Ból odbytu
Etiologia i przyczyny

Ból odbytu (proctalgia) jest objawem o szerokim spektrum etiologicznym, obejmującym zarówno przyczyny miejscowe, takie jak szczelina odbytu, hemoroidy, ropień okołoodbytniczy, przetoka odbytnicza, krwiak okołoodbytniczy, zakażenia, jak i czynnościowe zespoły bólu odbytniczo-odbytowego, np. proctalgia fugax i zespół dźwigaczy odbytu. Szczelina odbytu charakteryzuje się ostrym, przeszywającym bólem podczas i po wypróżnieniu, często powstałym na tle urazu błony śluzowej przez twardy stolec, z mechanizmem patofizjologicznym obejmującym skurcz zwieracza i niedokrwienie rany. Hemoroidy zewnętrzne mogą powodować ostry ból w przebiegu zakrzepicy, natomiast hemoroidy wewnętrzne zwykle dają dyskomfort bez silnego bólu. Proctalgia fugax manifestuje się nagłymi, krótkotrwałymi (kilka sekund do minut) skurczami mięśni zwieracza odbytu, częściej u osób w wieku 30-60 lat, zwłaszcza kobiet. Neuropatyczne zespoły bólu, takie jak neuralgia nerwu sromowego, są rzadsze, ale istotne w diagnostyce różnicowej. Warto uwzględnić także choroby zapalne jelit (choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna, wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego), nowotwory odbytu i odbytnicy oraz czynniki systemowe, które mogą powodować lub nasilać ból odbytu.

  1. Przyczyny bólu odbytu
    1. Miejscowe przyczyny bólu odbytu
    2. Czynnościowe zespoły bólu odbytu
    3. Zespoły bólu neuropatycznego
    4. Choroby systemowe i inne przyczyny
  2. Patofizjologia bólu odbytu
    1. Mechanizmy bólu w szczelinie odbytu
    2. Mechanizmy bólu w hemoroidach
    3. Mechanizmy bólu w zespołach czynnościowych
    4. Mechanizmy bólu neuropatycznego
  3. Czynniki ryzyka bólu odbytu
    1. Czynniki ryzyka szczeliny odbytu
    2. Czynniki ryzyka hemoroidów
    3. Czynniki ryzyka zapalenia odbytnicy
    4. Czynniki ryzyka proctalgia fugax
  4. Związek bólu odbytu z innymi schorzeniami
    1. Choroby zapalne jelit
    2. Zespół jelita drażliwego
    3. Zaburzenia dna miednicy
    4. Schorzenia układu moczowego
    5. Schorzenia ginekologiczne
    6. Nowotwory
    7. Choroby systemowe
  5. Różne rodzaje bólu odbytu
    1. Ostry vs. przewlekły ból odbytu
    2. Charakterystyka bólu w różnych stanach
    3. Ból podczas czynności fizjologicznych
  6. Czynniki wyzwalające i nasilające ból odbytu
    1. Dieta i nawyki żywieniowe
    2. Stres i czynniki psychologiczne
    3. Czynniki fizyczne i mechaniczne
    4. Hormony i cykle fizjologiczne
    5. Współistniejące choroby i stany
  7. Przyczyny bólu odbytu związane z wiekiem
    1. Ból odbytu u niemowląt i dzieci
    2. Ból odbytu u młodych dorosłych
    3. Ból odbytu w średnim wieku
    4. Ból odbytu u osób starszych
  8. Podsumowanie przyczyn bólu odbytu
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Przyczyny bólu odbytu

Ból odbytu (łac. proctalgia) to dolegliwość, która może mieć wiele różnych przyczyn, od łagodnych i łatwych w leczeniu po poważne schorzenia wymagające specjalistycznej interwencji. Dolegliwość ta charakteryzuje się dyskomfortem lub bólem w obszarze odbytu, kanału odbytowego lub dolnej części przewodu pokarmowego. W większości przypadków ból odbytu ma przyczyny łagodne i uleczalne, jednak ze względu na bogactwo unerwienia tego obszaru, nawet niewielkie zmiany mogą powodować znaczny dyskomfort12.

Miejscowe przyczyny bólu odbytu

Miejscowe przyczyny bólu odbytu można często zidentyfikować poprzez badanie kliniczne, czasem z dodatkowymi testami diagnostycznymi. Do najczęstszych należą12:

  • Szczelina odbytu (łac. fissura ani) – małe pęknięcie lub rozdarcie błony śluzowej wyścielającej kanał odbytu. Zazwyczaj powoduje ostry, przeszywający ból podczas i po wypróżnieniu, który może utrzymywać się przez kilka godzin. Najczęstszą przyczyną szczeliny odbytu jest uraz podczas oddawania twardego lub dużego stolca11.
  • Hemoroidy (guzki krwawnicze) – powiększone, obrzęknięte naczynia żylne w odbycie lub odbytnicy. Wbrew powszechnemu przekonaniu, niepowikłane hemoroidy rzadko powodują znaczny ból, chyba że dojdzie do zakrzepicy zewnętrznego hemoroida21.
  • Ropień okołoodbytniczy – zakażona jama wypełniona ropą w tkance głębokiej wokół odbytu, często wynikająca z zatkania gruczołu odbytowego. Powoduje silny ból, obrzęk i zaczerwienienie okolicy odbytu11.
  • Przetoka odbytnicza – nieprawidłowy kanał łączący zatkany, zainfekowany gruczoł z ropniem i wychodzący na skórę w pobliżu odbytu. Często rozwija się po drenażu ropnia okołoodbytniczego11.
  • Krwiak okołoodbytniczy (perianal hematoma) – gromadzenie się krwi w tkance okołoodbytowej spowodowane pęknięciem żyły, czasami nazywane zewnętrznym hemoroidem11.
  • Zakażenia – bakteryjne, wirusowe lub grzybicze, w tym choroby przenoszone drogą płciową (STI), które mogą powodować ból odbytu11.
  • Zakrzepica hemoroida – zakrzep w hemoroidzie zewnętrznym, powodujący nagły, ostry ból11.
  • Zespół owrzodzenia odbytnicy (solitary rectal ulcer syndrome) – stan prowadzący do rozwoju owrzodzeń w odbytnicy11.
  • Zapalenie odbytnicy (proctitis) – stan zapalny błony śluzowej odbytnicy11.
  • Choroby skóry – schorzenia takie jak łuszczyca, wyprysk lub inne dermatozy mogą również obejmować obszar odbytu11.
  • Nowotwory – rak odbytu lub odbytnicy może powodować ból, który z czasem się nasila11.

Czynnościowe zespoły bólu odbytu

Jeśli staranne badanie wyklucza miejscowe przyczyny bólu odbytu, kolejną najczęstszą kategorią diagnostyczną są czynnościowe zespoły bólu odbytniczo-odbytowego. Termin „czynnościowy” oznacza, że brakuje strukturalnych lub biochemicznych przyczyn widocznych w rutynowym badaniu23.

  • Proctalgia fugax – nagły, intensywny ból odbytu spowodowany skurczami mięśni odbytowych. Ból jest krótkotrwały (od kilku sekund do kilku minut) i często ustępuje samoistnie. Występuje częściej u osób w wieku 30-60 lat i częściej dotyka kobiety. Skurcze mogą być wywołane stresem, aktywnością seksualną, zaparciami lub miesiączką111.
  • Zespół dźwigaczy odbytu (levator ani syndrome) – przewlekły ból odbytu wynikający z napięcia lub skurczów mięśni dźwigaczy prowadzących do ucisku zakończeń nerwowych. W przeciwieństwie do proctalgia fugax, ból trwa dłużej niż 30 minut, często przez kilka godzin, i ma charakter nawracający32.

Zespoły bólu neuropatycznego

Neuropatyczne zespoły bólu w przewlekłym bólu odbytu są rzadsze w porównaniu z miejscowymi i czynnościowymi zespołami odbytu1:

  • Kokscydynia (coccygodynia) – ból powstający w kości ogonowej lub wokół niej, zależny od jej położenia11.
  • Neuralgia nerwu sromowego (pudendal neuralgia) – występuje, gdy nerw sromowy jest uciskany przez powięź zasłonową w kanale Alcocka. Powoduje ból w obszarze odbytu i narządów płciowych11.
  • Zespół fantomowej odbytnicy – możliwa diagnoza, gdy wykluczono organiczne źródło bólu, takie jak przepuklina kroczowa lub zakażenie miednicy po proktektomii1.
  • Zaburzenie napadowych ekstremalnych bólów – zaburzenie genetyczne spowodowane mutacją w genie SCN9A1.

Choroby systemowe i inne przyczyny

Ból odbytu może być również objawem innych chorób systemowych lub wynikać z różnych czynników11:

  • Choroby zapalne jelit – choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna i wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego mogą powodować zapalenie i ból w całym przewodzie pokarmowym, w tym w odbycie11.
  • Zaparcia – przewlekłe zaparcia mogą prowadzić do zatkania kałem (fecal impaction), czyli nagromadzenia twardego stolca w odbytnicy, co może powodować ból11.
  • Biegunka – częste luźne stolce mogą podrażniać delikatną tkankę odbytu, powodując ból1.
  • Wypadanie odbytnicy (rectal prolapse) – występuje, gdy ciało traci przytwierdzenia utrzymujące odbytnicę na miejscu w przewodzie pokarmowym11.
  • Uraz – może wynikać z aktywności seksualnej analnej, upadku lub innych urazów fizycznych11.
  • Endometrioza – gdy tkanka podobna do wyścielającej macicę rośnie w nieprawidłowych lokalizacjach, takich jak jelita, powodując ból odbytu11.
  • Zapalenie gruczołu krokowego (prostatitis) – może powodować ból podczas oddawania moczu oraz dyskomfort w odbycie1.
  • Świąd odbytu (pruritus ani) – może być spowodowany prostymi czynnikami, takimi jak zmiana detergentów do prania, stres, agresywne wycieranie lub stosowanie nowego mydła do ciała lub perfum1.

Patofizjologia bólu odbytu

Ból odbytu może mieć złożoną patofizjologię, z różnymi mechanizmami przyczyniającymi się do jego wystąpienia w zależności od podstawowej przyczyny12.

Mechanizmy bólu w szczelinie odbytu

W przypadku szczeliny odbytu ból jest wynikiem urazu delikatnej błony śluzowej wyścielającej kanał odbytu. Szczelina najczęściej występuje z powodu uszkodzenia wyściółki odbytu lub kanału odbytowego, ostatniej części jelita grubego. Większość przypadków pojawia się u osób cierpiących na zaparcia, gdy szczególnie twardy lub duży stolec rozdziera wyściółkę kanału odbytowego1. Ten początkowy uraz tkanki powoduje silny ból odbytu, co prowadzi do wtórnego skurczu zwieracza i następczego wzrostu ciśnienia mięśnia zwieracza odbytu. Wzrost ciśnienia mięśnia zwieracza odbytu powoduje zmniejszenie przepływu krwi do miejsca urazu, co utrudnia gojenie rany1. Ten mechanizm tworzy błędne koło, gdzie ból wywołuje skurcz, który z kolei pogarsza gojenie i nasila ból1.

Mechanizmy bólu w hemoroidach

Ból związany z hemoroidami wynika głównie z powikłań, takich jak zakrzepica. Zakrzepica hemoroida zewnętrznego występuje, gdy tworzy się skrzep krwi w żyle zewnętrznej, co powoduje nagły i silny ból odbytu, który sprawia, że niemożliwe jest siedzenie1. Hemoroidy wewnętrzne, które znajdują się wewnątrz odbytnicy, zazwyczaj nie powodują bólu, ale mogą wypadać przez odbyt, jeśli są wystarczająco duże, powodując dyskomfort1.

Mechanizmy bólu w zespołach czynnościowych

W przypadku proctalgia fugax i zespołu dźwigaczy odbytu, ból jest spowodowany skurczami mięśni. Dokładna przyczyna tych skurczów nie jest w pełni zrozumiała, ale mogą one być związane z następującymi czynnikami11:

  • Skurcze mięśni zwieracza odbytu lub innych mięśni dna miednicy
  • Problemy z nerwami, takie jak uszkodzenie nerwu sromowego (pudendal neuralgia)
  • Stres i niepokój
  • Zespół jelita drażliwego (IBS)
  • Czynniki hormonalne

Proctalgia fugax charakteryzuje się nagłym pojawieniem się silnego bólu w obszarze odbytniczym, który może trwać od kilku sekund do kilku minut. Ból jest sporadyczny, może pojawić się bez ostrzeżenia i występuje z powodu skurczów mięśni w kanale odbytowym1. Z kolei zespół dźwigaczy odbytu powoduje przewlekły ból odbytu wynikający z napięcia lub skurczów mięśni dźwigaczy prowadzących do ucisku zakończeń nerwowych i bólu poprzez obwodowe uwrażliwienie3.

Mechanizmy bólu neuropatycznego

Neuralgia nerwu sromowego występuje, gdy nerw sromowy jest uciskany przez powięź zasłonową, gdy tworzy kanał Alcocka1. Ten ucisk może powodować ból w okolicy odbytu, krocza i narządów płciowych. Może być wywołany przez długotrwałe siedzenie, aktywność fizyczną obciążającą okolice miednicy (siedzenie, jazda konna, jazda na rowerze), ciężkie zaparcia, uszkodzenie okolicy miednicy (złamane kości, operacje miednicy/biodra/pleców), uszkodzenie nerwu sromowego podczas porodu lub nowotwór złośliwy na/wokół nerwu sromowego1.

Czynniki ryzyka bólu odbytu

Różne czynniki mogą zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia bólu odbytu, w zależności od konkretnej przyczyny11:

Czynniki ryzyka szczeliny odbytu

  • Zaparcia – napinanie się podczas wypróżnień i oddawanie twardych stolców zwiększa ryzyko rozdarcia1.
  • Poród – szczeliny odbytu są częstsze u kobiet po porodzie1.
  • Choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna – to zapalna choroba jelit powodująca przewlekłe zapalenie przewodu pokarmowego, co może sprawić, że wyściółka kanału odbytowego jest bardziej podatna na rozdarcie1.
  • Stosunek analny – może powodować urazy odbytu1.
  • Wiek – szczeliny odbytu mogą wystąpić w każdym wieku, ale są częstsze u niemowląt i osób w średnim wieku1.
  • Nietypowo napięte mięśnie zwieracza odbytu – mogą zwiększyć napięcie w kanale odbytowym, sprawiając, że jest bardziej podatny na rozdarcie1.

Czynniki ryzyka hemoroidów

  • Długotrwałe siedzenie – zwłaszcza na twardej powierzchni, może powodować nadmierny nacisk na żyły w odbytnicy1.
  • Napinanie się podczas wypróżnień – często związane z zaparciami1.
  • Ciąża – zwiększony ucisk w obszarze miednicy1.
  • Otyłość – zwiększa ciśnienie w żyłach miednicy1.
  • Przewlekła biegunka lub zaparcia – mogą powodować napinanie się1.

Czynniki ryzyka zapalenia odbytnicy

  • Ryzykowne praktyki seksualne – takie jak seks analny, mogą zwiększać ryzyko infekcji przenoszonych drogą płciową, które mogą powodować zapalenie odbytnicy1.
  • Choroby autoimmunologiczne – w tym zapalne choroby jelit, takie jak wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego lub choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna1.
  • Radioterapia – stosowana w leczeniu nowotworów miednicy, prostaty lub odbytnicy1.

Czynniki ryzyka proctalgia fugax

  • Stres – może wywołać skurcze mięśni1.
  • Aktywność seksualna – może być czynnikiem wyzwalającym1.
  • Zaparcia – mogą prowadzić do skurczów1.
  • Miesiączkowanie – zmiany hormonalne mogą wpływać na skurcze mięśni1.
  • Zespół jelita drażliwego (IBS) – osoby z IBS mogą być bardziej podatne na proctalgia fugax1.
  • Zaburzenia lękowe – mogą być powiązane z występowaniem proctalgia fugax1.

Związek bólu odbytu z innymi schorzeniami

Ból odbytu może być powiązany z różnymi schorzeniami, które mogą współistnieć lub przyczyniać się do jego występowania21.

Choroby zapalne jelit

Choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna i wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego to dwa główne typy zapalnych chorób jelit (IBD), które mogą powodować zapalenie w odbytnicy i prowadzić do bólu odbytu11. W chorobie Leśniowskiego-Crohna zapalenie może występować w dowolnym miejscu przewodu pokarmowego, od jamy ustnej do odbytu, podczas gdy wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego wpływa głównie na jelito grube i odbytnicę1. Osoby z IBD mogą doświadczać bólu odbytu z powodu zapalenia, owrzodzeń, przetok lub ropni w tym obszarze1.

Zespół jelita drażliwego

Zespół jelita drażliwego (IBS) jest funkcjonalnym zaburzeniem jelit, które może współistnieć z bólem odbytu1. Objawy IBS, takie jak zaparcia, biegunka i wzdęcia, mogą przyczyniać się do dyskomfortu w obszarze odbytu. Ponadto, proctalgia fugax może być bardziej powszechna u osób z IBS1.

Zaburzenia dna miednicy

Dysfunkcje mięśni dna miednicy mogą przyczyniać się do bólu odbytu. Osoby z zaburzeniami dna miednicy są bardziej narażone na szczeliny i hemoroidy z powodu problemów z zaparciami, które mogą wynikać ze skurczów i kurczów1. Mięśnie dna miednicy, które nie mogą się w pełni rozluźnić, mogą utrudniać wypróżnienia i powodować ból1.

Schorzenia układu moczowego

Problemy z układem moczowym, takie jak zapalenie gruczołu krokowego (prostatitis), mogą również powodować ból odbytu11. Zapalenie gruczołu krokowego występuje, gdy bakterie z dróg moczowych lub odbytnicy docierają do prostaty i może powodować ból podczas oddawania moczu oraz ból lub ucisk w odbytnicy1.

Schorzenia ginekologiczne

U kobiet, schorzenia ginekologiczne, takie jak endometrioza, mogą przyczyniać się do bólu odbytu1. Endometrioza to stan, w którym tkanka podobna do wyściełającej macicę rośnie poza macicą. Gdy endometrioza obejmuje jelito lub znajduje się w pobliżu odbytnicy, może powodować ból odbytu u kobiet1. Ponadto, duże mięśniaki macicy mogą powodować ból odbytu, uciskając na odbytnicę1.

Nowotwory

Rak odbytu lub odbytnicy może powodować ból odbytu, choć nowotwory te są względnie rzadkie w porównaniu do innych form raka11. Rak odbytu może powodować krwawienie, guzek i zmiany w zwyczajach wypróżniania, a także ból, który z czasem narasta1. Ważne jest, aby zauważyć, że ból może być objawem raka odbytu, ale ponieważ jest to również powszechny objaw bardziej łagodnych stanów, ponad połowa pacjentów z rakiem odbytu myli wczesne stadia z hemoroidami, opóźniając leczenie1.

Choroby systemowe

Różne choroby systemowe mogą wpływać na obszar odbytu i powodować ból. Na przykład, cukrzyca może zwiększać podatność na infekcje i opóźniać gojenie urazów w okolicy odbytu. Inne choroby autoimmunologiczne, oprócz IBD, mogą również wpływać na odbyt i powodować ból1.

Różne rodzaje bólu odbytu

Charakter i cechy bólu odbytu mogą różnić się w zależności od podstawowej przyczyny. Zrozumienie tych różnic może pomóc w diagnozie i odpowiednim leczeniu1.

Ostry vs. przewlekły ból odbytu

Ostry ból odbytu pojawia się nagle i zazwyczaj trwa krótko, od kilku minut do kilku dni. Może być spowodowany przez przejściowe czynniki, takie jak uraz podczas wypróżniania, zakażenie lub zakrzepica hemoroida zewnętrznego. Przykłady ostrych przyczyn bólu odbytu obejmują szczeliny odbytu, zakrzepicę hemoroida i ropień okołoodbytniczy11.

Przewlekły ból odbytu trwa dłużej, często przez tygodnie, miesiące lub nawet lata. Może być ciągły lub nawracający i może być związany z długotrwałymi schorzeniami, takimi jak przewlekłe szczeliny odbytu, zapalenie odbytnicy, choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna, wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego lub zaburzenia funkcjonalne, takie jak zespół dźwigaczy odbytu1.

Charakterystyka bólu w różnych stanach

Różne stany mogą powodować różne rodzaje bólu odbytu, z charakterystycznymi objawami, które mogą pomóc w diagnozie11:

  • Ból przy szczelinie odbytu – ostry, piekący ból podczas wypróżniania, często opisywany jako cięcie ostrym szkłem. Ból jest najbardziej intensywny podczas wypróżniania i zwykle utrzymuje się przez godzinę lub więcej po wypróżnieniu1.
  • Ból przy hemoroidach – niepowikłane hemoroidy zazwyczaj powodują łagodny lub umiarkowany dyskomfort. Jednak zakrzepica hemoroida zewnętrznego może prowadzić do nagłego, silnego bólu1.
  • Ból przy ropniu okołoodbytniczym – intensywny, pulsujący ból, często z gorączką i obrzękiem w okolicy odbytu1.
  • Ból przy proctalgia fugax – nagły, ostry, spazmatyczny ból w odbycie lub odbytnicy, który pojawia się nagle i trwa od kilku sekund do kilku minut1.
  • Ból przy zespole dźwigaczy odbytu – stały lub długotrwały ból lub uczucie ucisku w odbycie i wokół niego, który pogarsza się podczas siedzenia i wpływa na jakość życia1.
  • Ból przy zapaleniu odbytnicy – bolesność, dyskomfort i możliwe krwawienie podczas wypróżniania1.
  • Ból przy neuralgia nerwu sromowego – palący, dokuczliwy lub strzelający ból w obszarach analnych i genitalnych1.
  • Ból przy raku odbytu – może być ciągły i pogarszać się podczas wypróżniania; inne objawy obejmują krew zmieszaną ze stolcem lub na bieliźnie1.

Ból podczas czynności fizjologicznych

Ból odbytu może być szczególnie dotkliwy podczas pewnych czynności fizjologicznych1:

  • Ból podczas wypróżniania – może występować w przypadku szczelin odbytu, hemoroidów, zapalenia odbytnicy lub innych stanów zapalnych1.
  • Ból po wypróżnianiu – może utrzymywać się przez minuty lub godziny po wypróżnieniu, szczególnie w przypadku szczelin odbytu1.
  • Ból podczas siedzenia – może być spowodowany hemoroidami zewnętrznymi, ropniem lub innymi stanami powodującymi obrzęk lub ucisk w okolicy odbytu1.
  • Ból podczas aktywności seksualnej – może wynikać z urazu, infekcji lub stanów takich jak proctalgia fugax1.

Czynniki wyzwalające i nasilające ból odbytu

Różne czynniki mogą wyzwalać lub nasilać ból odbytu, w zależności od podstawowej przyczyny11.

Dieta i nawyki żywieniowe

Dieta może mieć znaczący wpływ na ból odbytu, szczególnie u osób ze skłonnością do zaparć lub biegunki1:

  • Niska zawartość błonnika – może prowadzić do zaparć i twardych stolców, zwiększając ryzyko szczelin odbytu i hemoroidów1.
  • Pikantne potrawy – mogą podrażniać przewód pokarmowy i nasilać objawy u osób z istniejącymi schorzeniami, takimi jak hemoroidy lub szczeliny1.
  • Alkohol i kofeina – mogą powodować biegunkę u niektórych osób, co może nasilać ból odbytu1.
  • Niewystarczające nawodnienie – może przyczyniać się do zaparć i twardych stolców1.

Stres i czynniki psychologiczne

Stres i problemy psychologiczne mogą nasilać objawy bólu odbytu, szczególnie w przypadku czynnościowych zespołów bólu odbytu11:

  • Stres przewlekły – może przyczyniać się do napięcia mięśni, w tym mięśni dna miednicy, co może prowadzić do skurczów i bólu1.
  • Lęk – zarówno zaburzenia lękowe, jak i lęk związany specyficznie z wypróżnianiem lub bólem odbytu, mogą nasilać objawy1.
  • Depresja – może wpływać na percepcję bólu i zdolność radzenia sobie z przewlekłymi objawami1.

Czynniki fizyczne i mechaniczne

Różne czynniki fizyczne i mechaniczne mogą wyzwalać lub nasilać ból odbytu11:

  • Długotrwałe siedzenie – szczególnie na twardych powierzchniach, może powodować ucisk na nerwy i mięśnie odbytnicze1.
  • Aktywność seksualna analna – bez odpowiedniego nawilżenia może prowadzić do urazów i bólu1.
  • Ciężkie podnoszenie – może zwiększać ciśnienie wewnątrzbrzuszne i nasilać hemoroidy1.
  • Poród – może powodować urazy obszaru odbytu i zwiększać ryzyko hemoroidów i szczelin1.
  • Zaparcia – napinanie się podczas wypróżnień i oddawanie twardych stolców mogą powodować szczeliny i nasilać hemoroidy1.
  • Biegunka – częste, wodniste stolce mogą podrażniać skórę wokół odbytu i nasilać ból1.

Hormony i cykle fizjologiczne

Zmiany hormonalne i cykle fizjologiczne mogą wpływać na ból odbytu u niektórych osób21:

  • Cykl menstruacyjny – niektóre kobiety mogą doświadczać nasilenia bólu odbytu podczas miesiączki, szczególnie w przypadku endometriozy lub proctalgia fugax11.
  • Ciąża – zmiany hormonalne i zwiększony ucisk na miednicę mogą nasilać hemoroidy i inne stany powodujące ból odbytu1.
  • Menopauza – zmiany hormonalne mogą wpływać na elastyczność tkanek i nawilżenie, potencjalnie wpływając na ból odbytu1.

Współistniejące choroby i stany

Niektóre choroby i stany mogą współistnieć z bólem odbytu lub przyczyniać się do jego nasilenia1:

  • Zespół jelita drażliwego (IBS) – może powodować zmiany w nawykach wypróżniania, co może nasilać ból odbytu1.
  • Choroby zapalne jelit (IBD) – mogą powodować zapalenie w odbytnicy i odbycie, przyczyniając się do bólu1.
  • Zaburzenia dna miednicy – mogą powodować napięcie mięśni i skurcze w okolicy odbytu1.
  • Infekcje – zarówno miejscowe, jak i ogólnoustrojowe, mogą wpływać na obszar odbytu i powodować ból1.
  • Rwa kulszowa – może powodować ból odbytu i ucisk1.

Przyczyny bólu odbytu związane z wiekiem

Przyczyny bólu odbytu mogą się różnić w zależności od wieku osoby, z pewnymi problemami bardziej powszechnymi w określonych grupach wiekowych11.

Ból odbytu u niemowląt i dzieci

U niemowląt i małych dzieci, ból odbytu może być spowodowany następującymi czynnikami11:

  • Biegunka lub zaparcia – mogą powodować podrażnienie i ból w okolicy odbytu1.
  • Szczeliny odbytu – mogą wystąpić z powodu twardych stolców lub zaparć, które są częste u dzieci1.
  • Drapanie – w reakcji na infekcję pasożytniczą, taką jak owsiki, może prowadzić do podrażnienia i bólu1.
  • Zapalenie odbytnicy – u niemowląt może rozwinąć się po karmieniu mlekiem krowim lub preparatami na bazie soi. Niemowlęta karmione piersią mogą również rozwinąć zapalenie odbytnicy z powodu produktów mlecznych zjedzonych przez matkę1.
  • Eozynofilowe zapalenie odbytnicy – forma zapalenia odbytnicy, która może wystąpić u dzieci poniżej drugiego roku życia, spowodowana nagromadzeniem białych krwinek w wyściółce odbytnicy1.

Ból odbytu u młodych dorosłych

U młodych dorosłych, ból odbytu może być związany z12:

  • Szczeliny odbytu – szczególnie częste u osób w wieku 20-40 lat, często związane z zaparciami, biegunką lub urazami1.
  • Infekcje przenoszone drogą płciową (STI) – mogą powodować zapalenie odbytnicy i ból, zwłaszcza u osób praktykujących seks analny1.
  • Zapalenie odbytnicy – może być spowodowane przez STI takie jak rzeżączka, kiła, opryszczka i syfilis2.
  • Choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna i wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego – często diagnozowane u młodych dorosłych, mogą powodować zapalenie i ból w obszarze odbytu1.
  • Proctalgia fugax – wpływa głównie na osoby w wieku 30-60 lat i jest bardziej powszechna wśród kobiet1.

Ból odbytu w średnim wieku

W średnim wieku, ból odbytu może być spowodowany21:

  • Hemoroidy – powszechniejsze z wiekiem, zwłaszcza u osób siedzących przez długi czas lub mających przewlekłe zaparcia1.
  • Szczeliny odbytu – choć mogą występować w każdym wieku, są powszechne w średnim wieku, często z powodu zaparć1.
  • Ropnie i przetoki odbytnicze – mogą rozwinąć się z zatkanych gruczołów odbytowych i powodować znaczny ból1.
  • Zespół dźwigaczy odbytu i proctalgia fugax – mogą wpływać na dorosłych w średnim wieku, często z niewiadomej przyczyny2.
  • Zaburzenia dna miednicy – mogą rozwinąć się z wiekiem, prowadząc do problemów z zaparciami i bólu odbytu1.

Ból odbytu u osób starszych

U osób starszych, ból odbytu może być związany z11:

  • Przewlekłe zaparcia – powszechniejsze u osób starszych, mogą prowadzić do szczelin, hemoroidów i bólu odbytu1.
  • Zatkanie kałem – stan, gdy twardy, suchy stolec gromadzi się w odbytnicy i nie może być wypróżniony, powszechny u osób starszych z ograniczoną mobilnością1.
  • Wypadanie odbytnicy – stan, gdy część lub cała odbytnica wypada przez otwór odbytu, zwykle występuje u osób starszych1.
  • Zaniki tkanek odbytnicy – tkanki skórne i mięśniowe tworzące odbytnicę stają się słabsze z wiekiem, co może prowadzić do różnych problemów, w tym hemoroidów i wypadania odbytnicy1.
  • Nowotwory – rak odbytu i odbytnicy, choć rzadki, jest bardziej powszechny w starszym wieku i może powodować ból odbytu1.

Podsumowanie przyczyn bólu odbytu

Ból odbytu może wynikać z wielu różnych przyczyn, od łagodnych i łatwych w leczeniu po poważne schorzenia wymagające specjalistycznej interwencji medycznej. Zrozumienie podstawowej przyczyny bólu jest kluczowe dla skutecznego leczenia. Chociaż najczęstszymi przyczynami są szczeliny odbytu, hemoroidy, infekcje i czynnościowe zespoły bólu odbytniczo-odbytowego, ważne jest, aby nie ignorować utrzymujących się lub nasilających się objawów, które mogą wskazywać na poważniejsze schorzenia, takie jak nowotwory czy choroby zapalne jelit11.

Biorąc pod uwagę złożoność i różnorodność przyczyn bólu odbytu, zaleca się konsultację z lekarzem w przypadku utrzymujących się lub nasilających się objawów. Lekarz może przeprowadzić dokładne badanie, zalecić odpowiednie testy diagnostyczne i zaproponować skuteczne leczenie dostosowane do konkretnej przyczyny bólu11.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 15.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1
    https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-pain
    Anal pain can occur before, during, or after a bowel movement. It can range from a mild ache that can get worse over time to pain that is bad enough to restrict daily activities. Anal pain has many causes, most of which are common and treatable. […] An anal fissure (also called fissure-in-ano) is a small rip or tear in the lining of the anal canal. Fissures are common, but are often confused with other anal conditions, such as hemorrhoids. […] An abscess is an infected cavity filled with pus near the anus or rectum. In most cases, an abscess is treated by draining it surgically. A fistula is a tunnel that forms under the skin, connecting the clogged, infected glands to the abscess and out to the skin near the anus. […] Patients with fungal infections or infections caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may have mild to severe anal or rectal pain. […] Skin disorders that affect other parts of the body (e.g. psoriasis, warts) may also affect skin around the anus. […] While most cases of anal pain are not cancer, tumors can cause bleeding, a mass, and changes in bowel habits, as well as pain that gets worse over time.
  • #1 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336
    Chronic anal pain is difficult to diagnose and treat, especially with no obvious anorectal cause apparent on clinical examination. This review identifies 3 main diagnostic categories for chronic anal pain: local causes, functional anorectal pain, and neuropathic pain syndromes. Conditions covered within these categories include proctalgia fugax, levator ani syndrome, pudendal neuralgia, and coccygodynia. The signs, symptoms, relevant diagnostic tests, and main treatments for each condition are reviewed. […] Local causes of chronic anal pain can be identified by clinical examination based on index of suspicion and with or without adjunctive diagnostic testing. […] Functional anorectal pain syndromes can be subdivided into 3 diagnoses with management individualized for each, albeit with a limited evidence base.
  • #1 Anal fissure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-fissure/symptoms-causes/syc-20351424
    An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue that lines the anus. Common causes of an anal fissure include constipation and straining or passing hard or large stools during a bowel movement. […] Common causes of anal fissures include: Passing large or hard stools. Constipation and straining during bowel movements. Long-lasting diarrhea. Anal intercourse. Childbirth. […] Less common causes of anal fissures include: Crohn’s disease or another inflammatory bowel disease. Anal cancer. HIV. Tuberculosis. Syphilis. […] Factors that may increase the risk of developing an anal fissure include: Constipation. Straining during bowel movements and passing hard stools increase the risk of tearing. Childbirth. Anal fissures are more common in women after they give birth. Crohn’s disease. This inflammatory bowel disease causes chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. This may make the lining of the anal canal more vulnerable to tearing. Anal intercourse. Age. Anal fissures can occur at any age, but are more common in infants and middle-aged adults.
  • #1 Rectal (Anal) Pain: Causes and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/rectal-pain-causes-2328384
    Rectal pain is common and has many possible causes, including hemorrhoids, fecal impaction, inflammatory bowel disease, and proctitis (inflammation of the rectums lining). […] Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of anal pain when sitting. […] An anal fissure is a small tear in the skin at the opening of the anus. […] Fecal impaction occurs when hard, dry stool gets lodged in the rectum. […] People with levator ani syndrome experience chronic rectal pain due to spasms of the pelvic floor (levator) muscles. […] Proctalgia fugax is a condition that is similar to levator ani syndrome in that it can cause spasms in the pelvic floor muscles. […] An anal fistula is an abnormal connection that forms between the anal canal and the skin of your buttocks. […] A perianal hematoma is a collection of blood that develops around the anus.
  • #1 Anal Pain Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare
    https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/anal-pain/
    Anal pain is often caused by a minor condition and often goes away on its own. […] Anal pain causes include: Anal abscess a painful swelling containing infected liquid (pus) with swelling and redness, which is caused by an infection in or around your anus; treatments include: Antibiotics if the abscess is caught early. […] Anal fissure a tear in the skin tissue that lines the opening of your bottom, which usually heals on its own after a few weeks and causes sharp, severe anal pain after a bowel movement or a burning pain that lasts for several hours after a bowel movement, as well as bleeding from your back passage; treatments include: Drinking more fluids, eating a diet high in fibre and taking laxatives anal fissures can be caused by passing a large or hard stool; these approaches will soften your stools.
  • #1 Anal Pain: What It Is, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/anal-pain
    Anal pain is a common condition with many possible causes. Most aren’t serious, but some may require treatment. […] Some of the most common causes of anal pain include: Hemorrhoids, swollen blood vessels inside your anus or rectum. […] Infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fungal infections. […] Perianal abscess caused by an infected anal gland. […] Anal fissures, small tears in your anal lining. […] Trauma, from straining to pass hard poops or from anal penetration. […] Pudendal neuralgia, a condition that affects your pudendal nerve. It’s responsible for sensation in your anal and genital areas. […] Some of the less common causes of anal pain include: Anal fistula, a tunnel that develops when an anal abscess erodes through your skin. […] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in your rectum, like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. […] Rectal ulcers, due to IBD or solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. […] Levator ani syndrome or proctalgia fugax, conditions that cause anal muscle spasms. […] Cancer in your anus or in your rectum. […] Anal pruritus, a skin condition that can cause intense itching.
  • #1 Anal Pain Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare
    https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/anal-pain/
    Anal fistula an infected tunnel that develops between your anus and your rectum that develops from an anal abscess and causes throbbing, constant pain, swelling and itchy skin around your anus, bleeding from your anus and a high temperature (fever); treatment almost always involves anal fistula surgery. […] Occasionally, other anal pain causes include: A urinary tract problem, Anal sex, Coccydynia a painful tail bone, Digestive system symptoms and conditions this includes constipation, Crohns disease and diarrhoea, Infections this includes: Fungal infections, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) this includes anogenital warts, which you may see or feel as bumps around your anus, and herpes, which causes anal pain with blisters or a blistery rash. […] Some rare cancers eg cancer of the anus or rectum anal pain is usually constant and worse when you have a bowel movement; other symptoms include blood mixed with your stools or on your underwear.
  • #1 Anal pain
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050918
    Perianal abscess (pus in the deep tissue around the anus) […] Perianal hematoma (a collection of blood in the perianal tissue caused by a ruptured vein, sometimes called an external hemorrhoid) […] Proctalgia fugax (fleeting pain due to rectal muscle spasm) […] Proctitis (inflammation of the lining of the rectum) […] Pudendal neuralgia, a nerve condition that causes extreme pain in the anal and pelvic area. […] Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (ulcer of the rectum) […] Tailbone pain, also known as coccydynia or coccygodynia […] Thrombosed hemorrhoid (blood clot in a hemorrhoid) […] Trauma […] Ulcerative colitis a disease that causes ulcers and swelling called inflammation in the lining of the large intestine. […] Ulcerative proctitis (a type of inflammatory bowel disease)
  • #1 Rectal (Anal) Pain: Causes and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-pain
    Anal fissures are small tears in the thin tissue that lines the opening of the rectum. […] Proctalgia fugax is rectal pain caused by muscle spasms in the rectal muscles. […] Some abscesses around the anus develop into fistulas, or small tunnels that connect the infected gland to an opening in the anus skin. […] A perianal hematoma occurs when a collection of blood drains into the tissues around the anal opening. […] Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a condition that leads to the development of ulcers in the rectum. […] Occasionally, a blood clot can develop in an external hemorrhoid. This is known as thrombosis. […] Tenesmus is rectal pain caused by cramping. […] IBD is a group of intestinal disorders that can cause inflammation, pain, and bleeding in the digestive tract, including the rectum.
  • #1 Rectal (anal) pain: Causes, treatment, and more
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326085
    Rectal pain can result from injury, inflammation, or infections that affect the rectum or anus. Hemorrhoids, prostatitis, and endometriosis are among many possible causes. Treatment depends on the cause. […] There are many possible causes of rectal pain, so it is important for people to contact a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment. […] The following section provides some suggestions of potential causes of rectal pain in particular scenarios, but it is best for a person to seek a doctors opinion on the causes of rectal pain. […] According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain or aches when sitting. […] A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is a blood clot in an external hemorrhoid.
  • #1 Rectal (anal) pain: Causes, treatment, and more
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326085
    According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can cause pain when people walk, sit, or have a bowel movement. […] Prostatitis occurs when the bacteria from the urinary tract or rectum reach the prostate. The condition may cause pain when urinating, along with rectal pain or pressure. […] Levator syndrome (LS) is a condition that causes episodic pain in the rectum or bony structures at the base of the spine. […] Proctalgia fugax (PF) is sudden and intense pain in the rectum that can last for several minutes at a time. […] Rectal prolapse can cause pressure and pain in the rectum or anus. […] In certain cases, severe pain can be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as endometriosis. […] Anal fissures can cause sharp pain, which may begin with a bowel movement and can continue for a few minutes to hours. […] Other medical conditions that can cause rectal pain include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • #1 Rectal (Anal) Pain: Causes and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-pain
    Proctitis causes inflammation in the lining of the rectum. […] If bacteria, fecal matter, or foreign matter get into the cavities, they can become infected and fill with pus. […] Fecal impaction is a common GI problem that can lead to rectal pain. […] Rectal prolapse occurs when your body loses the attachments that hold the rectum in place in your GI tract. […] Levator syndrome (levator ani syndrome) is a condition that causes aching or pain in and around the anus.
  • #1 Proctitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001139.htm
    Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum. It can cause discomfort, bleeding, and the discharge of mucus or pus. […] There are many causes of proctitis. They can be grouped as follows: Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune disease, Harmful substances, Non-sexually transmitted infection, Sexually transmitted disease (STD). […] Proctitis caused by an STD is common in people who have anal intercourse. STDs that can cause proctitis include gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia, and lymphogranuloma venereum. […] Autoimmune proctitis is linked to diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease. […] Proctitis may also be caused by some medicines, radiotherapy to prostate or pelvis or inserting harmful substances into the rectum. […] Risk factors include: Autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, High-risk sexual practices, such as anal sex.
  • #1 Common Causes of Anal Pain: Colon and Rectal Surgeons of Greater Hartford: Colon and Rectal Surgeons
    https://www.crsgh.com/blog/common-causes-of-anal-pain
    You probably dont spend a lot of time thinking about your anus. But when you develop anal pain, your anus may be the only thing on your mind. Why do you have anal pain, and when should you see a doctor for treatment? […] When you have anal pain, it could actually originate anywhere within the perianal area, which includes your anus, anal canal, and rectum. Your perianal area contains numerous nerve endings, which can easily become irritated and inflamed. The tissues in that area can also tear or ulcerate, which may cause bleeding. […] Most of the time, anal pain is caused by benign not malignant conditions. […] Below are a few of the most common causes of anal pain. […] Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in your anus or rectum. […] Conditions that affect other areas of your skin, such as psoriasis, can also affect your anal skin.
  • #1 Symptoms of anal cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/anal-cancer/symptoms
    Bleeding is the most common symptom of anal cancer. Other common symptoms are anal pain and feeling like there is a lump in your anus. […] You might have pain in or around your anus. Or you might get pain when you have a poo. […] Pain can be a symptom of haemorrhoids. These are much more common than anal cancer. […] Many anal cancers are linked to lifestyle or other risk factors. Having these risk factors does not mean that you will definitely develop cancer.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
    https://www.health.com/rectal-pain-7557339
    The rectum is the second to last part of your large intestine. It is the section right before your anus. Pain in the rectum is a common symptom that has a wide range of underlying causes. Some people experience rectal pain as a mild annoyance. For others, the pain might be severe or frequent enough that it negatively impacts their quality of life. […] Because some causes of rectal pain can lead to further health complications if not treated, figuring out what’s causing your pain is key. Once it’s determined what’s causing the pain, you can then find the best ways to reduce or cope with the discomfort. […] There are many different causes of rectal pain. The cause can dictate how often you feel the pain and how long the pain lasts. […] One common form of rectal pain is called proctalgia fugax. The condition is estimated to affect between 8-18% of people. If you experience proctalgia fugax, you will have mild to severe bursts of pain that come and go very quickly (between a few seconds to a few minutes) around the anus and lower rectum.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
    https://www.health.com/rectal-pain-7557339
    Proctalgia fugax mainly affects people between 30 and 60 years old and is more common among women. Researchers haven’t determined a cause, but it’s largely believed that a spasm of the anal sphincter contributes to it. […] Levator ani syndrome is similar to proctalgia fugax in that they are thought to come from muscle spasms. However, the pain from levator ani syndrome lasts longer than 30 minutes, often for hours, and is chronic or recurrent. […] Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum that is associated with pain in the rectum or anus, collectively known as anorectal pain. There are several reasons why you may develop proctitis and the rectal pain because of it: […] Several types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to proctitis. Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, and syphilis are a few of the STIs that can cause proctitis and its rectal pain.
  • #1 Proctalgia Fugax: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/proctalgia-fugax
    Proctalgia fugax is a sharp, sudden pain you feel in your anus (butthole). It can last from seconds to minutes. Many people with this condition have recurring pain episodes. Causes may include muscle spasms in your anal sphincter or issues with nearby nerves. […] Proctalgia fugax is severe anal pain that comes on suddenly, lasts briefly and often disappears as unexpectedly as it began. The anal pain isn’t a one-time thing. Instead, it recurs (comes back) in episodes that may happen over several weeks or months. […] There isn’t a single, known cause. Some studies show that proctalgia fugax may arise from: […] Muscle spasms: Spasms in your anal sphincter muscles or other pelvic floor muscles can cause anal pain. […] Nerve problems: Damage to your pudendal nerve, also called pudendal neuralgia, may lead to proctalgia fugax. […] Proctalgia fugax may be a complication of a procedure on your pelvic area. […] It’s also associated with certain conditions. You’re more likely to have proctalgia fugax if you have: […] Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). […] An anxiety disorder.
  • #1 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336
    Neuropathic pain syndromes in chronic anal pain are rare compared with local and functional anorectal syndromes. They include coccygodynia and pudendal neuralgia, in which the pain in part has a structural origin, and two overtly neuropathic syndromes, ie, phantom rectum syndrome and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. […] Coccygodynia is pain arising in or around the coccyx depending on its position. […] Pudendal neuralgia (or pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome) occurs when the pudendal nerve is compressed by the obturator fascia as it forms the Alcock canal. […] Phantom rectum syndrome is a possible diagnosis when an organic source for pain such as perineal hernia or pelvic sepsis is excluded after proctectomy. […] Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SCN9A gene.
  • #1 Anal pain
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050918
    Causes of anal pain include: […] Anal cancer […] Anal fissure (a small tear in the lining of the anal canal) […] Anal fistula (an abnormal channel between the anus or rectum usually to the skin near the anus) […] Anal itching (pruritus ani) […] Anal sex […] Anal or rectal stricture (narrowing that may occur from scarring, severe inflammation or cancer) […] Constipation which can be chronic and last for weeks or longer. […] Crohn’s disease which causes tissues in the digestive tract to become inflamed. […] Diarrhea (causing anal irritation) […] Fecal impaction (a mass of hardened stool in the rectum due to chronic constipation) […] Genital warts […] Hemorrhoids (swollen and inflamed veins in your anus or rectum) […] Levator ani syndrome (spasm in the muscles that surround the anus)
  • #1 Common causes of anal or rectal pain, and how to treat them | Digestive | Men’s Health | Prevention | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center
    https://utswmed.org/medblog/anal-rectal-pain-causes/
    People with PFDs are at increased risk of fissures and hemorrhoids due to constipation issues that can arise from spasms and cramping. […] Pruritis ani can be caused by simple factors such as changing laundry detergents, stress, aggressive wiping, or using a new body soap or perfume. […] Inflammatory bowel disease can also cause proctitis, as can sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Commonly associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, anal condyloma causes lesions around the perineum, which is the tissue between the genitals and anus. […] Fewer than 1,000 people are diagnosed with anal cancer in the U.S. each year, and about 46,000 are diagnosed with rectal cancer both are far less common than colorectal cancer.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
    https://www.health.com/rectal-pain-7557339
    Mpox is a viral disease that can be spread person to person. While it is not officially an STI, it is commonly spread through sexual contact. Mpox can cause proctitis and, in turn, rectal pain. […] Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are both types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both, particularly ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation in the rectum and cause rectal pain. […] If you’ve received radiation to treat cancers of the cervix, prostate, or rectum, your rectum might have become damaged from the treatment. […] During ostomy surgery, damaged sections of your intestines are taken out and waste is rerouted. Whatever part of your rectum might be left intact after the surgery can become inflamed and lead to pain in the remaining part of your rectum. […] Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum turns itself inside out and pushes out through the anus. […] Rectal pain can be caused by a variety of conditions, including proctalgia fugax and levator ani syndrome which cause muscle spasms and proctitis. Proctitis can be caused by a number of conditions, including sexually transmitted infections and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • #1 Rectal (Anal) Pain: Causes and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-pain
    People typically describe rectal pain as any pain or discomfort in the anus, rectum, or lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract. […] This pain is common, and the causes are rarely life threatening. Oftentimes, it results from a bout of muscle spasms or constipation. […] In many cases, trauma or injury to the rectum or anus results from anal play during sex or masturbation. It can also result from a particularly hard fall or injury during other physical activity. […] People who have significant constipation with hard stools may experience tears in the anal mucosa, also known as anal fissures. These can be quite painful. […] STIs may spread from the genitals to the rectum, or the infection can be transmitted during anal sex. […] Hemorrhoids are a very common cause of rectal pain.
  • #1 Anal Pain: 8 Main Causes & Treatment Options – Tua Saúde
    https://www.tuasaude.com/en/anal-pain/
    Anal fissures are usually identified due to the appearance of symptoms like burning with bowel movements or urination, or anal itching. […] Intestinal endometriosis is an illness in which the endometrium, the uterine lining, spreads to the intestinal walls. This can cause anal pain during menstruation. […] In addition to anal pain, some women also experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloody stools, difficulty passing stool or persistent diarrhea. […] The most common infections to cause anal pain are sexually-transmitted microorganisms, like HPV, herpes, chlamydia and HIV. […] An abscess can develop due to a skin infection or from another anal-rectal illness, like inflammatory bowel disease, rectal cancer or surgery. […] Inflammatory bowel disease, caused mainly by ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease, is characterized by rectal redness and inflammation, as well as diarrhea with blood, abdominal pain, bowel obstruction and pain with bowel movements.
  • #1
    https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-fissure-expanded-information
    An anal fissure is a small tear in skin that lines the opening of the anus. Fissures typically cause severe pain and bleeding with bowel movements. […] Fissures are usually caused by trauma to the inner lining of the anus. A hard, dry bowel movement is typically responsible, but loose stools and diarrhea can also be the cause. The injury to the tissue creates severe anal pain, resulting in anal sphincter spasm and a subsequent increase in anal sphincter muscle pressure. The increase in anal sphincter muscle pressure results in a decrease in blood flow to the site of the injury, thus impairing healing of the wound. […] Less common causes of fissures include inflammatory conditions and certain anal infections or tumors, such as Crohns disease, Ulcerative Colitis, syphilis, tuberculosis, leukemia, HIV/AIDS, or anal cancer. These diseases can cause atypical fissures that are located off the midline, are multiple, painless, or non-healing after proper treatment.
  • #1 Anal fissures: what they are, symptoms and causes – THDLAB – COM | THD
    https://www.thdlab.com/patients/diseases/anal-fissures
    Anal fissures are small lacerations which form on the mucous membrane of the anal canal. Discover symptoms and causes of anal fissures. […] Anal fissures often appear following a micro-trauma in the anal area. The micro-trauma may be due to physical causes, such as solid stools which are too hard and voluminous or to chemical causes, such as diarrhoea and liquid stools. […] The pain caused by the anal fissure causes a contraction of the anal sphincter, the muscle that controls continence and the release of faeces (anal hypertonia). Sphincter hypertonia reduces the flow of blood to the lesion and hinders healing. This vicious circle leads to an aggravation of the problem and favours the chronic aspect of the lesion (chronic anal fissure).
  • #1 4 Common Causes of Anal Pain: Betsy F. Clemens, M.D.: Board Certified Physician
    https://www.mwhtc-stl.com/blog/4-common-causes-of-anal-pain
    Most people find it difficult to talk about health issues that involve very private parts of the body. Instead, they turn to the internet to find the answers they need, like „What’s causing my anal pain?” […] Sitting on the toilet for extended periods places pressure on the veins in the lower rectum, leading to hemorrhoids. But hemorrhoids aren’t the only cause of anal pain. […] Hemorrhoids are enlarged or swollen rectal veins. You can have hemorrhoids and not have any problems. But they may cause anal pain if you have a thrombosed hemorrhoid when a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid. […] Thrombosed hemorrhoids cause sudden and severe anal pain that makes it nearly impossible to sit. […] Do you have severe, prolonged anal pain during and after a bowel movement? You may have an anal fissure, a tear in the highly sensitive anal tissue.
  • #1 Causes of Rectal Pain – Bay Biosciences
    https://baybiosciences.com/causes-of-rectal-pain/
    STIs that may cause rectal pain include: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes, Syphilis, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Hemorrhoids are a very common cause of rectal pain. The symptoms you experience depend on where the hemorrhoid is. […] Internal hemorrhoids can develop on the inside of the rectum, but they can protrude through the rectum if they’re sufficiently large. […] Anal fissures are small tears in the thin tissue that lines the opening of the rectum. They’re very common, especially in infants and people who’ve given birth. […] Proctalgia fugax is rectal pain caused by muscle spasms in the rectal muscles. […] This condition affects twice as many women as men and usually occurs in people between 30 and 60 years old. […] Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a condition that leads to the development of ulcers in the rectum.
  • #1 Proctalgia Fugax (Shooting Pain in Bum): Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/digestive-health/proctalgia-fugax-and-anal-pain-leaflet
    Proctalgia fugax is one of a number of conditions which cause anal or rectal pain (sometimes called ano-rectal pain). It is a type of levator ani syndrome. Proctalgia means pain around the back passage area. Fugax is a Latin word meaning fugitive or fleeting. So it describes a short-lasting pain in the back passage. […] Proctalgia fugax is diagnosed when other causes have been excluded. It is thought to be caused by spasms in the muscles of the anal sphincter. […] This is not exactly understood. It is believed to be due to spasms of the muscles of the anus. The muscles here are very strong, as these are the muscles you use to hold your poo in, or relax to let the poo out. […] The conditions proctalgia fugax and levator ani syndrome are what is left when all these causes have been ruled out. They are a „diagnosis of exclusion”, meaning there is no specific test for them, and that all other possible causes must be ruled out first. […] The cause isn’t really known. It’s thought to be caused by a tightening or spasm of the muscles inside your bottom. People often wonder what caused this to start, but often no trigger or cause is found.
  • #1 Proctalgia fugax and anal pain: Causes, diagnosis, and home remedies
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317254
    Proctalgia fugax refers to the sudden onset of severe pain in the rectal area, which can last from seconds to minutes. The pain is sporadic, can be without warning, and occurs due to muscle spasms in the anal canal. […] The exact cause of proctalgia fugax is unclear, but the pain is due to muscles in the anal canal and pelvic floor tightening suddenly. […] This muscle tightening is called spasming. Spasms often occur in the smooth muscles of the anal canal and the anal sphincter. […] Though proctalgia can occur without warning, the condition does have many triggers. These triggers can include: stress, sexual activity, constipation, passing stools, menstruation. […] Proctalgia fugax may be more likely to occur after treatments for certain other conditions. These treatments include sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids and vaginal hysterectomy. […] Currently, the exact cause of proctalgia fugax is unclear. It occurs due to muscle spasms in the anal canal and pelvic floor. Potential triggers can include passing stools, constipation, menstruation, and sexual activity.
  • #1 What’s the Difference Between Proctalgia Fugax and Pudendal Neuralgia? | Sydney Pelvic Clinic
    https://www.sydneypelvicclinic.com.au/whats-the-difference-between-proctalgia-fugax-and-pudendal-neuralgia/
    Pudendal neuralgia is a condition where a person will experience pain in the pelvic region, genitals, or anorectal muscles. […] As we touched on above, this condition is a result of the compression of the pudendal nerve. This can often happen as a result of: Prolonged periods of sitting, Physical activity that strains the pelvic area (sitting, horseback riding, cycling), Severe constipation, Damage to the pelvic area (broken bones, surgery to the pelvis/hip/back), Pudendal nerve damage during childbirth, A cancerous growth on/around the pudendal nerve.
  • #1
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anal-fissure/
    Anal fissures are most commonly caused by damage to the lining of the anus or anal canal, the last part of the large intestine. […] Most cases occur in people who have constipation, when a particularly hard or large poo tears the lining of the anal canal. […] Other possible causes of anal fissures include: persistent diarrhoea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, pregnancy and childbirth, occasionally, a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as syphilis or herpes, which can infect and damage the anal canal, having unusually tight anal sphincter muscles, which can increase the tension in your anal canal, making it more susceptible to tearing. […] In many cases, no clear cause can be identified.
  • #1 Anus Pain: Causes, in Pregnancy, Home Remedies, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/anus-pain
    Pain in your anus can result from sitting, injury, pregnancy, and other health conditions. Treating the underlying cause may help reduce your pain. […] Anal pain is known as proctalgia and can have many causes. […] Anal pain can have a variety of causes. […] Sitting down for a long time, especially on a hard surface, can cause temporary anal pain by putting pressure on anal nerves and muscles. […] Diarrhea happens when you pass watery, loose stool more than three times in a day. […] Falling on your butt can injure the muscles, bones, or nerves around the anus. […] Anal fissures happen when your anal tissues tear. […] Hemorrhoids happen when anal blood vessels are swollen. […] Menstruation can cause anal pain along with other symptoms related to your digestive tract. […] Anal spasms happen when you get sharp, unexpected anal pain due to anal sphincter muscle contractions. […] When you’re pregnant, your uterus becomes enlarged, which puts pressure on your anus. That can lead to discomfort or pain.
  • #1 Common causes of anal or rectal pain, and how to treat them | Digestive | Men’s Health | Prevention | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center
    https://utswmed.org/medblog/anal-rectal-pain-causes/
    Hemorrhoids are veins in the rectum that are usually internal but can stick out through the rectum. When there is too much pressure on the veins, usually caused by straining during bowel movements or sitting for long periods of time, the hemorrhoids can become enlarged or swollen. […] While symptomatic hemorrhoids are common, about 70% of patients who think they have them are diagnosed with something else. […] Anal fissures are one of the most common causes of anal pain we see in our clinic they are commonly self-misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids. These are cuts in the anal tissue that can occur after large, hard stools or profuse diarrhea episodes and can reopen without proper treatment. […] Pain can be caused by spasms of the pelvic floor muscles, anal sphincter, or rectum. These spasms should be evaluated by a pelvic floor expert.
  • #1 Anal Discomfort and How to Deal with it – IFFGD
    https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/anal-discomfort/
    Symptoms related to this sensitive area can be very troubling, yet many people are reluctant to discuss them. […] These problems of anal discomfort are very common. Symptoms may coexist with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), accidental leakage (bowel incontinence), or other functional bowel disorders. […] They may be due to or associated with many local diseases. Crohns disease may attack the anus. Other diseases can occur there as well. If defecation is painful, there may be a tiny tear in the anal skin called an anal fissure. […] Anal discomfort symptoms are not part of these conditions as they may occur independently. […] Whatever the cause, many of the following suggestions may be helpful. […] Healthy bowel action can minimize fecal contact and help the anal distress. Hard stools may be prevented by fiber, thus minimizing straining and local trauma. If diarrhea can be controlled, so may fecal staining and incontinence. […] These simple measures can help many persons with these common, but sadly, unspoken complaints.
  • #1 Feeling Rectal Pain And Pressure? Here Are 11 Possible Causes
    https://colorectalsurgery.com.sg/rectal-pain-pressure/
    Rectal pain and pressure can stem from a variety of causes, ranging from mild and manageable conditions to more severe health issues. […] Haemorrhoids can cause discomfort, itching, pain, bleeding, and pain when sitting and during bowel movements. […] An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue lining the anus. […] Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum. […] Constipation or difficulty passing hard or lumpy stools can cause rectal pain. […] An anal or rectal abscess, which is a painful collection of pus, may cause severe pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the area around the anus or rectum. […] Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis cause chronic inflammation of the digestive tract and can lead to rectal pressure or pain. […] Rectal prolapse involves the rectum stretching and protruding from the anus.
  • #1 Common Causes of Anal Pain: Colon and Rectal Surgeons of Greater Hartford: Colon and Rectal Surgeons
    https://www.crsgh.com/blog/common-causes-of-anal-pain
    A fissure is a small tear in your skin or other tissues. […] An anal abscess is an infected cavity within your anus thats caused by blocked anal glands. […] A fungal or bacterial infection can cause anal pain. Anal pain could also be a symptom of an STD, including HPV infection. […] Anal sex, constipation, and diarrhea can all irritate and tear the linings of your rectum and the skin around your anus. […] Digestive diseases such as Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis can cause pain throughout your digestive tract, including your anus. […] Pelvic floor muscles that cant fully relax can make bowel movements painful.
  • #1 Feeling Rectal Pain And Pressure? Here Are 11 Possible Causes
    https://colorectalsurgery.com.sg/rectal-pain-pressure/
    Colorectal cancer patients often experience changes in bowel habits (like diarrhoea or constipation), rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, persistent abdominal discomfort (like cramps, gas, or pain), a feeling that the bowel doesnt empty completely, weakness or fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. […] Sciatica can cause rectal pain and pressure. […] This condition happens when a persons uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis can cause rectal pain in women if it involves the bowel or is located near the rectum. […] Uterine fibroids are benign tumours that develop in the uterus. Large fibroids can cause rectal pain by putting pressure on the rectum. […] Determining the exact cause of rectal pain and pressure can be challenging, as several different conditions can produce similar symptoms. […] Pre-existing conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, endometriosis, or past gastrointestinal problems can be crucial in understanding your current symptoms. […] Rectal pain and pressure can stem from a variety of causes, each requiring specific attention.
  • #1 Rectal Pain Symptoms and Treatment Options | Dr. Havranek
    https://russellhavranekmd.com/what-rectal-pain-means/
    While it may be embarrassing, and not something you want to share about with your friends over brunch, having pain down there (rectal pain) is a widespread complaint 10 million Americans self-report hemorrhoids every year. Rectal pain is all too common but there are so many possible causes to consider. […] There are many causes of rectal pain, most of which are benign. […] Common causes of rectal pain range from simple irritation of the perianal skin to things like hemorrhoids, infections, fissures or tears in the lining and even rectal cancer. […] Anal pain is one of the symptoms of anal cancer, but as its also a common symptom of more benign conditions, over half of patients with anal cancer mistake the early stages for hemorrhoids delaying their treatment. […] So Ive covered the big C, but rectal and anal pain can also be a symptom of less serious conditions, some of which can be treated with over-the-counter medication.
  • #1 Symptoms and Signs of Rectal Pain: Treatment
    https://www.emedicinehealth.com/rectal_pain/symptom.htm
    Rectal pain occurs due to a number of causes, including: injury or trauma to the area, sexually-transmitted diseases, muscle spasms, anal fissures, ulcers of the anal lining, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscesses, impaction of feces, or inflammatory bowel disease. […] Some causes of rectal pain can also cause abdominal or pelvic pain as well as vaginal or penile discharge. […] Causes of anal abscesses include individuals with medical conditions such as diabetes, AIDS/HIV, Crohn’s disease, those on immune system suppressor drugs, pregnancy, STDs, and anal fissures. […] Anal fissures are generally caused by constipation, or straining with a bowel movement. […] Colon cancer is caused by abnormal cells in the colon multiplying, creating cancerous tumors. […] Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease. […] Ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for getting colon cancer, however, it does not cause cancer. […] The cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: 9 Causes, Symptoms, Relief, and Treatment
    https://www.emedicinehealth.com/rectal_pain/article_em.htm
    Four common causes of the symptom of rectal pain, pressure, or discomfort are hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fleeting anal spasms (Proctalgia fugax), and other more constant muscle spasms (Levator ani syndrome) […] Many other infrequent causes of rectal pain are cancers, some prostate problems and/or foreign bodies. […] Rectal pain usually varies according to its underlying cause; for example, hemorrhoids usually cause mild or moderate discomfort, while anal fissures can cause a tearing or knife-like sharp pain. […] Hemorrhoids are a common cause of rectal pain. […] 4 Common causes of rectal pain include: Hemorrhoids (painful swelling of a vein or veins at the anus) are a common problem affecting up to 25% of American adults. […] An anal fissure is a small tear in the skin at the opening of the rectum.
  • #1 Common Anorectal Conditions: Part I. Symptoms and Complaints | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0615/p2391.html
    Anorectal symptoms and complaints are common and may be caused by a wide spectrum of conditions. […] The history, as well as the physical examination, can distinguish anal pain due to hemorrhoids, fissure, abscess, cancer or proctalgia fugax. […] Aching after a bowel movement can occur with internal hemorrhoids. Pain during bowel movements that is described as being cut with sharp glass usually indicates a fissure. This pain is most intense during the bowel movement and usually persists for an hour or so afterward. […] The acute onset of pain with a palpable mass is almost always due to a thrombosed external hemorrhoid. […] Anal pain accompanied by fever and inability to pass urine signals perineal sepsis and is a medical emergency. […] Proctalgia fugax is a unique anal pain. […] No specific etiology has been found, but proctalgia fugax may be associated with spastic contractions of the rectum or the muscular pelvic floor in irritable bowel syndrome.
  • #1 5 Causes of Anal pain and how to soothe it
    https://surgerygroupla.com/5-causes-of-anal-pain-and-how-to-soothe-it/
    Anal pain, also known as rectal or anus pain, is a common issue that can be uncomfortable and even distressing. This pain can range from a mild ache to a sharp, severe pain that affects your daily life. […] Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located around the anus or in the lower rectum. They are one of the most common causes of painful anal sensations and can lead to symptoms like itching, burning, and even bleeding. […] Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing large or hard stools. This can result in a sharp pain in the anus, particularly during and after bowel movements. […] Proctalgia fugax is a condition that causes sudden, intense spasms in the rectum. The pain often occurs without warning and can last from a few seconds to several minutes. […] An anal abscess is a collection of pus that forms near the anus, usually as a result of an infection. The abscess can cause significant pain, swelling, and redness in the area.
  • #1 Anal Pain Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare
    https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/anal-pain/
    Rectal prolapse can also cause anal pain. […] If all other causes have been ruled out, you may receive one of two diagnoses: Levator ani syndrome a constant or long-lasting achy or pressured feeling in and around your anus, which is worse when sitting and affects six in every 100 people, often having a significant impact on their quality of life; physiotherapy to relax your pelvic muscles can help. […] Proctalgia fugax this common condition affects up to one in every five people and involves sudden, severe bouts of anal pain that last for several seconds or minutes at a time; medicines to relax your pelvic muscles can help. […] It is not fully understood what causes levator ani syndrome or proctalgia fugax. Spasms of the muscles around the anus may be involved but it is not known what triggers these spasms. These conditions are more common in people with anxiety or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • #1 Anal Pain (Rectal Pain): Causes, Symptoms and Relief Options
    https://www.truemeds.in/diseases/gynecological-and-menstrual-disorders/anal-pain-136
    Coccydynia: Pain in the tailbone (coccyx) that can be felt in the anal region. […] Anal trauma: Anal pain may also be a result of anal penetration during sexual activities, trauma to the anal region, or certain medical procedures like colonoscopies. […] Infections (STIs, fungal infections): Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, including sexually transmitted infections, can cause anal discomfort, swelling, and irritation. […] Perianal abscess: A painful collection of pus due to an infected anal gland, often leading to swelling and fever. […] Pudendal neuralgia: Nerve pain affecting the pudendal nerve, causing burning, aching, or shooting pain in the anal and genital areas. […] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can cause rectal inflammation, pain, and bleeding.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes, Symptoms, Physical Therapy Treatment – APTA Pelvic Health
    https://www.aptapelvichealth.org/info/rectal-pain-causes-symptoms-physical-therapy-treatment
    Pain in the anus or rectum is often called rectal pain. […] Functional rectal pain syndromes are caused by spasms of the muscle around the rectum. […] Proctalgia fugax is the medical term for sharp and brief muscle spasms around the rectum. […] Levator ani syndrome is the medical term for rectal pain that lasts longer than 30 minutes. […] Unspecified anorectal pain is similar rectal pain that also lasts more than 30 minutes, but the muscle is not tender to the touch. […] Rectal pain can be worse with inactivity, stress, having a bowel movement (pooping), constipation or menstruation. […] Anorectal pain syndromes are treatable.
  • #1 Anal fissure | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/anal-fissure
    An anal fissure is a tear or split in the lining of the anus (anal mucosa). […] Common causes in adults include constipation and trauma to the anus (such as a difficult childbirth). […] Some of the causes include: chronic constipation, passing a dry, hard stool, rough or excessive wiping of the anus after passing a motion, diarrhoea, inflammation of the anus and rectum, Crohns disease, scratching (as a reaction to pinworm infection, for example), anal injury, pregnancy, childbirth, cancer of the rectum. […] Many cases of anal fissures are caused by chronic constipation.
  • #1 Proctalgia | MUSC Health | Charleston SC
    https://muschealth.org/medical-services/ddc/patients/symptoms-and-conditions/proctalgia
    Just as spasms of neck muscles cause headaches, spasms of the pelvic muscles causes proctalgia. […] Proctalgia is pain due to a spasm of the pelvic floor muscles, the muscles of the anal sphincter, or the muscles of the rectum. This causes severe stabbing pain like a knife sticking into the rectum. […] Anorectal and pelvic pain may also be the result of many different conditions: stress, hemorrhoids, rectal ulcers, also referred to as solitary rectal ulcers, abscesses, a fissure in the lining of the rectum, inflammatory bowel disease. […] Several studies have shown that only a small portion of people who suffer from proctalgia have an organic disease that could be the cause of the condition. […] Proctalgia can be related to stress. It is common for doctors to refer to the mind-body connection when a person is dealing with considerable stress in their daily lives. The continued emotional stress causes the body to react, and the internal organs of the digestive system are acute receptors of stress.
  • #1 Anal-Rectal-Tailbone Pain | Pelvic Pain Help
    https://pelvicpainhelp.com/symptoms/anal-and-rectal-pain/
    Anal and Rectal Pain […] ANAL AND RECTAL PAIN […] Doctors give chronic anal and rectal pain a number of names depending on what subspecialty of doctor you see. Among them are: LEVATOR SYNDROME/SPASM, PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION, COCCYDYNIA, PUDENDAL NEURALGIA, CHRONIC PROCTALGIA, PUBORECTALIS SYNDROME, PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME, CHRONIC PROCTALGIA, PROSTATITIS. […] The fundamental error of conventional treatment is that it does not grasp the fact that anal and rectal pain is both a systemic and local problem — systemic in that the nervous system, typically frequently aroused, chronically tightens up the pelvic muscles. It is a local problem in that chronic worry, anxiety and nervous arousal in certain individuals results in the local pain and dysfunction of the pelvic muscles. Without effectively treating both aspects for pelvic pain relief, anal and rectal pain remains.
  • #1 What’s the Difference Between Proctalgia Fugax and Pudendal Neuralgia? | Sydney Pelvic Clinic
    https://www.sydneypelvicclinic.com.au/whats-the-difference-between-proctalgia-fugax-and-pudendal-neuralgia/
    What conditions cause pain in the anus and rectum? There are tons of different conditions out there that can lead to severe spasms and/or pain in the anorectal region. […] From conditions like irritable bowel syndrome to chronic constipation, there are many different things that can cause the onset of anal pain. […] Proctalgia fugax is a condition where a person will experience pain, spasms, and cramping in the anus and rectum. […] What causes this condition? There are many different issues that can make a person more at risk of experiencing proctalgia fugax. These include: Constipation, Defecation, Menstruation, Stress, Sexual Activity. […] It is important to note that while outside conditions can cause proctalgia fugax, there are many cases where this condition can appear seemingly without cause.
  • #1 12 Reasons You Never Knew Behind Rectal pain | Hill Regional Hospital
    https://www.hillregionalhospital.com/blogs/reasons-you-never-knew-behind-rectal-pain/
    STIs or sexually transmitted diseases, usually as a result of sexual intercourse or in this case anal sex, can spread to the rectum from the genital area and in some cases might cause pain. […] Small tears in the thin tissue that lines the rectum’s opening are known as anal fissures. They’re extremely prevalent, especially among infants and new mothers. When hard or big feces stretch the sensitive rectum lining and rip the skin, fissures form. They take a long time to recover because any bowel movement might irritate and inflame the tissue even more. […] Rectal pain is frequently caused by hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids affect nearly one-third of all adults at some point in their lives (Gotter, 2017). Hemorrhoids are inflamed veins in the anus that are caused by straining during bowel movements. They are frequent in pregnant women and in those who have done a lot of hard lifting. The most obvious result of hemorrhoids is bloody stool. If your hemorrhoids rupture, you may experience excruciating pain that starts suddenly and lasts for several days.
  • #1 Anal Pain in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.anal-pain-in-children-care-instructions.ug5352
    Pain in the opening to the rectum (anus) can be caused by diarrhea or constipation. Scratching a rectal itch can also cause pain. Another common cause is a tear in the lining of the lower rectum. This is called an anal fissure. This type of anal pain often goes away when the problem clears up. Injury from an object being placed in the rectum also can cause pain. A rare cause of anal pain is spasms of the muscles in the rectum. Some of these conditions may cause some light bleeding. […] If your child continues to have anal pain, your doctor may prescribe medicine to relieve pain and other symptoms. Depending on the cause, your child may need other treatment.
  • #1
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug5352
    Pain in the opening to the rectum (anus) can be caused by diarrhea or constipation. Another common cause is a tear in the lining of the lower rectum caused by a minor injury like scratching or passing a hard stool. This is called an anal fissure. This type of anal pain often goes away when the original problem clears up. Injury from an object being placed in the rectum also can cause pain but this is less common. A rare cause of anal pain is spasms of the muscles in the rectum. Some of these conditions may cause some light bleeding. […] If your child continues to have anal pain, your doctor may prescribe medicine to relieve pain and other symptoms. Depending on the cause, your child may need other treatment.
  • #1 What Causes Proctitis? | Colon & Rectal Surgical Specialists
    https://www.crssny.com/what-causes-proctitis/
    Proctitis can develop for a variety of reasons. Some possible causes of proctitis include: […] Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, is a common cause of proctitis. […] Cancer radiation therapy used to treat cancer in areas near the rectum can cause the lining of the rectum to become inflamed. Proctitis caused by radiation therapy may only last during treatment, but can occur several years later. […] Proctitis can occur as a result of sexually transmitted infections, including genital herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, especially with anal intercourse. […] Infections related to food borne pathogens, including salmonella and shigella, as well as infections linked to HIV can cause inflammation of the rectum. […] Some infants may develop proctitis from being fed cows milk or soy-based formulas. Breastfed babies may also develop proctitis from dairy products eaten by the mother.
  • #1 What Causes Proctitis? | Colon & Rectal Surgical Specialists
    https://www.crssny.com/what-causes-proctitis/
    Children under the age of two may develop a form of proctitis called eosinophilic proctitis. This form of proctitis is caused by a buildup of white blood cells in the lining of the rectum. […] Taking antibiotics can end up eliminating helpful bacteria in the bowels and in doing so sometimes allows harmful bacteria to grow in the rectum. Harmful bacteria can cause inflammation and lead to proctitis.
  • #1 Perianal Disease | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment| Guts UK
    https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/perianal-disease/
    Pain around the anus is often associated with the passage of stools either during or afterward. It is often related to being constipated or passing frequent liquid stools over a prolonged period. Conditions that can cause this pain are varied but some of the most common causes are: […] Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anal canal that can be both painful (especially when passing hard stools) and may bleed, resulting in bright blood on the toilet paper after wiping. Fissures usually cause problems in people of 20-40 years of age. The pain may continue after opening the bowels as the anal muscles go into spasm. […] Abscesses are collections of pus around the bottom which result in extreme tenderness in the area. They can be red, hot and swollen and people with abscesses may feel unwell with fevers and chills. Sometimes an abscess will ‘burst’ and a smelly, sticky liquid may leak out which can bring some relief of the pain. If not, abscesses need to be drained as soon as possible to relieve the pressure caused by pus.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes and Treatments
    https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/rectal-pain
    IBD is chronic inflammation of the digestive tract resulting in damage. The two most common types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. […] Perianal abscesses occur when pus collects in a blocked duct in the anal area. They can result from Crohn’s disease, cancer, or injury to the area. […] Rectal prolapse is a less common condition when part or all of the rectum falls through the anal opening. It usually occurs in older adults. […] Levator syndrome is a muscle spasm of the levator ani muscle. It can happen spontaneously or it may occur while sitting down. […] Proctitis is rectal lining inflammation. Proctitis can be a chronic and recurring problem, or it may result from an easily treatable infection. Some of the causes of proctitis include: IBD, radiation, bowel surgery, food poisoning, sexually transmitted infections. […] Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide.
  • #1 12 Reasons You Never Knew Behind Rectal pain | Hill Regional Hospital
    https://www.hillregionalhospital.com/blogs/reasons-you-never-knew-behind-rectal-pain/
    Anal fistula is defined by a narrow tunnel formed around the anus, usually between the end of the bowel and the anal skin. It is frequently caused by an infection around the anus, which results in a pus collection (abscess) in adjacent tissue. Anal fistulas can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms, including discomfort and skin irritation, and these sensations rarely go away on their own. […] Muscle spasm are the result of many conditions including one called Proctalgia Fugax, which is identified as a brief rectal spasm. The muscles surrounding the rectum, like all muscles, can spasm, which causes pain. Spasms in the rectal area can last anywhere from a few seconds to many minutes and can be triggered by a number of factors, including bowel movement, sexual activity, constipation or, in some cases, for no apparent reason.
  • #1 Rectal Pain: Causes and Treatments
    https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/rectal-pain
    Rectal pain describes anal pain. While the cause of the pain is usually mild, it can be serious in some cases. Rectal pain is often manageable with home remedies, a balanced diet, and adequate hydration. […] An anal fissure is a small, painful tear in the skin around the anus. Some of the most common causes are injury, constipation, or passing hard stools. Some less common but more serious causes may include sexually transmitted infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or anal cancer. […] Fecal impaction happens when a hard and dry stool in the rectum does not evacuate as usual. It often occurs in older adults who experience infrequent movement, but can also occur in people who suddenly stop taking laxatives after consistent use. […] An anal fistula is when an atypical connection forms between the skin of your buttocks and the anal canal. There are several causes, but the most common cause is previous anal abscess drainage.
  • #1 9 Rectal Pain Causes, Symptoms and Relief Options | Buoy
    https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/rectal-pain
    Rectal pain occurs because the nerves in the rectal, pelvic, or anal area are transmitting pain signals to the brain. There are a number of different possible causes of rectal pain. […] Rectal pain may be due to systemic disease, such as the following. […] Rectal atrophy: The skin and muscle tissues that form the rectum become weaker as you age, which can lead to a number of problems including hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse. […] Digestive disorders: There are a number of different digestive problems that can cause rectal pain. Ultimately, any condition that causes either excessive bowel movements or constipation can cause rectal pain symptoms. […] Any time there is inflammation in structures near the rectum, it’s possible for to experience „referred pain” in the rectum. […] A number of different benign and cancerous growths can lead to rectal pain that is often accompanied by rectal bleeding.
  • #1 Anal pain
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anal-pain/
    Anal pain has many different causes. […] Less often, anal pain can be caused by something else like a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or fungal infection. Rarely, it can be a sign of something serious like anal cancer. […] Treatment for anal pain depends on what’s causing it. […] The GP may also recommend changes to your diet or arrange for tests to look for a cause of the anal pain. […] Sometimes surgery or other treatments may be needed if the pain is caused by severe anal fissures, piles or fistulas.
  • #1 What Causes Rectal Pain? – Gastroenterologist San Antonio
    https://www.gastroconsa.com/what-causes-rectal-pain/
    As uncomfortable as it can be to talk about, its a good idea to talk to your doctor if youre having pain in your rectal or anal area. […] The most common causes of anal or rectal pain and pressure are hemorrhoids and anal fissures. […] Hemorrhoids are a common condition where veins in the rectum or anus become swollen, painful, and may bleed. […] Anal fissures are rips or tears in the lining of the anus. They can be caused by chronic constipation or diarrhea, straining to have a bowel movement, large or hard stools, medical problems, and more. […] Other possible causes of anal or rectal pain include: Diarrhea, Constipation, Infection, Perianal abscess, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Skin conditions, Anal sex, Anal cancer (rare). […] Most of the time, the causes of discomfort in your anal or rectal area are short-lived. […] If you have significant bleeding or severe pain that spreads or comes with chills, fever, or anal discharge, have somebody drive you to the emergency room or urgent care. […] Although anal cancer is rare, it does share some of the same symptoms as other anal and rectal issues.
  • #2 Common Causes of Anal Pain: Colon and Rectal Surgeons of Greater Hartford: Colon and Rectal Surgeons
    https://www.crsgh.com/blog/common-causes-of-anal-pain
    You probably dont spend a lot of time thinking about your anus. But when you develop anal pain, your anus may be the only thing on your mind. Why do you have anal pain, and when should you see a doctor for treatment? […] When you have anal pain, it could actually originate anywhere within the perianal area, which includes your anus, anal canal, and rectum. Your perianal area contains numerous nerve endings, which can easily become irritated and inflamed. The tissues in that area can also tear or ulcerate, which may cause bleeding. […] Most of the time, anal pain is caused by benign not malignant conditions. […] Below are a few of the most common causes of anal pain. […] Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in your anus or rectum. […] Conditions that affect other areas of your skin, such as psoriasis, can also affect your anal skin.
  • #2 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336
    Neuropathic pain syndromes are rare but can be positively diagnosed to allow specific management. […] The most common category is local anorectal causes and includes a textbook list of anal conditions that, if persistent, can cause chronic anal pain. These include anal fissure, anal and perineal sepsis (eg, inter-sphincteric fistula or abscess), various ulcerations, and anal tumor. […] Pitfalls to avoid in the diagnosis of chronic anal pain due to local anorectal conditions include the following: Attributing the anal pain to hemorrhoids (only thrombosed external hemorrhoids cause significant pain). […] Attributing the pain to a fissure without clear proof of a chronic fissure on examination (under anesthesia, if required), even if this has been diagnosed in the past. […] Failing to consider less common diagnoses such as ulcers due to Crohn disease, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilitic chancre, herpes, the vasodilator drug nicorandil (used globally but not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration), proctitis (including pelvic radiation disease), tumor, or solitary rectal ulcer.
  • #2 Rectal Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
    https://www.health.com/rectal-pain-7557339
    Proctalgia fugax mainly affects people between 30 and 60 years old and is more common among women. Researchers haven’t determined a cause, but it’s largely believed that a spasm of the anal sphincter contributes to it. […] Levator ani syndrome is similar to proctalgia fugax in that they are thought to come from muscle spasms. However, the pain from levator ani syndrome lasts longer than 30 minutes, often for hours, and is chronic or recurrent. […] Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum that is associated with pain in the rectum or anus, collectively known as anorectal pain. There are several reasons why you may develop proctitis and the rectal pain because of it: […] Several types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to proctitis. Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, and syphilis are a few of the STIs that can cause proctitis and its rectal pain.
  • #3 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336
    Anal pain can conveniently be grouped into 3 main categories, each with individual diagnoses, causes, and symptoms, which provide a starting point for the examination. […] If a careful history and digital and rigid endoscopic examination of the anorectum exclude local anorectal conditions, the next most common diagnostic category is functional anorectal pain syndrome. […] The term functional denotes that structural or biochemical causes are absent on routine evaluation, and it should not be considered pejorative (eg, symptoms are all in the patients mind). […] Levator ani syndrome also called pelvic myalgia, pelvic floor myofascial pain, and pelvic floor muscle spasm is chronic anal pain resulting from tension or spasms in the levator muscles leading to compression of nerve endings and pain via peripheral sensitization.

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