Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Keloid Scar: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/keloid-scar

  A keloid scar is a type of raised scar. It forms months to a year after the injury that caused it. The scar grows larger than the initial wound. Keloids dont fade over time. The symptoms of a keloid scar include: A raised scar thats bigger than the wound that caused it. Itchy skin. Pain and tenderness, a burning sensation or discomfort while the scar grows. In some cases, the scar may grow big enough to change the function or decrease the range of motion of that area of your body. You may experience some pain if you have a growing keloid scar. It might feel tender or like a burning sensation just under your skin near the scar. Discomfort might go away when the scar stops growing but you may still experience pain with pressure on the keloid. Keloids can change your appearance. You might feel self-conscious and avoid social activities because of the scar on your skin. Treatment can reduce the keloids size and shape. Not every form of treatment gets rid of keloids completely, but it can significantly change the way the keloid looks. Keloid scars dont go away on their own. With the help of a healthcare provider like a dermatologist, you can reduce the size and appearance of a keloid scar with treatment.

• #1 Keloid scar – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/symptoms-causes/syc-20520901

  A keloid scar may form within months to years of the inciting injury. Signs and symptoms might include: […] Thick, irregular scarring, typically on the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks or middle chest. […] Shiny, hairless, lumpy, raised skin. […] Varied size, depending on the size of the original injury and when the keloid stops growing. […] Varied texture, from soft to firm and rubbery. […] Reddish, brown or purplish, depending on your skin color. […] Itchiness. […] Discomfort. […] Early treatment can help minimize growth of a keloid.

• #1 Keloid scars: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/keloids-symptoms

  Most keloids continue to grow for weeks or months after they appear. […] A few grow for years. Growth tends to be slow. Occasionally, a keloid grows quickly. […] While a keloid is growing, it may feel tender or painful. It may itch or cause a burning sensation. Symptoms tend to end when the keloid stops growing, but not always. […] The first sign is usually thickening skin. About 20% of keloid scars appear more than a year after the injury. […] Once a keloid stops growing, it tends to remain the same size. Unlike other scars, a keloid rarely fades without treatment.

• #1 Keloid Scars: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/keloid-pro

  Symptoms: usually cosmetic, although the scar may be tender, painful, itch or produce a burning sensation. […] The scar has grown beyond the original line of trauma and may be raised and irregular. […] The texture is rubbery. […] It is red in the early stages but becomes brown or pale with age. […] Keloids over a joint can contract and restrict movement. […] Most lesions grow for weeks-months but growth can continue for years. […] Growth is usually slow but some keloids can enlarge rapidly over months. […] When they stop growing, they remain stable or regress slightly.

• #1 How to Recognize the Signs of Keloid Scars and Available Treatment Options | Medical Dermatology Specialists, P.C. Atlanta, GA

  https://www.atlantamedicaldermatology.com/blog/how-to-recognize-the-signs-of-keloid-scars-and-available-treatment-options/

  Unlike typical scars that shrink and flatten over time, keloids may continue to grow for weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. The scar tissue extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. […] Keloid scars often have a smooth and shiny surface, which can distinguish them from other types of scars.

• #1 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1057599-clinical

  Keloids and hypertrophic scars do not usually cause symptoms, but they may be tender, painful, or pruritic or they may cause a burning sensation. […] Most lesions continue to grow for weeks to months and others grow for years. Growth is usually slow, but keloids occasionally enlarge rapidly, tripling in size within months. Once they stop growing, keloids do not usually cause symptoms and remain stable or involute slightly. […] Keloids may be distinguished from hypertrophic scars by their clawlike projections, which are absent in the hypertrophic scar.

• #1 Keloid Scar Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, Cream & Removal

  https://www.medicinenet.com/keloid/article.htm

  Keloid scar develop after surgery or an injury and may continue to grow for some time. […] Keloids are raised and look shiny and dome-shaped, ranging in color from pink to red. Some keloids become quite large and unsightly. […] Aside from causing potential cosmetic problems, these exuberant scars tend to be itchy, tender, or even painful to the touch. […] Small keloids can be effectively treated using a variety of methods. Generally, a series of injections of steroids into the problem area is the simplest and safest approach. The patient needs to understand that the keloid will never entirely disappear but is likely to become less symptomatic and flatter. Larger lesions are more difficult to treat.

• #1 What Are Keloids? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/keloids/guide/

  Keloid scars, which are typically thick and irregular, rarely go away on their own. […] You may have a keloid scar if you may notice the following: It appears gradually. It can take as long as 3 to 12 months or even longer before you to notice a keloid beginning to develop; most tend to appear within a year of the original skin damage. […] It may also grow quickly. Sometimes keloids spread fast, and may, for example, triple in size in as little as a few months. […] Your scar is itchy, tender, or painful. These symptoms usually stop once the keloid is developed. […] Your scar is easily irritated. It may become irritated from friction, such as rubbing against clothing. […] It gradually turns darker. A keloid typically begins as a pink, red, or flesh-colored scar that darkens over time and ends up looking darker than the skin around the scar.

• #1 Keloids: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000849.htm

  A keloid may be: […] A keloid will tan darker than the skin around it if exposed to the sun during the first year after it forms. The darker color may not go away. […] Keloids often do not need treatment. If the keloid bothers you, discuss your concern with a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] These treatments, especially surgery, sometimes cause the keloid scar to become larger.

• #1 Keloid Scars | Cigna

  https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/hw/medical-topics/keloid-scars-abp9862

  Keloids look like firm, raised, hard scars. They grow larger over time. Their colors vary from slightly pink to very dark. […] Keloids can rub against your clothes and become irritated, itchy, or painful. When exposed to the sun, they may turn darker than the rest of your skin. The dark color may stay.

• #1 Keloid – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507899/

  Keloids present clinically as firm, rubbery nodules in an area of prior injury to the skin. […] Patients may complain of pain, itching, or burning. […] Keloids may develop as early as 1 to 3 months or as late as one year after injury. […] In one study, 86% of patients complained of pruritus while 46% experienced pain. […] Keloidal scars are benign, and treatment is primarily directed toward symptom relief or cosmetic concerns. […] Keloids are a result of aberrant wound healing. In contrast to hypertrophic scars, keloidal tissue extends beyond the area of initial skin injury. […] Treatment is difficult and rests primarily in symptom relief.

• #1 Recognizing the Early Indicators: First Signs of Keloid Scar Formation | Orlando, FL

  https://www.wetreatkeloids.com/blog/recognizing-the-early-indicators-first-signs-of-keloid-scar-formation/

  Keloids can be accompanied by pain or tenderness, especially when pressure is applied. If you experience pain or heightened sensitivity in the scarred area, it is advisable to seek professional evaluation to determine if keloid formation is occurring. […] Keloids often grow more rapidly than typical scars. If you notice a sudden and significant increase in the size of a scar, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough examination. […] Keloids frequently form in areas of the body with high skin tension, such as the chest, shoulders, earlobes and upper back. If you have a wound in a high-tension area, closely monitor the healing process and be aware of any signs of abnormal scarring. […] Individuals who have previously developed keloids may be more susceptible to their recurrence. If you have a history of keloids, pay close attention to any new scars or wounds, and seek prompt medical attention if you observe signs of keloid formation.

• #1 Keloid scars

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/keloid-scars/

  A keloid scar usually appears a few weeks to years after you damage or injure your skin, such as after a cut, burn or acne. […] A keloid scar usually grows for months or years and becomes bigger than the original wound. […] While it’s growing, it may feel itchy or painful. This usually stops once it’s finished growing. […] If it’s on or near a joint, the joint can be uncomfortable or difficult to move.

• #1 Keloid Scar: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/keloid-scar

  A keloid scar happens when your body produces more collagen than it needs to heal an injury. Collagen is a protein that gives your skin support and strength. After an injury, collagen helps bring structure to the wound and aids in rebuilding your skin. Too much collagen after damage to your skin causes a keloid. Providers dont know exactly why this happens. […] Complications of a keloid scar may include: Permanent skin darkening on the scar with sunlight exposure. Pain that continues when the scar stops growing. Low self-esteem and/or social isolation due to appearance changes.

• #1 Keloids – British Skin Foundation

  https://knowyourskin.britishskinfoundation.org.uk/condition/keloids/

  While keloids are growing, they may feel itchy, prickly and/or sore. Once they have stopped growing there is usually no discomfort. If they are located over or near a joint, they can restrict movement. […] Keloids are enlarged, raised scars. They can be skin-coloured, pink/red/maroon, or darker than the surrounding skin. They usually feel firm and smooth. They are shiny and hairless. A keloid can appear within 3-4 weeks of a skin wound but can take a year or longer to appear. A keloid may continue to grow for months or years. Multiple keloids may develop, especially after acne or chickenpox, although most people only have one or two.

• #1 Risk factors associated with the progression from keloids to severe keloids

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276150/

  Keloids are benign fibrous growths that are caused by excessive tissue build-up. Severe keloids exert more significant effects on patients quality of life than do mild keloids. […] A previous study found that about 40% of keloids progress to become severe keloids. […] In addition, more patients with severe than mild keloids excessively scrubbed their keloids in their daily lives (53.9% [48/89] vs. 32.1% [52/162]; P=0.001). […] The most common comorbidities of keloids were acne (29.1% [73/251]), allergic diseases (14.7% [37/251]), and bacterial/fungal/viral skin diseases (11.2% [28/251]). […] It is worth noting that rheumatism was present significantly more frequently in patients with severe keloids than in those with mild keloids (6.7% [6/89] vs. 0.6% [1/162]; P=0.016). […] Patients in the severe keloid group had a significantly longer disease duration than did those in the mild keloid group (15.7211.97 years vs. 10.467.58 years; P0.001).

• #1 Risk factors associated with the progression from keloids to severe keloids

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276150/

  Significantly more patients with severe than with mild keloids had severe pain (33.7% [30/89] vs. 13.6% [22/162]; P=0.001), constant pain (23.6% [21/89] vs. 13.6% [22/162]; P=0.049), and severe pruritus (36.0% [32/89] vs. 19.8% [32/162]; P=0.019). […] A high proportion of severe keloids become infected, such infection being another cited contributor to these patients poor quality of life. […] The final logistic regression model included excessive scrubbing of keloids (odds ratio [OR], 8.65; P=0.001), low or middle family incomes (OR, 13.44; P=0.021), comorbidity of rheumatism (OR, 18.97; P=0.021), disease duration of over 15 years (OR, 2.98; P=0.046), infection (OR, 3.55; P=0.005), and multiple keloids located at multiple sites (OR, 3.18; P=0.033). […] Our results highlight the need for physicians to pay attention to the risk factors that may lead to the progression of mild keloids and encourage them to implement more active and thorough measures, such as surgery followed by radiotherapy, in patients with these risk factors.

• #1 Keloid Scars: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/keloids

  Keloids come from the overgrowth of scar tissue. Keloid scars tend to be larger than the original wound. They may take weeks or months to fully develop. […] The symptoms of a keloid can include: a localized area that is flesh-colored, pink, or red, a lumpy or ridged area of skin that’s usually raised, an area that continues to grow larger with scar tissue over time, an itchy patch of skin. […] While keloid scars may be itchy, they’re usually not harmful to your health. You may experience discomfort, tenderness, or irritation from your clothing or other forms of friction. […] Keloid scarring can form on large areas of your body, but this is generally rare. When it happens, the hardened, tight scar tissue may restrict your movement. […] Keloids are often more of a cosmetic concern than a health concern. You may feel self-conscious if a keloid is very large or in a highly visible location, such as on your earlobe or your face.

• #1 Symptoms | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/scars/symptoms.html

  Scars often prove challenging to treat, which is why choosing the right doctor is so important. […] While scars never completely disappear, we can significantly reduce their size and improve your appearance. […] Symptoms of Scars […] Scarring can cause side effects including: […] Severe itching […] Tenderness or pain […] Disturbed sleep […] Anxiety or depression […] Interference with daily life […] Infection (redness, itchiness, or raised surface)

• #1 Keloids and hypertrophic scars – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/keloids-and-hypertrophic-scars

  Keloids and hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative disorders that result from aberrant wound healing in predisposed individuals following trauma, inflammation, surgery, or burns. While hypertrophic scars do not exceed the margins of the original wound, keloids are characterized by continuous growth and invasion into the adjacent, healthy skin beyond the original wound boundary. Keloids are often associated with pain and itch, can be disfiguring, and impair function and quality of life. Keloids also have a marked tendency to recur when surgically excised. […] Hypertrophic scars become obvious within weeks of injury. In patients with minor or absent risk factors for pathologic scarring, these lesions generally grow for three to six months, enter a plateau phase, and then start to regress. However, if risk factors for abnormal scarring are strong (eg, stretching), they will keep growing. […] The most important subjective symptoms of keloids are pain and itching, which are usually more prominent in keloids than in hypertrophic scars.

• #1 Keloid scar – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20520902

  Your doctor usually can tell whether you have a keloid by looking at the affected skin. […] Even after successful flattening or removal, keloids can grow back, sometimes bigger than before. Or you may develop new ones. […] Possible side effects of corticosteroid injections are skin thinning, spider veins and a permanent change in skin color (hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation). […] Possible side effects of cryotherapy are blistering, pain and loss of skin color (hypopigmentation). […] Possible side effects, which are more common in people with darker skin, include hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation, blistering and crusting. […] Possible side effects of radiation therapy are skin complications and, in the long term, cancer. […] Surgery alone has a recurrence rate of 45% to 100%. […] Some clinical studies have shown that onion extract used orally or on the skin might possibly be effective in improving the appearance of keloid scars and reducing itchiness and discomfort. […] Have your symptoms been getting better or worse over time?

• #1 Keloid scar // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/keloid-scar

  A keloid scar may form within months to years of the inciting injury. Signs and symptoms might include: […] Thick, irregular scarring, typically on the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks or middle chest. […] Shiny, hairless, lumpy, raised skin. […] Varied size, depending on the size of the original injury and when the keloid stops growing. […] Varied texture, from soft to firm and rubbery. […] Reddish, brown or purplish, depending on your skin color. […] Itchiness. […] Discomfort. […] Early treatment can help minimize growth of a keloid. […] Even after successful flattening or removal, keloids can grow back, sometimes bigger than before. Or you may develop new ones.

• #1 Keloid – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/629/?locale=fr

  Keloid is a form of abnormal scarring that occurs in susceptible individuals. […] More common in darker skin types. […] slow growth/lack of spontaneous regression. […] erythematous, smooth, and shiny elevated scar with overhanging edge. […] itch or pain. […] Keloid scars are increasingly considered an extreme form of hypertrophic scarring based on both clinical and histological evolution; in other words, a hypertrophic stage precedes the development of a keloid scar.

• #1 Recognizing the Early Indicators: First Signs of Keloid Scar Formation | Orlando, FL

  https://www.wetreatkeloids.com/blog/recognizing-the-early-indicators-first-signs-of-keloid-scar-formation/

  One of the primary characteristics of keloid scars is their raised and thickened appearance. Pay attention to any changes in the texture of the scar tissue. If you notice that the scar is becoming elevated and feels thicker than the surrounding skin, it could be an early sign of keloid formation. […] Keloids are often accompanied by intense itching or irritation. If you experience persistent itching or discomfort at the site of a healing wound or scar, it is essential to monitor for any changes in the scars appearance. […] Keloids may exhibit changes in color, often appearing red or darker than the surrounding skin. […] Keloids extend beyond the borders of the original wound, creating a larger scar area. Compare the size of the scar to the dimensions of the initial wound. If the scar is expanding beyond these boundaries, it could be a sign of keloid growth.

• #1 How to Recognize the Signs of Keloid Scars and Available Treatment Options | Medical Dermatology Specialists, P.C. Atlanta, GA

  https://www.atlantamedicaldermatology.com/blog/how-to-recognize-the-signs-of-keloid-scars-and-available-treatment-options/

  Keloid scars are a type of raised scar that occurs when the body produces excess collagen during the healing process. Unlike regular scars, keloids can grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and continue to enlarge over time. […] Recognizing the early signs of keloid formation is crucial for timely intervention. Here are some indicators that you may be developing a keloid scar: […] One of the first signs of a keloid is the development of a raised area at the site of the injury. While most scars are flat, keloids are characterized by their thick, raised appearance. […] Keloid scars often appear as pink, red, or purple in color, especially in the early stages. Over time, the color may fade, but the scar remains raised and noticeable. […] Many people with keloids report itching or tenderness around the scar. This discomfort can persist as the keloid continues to grow.

• #1 Keloid – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/629

  Keloid is a form of abnormal scarring that occurs in susceptible individuals. […] More common in darker skin types. […] Diagnosis is clinical. […] Treatment options include injectable preparations, cryotherapy, as well as surgery and radiotherapy. […] slow growth/lack of spontaneous regression. […] erythematous, smooth, and shiny elevated scar with overhanging edge. […] itch or pain. […] Keloid scars are increasingly considered an extreme form of hypertrophic scarring based on both clinical and histological evolution; in other words, a hypertrophic stage precedes the development of a keloid scar.

• #1 Management of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0801/p253.html

  Keloids are elevated fibrous scars that extend beyond the borders of the original wound, do not regress, and usually recur after excision. […] Scar hypertrophy usually appears within a month of injury, whereas keloids may take three months or even years to develop. […] Keloids are more common in persons younger than 30 years, with risk peaking between 10 to 20 years of age, and in patients with elevated hormone levels (e.g., during puberty or pregnancy). […] Keloids are more than just cosmetically unacceptable; many are also pruritic and painful. They often result in severe emotional distress.

• #1 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars Are the Result of Chronic Inflammation in the Reticular Dermis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/3/606

  In our opinion, of all the many local factors that contribute to pathological scar development, the most important is local mechanical forces. […] In terms of systemic risk factors, adolescence and pregnancy appear to associate with a greater risk of developing pathological scars. […] Our recent study also showed that hypertension associates with the development of severe keloids. […] Another systemic risk factor for pathological scar development and/or progression is inflammation. […] Some keloid and hypertrophic scar patients have a familial history of pathological scarring, which suggests that these scars can be driven by genetic factors. […] Many classical textbooks consider keloids and hypertrophic scars to be distinct types of scar. […] It was reported that proinflammatory factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α are upregulated in keloid tissues. […] At present, physicians cannot (or at least find it very difficult to) control systemic and genetic factors. However, they can use a number of treatment modalities that all, interestingly, act by reducing inflammation.

• #1 Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Complete Overview — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/keloid-and-hypertrophic-scar

  The aims of treatment are to reduce the cosmetic disfigurement and functional problems caused by the keloid and reduce pain and itch. […] Scar dressings should be worn for 1224 hours per day, for at least 8 to 12 weeks, and perhaps for much longer. […] However, patients with keloids have a slightly higher risk of skin cancer than non-keloid individuals.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar

  Early treatment can help minimize growth of a keloid. Talk with a doctor soon after you notice a keloid. If you want to treat one that you’ve had for a while, talk with a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist). […] Keloids located on a joint might develop hard, tight tissue that restricts movement. […] Keloid scar treatments include the following. One or a combination of approaches might be best for your situation. Even after successful flattening or removal, keloids can grow back, sometimes bigger than before.

• #1 Keloid scars: recognition and management – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/keloid-scars-recognition-and-management

  Keloid scars can cause prolonged pain and pruritus, as well as being cosmetically disfiguring, which can cause emotional and psychological distress to patients. Depending on location and size, they can restrict movement. There is a risk of recurrence of keloids with any therapy, with the highest recurrence rate following surgical excision.

• #1 Keloid Scars On Vagina: Comprehensive Guide To Causes, Risks, And Treatment Options – The VagRes

  https://vaginal-rejuvenation.clinic/health/keloid-scars-on-vagina-treatments/

  Skin Tightness: The scar tissue may cause a feeling of tightness or restricted movement in the surrounding skin. […] Psychological Impact: The presence of keloids in intimate areas can lead to emotional distress, affecting self-esteem and sexual well-being. […] Its important to note that symptoms can vary greatly between individuals, and not all keloids will cause discomfort or continue to grow.

• #1 Keloid: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/keloid/

  Keloids are dense, thick nodules (solid, raised bumps that are firm to the touch) or plaques (raised or bumpy areas larger than a thumbnail) typically found at areas of previously injured skin (such as burns, cuts, and piercings), or they may arise spontaneously on healthy skin. […] Over weeks to months, keloids can become painful and itchy, and they may grow to become very large, up to about 30 cm. […] Keloids are usually seen on the neck, ear lobes, legs, arms, and on the upper trunk, especially the chest. They frequently appear in the site of a previous injury. […] Keloids may grow larger than the original area of injury. […] Seek medical evaluation if keloids become bothersome or cause pain or itch.

• #1

  https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/conditions/hypertrophic-keloid-scars

  A keloid scar is also the skin’s response to injury (or the presence of foreign material), but the keloid scar is a firmer, flat or stalked exaggerated overgrowth of dense scar tissue that develops after the skin heals and is larger than the injured area. It tends to get bigger over time. […] If a keloid or hypertrophic scar occurs, they are usually easy to identify based on the physical symptoms: […] The scar presents with raised, thick and hardened tissue on the wound site. […] The scar can have a pink, purple or red hue to it. […] They typically develop a month or two after an injury. […] The scars are most frequent on the back, chest, upper arms or other areas on the upper trunk of the body. […] If keloid or hypertrophic scars get reaggravated due to another injury, sunburn or other reasons, they can cause additional symptoms such as pain, tenderness or itching. […] If the scars occur over a joint in the body, they can limit movement and cause problems with the use of the arms or legs.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/SkincareAddiction/comments/piqn8y/acne_8_month_progression_of_dealing_with_my/

  After dealing with this keloid on my [27F] chest for years, I’m proud to say that I’ve finally got it reduced! I got this keloid 13 years ago and after first not being noticeable initially, it slowly got bigger over time. […] I first started seeing signs of improvement after the second shot and now (8 months later) it’s gone down quite a bit! […] As you can see here from my progress pics it still looks much flatter than prior to the injections, but I do notice it is a bit more portruded since it peak flattened about 5 months after the second shot.

• #2 Keloid scars: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/keloids-symptoms

  Most keloids continue to grow for weeks or months after they appear. […] A few grow for years. Growth tends to be slow. Occasionally, a keloid grows quickly. […] While a keloid is growing, it may feel tender or painful. It may itch or cause a burning sensation. Symptoms tend to end when the keloid stops growing, but not always. […] The first sign is usually thickening skin. About 20% of keloid scars appear more than a year after the injury. […] Once a keloid stops growing, it tends to remain the same size. Unlike other scars, a keloid rarely fades without treatment.

• #2 Keloid scars

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/keloid-scars/

  A keloid scar usually appears a few weeks to years after you damage or injure your skin, such as after a cut, burn or acne. […] A keloid scar usually grows for months or years and becomes bigger than the original wound. […] While it’s growing, it may feel itchy or painful. This usually stops once it’s finished growing. […] If it’s on or near a joint, the joint can be uncomfortable or difficult to move.

• #2 Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Complete Overview — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/keloid-and-hypertrophic-scar

  Keloids are usually: […] Can be uncomfortable and itchy […] Can occur years after injury […] Grow beyond the initiating wound area. […] Keloids may develop after minor injuries such as trauma, burns, insect bites, surgery, cryotherapy, topical therapies (eg, imiquimod), acne, infections (eg, shingles), and immunisation. […] Keloids can arise months to years after an injury. […] The pathogenesis is hypothesised to involve dysregulation of the normal healing process resulting in excessive production of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and extracellular matrix proteins. […] Keloids may reveal: […] Keloidal collagen may be absent in up to half of keloids. […] A hypertrophic scar may resolve spontaneously and is likely to respond better to treatment than a keloid. Conversely, keloids are likely to persist without spontaneous resolution and prove resistant to treatment.

• #2 Recognizing the Early Indicators: First Signs of Keloid Scar Formation | Orlando, FL

  https://www.wetreatkeloids.com/blog/recognizing-the-early-indicators-first-signs-of-keloid-scar-formation/

  One of the primary characteristics of keloid scars is their raised and thickened appearance. Pay attention to any changes in the texture of the scar tissue. If you notice that the scar is becoming elevated and feels thicker than the surrounding skin, it could be an early sign of keloid formation. […] Keloids are often accompanied by intense itching or irritation. If you experience persistent itching or discomfort at the site of a healing wound or scar, it is essential to monitor for any changes in the scars appearance. […] Keloids may exhibit changes in color, often appearing red or darker than the surrounding skin. […] Keloids extend beyond the borders of the original wound, creating a larger scar area. Compare the size of the scar to the dimensions of the initial wound. If the scar is expanding beyond these boundaries, it could be a sign of keloid growth.

• #2 Keloid scar – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/symptoms-causes/syc-20520901

  A keloid scar may form within months to years of the inciting injury. Signs and symptoms might include: […] Thick, irregular scarring, typically on the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks or middle chest. […] Shiny, hairless, lumpy, raised skin. […] Varied size, depending on the size of the original injury and when the keloid stops growing. […] Varied texture, from soft to firm and rubbery. […] Reddish, brown or purplish, depending on your skin color. […] Itchiness. […] Discomfort. […] Early treatment can help minimize growth of a keloid.

• #2 Keloid Scars: Symptoms, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/keloid-scar

  Keloid scars tend to develop and grow slowly. It can take a few months, or even longer than a year, for a keloid scar to appear. The proliferating scar may continue to grow and spread for weeks, months or years. However, it is possible for a keloid scar to grow and spread very quickly. They range in size from small dots to large growths of 12 inches or more. They most commonly appear on the ears, face, neck, shoulders, upper back, and chest. Scars on the upper trunk tend to be the largest. […] Common keloid scar symptoms include: Pain, itching or tenderness. Large scars can also limit movement of the affected body part. Pink, red or purple color. The scar is usually darker than a person’s normal skin tone. It may continue to darken with time and sun exposure. Raised skin surface that feels different from surrounding skin. The raised area is usually fixed in place, meaning you can’t move it. Larger keloids can restrict movement. Soft, rubbery or hard texture.

• #2 Keloid – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keloid

  Keloids expand in claw-like growths over normal skin. They can hurt with a needle-like pain or to itch, the degree of sensation varying from person to person. […] Keloids typically form within scar tissue. Collagen, used in wound repair, tends to overgrow in this area, sometimes producing a lump many times larger than that of the original scar. They can also range in color from pink to red. […] Keloids can sometimes be sensitive to chlorine. If a keloid appears when someone is still growing, the keloid can continue to grow as well. […] Keloids present a therapeutic challenge that must be addressed, as these lesions can cause significant pain, pruritus (itching), and physical disfigurement. They may not improve in appearance over time and can limit mobility if located over a joint. […] Keloids can tend to appear to grow over time without even piercing the skin, almost acting out a slow tumorous growth; the reason for this tendency is unknown.

• #2 Keloid Scar: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/keloid-scar

  A keloid scar is a type of raised scar. It forms months to a year after the injury that caused it. The scar grows larger than the initial wound. Keloids dont fade over time. The symptoms of a keloid scar include: A raised scar thats bigger than the wound that caused it. Itchy skin. Pain and tenderness, a burning sensation or discomfort while the scar grows. In some cases, the scar may grow big enough to change the function or decrease the range of motion of that area of your body. You may experience some pain if you have a growing keloid scar. It might feel tender or like a burning sensation just under your skin near the scar. Discomfort might go away when the scar stops growing but you may still experience pain with pressure on the keloid. Keloids can change your appearance. You might feel self-conscious and avoid social activities because of the scar on your skin. Treatment can reduce the keloids size and shape. Not every form of treatment gets rid of keloids completely, but it can significantly change the way the keloid looks. Keloid scars dont go away on their own. With the help of a healthcare provider like a dermatologist, you can reduce the size and appearance of a keloid scar with treatment.

• #2 Risk factors associated with the progression from keloids to severe keloids

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276150/

  Significantly more patients with severe than with mild keloids had severe pain (33.7% [30/89] vs. 13.6% [22/162]; P=0.001), constant pain (23.6% [21/89] vs. 13.6% [22/162]; P=0.049), and severe pruritus (36.0% [32/89] vs. 19.8% [32/162]; P=0.019). […] A high proportion of severe keloids become infected, such infection being another cited contributor to these patients poor quality of life. […] The final logistic regression model included excessive scrubbing of keloids (odds ratio [OR], 8.65; P=0.001), low or middle family incomes (OR, 13.44; P=0.021), comorbidity of rheumatism (OR, 18.97; P=0.021), disease duration of over 15 years (OR, 2.98; P=0.046), infection (OR, 3.55; P=0.005), and multiple keloids located at multiple sites (OR, 3.18; P=0.033). […] Our results highlight the need for physicians to pay attention to the risk factors that may lead to the progression of mild keloids and encourage them to implement more active and thorough measures, such as surgery followed by radiotherapy, in patients with these risk factors.

• #2 Keloid Scars On Vagina: Comprehensive Guide To Causes, Risks, And Treatment Options – The VagRes

  https://vaginal-rejuvenation.clinic/health/keloid-scars-on-vagina-treatments/

  Keloid scars on vagina are raised, thickened scars that occur when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process of a wound or injury to the vaginal skin. They can be itchy, painful, or cosmetically unappealing. […] Keloid scars on the vagina can present with various symptoms: […] Appearance: Raised, thickened scar tissue that extends beyond the original wound boundaries. The color can range from pink to red, purple, or brown. […] Growth: Unlike normal scars, keloids may continue to grow over time, sometimes for years after the initial injury. […] Itching: Many individuals experience persistent itching in the affected area. […] Pain or Tenderness: The scar may be painful to touch or cause a constant aching sensation. […] Burning Sensations: Some people report a burning feeling in and around the keloid.

• #2 Keloid Scars: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/keloids

  Keloids come from the overgrowth of scar tissue. Keloid scars tend to be larger than the original wound. They may take weeks or months to fully develop. […] The symptoms of a keloid can include: a localized area that is flesh-colored, pink, or red, a lumpy or ridged area of skin that’s usually raised, an area that continues to grow larger with scar tissue over time, an itchy patch of skin. […] While keloid scars may be itchy, they’re usually not harmful to your health. You may experience discomfort, tenderness, or irritation from your clothing or other forms of friction. […] Keloid scarring can form on large areas of your body, but this is generally rare. When it happens, the hardened, tight scar tissue may restrict your movement. […] Keloids are often more of a cosmetic concern than a health concern. You may feel self-conscious if a keloid is very large or in a highly visible location, such as on your earlobe or your face.

• #2 Keloid Scars: Symptoms, Causes, Prevention & Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/keloid-scar

  Keloid scarring develops when fibroblasts do not stop multiplying once the wound has healed. The scar continues to grow and spread, often covering an area larger than the original wound. Basically, the scar grows into a benign, or noncancerous, tumor. This process usually happens slowly with time. Keloid scars can take several months or longer to appear after a wound heals.

• #2 Keloids: Symptoms and Treatment | The Dermatology & Skin Surgery Center of Wilmington

  https://www.wilmingtonskinsurgerycenter.com/conditions/keloids

  Keloids, a distinctive type of raised scar, form when the skin overreacts to an injury or trauma, resulting in an excess growth of collagen. […] At The Dermatology Skin Surgery Center of Wilmington, we recognize that keloids extend beyond a mere cosmetic concern, often becoming raised, itchy, or even painful. […] These raised scars and overgrowth of scar tissue can emerge after skin injuries, piercings, or surgical procedures, affecting individuals with varying, diverse skin types. […] What are the Symptoms of Keloids? Raised and overgrown tissue extending beyond the borders of the original wound, forming a raised scar. […] Distinct coloration compared to the surrounding skin, appearing pink, red, brown, or darker. […] Itching and burning sensations at the site of the scar. […] Continuous growth. […] Triggered by trauma incidents such as burns, cuts, surgical wounds, or even after conditions like chickenpox. […] Recurrence or propensity to recur even after removal or treatment. […] Restricted mobility when keloids form over joints or areas of movement due to their firm and raised nature.

• #2 Keloids: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000849.htm

  A keloid may be: […] A keloid will tan darker than the skin around it if exposed to the sun during the first year after it forms. The darker color may not go away. […] Keloids often do not need treatment. If the keloid bothers you, discuss your concern with a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] These treatments, especially surgery, sometimes cause the keloid scar to become larger.

• #2 Keloid Scar: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/keloid-scar

  A keloid scar happens when your body produces more collagen than it needs to heal an injury. Collagen is a protein that gives your skin support and strength. After an injury, collagen helps bring structure to the wound and aids in rebuilding your skin. Too much collagen after damage to your skin causes a keloid. Providers dont know exactly why this happens. […] Complications of a keloid scar may include: Permanent skin darkening on the scar with sunlight exposure. Pain that continues when the scar stops growing. Low self-esteem and/or social isolation due to appearance changes.

• #2 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars Are the Result of Chronic Inflammation in the Reticular Dermis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/3/606

  Keloids and hypertrophic scars are caused by cutaneous injury and irritation, including trauma, insect bite, burn, surgery, vaccination, skin piercing, acne, folliculitis, chicken pox, and herpes zoster infection. Notably, superficial injuries that do not reach the reticular dermis never cause keloidal and hypertrophic scarring. […] While keloids and hypertrophic scars are generally first observed around 3 months after injury, this merely reflects the fact that the inflammation of the reticular dermis, which starts immediately after the initial injury, only becomes visible through the epidermis to the naked eye at this time point. […] The intensity, frequency, and duration of the stimuli determine how quickly the scars appear, the direction and speed of growth, and the intensity of symptoms.

• #2 How to Recognize the Signs of Keloid Scars and Available Treatment Options | Medical Dermatology Specialists, P.C. Atlanta, GA

  https://www.atlantamedicaldermatology.com/blog/how-to-recognize-the-signs-of-keloid-scars-and-available-treatment-options/

  Keloid scars are a type of raised scar that occurs when the body produces excess collagen during the healing process. Unlike regular scars, keloids can grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and continue to enlarge over time. […] Recognizing the early signs of keloid formation is crucial for timely intervention. Here are some indicators that you may be developing a keloid scar: […] One of the first signs of a keloid is the development of a raised area at the site of the injury. While most scars are flat, keloids are characterized by their thick, raised appearance. […] Keloid scars often appear as pink, red, or purple in color, especially in the early stages. Over time, the color may fade, but the scar remains raised and noticeable. […] Many people with keloids report itching or tenderness around the scar. This discomfort can persist as the keloid continues to grow.

• #2 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars Are the Result of Chronic Inflammation in the Reticular Dermis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/3/606

  In our opinion, of all the many local factors that contribute to pathological scar development, the most important is local mechanical forces. […] In terms of systemic risk factors, adolescence and pregnancy appear to associate with a greater risk of developing pathological scars. […] Our recent study also showed that hypertension associates with the development of severe keloids. […] Another systemic risk factor for pathological scar development and/or progression is inflammation. […] Some keloid and hypertrophic scar patients have a familial history of pathological scarring, which suggests that these scars can be driven by genetic factors. […] Many classical textbooks consider keloids and hypertrophic scars to be distinct types of scar. […] It was reported that proinflammatory factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α are upregulated in keloid tissues. […] At present, physicians cannot (or at least find it very difficult to) control systemic and genetic factors. However, they can use a number of treatment modalities that all, interestingly, act by reducing inflammation.

• #2

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/keloid

  A keloid is a type of scar where a raised bump forms on the skin due to cells overproducing scar tissue. […] Some keloids are itchy or painful and in severe cases, can affect movement of skin. […] Keloid scars are fifteen times more frequently in highly pigmented ethnic groups than in Caucasians.

• #2 Keloids: Symptoms and Treatment | The Dermatology & Skin Surgery Center of Wilmington

  https://www.wilmingtonskinsurgerycenter.com/conditions/keloids

  Keloids are generally not harmful to your health, but they can cause cosmetic concerns and discomfort. […] Keloids usually don’t go away on their own. They may continue to grow over time. Seeking dermatological advice early on is crucial for proper management and to prevent them from becoming larger.

• #2

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/keloid-scars/

  Keloids are more common in individuals with darker skin tones and can be itchy, tender, or painful. […] Keloids may grow larger gradually, extending beyond the original wound area. […] In some cases, keloid scars can be sensitive to touch or pressure, causing pain or discomfort. […] Large keloids near joints or on mobile parts of the body may restrict movement due to their size and stiffness.

• #2

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar

  Early treatment can help minimize growth of a keloid. Talk with a doctor soon after you notice a keloid. If you want to treat one that you’ve had for a while, talk with a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist). […] Keloids located on a joint might develop hard, tight tissue that restricts movement. […] Keloid scar treatments include the following. One or a combination of approaches might be best for your situation. Even after successful flattening or removal, keloids can grow back, sometimes bigger than before.

• #3 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1057599-clinical

  Keloids and hypertrophic scars do not usually cause symptoms, but they may be tender, painful, or pruritic or they may cause a burning sensation. […] Most lesions continue to grow for weeks to months and others grow for years. Growth is usually slow, but keloids occasionally enlarge rapidly, tripling in size within months. Once they stop growing, keloids do not usually cause symptoms and remain stable or involute slightly. […] Keloids may be distinguished from hypertrophic scars by their clawlike projections, which are absent in the hypertrophic scar.

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