Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-atresia-pa/

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s physician. Children with pulmonary atresia will most likely be admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) once symptoms are noted. Initially, the child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the CVICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] As your child recovers, you will be provided with instruction on how to care for the recovering child at home. Caregivers are provided written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations and follow-up appointments before the child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen, may be recommended to keep the child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before the child is discharged from the hospital.

• #2 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/Wellness/Behavior/90,P01809

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect. It happens when the baby’s heart doesnt form as it should in the uterus. This can happen during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. […] A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] After the surgical repair and time for recovery in the hospital, your baby will be able to go home. Your child’s healthcare provider may advise pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to keep your baby comfortable. Your child’s heart care team will talk about pain control before your child goes home.

• #3 Pulmonary Atresia – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia/

  Babies with pulmonary atresia get blood to their lungs by different paths since the normal path is blocked. Even so, they do not get the normal amount of oxygen to their bodies, which causes cyanosis. […] Your child’s doctor will suggest some procedures and treatments right away to improve your baby’s blood flow. Other procedures may be done when your baby gets older, such as open-heart surgery to repair or replace the valve. Most babies can be helped with surgery. […] We provide comprehensive care for children with pulmonary atresia. […] Your doctor may give your baby medicine (prostaglandin) to keep the ductus arteriosus from closing. This gives blood a way to get to your baby’s lung arteries when the normal path between the heart and lungs is closed. If your baby is diagnosed before birth, the delivery team will plan to start this medicine soon after birth.

• #4 About Pulmonary Atresia | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/pulmonary-atresia.html

  People with pulmonary atresia should schedule routine checkups with a heart doctor throughout their lives to stay as healthy as possible. […] A baby with pulmonary atresia may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth. Therefore, pulmonary atresia is considered a critical congenital heart defect (critical CHD). […] Most babies will need medication to keep their ductus arteriosus open after birth. Keeping this blood vessel open will help with blood flow to the lungs until the pulmonary valve can be repaired. […] In most cases of pulmonary atresia, a baby may need surgery soon after birth. During surgery, doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery. If a baby has a VSD, the doctor will use a patch. The patch closes the hole between the lower chambers of the heart. These actions will improve blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body. […] Most babies with pulmonary atresia will need routine checkups with a heart doctor. A heart doctor will monitor a baby’s progress and check for other health conditions that might develop as they get older. As adults, they may need more surgery or medical care for other possible problems.

• #5 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://livinghealthy.hawaiipacifichealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/EyeCare/90,P01809

  Pulmonary atresia is an abnormal development of the pulmonary valve. […] Without repair, the heart cant pump oxygenated blood to the body and cant support life. […] Your child will get special care in the hospital until surgery can be done. […] Your child will continue to need special care after the surgery and once they are home. This includes special formula and supplemental feedings. […] Your child will need lifetime follow-up care with a pediatric cardiologist and adult cardiologist familiar with congenital heart defects. […] Your child will likely need more surgery. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition.

• #6 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://krames.forthealthcare.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Pathology/90,P01809

  A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life.

• #7 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-atresia-pa/

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s physician. Children with pulmonary atresia will most likely be admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) once symptoms are noted. Initially, the child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the CVICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] As your child recovers, you will be provided with instruction on how to care for the recovering child at home. Caregivers are provided written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations and follow-up appointments before the child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen, may be recommended to keep the child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before the child is discharged from the hospital.

• #8 Pulmonary Atresia – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=pulmonary-atresia-90-P01809

  Your baby will be treated by a pediatric cardiologist. This is a doctor with special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a ventilator, to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help his or her heart and lungs work better. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of his or her life.

• #9 Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is an abnormal development of the pulmonary valve. […] Your child will get special care in the hospital until surgery can be done. […] A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] After the surgical repair and time for recovery in the hospital, your baby will be able to go home. Your child’s healthcare provider may advise pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to keep your baby comfortable. Your child’s heart care team will talk about pain control before your child goes home.

• #10 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/patients/child/encyclopedia/defects/pa

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a complicated congenital (present at birth) heart defect. It occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart in the first trimester of pregnancy. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s doctor based on: Your child’s age, overall health and medical history, Extent of the disease, Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies, Expectations for the course of the disease, Your opinion or preference. […] After birth, it is important to make sure the ductus arteriosus stays open to allow blood to get to the lungs to pick up oxygen. An IV medicine called prostaglandin (PGE-1) is used to keep the ductus arteriosus open. […] Many babies will then undergo a procedure to provide more stable blood flow to the lungs and allow them to grow before they undergo further surgeries. This procedure can be done either with surgery or with a catheter-based procedure.

• #11 Pulmonary Atresia – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia/

  Babies with pulmonary atresia get blood to their lungs by different paths since the normal path is blocked. Even so, they do not get the normal amount of oxygen to their bodies, which causes cyanosis. […] Your child’s doctor will suggest some procedures and treatments right away to improve your baby’s blood flow. Other procedures may be done when your baby gets older, such as open-heart surgery to repair or replace the valve. Most babies can be helped with surgery. […] We provide comprehensive care for children with pulmonary atresia. […] Your doctor may give your baby medicine (prostaglandin) to keep the ductus arteriosus from closing. This gives blood a way to get to your baby’s lung arteries when the normal path between the heart and lungs is closed. If your baby is diagnosed before birth, the delivery team will plan to start this medicine soon after birth.

• #12 Pulmonary Atresia | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve doesn’t form properly. The pulmonary valve connects the right side of the heart to the pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lungs to get oxygen. […] Babies born with pulmonary atresia are unable to survive without an initial medication and eventual intervention or surgery, as they lack the proper connection between the right-side of the heart and the lungs. Babies born with pulmonary atresia don’t have enough oxygen in their blood to support the body’s needs. […] Newborns with pulmonary atresia depend on maintaining these connections after birth to allow blood to travel to the lungs for oxygen. While the PDA typically closes after birth, medications can be used to keep it open. […] Treatment is required after birth to improve blood flow to the lungs and meet the baby’s oxygen needs.

• #13 Pulmonary atresia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is a life-threatening condition that needs emergency treatment. Treatment includes surgery to repair the heart and medicines to help the heart work better. […] Babies need emergency medical care for pulmonary atresia symptoms. The choice of surgeries or procedures depends on how severe the condition is. […] Medicine may be given through an IV to keep the ductus arteriosus open. This is not a long-term treatment for pulmonary atresia. But it gives healthcare professionals more time to decide what type of surgery or procedure might be best. […] Here are some tips for caring for someone with pulmonary atresia after coming home from the hospital: Go to scheduled health checkups. A person born with pulmonary atresia needs regular checkups, even as an adult. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases, called a congenital cardiologist, often provides care. Get recommended vaccines, including yearly flu vaccines. […] Talking with other parents who have a child with a congenital heart defect might give you comfort and support. Ask a member of your child’s care team about local support groups.

• #14 Pulmonary Atresia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  How is pulmonary atresia treated? […] Babies with pulmonary atresia need some type of treatment soon after birth. The specific type of treatment your baby needs will depend on the severity of his or her condition. There are a few types of treatments for pulmonary atresia. […] The doctor may give your child an IV (intravenous) medication called prostaglandin to keep the ductus arteriosus open. […] A cardiac catheterization is often performed to determine how blood is supplied to the heart in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. […] Many children with pulmonary atresia need one or more surgeries to fix the problem. […] The Benderson Family Heart Center at Boston Children’s Hospital treats some of the most complex pediatric heart conditions in the world. We provide families with a wealth of information, resources, programs and support — before, during and after your child’s treatment. With our compassionate, family-centered approach to expert treatment and care, your child is in the best possible hands.

• #15 Pulmonary Atresia Surgery | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/pulmonary-atresia-treatment/

  Your child’s pediatric cardiologist may perform a cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, the cardiologist inserts a catheter — a long, thin tube — into a large vein, threads it up to the heart and injects dye to see the heart’s structures. The catheterization will allow the cardiologist to evaluate the pulmonary atresia, measure how much blood is reaching the lungs and examine the anatomy of the vessels around the heart. […] Pulmonary atresia surgery will be needed to permanently create a way to get blood flow to the lungs. One option is to surgically reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract. This can be done by opening a connection from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery with a valved tube called a conduit, or by patching the right ventricular outflow tract. Another option is a Blalock-Taussig shunt (BT shunt), a small tube used to connect the pulmonary artery and the subclavian artery.

• #16 Pulmonary Atresia – Tiny Tickers

  https://www.tinytickers.org/support-info/what-is-chd/pulmonary-atresia/

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve that allows blood to flow to the lungs is not formed properly. […] In most cases, children with pulmonary atresia require intensive medical and nursing care soon after birth. […] Immediate treatment will be gaining intravenous access after birth and the medicine prostaglandin started to keep the ‘duct’ open. […] This will be followed by several stages of surgery during the first few years of the child’s life to balance and optimise blood flow to the lungs and the body. […] Babies and children with pulmonary atresia will need lifelong follow-up. Whenever tubes are used for repairs, they will always require changing, usually before the 10th birthday and some children may need another intervention during adolescence or adulthood. […] They will need repeat tests like echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The aim of these tests is to monitor your child’s heart function so that any future heart problems are diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #17 Pulmonary atresia | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia occurs in about one out of every 10,000 live births. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s physician based on: Your child’s age, overall health, and medical history; Extent of the disease; Your child’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies; Expectations for the course of the disease; Your opinion

• #18 Pulmonary Atresia – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia/

  Your baby may need cardiac catheterization to enlarge the opening between their atria (foramen ovale). Doctors use a balloon to stretch open the narrow pulmonary valve (balloon valvuloplasty). This process may also be used to place a mesh-like tube, called a stent, in the ductus arteriosus to keep it open and let blood flow from the aorta into the lung arteries. […] Your baby will need 1 or more surgeries to improve their blood flow. […] The experts you need are here […] Children with pulmonary atresia receive compassionate, comprehensive care through Seattle Children’s Heart Center. […] Our doctors and surgeons are experts in the treatments your child may need. These may include surgery, cardiac catheterization or, in some cases, a heart transplant. […] If your developing baby is diagnosed with pulmonary atresia before birth, our Seattle Children’s Fetal Care and Treatment Center team works closely with you and your family to plan and prepare for any care your baby may need.

• #19 Pulmonary Atresia – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia/

  Your baby may need cardiac catheterization to enlarge the opening between their atria (foramen ovale). Doctors use a balloon to stretch open the narrow pulmonary valve (balloon valvuloplasty). This process may also be used to place a mesh-like tube, called a stent, in the ductus arteriosus to keep it open and let blood flow from the aorta into the lung arteries. […] Your baby will need 1 or more surgeries to improve their blood flow. […] The experts you need are here […] Children with pulmonary atresia receive compassionate, comprehensive care through Seattle Children’s Heart Center. […] Our doctors and surgeons are experts in the treatments your child may need. These may include surgery, cardiac catheterization or, in some cases, a heart transplant. […] If your developing baby is diagnosed with pulmonary atresia before birth, our Seattle Children’s Fetal Care and Treatment Center team works closely with you and your family to plan and prepare for any care your baby may need.

• #20 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/patients/child/encyclopedia/defects/pa

  After this initial procedure, the next steps are determined by the size of the right side of the heart, including the tricuspid valve between the atrium (collecting chamber) and the ventricle, the right ventricle itself, and any other associated abnormalities. […] Finally, in some patients with significant coronary abnormalities who do not have good blood supply to their heart muscle, a heart transplant may be required. […] Adults with pulmonary atresia present may be blue (cyanotic) if they have not be diagnosed in childhood or have not yet had a surgical repair. […] All cyanotic patients need careful monitoring and management by congenital heart experts.

• #21 Pulmonary Atresia Surgery | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/pulmonary-atresia-treatment/

  Your child’s pediatric cardiologist may perform a cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, the cardiologist inserts a catheter — a long, thin tube — into a large vein, threads it up to the heart and injects dye to see the heart’s structures. The catheterization will allow the cardiologist to evaluate the pulmonary atresia, measure how much blood is reaching the lungs and examine the anatomy of the vessels around the heart. […] Pulmonary atresia surgery will be needed to permanently create a way to get blood flow to the lungs. One option is to surgically reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract. This can be done by opening a connection from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery with a valved tube called a conduit, or by patching the right ventricular outflow tract. Another option is a Blalock-Taussig shunt (BT shunt), a small tube used to connect the pulmonary artery and the subclavian artery.

• #22 Pulmonary Atresia Surgery | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/pulmonary-atresia-treatment/

  After pulmonary atresia surgery, the child will need to see a pediatric cardiologist regularly. The child may need future surgeries. This will depend on several factors, including right ventricle size and any other defects present. A full two-ventricle repair can be done if the right ventricle is big enough. […] Another option is following the single-ventricle pathway with staged surgeries to separate the oxygenated arterial circulation from the deoxygenated venous circulation. Two more surgeries — the Glenn procedure and Fontan procedure — allow blood to flow through the lungs to pick up oxygen so that it can then be distributed throughout the body. […] The board-certified and fellowship-trained specialists at Norton Children’s Heart Institute can identify the best surgical options for your child with pulmonary atresia.

• #23 Pulmonary Valve Atresia

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-disease/pulmonary-valve-atresia/

  If not addressed immediately, life-threatening consequences can occur. […] Your baby will need urgent medical attention once pulmonary atresia symptoms develop. […] The choice of surgeries or procedures will depend on the severity of your child’s condition. […] Some treatment options include: […] An intravenous drug called prostaglandin will prevent closure of the natural connection (ductus arteriosus) between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. […] Modified Blalock Taussig shunt […] Rastelli procedure […] Glenn operation […] Fontan procedure […] Pulmonary valve repair or replacement […] Heart transplantation.

• #24 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/patients/child/encyclopedia/defects/pa

  After this initial procedure, the next steps are determined by the size of the right side of the heart, including the tricuspid valve between the atrium (collecting chamber) and the ventricle, the right ventricle itself, and any other associated abnormalities. […] Finally, in some patients with significant coronary abnormalities who do not have good blood supply to their heart muscle, a heart transplant may be required. […] Adults with pulmonary atresia present may be blue (cyanotic) if they have not be diagnosed in childhood or have not yet had a surgical repair. […] All cyanotic patients need careful monitoring and management by congenital heart experts.

• #25 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-atresia-pa/

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s physician. Children with pulmonary atresia will most likely be admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) once symptoms are noted. Initially, the child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the CVICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] As your child recovers, you will be provided with instruction on how to care for the recovering child at home. Caregivers are provided written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations and follow-up appointments before the child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen, may be recommended to keep the child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before the child is discharged from the hospital.

• #26 Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/pulmonary-atresia

  The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] After surgery, infants will return to the ICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Your child may need to take medications for a while. The staff will give you written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations, and follow-up appointments before your child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before your child is discharged from the hospital. […] If any special treatments are to be given at home, the nursing staff will ensure that you are able to provide them, or a home health agency may assist you.

• #27 Pulmonary Atresia – Tiny Tickers

  https://www.tinytickers.org/support-info/what-is-chd/pulmonary-atresia/

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve that allows blood to flow to the lungs is not formed properly. […] In most cases, children with pulmonary atresia require intensive medical and nursing care soon after birth. […] Immediate treatment will be gaining intravenous access after birth and the medicine prostaglandin started to keep the ‘duct’ open. […] This will be followed by several stages of surgery during the first few years of the child’s life to balance and optimise blood flow to the lungs and the body. […] Babies and children with pulmonary atresia will need lifelong follow-up. Whenever tubes are used for repairs, they will always require changing, usually before the 10th birthday and some children may need another intervention during adolescence or adulthood. […] They will need repeat tests like echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The aim of these tests is to monitor your child’s heart function so that any future heart problems are diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #28 Pulmonary Atresia (PA) – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-atresia-pa/

  Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a heart defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. […] Specific treatment for pulmonary atresia will be determined by your child’s physician. Children with pulmonary atresia will most likely be admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) once symptoms are noted. Initially, the child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his or her breathing. IV medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the CVICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] As your child recovers, you will be provided with instruction on how to care for the recovering child at home. Caregivers are provided written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations and follow-up appointments before the child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen, may be recommended to keep the child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before the child is discharged from the hospital.

• #29 Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is an abnormal development of the pulmonary valve. […] Your child will get special care in the hospital until surgery can be done. […] A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] After the surgical repair and time for recovery in the hospital, your baby will be able to go home. Your child’s healthcare provider may advise pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to keep your baby comfortable. Your child’s heart care team will talk about pain control before your child goes home.

• #30 Pulmonary Atresia | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  After surgery, your baby will go to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU). […] Your medical team will help you decide on the safest feeding approach. […] You will need to choose a pediatrician for your baby before going home. […] Your hospital stay after birth may be a couple of days or as long as weeks to months. […] Your cardiologist will follow up with your baby’s heart needs even after they are discharged from the hospital. […] At Nationwide Children’s Hospital, we are committed to providing the best care and quality of life for children of all ages, from in utero to adulthood and beyond.

• #31 Pulmonary Atresia – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=pulmonary-atresia-90-P01809

  Your baby will be treated by a pediatric cardiologist. This is a doctor with special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a ventilator, to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help his or her heart and lungs work better. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of his or her life.

• #32 Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/pulmonary-atresia

  The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] After surgery, infants will return to the ICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Your child may need to take medications for a while. The staff will give you written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations, and follow-up appointments before your child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before your child is discharged from the hospital. […] If any special treatments are to be given at home, the nursing staff will ensure that you are able to provide them, or a home health agency may assist you.

• #33 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://healthlibrary.brighamandwomens.org/YourFamily/Women/Tools/90,P01809

  The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider if your child has breathing or feeding problems or has new symptoms. […] Your child will continue to need special care after the surgery and once they are home. This includes special formula and supplemental feedings.

• #34 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://healthlibrary.brighamandwomens.org/YourFamily/Women/Tools/90,P01809

  The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider if your child has breathing or feeding problems or has new symptoms. […] Your child will continue to need special care after the surgery and once they are home. This includes special formula and supplemental feedings.

• #35 Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/pulmonary-atresia

  The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] After surgery, infants will return to the ICU to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Your child may need to take medications for a while. The staff will give you written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations, and follow-up appointments before your child is discharged. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable. Your child’s physician will discuss pain control before your child is discharged from the hospital. […] If any special treatments are to be given at home, the nursing staff will ensure that you are able to provide them, or a home health agency may assist you.

• #36 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://krames.forthealthcare.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Pathology/90,P01809

  A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life.

• #37 Pulmonary Atresia | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  The type and timing of treatment will depend on the severity of the condition, the baby’s symptoms, overall health, and any other defects present. […] Treatment strategies for pulmonary atresia include: Medication – Prostaglandins (PGE) are a medication given to babies through an IV which keeps the ductus arteriosus from closing. […] Depending on the severity of the condition, your baby’s postnatal care team may include: a neonatologist, a pediatric cardiologist, a pediatric congenital heart surgeon, a pediatric cardiovascular anesthesiologist, a pediatric cardiac intensivist. […] Babies born with pulmonary atresia require life-long monitoring by cardiologists experienced in the treatment of congenital heart defects.

• #38 Pulmonary atresia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is a life-threatening condition that needs emergency treatment. Treatment includes surgery to repair the heart and medicines to help the heart work better. […] Babies need emergency medical care for pulmonary atresia symptoms. The choice of surgeries or procedures depends on how severe the condition is. […] Medicine may be given through an IV to keep the ductus arteriosus open. This is not a long-term treatment for pulmonary atresia. But it gives healthcare professionals more time to decide what type of surgery or procedure might be best. […] Here are some tips for caring for someone with pulmonary atresia after coming home from the hospital: Go to scheduled health checkups. A person born with pulmonary atresia needs regular checkups, even as an adult. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases, called a congenital cardiologist, often provides care. Get recommended vaccines, including yearly flu vaccines. […] Talking with other parents who have a child with a congenital heart defect might give you comfort and support. Ask a member of your child’s care team about local support groups.

• #39 Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pulmonary-atresia-intact-ventricular-septum

  After treatment, babies with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, also called PA/IVS, should have regular health checkups with a heart doctor trained to treat children. This type of healthcare professional is called a pediatric cardiologist. Due to advances in treatment and technology, many people with PA/IVS live into adulthood. Adults with the condition should be followed by a doctor with training in adult congenital heart diseases.

• #40 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://encyclopedia.nm.org/library/testsprocedures/LabTests/90,P01809

  A pediatric cardiologist will treat your baby. This healthcare provider has special training to treat heart problems in children. Your baby will most likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). At first, your baby may be put on oxygen, and possibly on a machine (ventilator), to help with breathing. Your child may get IV medicines to help their heart and lungs work better. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] After each surgery, your pediatric cardiologist will follow your baby’s recovery. They will make changes to medicines, help you with feeding problems, measure oxygen levels, and determine when and if it is time for the next surgery. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life.

• #41 Pulmonary Atresia | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is an abnormal development of the pulmonary valve. […] Your child will get special care in the hospital until surgery can be done. […] Your child will continue to need special care after the surgery and once they are home. This includes special formula and supplemental feedings. […] Your child will need lifetime follow-up care with a pediatric cardiologist and adult cardiologist familiar with congenital heart defects. […] Your child will likely need more surgery. […] The nursing staff will show you how to give any special treatments at home, if needed. Or you may need a home health agency to help. Your child will likely need special formula and supplemental feedings to get enough nutrition. […] After each surgery, your pediatric cardiologist will follow your baby’s recovery. They will make changes to medicines, help you with feeding problems, measure oxygen levels, and determine when and if it is time for the next surgery.

• #42 Pulmonary Atresia

  https://livinghealthy.hawaiipacifichealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/EyeCare/90,P01809

  After each surgery, your pediatric cardiologist will follow your babys recovery. They will make changes to medicines, help you with feeding problems, measure oxygen levels, and determine when and if it is time for the next surgery. […] Your child may need to be on long-term antibiotics or take antibiotics before dental or other procedures. Your healthcare provider can tell you if this is needed. […] It is important that your child get all recommended vaccines. Talk with your healthcare provider about this. […] Your child will need regular follow-up care at a center offering pediatric or adult congenital heart care for the rest of their life.

• #43 Pulmonary Atresia – Care Options for Kids

  https://careoptionsforkids.com/blog/pulmonary-atresia

  Caring for a Child With Pulmonary Atresia […] Even if your child has surgery to correct their pulmonary valve, they will still need regular follow-up visits with a doctor to monitor their progress. How often these appointments take place may vary. You can also help your child at home by: […] Ensuring your child stays active […] Keeping up with routine well-child care such as vaccines against the flu, pneumonia, and respiratory syncytial virus infections […] Having your child take preventive antibiotics before certain dental and other procedures […] Practicing good oral hygiene.

• #44 Pulmonary Atresia – Tiny Tickers

  https://www.tinytickers.org/support-info/what-is-chd/pulmonary-atresia/

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve that allows blood to flow to the lungs is not formed properly. […] In most cases, children with pulmonary atresia require intensive medical and nursing care soon after birth. […] Immediate treatment will be gaining intravenous access after birth and the medicine prostaglandin started to keep the ‘duct’ open. […] This will be followed by several stages of surgery during the first few years of the child’s life to balance and optimise blood flow to the lungs and the body. […] Babies and children with pulmonary atresia will need lifelong follow-up. Whenever tubes are used for repairs, they will always require changing, usually before the 10th birthday and some children may need another intervention during adolescence or adulthood. […] They will need repeat tests like echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The aim of these tests is to monitor your child’s heart function so that any future heart problems are diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #45 Pulmonary Atresia – Tiny Tickers

  https://www.tinytickers.org/support-info/what-is-chd/pulmonary-atresia/

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve that allows blood to flow to the lungs is not formed properly. […] In most cases, children with pulmonary atresia require intensive medical and nursing care soon after birth. […] Immediate treatment will be gaining intravenous access after birth and the medicine prostaglandin started to keep the ‘duct’ open. […] This will be followed by several stages of surgery during the first few years of the child’s life to balance and optimise blood flow to the lungs and the body. […] Babies and children with pulmonary atresia will need lifelong follow-up. Whenever tubes are used for repairs, they will always require changing, usually before the 10th birthday and some children may need another intervention during adolescence or adulthood. […] They will need repeat tests like echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The aim of these tests is to monitor your child’s heart function so that any future heart problems are diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #46 Get Pulmonary Valve Atresia Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/pulmonary-valve-atresia-treatment

  Finding out that your baby was born with a missing heart valve can be overwhelming, emotional and stressful. […] You can be confident your child is in good hands at Cleveland Clinic Childrens. Our skilled pediatric healthcare providers offer expert opinions on pulmonary atresia, and the most effective treatments backed by decades of experience and research. And well treat your child as if they were one of our own with complete, compassionate care. […] Our specialists treat all types of congenital (born with it) heart conditions. And treatment goes well beyond your babys early months. Our providers offer complete care for your child as they grow. […] At Cleveland Clinic Childrens, your baby gets care from an entire team of experts. Our leading pediatric cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, congenital heart surgeons and other experienced providers work together to give your baby the very best care.

• #47 Pulmonary atresia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pulmonary-atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is a life-threatening condition that needs emergency treatment. Treatment includes surgery to repair the heart and medicines to help the heart work better. […] Babies need emergency medical care for pulmonary atresia symptoms. The choice of surgeries or procedures depends on how severe the condition is. […] Medicine may be given through an IV to keep the ductus arteriosus open. This is not a long-term treatment for pulmonary atresia. But it gives healthcare professionals more time to decide what type of surgery or procedure might be best. […] Here are some tips for caring for someone with pulmonary atresia after coming home from the hospital: Go to scheduled health checkups. A person born with pulmonary atresia needs regular checkups, even as an adult. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases, called a congenital cardiologist, often provides care. Get recommended vaccines, including yearly flu vaccines. […] Talking with other parents who have a child with a congenital heart defect might give you comfort and support. Ask a member of your child’s care team about local support groups.

• #48 Pulmonary Atresia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/pulmonary-atresia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Parents of children with pulmonary atresia may find it helpful to connect with support groups, organizations, and resources dedicated to congenital heart defects. These communities can offer valuable information, emotional support, and opportunities to connect with other families facing similar challenges.

• #49 Pulmonary Atresia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/pulmonary-atresia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Parents of children with pulmonary atresia may find it helpful to connect with support groups, organizations, and resources dedicated to congenital heart defects. These communities can offer valuable information, emotional support, and opportunities to connect with other families facing similar challenges.

• #50 Get Pulmonary Valve Atresia Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/pulmonary-valve-atresia-treatment

  After surgery, your child will need regular follow-up appointments with their pediatric cardiologist. And theyll need lifelong cardiac care. As they grow, they may need more procedures, surgeries or special medications. […] Our team is here, ready to provide for your babys needs, no matter how complex their diagnosis is. And as you face challenges, Cleveland Clinic Childrens will help you find the resources and support you need to manage life with your babys unique health needs.

• #51 Get Pulmonary Valve Atresia Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/pulmonary-valve-atresia-treatment

  After surgery, your child will need regular follow-up appointments with their pediatric cardiologist. And theyll need lifelong cardiac care. As they grow, they may need more procedures, surgeries or special medications. […] Our team is here, ready to provide for your babys needs, no matter how complex their diagnosis is. And as you face challenges, Cleveland Clinic Childrens will help you find the resources and support you need to manage life with your babys unique health needs.

• #52 Pulmonary atresia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-atresia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350733

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your pulmonary atresia-related health concerns […] Babies need emergency medical care for pulmonary atresia symptoms. The choice of surgeries or procedures depends on how severe the condition is. […] Here are some tips for caring for someone with pulmonary atresia after coming home from the hospital: Go to scheduled health checkups. A person born with pulmonary atresia needs regular checkups, even as an adult. A doctor trained in congenital heart diseases, called a congenital cardiologist, often provides care. […] Talking with other parents who have a child with a congenital heart defect might give you comfort and support. Ask a member of your child’s care team about local support groups. […] Your baby is likely to be diagnosed with pulmonary atresia soon after birth while still in the hospital. Then you’ll be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist, for ongoing care. […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have about your child’s condition.

• #53

  https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/Conditions/%E2%80%8BPulmonary-Atresia

  Pulmonary atresia is a critical congenital heart defect. Most babies will need medications to keep the ductus arteriosus open after birth to improve blood flow to the lungs. Surgical procedures will be needed to correct the defect. […] The Heart Institute a world leader in pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery and the care of children with congenital heart disorders serves as a beacon to families confronting the reality of a child or newborn with a heart defect.

• #54 Pulmonary atresia

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/pulmonary-atresia

  With pulmonary atresia, the pulmonary valve cannot open properly, meaning blood can’t flow from the right ventricle to the lungs as it normally would. […] Treatment options include giving oxygen in the intensive care unit, drugs, catheterization, and surgery. […] Full surgical repair allows most children to live a long and normal life. […] Treatment might involve giving your child oxygen in the intensive care unit to help them breathe, and possibly drugs to help ease the hearts work. […] Surgery is another option. This is typically done in stages, starting with the insertion of a Blalock-Thomas-Taussig (BTT) shunt, followed by the bi-directional Glenn procedure and removal of the BTT shunt, and then, when the child is a bit older, the Fontan procedure. […] Surgical repair of this condition has an excellent outcome, though this depends on whether the surgery was corrective or palliative. Full repair enables most children to lead full, normal lives.

• #55 Pulmonary Atresia – Tiny Tickers

  https://www.tinytickers.org/support-info/what-is-chd/pulmonary-atresia/

  Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve that allows blood to flow to the lungs is not formed properly. […] In most cases, children with pulmonary atresia require intensive medical and nursing care soon after birth. […] Immediate treatment will be gaining intravenous access after birth and the medicine prostaglandin started to keep the ‘duct’ open. […] This will be followed by several stages of surgery during the first few years of the child’s life to balance and optimise blood flow to the lungs and the body. […] Babies and children with pulmonary atresia will need lifelong follow-up. Whenever tubes are used for repairs, they will always require changing, usually before the 10th birthday and some children may need another intervention during adolescence or adulthood. […] They will need repeat tests like echocardiogram, ECG and sometimes cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. The aim of these tests is to monitor your child’s heart function so that any future heart problems are diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #56 Pulmonary atresia

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/pulmonary-atresia

  With pulmonary atresia, the pulmonary valve cannot open properly, meaning blood can’t flow from the right ventricle to the lungs as it normally would. […] Treatment options include giving oxygen in the intensive care unit, drugs, catheterization, and surgery. […] Full surgical repair allows most children to live a long and normal life. […] Treatment might involve giving your child oxygen in the intensive care unit to help them breathe, and possibly drugs to help ease the hearts work. […] Surgery is another option. This is typically done in stages, starting with the insertion of a Blalock-Thomas-Taussig (BTT) shunt, followed by the bi-directional Glenn procedure and removal of the BTT shunt, and then, when the child is a bit older, the Fontan procedure. […] Surgical repair of this condition has an excellent outcome, though this depends on whether the surgery was corrective or palliative. Full repair enables most children to lead full, normal lives.

• #57 Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/pulmonary-atresia-intact-ventricular-septum

  After treatment, babies with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, also called PA/IVS, should have regular health checkups with a heart doctor trained to treat children. This type of healthcare professional is called a pediatric cardiologist. Due to advances in treatment and technology, many people with PA/IVS live into adulthood. Adults with the condition should be followed by a doctor with training in adult congenital heart diseases.

• #58 Pulmonary Atresia – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pulmonary-atresia/

  Your child’s treatment plan is custom-made. We use a team approach to plan and carry out their treatment based on the specific details of their heart defect. We closely check your child’s needs to make sure they get the care that is right for them at every age. […] We are committed to your child’s overall health and well-being and to helping your child live a full and active life.

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