. […] Assessment findings: Obesity or being overweight.
#85 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a serious mental illness. BED is characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating, which involves eating a large amount of food in a short period of time. During a binge episode, the person feels unable to stop themselves eating, and it is often linked with high levels of distress. A person with BED will not use compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting or overexercising after binge eating. […] The goals for treatment of BED are to reduce binge eating and to support the person to eat regular meals. Addressing other related emotional factors such as anxiety, depression, and self-esteem is also important. […] Access to evidence-based treatment has been shown to reduce the severity, duration and impact of BED. […] Most people can recover from an eating disorder with community-based treatment. In the community, the minimum treatment team includes a medical practitioner such as a GP and a mental health professional.
#86 (BED) Binge Eating Disorder Treatment | AlsanaÂ®
https://www.alsana.com/conditions-treated/binge-eating-disorder/
No one chooses to have BED, but you can choose not to go through it alone. Our binge eating disorder treatment team can help you take the first steps today. […] If you or a loved one is living with BED, there is hope for healing. We are here for you 24/7 (855) 915-0213 […] Understanding BED is the first step towards healing. Its a journey that goes beyond managing eating habits its about nurturing a balanced relationship with food and oneself. […] Alsanas treatment programs offer a nurturing haven for adults struggling with binge eating disorder and any co-occurring mental health challenges. Our approach is grounded in understanding and compassion, recognizing the unique journey each individual faces in their path to recovery. […] Our treatment for BED is delivered by a dedicated, multidisciplinary team of treatment professionals. This collaborative team is committed to walking alongside you, offering support and guidance at every stage of your recovery journey.
#87 What is Binge Eating Disorder? Signs, Symptoms & Treatments – The Renfrew Center
https://renfrewcenter.com/services/binge-eating-disorder/
The treatment team supports and collaborates with each client, assesses the severity of the eating disorder symptoms, and monitors progress in the recovery process. […] Early intervention and the appropriate level of care can make a significant difference in the long-term recovery of those with binge eating disorder. […] We recommend that parents educate themselves on binge eating disorder and seek guidance from professionals when possible.

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona – charakterystyka

Epidemiologia i wpływ na zdrowie

Przyczyny i czynniki ryzyka

Mechanizm epizodów objadania się

Diagnostyka bulimii nerwicowej nieograniczonej

Wyzwania diagnostyczne

Leczenie bulimii nerwicowej nieograniczonej

Psychoterapia

Farmakoterapia

Poradnictwo żywieniowe

Poziomy opieki

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z BED

Ocena stanu pacjenta

Interwencje pielęgniarskie

Wsparcie emocjonalne i edukacja

Cele opieki pielęgniarskiej

Kompleksowe podejście do leczenia

Model opieki etapowej

Znaczenie wsparcia społecznego

Wyzwania w leczeniu i perspektywy na przyszłość

Znaczenie wczesnej interwencji

Rola edukacji i świadomości społecznej

Podsumowanie

Kolejne rozdziały

Materiały źródłowe

#1 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Healthhttps://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4

#2 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#3 Binge eating disorder (BED)https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder

#4 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomyhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#5 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomyhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#6 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#7 Binge eating disorderhttps://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#8https://www.grandviewhealth.com/health-library/3

#9 Binge eating disorderhttps://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#10 Eating Disorders (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealthhttps://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eat-disorder.html

#11 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literaturehttps://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/

#12 What is Binge Eating Disorder? Signs, Symptoms & Treatments – The Renfrew Centerhttps://renfrewcenter.com/services/binge-eating-disorder/

#13 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courseshttps://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder

#14 Binge eating disorderhttps://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#15 Disordered Eating – Women Veterans Health Carehttps://www.womenshealth.va.gov/topics/disordered-eating.asp

#16 Binge eating disorderhttps://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#17 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomyhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#18 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Effects, and Recovery Tipshttps://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/binge-eating-disorder/

#19 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomyhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#20 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Resultshttps://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder

#21 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Programhttps://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#22 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Programhttps://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#23 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomyhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#24 Eating Disorders | Student Health Servicehttps://studenthealth.sa.ucsb.edu/medical-services/medical-services/eating-disorders

#25 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStaxhttps://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder

#26 Eating Disorder Treatment and Management Planshttps://nedc.com.au/eating-disorder-resources/medicare-items/ed-treatment-and-mangement-plans

#27 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStaxhttps://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder

#28 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPEhttps://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/

#29 Binge Eating Disorder | National Alliance for Eating Disordershttps://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/binge-eating-disorder/

#30 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPEhttps://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/

#31 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633

#32 Binge eating disorder – UF Healthhttps://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder

#33 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literaturehttps://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/

#34 Binge Eating Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17652-binge-eating-disorder

#35 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#36 Binge eating disorder (BED) | Better Health Channelhttps://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/binge-eating-disorder

#37 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#38 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Healthhttps://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4

#39 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#40 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#41 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#42 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633

#43 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#44 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#45 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#46 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#47 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#48 Binge eating disorder – UF Healthhttps://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder

#49https://www.fideliscare.org/Member/Helpful-Tools/Health-Resources/Eating-Disorders

#50 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#51 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Resultshttps://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder

#52 Binge eating disorder (BED)https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder

#53 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLockhttps://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

#54 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.orghttps://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/

Bulimia nerwicowa nieograniczona
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

#1 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4

#2 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#3 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder

#4 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#5 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#6 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#7 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#8
https://www.grandviewhealth.com/health-library/3

#9 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#10 Eating Disorders (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eat-disorder.html

#11 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literature
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/

#12 What is Binge Eating Disorder? Signs, Symptoms & Treatments – The Renfrew Center
https://renfrewcenter.com/services/binge-eating-disorder/

#13 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder

#14 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#15 Disordered Eating – Women Veterans Health Care
https://www.womenshealth.va.gov/topics/disordered-eating.asp

#16 Binge eating disorder
https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder

#17 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#18 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Effects, and Recovery Tips
https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/binge-eating-disorder/

#19 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#20 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Results
https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder

#21 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#22 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#23 Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2221362-overview

#24 Eating Disorders | Student Health Service
https://studenthealth.sa.ucsb.edu/medical-services/medical-services/eating-disorders

#25 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax
https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder

#26 Eating Disorder Treatment and Management Plans
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorder-resources/medicare-items/ed-treatment-and-mangement-plans

#27 20.5 Binge-Eating Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax
https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-5-binge-eating-disorder

#28 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/

#29 Binge Eating Disorder | National Alliance for Eating Disorders
https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/binge-eating-disorder/

#30 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/

#31 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633

#32 Binge eating disorder – UF Health
https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder

#33 Recognizing Binge-Eating Disorder in the Clinical Setting: A Review of the Literature
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/binge-eating-disorder-in-the-clinical-setting/

#34 Binge Eating Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17652-binge-eating-disorder

#35 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#36 Binge eating disorder (BED) | Better Health Channel
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/binge-eating-disorder

#37 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#38 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4

#39 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#40 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#41 Binge Eating Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551700/

#42 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633

#43 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#44 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#45 Eating Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0101/p22.html

#46 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#47 Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0115/p187.html

#48 Binge eating disorder – UF Health
https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/binge-eating-disorder

#49
https://www.fideliscare.org/Member/Helpful-Tools/Health-Resources/Eating-Disorders

#50 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#51 Binge Eating Disorder Treatment Plans With Proven Results
https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/treatment-of-binge-eating-disorder

#52 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder

#53 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock
https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

#54 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/

#55 Nursing Care Plan For Eating Disorder Patients – Made For Medical
https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorder-patients/

#56 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/

#57 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#58 Episode 80: The Role of an Eating Disorder Nurse
https://emilyprogram.com/blog/episode-80-the-role-of-an-eating-disorder-nurse-with-stacey-brown/

#59 Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder – Mental Health
https://leveluprn.com/blogs/psychiatric-mental-health/37-disorders-eating?srsltid=AfmBOoqFkNy1suOqg_9L5FiMu-eJ9u6gk_KreUUZZy4z_V0WCC4Ed9i4

#60 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder

#61 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/

#62 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/

#63 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/

#64 Nursing Care Plan For Eating Disorder Patients – Made For Medical
https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorder-patients/

#65 Nurse’s Guide To Caring For Patients With Eating Disorders | NurseJournal.org
https://nursejournal.org/resources/caring-for-patients-with-eating-disorders/

#66 Chapter 13 Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590029/

#67 13.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Eating Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts
https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/13-4-applying-the-nursing-process-to-eating-disorders/

#68 Nursing Care Plan for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder-2?quiz-view=open

#69 Nursing Care Plan for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses
https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder-2?quiz-view=open

#70 Management of Binge Eating Eisorder – Women’s Healthcare
https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/continuing-education-practical-strategies-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-binge-eating-disorder/

#71 (BED) Binge Eating Disorder Treatment | AlsanaÂ®
https://www.alsana.com/conditions-treated/binge-eating-disorder/

#72 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Effects, and Recovery Tips
https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/binge-eating-disorder/

#73 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#74 Treating Binge-Eating Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/consumer

#75 Binge-eating disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353633

#76 Binge Eating Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More
https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder/binge-eating-disorder-medref

#77 Binge eating disorder in primary care: Why should I screen my patients? – Lindner Center of HOPE
https://lindnercenterofhope.org/blog/binge-eating-disorder-in-primary-care-why-should-i-screen-my-patients/

#78 Management and Outcomes of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/binge-eating/research-protocol

#79 Binge eating disorder (BED)
https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/binge-eating-disorder