Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anal Pain: What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/anal-pain

  Anal pain is a common condition with many possible causes. Most aren’t serious, but some may require treatment. It’s important to acknowledge anal pain and notice if it gets worse or doesn’t get better. Don’t be embarrassed to consult a healthcare provider about anal pain or seek treatment if you need it. […] A healthcare provider diagnosing your anal pain might ask you to describe the pain or ask if you have other symptoms along with it. This can offer clues to the possible causes of your anal pain. […] In many cases, you can treat anal pain at home. It often goes away within a few days. In other cases, it doesn’t get better or gets worse. It’s never a bad idea to check in with a healthcare provider about anal pain, especially if it’s severe, long-lasting or comes with other concerning symptoms, like rectal bleeding.

• #1 History Makes Diagnosis in Most Patients With Anal Pain | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/internalmedicine/article/12816/gastroenterology/history-makes-diagnosis-most-patients-anal-pain

  History Makes Diagnosis in Most Patients With Anal Pain […] Patients presenting with anal pain pose a diagnostic challenge, but a careful, detailed history will lead to the correct diagnosis in 90% of cases, Dana R. Sands, M.D., said at a symposium on pelvic floor disorders sponsored by the Cleveland Clinic Florida. […] Ask patients about the quality of their pain, as well as the location, the presence of radiating pain, and the duration of pain, advised Dr. Sands, associate staff surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston. […] Also, associated symptoms—such as changes in bowel habits and bleeding, a history of similar pain, medication use, and information about sexual practices—can help in nailing down a diagnosis. […] Among the differential diagnoses are: […] Hemorrhoids. Most patients presenting with anal pain have been referred for, or believe they have, hemorrhoids. In some cases hemorrhoids are the cause of the pain, but it is important to keep in mind that only external thrombosing hemorrhoids or prolapsed internal hemorrhoids will cause pain. […] Anal abscesses. Pain associated with anal abscesses is insidious in onset and is usually associated with fever, swelling, and drainage. […] Fissures. Patients with anal fissures describe severe pain, bright red blood from the rectum, and pain for 3-4 hours following a bowel movement. […] Tumors. Pain associated with anal cancer is insidious in onset. […] Stenosis. This painful condition has a slow onset and can result from overly aggressive anal surgery, such as hemorrhoidectomy. […] Infection. Sexually transmitted diseases are a common cause of anal pain. […] Proctalgia. This is a diagnosis of exclusion in patients presenting with rectal pain and pressure.

• #1 Common Anorectal Conditions: Part I. Symptoms and Complaints | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0615/p2391.html

  Anal pain can be diagnosed by a careful history focusing on the nature of the pain and its relationship to bowel movements. […] Pain during bowel movements that is described as being cut with sharp glass usually indicates a fissure. […] The pain of anal fissure is frequently accompanied by bright red rectal bleeding and often begins after a hard, forced bowel movement. […] The acute onset of pain with a palpable mass is almost always due to a thrombosed external hemorrhoid. […] Anal pain accompanied by fever and inability to pass urine signals perineal sepsis and is a medical emergency. […] Proctalgia fugax is a unique anal pain characterized by severe episodes of spasm-like pain that often occur at night. […] Each episode lasts only minutes, but the pain is excruciating and may be accompanied by sweating, pallor and tachycardia. […] A careful history focusing on the nature of the pain and its relationship to bowel movements frequently provides the diagnosis of pain in the anorectal area.

• #1 Anal fissure: diagnosis, management, and referral in primary care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6650108/

  Examination is best performed in the lateral position, gently parting the buttocks to visualise the anal canal. Most fissures occur in the midline posteriorly. Acute fissures are apparent as a fresh break in the skin immediately inside the anal margin. Chronic fissures are usually accompanied by a skin tag at the distal end of the fissure and exposure of the circular fibres of the internal sphincter (a sentinel tag). […] A common finding on examination is spasm of the anal canal due to hypertonia of the anal sphincter. Digital rectal exam is not recommended in primary care due to the associated pain. […] A mainstay of management of anal fissures is ensuring that stools are soft, regular, and passed easily. […] Sound pain control is also required. This can be achieved through regular analgesia such as paracetamol or ibuprofen.

• #1 Rectal Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/rectal-pain-7557339

  Your healthcare provider will likely begin by asking you to describe your symptoms and medical history. […] If an STI or other infection is suspected, a sample from the rectum may be taken and sent to a lab for testing. Other tools your provider may use to obtain a diagnosis include imaging such as anoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy, all of which involve inserting a tubed instrument up your anus, rectum, and intestines to varying degrees to give your provider a view of your insides. […] It is important to see your healthcare provider about any rectal pain you may be having so that they can diagnose the source of the pain and begin treatment if necessary. Depending on the cause, there are a variety of ways to manage the rectal pain, including medication and lifestyle changes.

• #1 Approach to adult patients with anorectal complaints – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-adult-patients-with-anorectal-complaints

  Approach to adult patients with anorectal complaints […] Anorectal complaints are common: hemorrhoid-related complaints account for more than two million outpatient evaluations annually, and the incidence of anal fissure is estimated to be 1.1 cases per 1000 person-years. It is, therefore, highly likely that clinicians will encounter these conditions. […] As added challenges, many anorectal diagnoses share similar symptoms, and benign anorectal conditions share common symptoms with cancers of the anus and rectum. As such, a thorough evaluation is critical toward making the correct diagnosis. […] This topic describes how to perform a thorough history and physical examination for adult patients presenting with various anorectal complaints, followed by key points to consider depending upon the patient’s chief complaint (eg, pain, bleeding). […] The clinician should first elicit a history of anorectal bleeding, anorectal or perianal pain, perianal drainage, anal pruritus, or the prolapse of tissue through the anal orifice. The patient response will help direct the subsequent evaluation.

• #1 Anal Pain: Office Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/anal-pain-office-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Patients almost always believe that their anorectal problems are caused by hemorrhoids, regardless of the nature of their symptoms. […] anal pain frequently has a nonhemorrhoidal cause. In fact, 95% of patients who complain of anal pain have one of the following 3 conditions: anal fissure, thrombosed hemorrhoid, or anorectal abscess. […] You can easily diagnose an anal fissure by carefully spreading the buttocks apart and observing the linear ulceration in the anal canal. […] Most fissures heal with conservative treatment, including stool softeners, warm sitz baths, and topical smooth muscle relaxants. If the fissure does not heal or if the pain does not diminish substantially over 2 to 3 weeks, a more aggressive approach is justified; internal anal sphincterotomy is nearly always curative.

• #1 Anal Pain: Office Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/anal-pain-office-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The pain of a thrombosed hemorrhoid is usually most severe during the first 24 to 48 hours after the clot forms, and then it resolves rapidly. […] A perianal abscess is usually obvious: a tender, indurated lump located at or just distal to the anal verge. […] The only appropriate treatment of an anorectal abscess is incision and drainage.

• #1 Common causes of anal or rectal pain, and how to treat them | Digestive | Men’s Health | Prevention | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/anal-rectal-pain-causes/

  Common causes and treatments of anal pain […] Hemorrhoids are veins in the rectum that are usually internal but can stick out through the rectum. When there is too much pressure on the veins, usually caused by straining during bowel movements or sitting for long periods of time, the hemorrhoids can become enlarged or swollen. […] While symptomatic hemorrhoids are common, about 70% of patients who think they have them are diagnosed with something else. […] Symptoms: Internal hemorrhoids typically dont hurt but may bleed. External hemorrhoids can cause throbbing pressure and often dont bleed unless they rupture. You may feel pain, irritation, itching, or hard lumps around your anus. […] How it’s diagnosed: External hemorrhoids are visible with a physical exam. For internal hemorrhoids, the provider may use a gloved finger to feel for bulging blood vessels or they may insert a small scope into the anus to see inside the rectum.

• #1 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336

  If a careful history and digital and rigid endoscopic examination of the anorectum exclude local anorectal conditions, the next most common diagnostic category is functional anorectal pain syndrome. […] The term functional denotes that structural or biochemical causes are absent on routine evaluation, and it should not be considered pejorative. […] Diagnosis is based on a history of sudden-onset pain in the rectal area lasting for only seconds or minutes. […] The pain commonly lasts for hours but may be continuous, with sudden exacerbations. […] The overlap of levator ani syndrome with functional defecation disorder brings into play several well-established risk factors for the latter that may be determined from the history including anxiety, depression, and a history of sexual abuse.

• #1 Proctalgia Fugax: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/proctalgia-fugax

  Proctalgia fugax is severe anal pain that comes on suddenly, lasts briefly and often disappears as unexpectedly as it began. The anal pain isn’t a one-time thing. Instead, it recurs (comes back) in episodes that may happen over several weeks or months. Proctalgia fugax doesn’t involve tissue damage, but the pain can be so intense that it prevents you from going to work or school. […] Proctalgia fugax is a diagnosis of exclusion. This means your healthcare provider will diagnose you with proctalgia fugax based on your symptoms after they rule out other, more common causes of anal pain. […] Proctalgia fugax is more common in women. Age is a risk factor, too. It’s more commonly diagnosed in adults between ages 30 and 60. […] There isn’t a specific test to diagnose proctalgia fugax. But you may need several tests to rule out other conditions. Tests may include: Blood tests, Digital rectal exam, Pelvic exam, Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy, Pelvic floor test.

• #1 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336

  Patients with levator ani syndrome commonly have symptoms of obstructed defecation, and there is a well-acknowledged overlap with functional defecation disorders such as dyssynergic defecation. […] Neuropathic pain syndromes in chronic anal pain are rare compared with local and functional anorectal syndromes. […] Coccygodynia is pain arising in or around the coccyx depending on its position. […] Diagnosis is challenging and requires use of the Nantes criteria, a series of essential, complementary, and exclusion criteria. […] The pain of pudendal neuralgia may be unilateral or bilateral and may radiate to the pelvis and thighs and cause deep pelvic discomfort. […] Phantom rectum syndrome is a possible diagnosis when an organic source for pain such as perineal hernia or pelvic sepsis is excluded after proctectomy. […] The key to diagnosis of chronic anal pain is to first exclude specific diseases and then to make a positive diagnosis, which will guide management.

• #1 Common causes of anal or rectal pain, and how to treat them | Digestive | Men’s Health | Prevention | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/anal-rectal-pain-causes/

  How it’s diagnosed: The provider may recommend blood and stool samples along with a physical exam, anorectal swab, STI screening, and potentially an anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. […] Treatment options: Oral or enema anti-inflammatory medication can soothe irritation. Our first line treatment typically is to prescribe a sucralfate enema, which coats the lining of the rectum to help soothe and reduce inflammation. […] Commonly associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, anal condyloma causes lesions around the perineum, which is the tissue between the genitals and anus. […] Symptoms: Itchy, nonbleeding perineal lesions that are tiny and tough to see with the naked eye. Left untreated, the lesions can turn into a form of anal cancer.

• #1 Evaluation and Management of Common Anorectal Conditions | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0315/p624.html

  Proctitis presents as rectal discomfort, tenesmus, purulent discharge, abdominal pain, and urgency. The etiology can be infectious (e.g., herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea, chlamydia, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS), inflammatory, or secondary to radiation or ischemia. A patient with diabetes mellitus or alcoholism who also has perineal pain, sepsis, crepitus, bullae, and induration may have Fournier gangrene, a medical emergency requiring immediate antibiotics and debridement.

• #1 Anal cancer explained: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/9-common-anal-cancer-questions.h00-159464790.html

  Anal cancer is a completely different disease with a different biology. Its also treated differently. […] Anal cancer is also primarily caused by HPV infection; colorectal cancer is not. […] The standard treatment for anal cancer is chemoradiation alone if the cancer hasnt spread. […] Anal cancer is often detected initially after patients experience certain symptoms, such as: pain during a bowel movement, a little bleeding during or after a bowel movement, a change in bowel habits. […] No. Sometimes, people have what they think is a hemorrhoid that wont go away, and it turns out to be anal cancer. But hemorrhoids and anal cancer are two separate things. And neither one causes the other. […] Occasionally, someone will be able to feel a lump or a mass through the skin. But anal cancer is not typically visible from outside the body. It tends to form internally, so the more common ways to see it usually are through an endoscope or on a scan.

• #1 Anal Pain: What It Is, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/anal-pain

  A healthcare provider will ask questions about your symptoms and examine your anus, if necessary, to diagnose the cause of your anal pain. The treatment will depend on the cause. In many cases, they’ll advise the same home treatments listed above. But some more complicated conditions might require: Antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals to treat an infection. […] You can always consult a healthcare provider about anal pain if you aren’t sure what’s causing it or how to treat it. If you’ve already tried to treat it at home and it hasn’t worked, contact a healthcare provider before it gets worse. See a provider right away if you experience any of the following alarming symptoms: Pain that’s severe enough to interfere with your daily activities or wake you at night.

• #2

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-pain

  Anal pain can occur before, during, or after a bowel movement. It can range from a mild ache that can get worse over time to pain that is bad enough to restrict daily activities. Anal pain has many causes, most of which are common and treatable. However, if anal pain does not go away within 24 to 48 hours, it is important to see your physician. If fever is present with anal pain, a more urgent appointment is needed. […] The goal of all nonsurgical treatments is to make stools soft, formed, and bulky. One should avoid constipation. Treatments include a high-fiber diet, which may include over-the-counter fiber supplements (25-35 grams of fiber/day); over-the-counter stool softeners; warm tub baths (sitz baths) for 10 to 20 minutes, a few times per day; and several types of medication to help ease bowel movements.

• #2 History Makes Diagnosis in Most Patients With Anal Pain | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/history-makes-diagnosis-most-patients-anal-pain

  FORT LAUDERDALE, FLA. Patients presenting with anal pain pose a diagnostic challenge, but a careful, detailed history will lead to the correct diagnosis in 90% of cases, Dana R. Sands, M.D., said at a symposium on pelvic floor disorders sponsored by the Cleveland Clinic Florida. […] Ask patients about the quality of their pain, as well as the location, the presence of radiating pain, and the duration of pain, advised Dr. Sands, associate staff surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston. […] Also, associated symptoms such as changes in bowel habits and bleeding, a history of similar pain, medication use, and information about sexual practices can help in nailing down a diagnosis. […] Patients with unexplained anal pain and no obvious benign condition who cannot tolerate an office examination should be examined under anesthesia, she said. […] A good endoscopic evaluation is important in these patients, and once organic pathology is ruled out, a diagnosis of proctalgia is appropriate, she said.

• #2 Anal Disorders | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html

  How are anal disorders diagnosed? […] To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Depending upon your symptoms, your provider may: […] Check the skin around your anus for anything that looks abnormal. […] Perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual. […] Order tests, such as an anoscopy. […] You may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it’s important to let your provider know about your symptoms, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your provider can help you.

• #2 Rectal pain and pressure: Causes, diagnosis, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324822

  Rectal pressure can make a person feel like they have poop stuck in their anus. Pressure in the rectum can be uncomfortable or even painful. Possible causes range from constipation to an abscess. […] If a person experiences rectal pressure, it is a good idea to talk with a doctor about potential causes and treatment options. […] To diagnose the cause of rectal pressure, a doctor will take a persons health history and ask about their symptoms. […] A doctor will usually perform a physical examination of the rectum. […] A doctor may also recommend further tests to examine the rectum. […] A doctor may also use imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, to identify irregularities, such as tumors, abscesses, or fistulas. […] The treatment for rectal pressure will depend on the underlying cause. […] A person should consult a doctor if rectal pressure becomes a regular occurrence. […] Rectal pressure is a common symptom of many different conditions. Unless rectal pressure is due to occasional constipation, people should consult a doctor for a diagnosis.

• #2 Anal fissure: diagnosis, management, and referral in primary care

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6650108/

  Anal fissures are tears of the anal mucosa. They can cause extreme pain (often up to 12 hours post-defaecation) and in many cases bleeding. Acute anal fissures are classified as lasting 6 weeks, whereas chronic fissures last 6 weeks. Primary fissures have no clear underlying cause. This is in contrast to secondary fissures, which are thought to be caused by another principal condition. […] If not treated effectively, anal fissures can lead to recurrence, infection, or abscesses. They can also lead to faecal impaction as patients avoid defaecation, not to mention the overall reduced quality of life. The lifetime incidence of anal fissures is estimated to be around 11%, with males and females equally at risk. […] Although many anal fissures are primary fissures without any underlying cause, secondary causes should also be explored.

• #2 Evaluation and Management of Common Anorectal Conditions | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0315/p624.html

  Anorectal pain may be caused by a fissure, an abscess, thrombosed external hemorrhoids, proctitis, perineal sepsis, or proctalgia fugax. Patients liken anal fissure pain to passing shards of glass, and may have bright red blood in the stool. Physical examination may not be possible, although the fissure will be visible by gently effacing the anus. The physician should distinguish whether the fissure is acute (i.e., present for less than three months and looks like a laceration) or chronic (i.e., present for three months or more and is indurated, fibrotic, and has an anal skin tag or polyp). Chronic fissures tend not to respond to medical management, and eventually will require a lateral internal sphincterotomy to heal. Fissures located off-midline indicate an atypical etiology, such as Crohn disease, tuberculosis, leukemia, or human immunodeficiency virus. These fissures necessitate referral to a subspecialist.

• #2 Proctalgia Fugax: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/proctalgia-fugax

  Proctalgia fugax is severe anal pain that comes on suddenly, lasts briefly and often disappears as unexpectedly as it began. The anal pain isn’t a one-time thing. Instead, it recurs (comes back) in episodes that may happen over several weeks or months. Proctalgia fugax doesn’t involve tissue damage, but the pain can be so intense that it prevents you from going to work or school. […] Proctalgia fugax is a diagnosis of exclusion. This means your healthcare provider will diagnose you with proctalgia fugax based on your symptoms after they rule out other, more common causes of anal pain. […] Proctalgia fugax is more common in women. Age is a risk factor, too. It’s more commonly diagnosed in adults between ages 30 and 60. […] There isn’t a specific test to diagnose proctalgia fugax. But you may need several tests to rule out other conditions. Tests may include: Blood tests, Digital rectal exam, Pelvic exam, Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy, Pelvic floor test.

• #2 Proctalgia Fugax: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-proctalgia-fugax

  Proctalgia fugax is difficult to diagnose because of how quick and random the spasms can be. There are no tests for proctalgia fugax. But your doctor will rule out other possible causes for your anorectal pain. […] Your doctor may make a diagnosis based on your symptom history. Keep an accurate record of when the spasms happen, how long they last, how severe they are, and what happened before the spasms to help your doctor make a better diagnosis. […] Your doctor may do a physical exam to check for places of tenderness in the rectum, or pain when the area is touched. Tenderness in the rectum or its nerves can be the cause of proctalgia fugax. A similar physical exam is performed to rule out any other conditions that cause anorectal pain.

• #2 Anal Pain Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/anal-pain/

  Anal pain can affect the area in or around your bottom (anus) or back passage (rectum). Anal pain is sometimes accompanied by rectal bleeding and can be distressing. […] Anal pain, which is pain in or around your bottom (anus) or back passage (rectum), is also known as proctalgia. It is a common complaint that can affect anyone, at any age. […] Anal pain is often caused by a minor condition and often goes away on its own. You can usually relieve the pain yourself but if not, your GP will be able to offer treatment. […] If all other causes have been ruled out, you may receive one of two diagnoses: […] Levator ani syndrome a constant or long-lasting achy or pressured feeling in and around your anus, which is worse when sitting and affects six in every 100 people, often having a significant impact on their quality of life; physiotherapy to relax your pelvic muscles can help […] Proctalgia fugax this common condition affects up to one in every five people and involves sudden, severe bouts of anal pain that last for several seconds or minutes at a time; medicines to relax your pelvic muscles can help.

• #2 Rectal Pain: Causes and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/rectal-pain

  A digital rectal exam by a medical professional can diagnose a fecal impaction. Treatment consists of digital evacuation of the stool aided by lubrication and sometimes enemas or suppositories. Once the impaction is removed, relief is usually immediate. […] Usually, people with anal fistulas must undergo a physical examination in an operating room using an anesthetic because of the extreme discomfort. This also allows for the completion of the examination and surgical correction. […] To diagnose IBD, your doctor may order an endoscopy, colonoscopy, and imaging tests. They may also take blood and stool samples. […] Typically, doctors only need to perform a rectal exam to diagnose the condition. However, sometimes imaging tests like CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds can show the extent of the abscess.

• #2 Common causes of anal or rectal pain, and how to treat them | Digestive | Men’s Health | Prevention | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/anal-rectal-pain-causes/

  Symptoms: Electric, shooting anal pain; throbbing and pressure; organs visibly protruding from the rectum (rectal prolapse). […] How it’s diagnosed: Many PFDs can be diagnosed with a conversation about your symptoms, a physical exam, imaging, and possible anorectal manometry to understand how much contraction or prolapse is occurring. […] Treatment options: Depending on the condition, patients may benefit from physical therapy or surgery to support the pelvic floor muscles. […] This condition can present as rectal pain or rectal bleeding. If you’ve had pelvic radiation, it may damage the surrounding tissues, but that is a very rare side effect of radiation therapy. […] Symptoms: Fecal urgency (feeling as if you have to go all the time), painful bowel movements, left-side pain, rectal bleeding or mucus, diarrhea, and rectal pressure or pain.

• #2 Anal cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/anal-cancer

  Anal cancer is a rare cancer. […] Tests to diagnose anal cancer may include: […] The doctor will conduct a digital anorectal examination (DARE) by inserting a gloved finger into your anus to check for any swelling or lumps. […] Your doctor will insert a narrow instrument called a sigmoidoscope or colonoscope into your anus to see the lining of the anal canal and to take a tissue sample (biopsy) that will be sent to a laboratory for testing. […] If anal cancer is detected, you may have scans to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] After a diagnosis of anal cancer, you may feel upset, confused, anxious or upset. […] Anal cancer is rare so your specialist will probably recommend treatment in a specialist centre by a range of health professionals. […] Staging indicates the size of the cancer and how far it has spread and helps your doctors plan the best treatment.

• #2 Anal pain

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anal-pain/

  Anal pain (pain in the bottom) is common. There are things you can do to ease it, but see a GP if you’re in a lot of pain or it does not get better. […] Your symptoms might give you an idea of what is causing anal pain. Do not self-diagnose, see a GP if you’re worried. […] Less often, anal pain can be caused by something else like a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or fungal infection. Rarely, it can be a sign of something serious like anal cancer. […] A pharmacist can recommend medicines to reduce constipation and anal pain such as: painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol, creams or suppositories (medicines you put into your bottom) to ease itching, pain and swelling, medicines that help make it easier to poo (laxatives). […] Non-urgent advice: See a GP if: anal pain is severe, the pain does not improve after a few days, you’ve had blood in your poo or bleeding from your bottom for 3 weeks.

• #3 Anal Pain Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/anal-pain/

  Many causes of anal pain can be resolved with simple self-care treatments you can do at home. However, you should see your GP if you have anal pain that: […] Has lasted for several days […] Is accompanied by rectal bleeding, fever, a change in your bowel habits or anal discharge […] Is severe or getting worse. […] Your GP will ask about your symptoms, any pain after a bowel movement and your general health. To help with diagnosis, your GP may examine your anus and carry out a rectal examination. […] Your GP may refer you for further investigations or to a consultant, such as a gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon. Your doctor may recommend further tests including: […] A sigmoidoscopy a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is passed further inside your gut to look for abnormalities […] An ultrasound scan […] An MRI scan […] Anorectal manometry to measure the force of your anal muscle contractions.

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