Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Shellfish allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shellfish-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377507

  The only sure way to prevent an allergic reaction to shellfish is to avoid shellfish. But despite your best efforts, you may come into contact with shellfish. […] If you have a severe allergic reaction to shellfish (anaphylaxis), you’ll likely need an emergency injection of epinephrine (adrenaline). If you’re at risk of anaphylaxis to shellfish, your health care provider can give you a prescription in advance and explain how and when to give the injection. Regularly check the expiration date on the packaging to make sure it’s current. […] Carry injectable epinephrine (Auvi-Q, EpiPen, others) with you at all times. Epinephrine is typically given at the first sign of an allergic reaction. A second dose may be needed if symptoms recur. After you use epinephrine, seek emergency medical care, even if you start to feel better.

• #2 Shellfish Allergy | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/food/shellfish/

  Once a shellfish allergy is identified, the best management is to avoid the food. You need to carefully check ingredient labels of food products. You should learn other names for the foods you need to avoid to be sure not to eat them. […] Fortunately, shellfish is an ingredient that is rarely “hidden” in foods. Shellfish may be found in fish stock, seafood flavoring (for example, crab extract), sushi and surimi. […] Anyone with a food allergy must understand how to read ingredient labels and practice avoidance measures. Your allergist can direct you to helpful resources, such as special cookbooks, patient support groups and registered dietitians, who can help you plan your meals. […] Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, a severe whole-body allergic reaction that causes symptoms, including tightening of the airway.

• #3 Shellfish Allergies: Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/shellfish

  Theres currently no cure for a shellfish allergy. The best treatment is to avoid foods such as shrimp, lobster, crab, and other crustaceans. […] Many doctors also recommend that people with shellfish allergies carry epinephrine (EpiPen, Auvi-Q, or Adrenaclick) for self-administration in case you accidentally ingest any. Epinephrine (adrenalin) is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. For mild reactions such as a rash or itchiness, taking an antihistamine such as Benadryl may be recommended by your doctor. […] Most doctors agree that someone who has both a shellfish allergy and asthma should have an epinephrine pen on hand in case of an emergency. If ingesting shellfish results in a mild reaction such as a rash or itchy skin, taking an antihistamine to see if it helps with the symptoms is recommended. However, if the symptoms do no improve, seek immediate medical advice or go to the emergency room.

• #4 Shellfish Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11319-allergies-shellfish

  If you have a shellfish allergy, you may need to avoid all types of shellfish due to uncomfortable and potentially life-threatening symptoms. The good news is that a shellfish allergy is very manageable. By avoiding shellfish and taking some precautions, you can enjoy an active, healthy life. […] You cant become un-allergic to shellfish. The best way to keep yourself healthy is to avoid shellfish. Besides avoiding shellfish itself, make sure you avoid foods that contain shellfish. […] Epinephrine is the main treatment for anaphylaxis. Once your provider has confirmed a shellfish allergy, youll get a prescription for self-injectable epinephrine (EpiPen). Your provider will teach you how to use it. […] If you have mild symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend an antihistamine. However, only epinephrine can treat the severe symptoms of anaphylaxis.

• #5 Shellfish Allergies Symptoms and Treatment—Jax Allergy

  https://www.jaxallergy.com/allergy-treatments/food-allergies/shellfish-allergy/

  The best and only definitive treatment for shellfish allergies is strict avoidance and elimination of any foods containing shellfish from your diet. Additionally, anyone with shellfish allergies must check ingredient labels on packaged and prepared foods. […] Since food allergies are the most common causes of anaphylaxis, patients with shellfish allergies should always carry epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injectors with themthis is the only first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. If you are not sure whether an allergic reaction is leading to anaphylactic shock, you should use the epinephrine treatment anywaythe benefits of early use outweigh the risks of an unnecessary dose. […] The recommended treatment for a shellfish allergy involves strict avoidance of shellfish and any foods or products containing shellfish ingredients. In case of accidental exposure or an allergic reaction, immediate administration of an epinephrine auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) is crucial to counteract severe symptoms and anaphylaxis. It is also important for individuals with shellfish allergies to carry and know how to use their epinephrine auto-injector at all times. Following an allergic reaction, seeking medical attention is essential for further evaluation and management.

• #6 How Do You Treat a Seafood Allergy? | Chacko Allergy

  https://atlantaallergydoctor.com/blog/how-do-you-treat-seafood-allergy/

  Do you get allergy symptoms like itching, watery eyes, wheezing and breathing issues after eating seafood? Unfortunately, seafood allergies can be severe, and an effective food allergy treatment should be your first priority. […] At the first sign of an issue, contact your allergist. Usually, one or more of the following treatments will be used to manage and treat the allergy. […] To avoid the risk of an allergic reaction, allergen avoidance is the first step. Do not consume or have contact with seafood or items that contain even a trace of seafood products. […] Medication may be prescribed for mild allergic reactions to seafood. In most cases, your allergist will recommend antihistamines or corticosteroids to offer some relief from symptoms. […] In the event of a serious allergic reaction, fast action is required to counteract the chemicals released by the immune system. Your allergist will likely provide an epinephrine auto-injector to deliver adrenaline during a reaction.

• #7 Shellfish allergy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shellfish-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20377503

  Shellfish allergy is an atypical response by the body’s immune system to proteins in certain marine animals. […] If you think you have shellfish allergy, talk to your health care provider. Tests can help confirm the allergy so you can take steps to avoid future reactions. […] An anaphylactic reaction to shellfish is a medical emergency. Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with an epinephrine (adrenaline) injection and a follow-up trip to the emergency room. If anaphylaxis isn’t treated right away, it can be fatal. […] Anaphylaxis is treated with an emergency injection of epinephrine (adrenaline). If you are at risk of having a severe allergic reaction to shellfish, you always should carry injectable epinephrine (Auvi-Q, EpiPen, others). […] If you have shellfish allergy, the only way to avoid an allergic reaction is to avoid all shellfish and products that contain shellfish. […] If you have shellfish allergy, talk with your health care provider about carrying emergency epinephrine and how to use it.

• #8 Shellfish Allergy (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/shellfish-allergy.html

  If you have a shellfish allergy (or any kind of serious food allergy), the doctor will want you to carry two doses of epinephrine in case of an emergency. […] Epinephrine is a prescription medicine that comes in a small, easy-to-carry container. It’s easy to use. Your doctor will show you how. Keep it nearby, not in a locker or in the nurse’s office. […] Sometimes allergists recommend also carrying over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines because they can help treat mild allergy symptoms. Use an antihistamine after not as a replacement for epinephrine during a serious reaction. […] The doctor can also give you an allergy action plan, which helps you prepare for, recognize, and treat an allergic reaction. Share the plan with anyone else who needs to know, such as relatives, school officials, and coaches. Also consider wearing a medical alert bracelet.

• #9

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7139905/

  Shellfish allergy caused by undesirable immunological responses upon ingestion of crustaceans and mollusks is a common cause of food allergy, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. […] While the prevalence of shellfish allergy is increasing, the mainstay of clinical diagnosis for these patients includes extract-based skin prick test and specific IgE measurement while clinical management consists of food avoidance and as-needed use of adrenaline autoinjector should they develop severe allergic reactions. […] There is a pressing need to introduce more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapies for patients with shellfish allergy. […] Knowledge gained on the identifications and defining the immuno-molecular features of different shellfish allergens over the past two decades have gradually translated into the design of new diagnostic and treatment options for shellfish allergy.

• #10

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7139905/

  In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, the molecular identification of shellfish allergens, recent progress in various diagnostic methods, as well as current development in immunotherapeutic approaches including the use of unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, immunoregulatory peptides and DNA vaccines for the prevention and treatment of shellfish allergy. […] The prospect of a cure for shellfish allergy is within reach. […] In spite of the high prevalence of shellfish allergy, active treatment options are not yet available. […] Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) represents a novel strategy to desensitize these food-allergic patients and restore their food tolerance. […] Although the effectiveness of oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT) and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy for peanut, cows milk and egg allergies has been demonstrated, these emerging treatments have not been tested in patients with shellfish allergy.

• #11 What you need to know about the latest in shellfish allergy diagnosis and treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-latest-in-shellfish-allergy-diagnosis-and-treatment/2022/10

  Shellfish allergy is very common in adults and children. It affects around 3% of adults and a little over 1% of children. […] Despite its prevalence and its potentially lethal symptoms, shellfish allergy remains a big challenge to clinicians to diagnose and treat. […] They highlighted the imminent need for more specific diagnostic methods and effective and safe therapeutic approaches for shellfish allergy. […] Recently, there has been a successful study on using nasal allergen provocation test to diagnose shellfish allergy. Yet, there is still a great need for a noninvasive but accurate diagnostic method for shellfish allergy. […] Clearly, identification and validation of the optimal diagnostic algorithm for shellfish allergy are much needed. […] So, we suggest stepwise and combinatorial diagnostic strategies to conclude the diagnosis of shellfish allergy.

• #12 Shellfish Allergy: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.shellfish-allergy-care-instructions.acc9566

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] During a mild reaction, take a nondrowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), as your doctor recommends. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] During a severe reaction, give yourself an epinephrine shot. Keep it with you at all times. Make sure it has not expired. Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency. […] To prevent future reactions, avoid the foods that cause problems. And try not to use utensils or cookware that may have been in contact with food that you are allergic to. Teach your family members, coworkers, and friends what to do if you have a severe reaction to a food that you are allergic to. Wear medical alert jewelry that lists your allergies. You can buy this at most drugstores.

• #13 Home Remedy for Food Allergy: Treating Mild Reactions

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/home-remedy-food-allergy-5225612

  Although there is no cure for food allergies, they can be managed with treatment and prevention. […] Antihistamines are over-the-counter (OTC) medications used to decrease the symptoms of mild allergies. […] Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is often the most popular antihistamine used to treat food allergies because it starts to work pretty quickly (15-60 minutes) and is easy to find in stores. […] Zyrtec (cetirizine) is also a promising treatment option because it provides symptom relief with less drowsiness than Benadryl. […] If you’ve experienced a food reaction in the past, your healthcare provider may also prescribe an epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen), which is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. […] Although more research is needed, some studies suggest traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture and Chinese herbal medication, may provide symptom relief.

• #14 Shellfish allergy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish_allergy

  Treatment for accidental ingestion of shellfish products by allergic individuals varies depending on the sensitivity of the person. An antihistamine such as diphenhydramine may be prescribed. Sometimes prednisone will be prescribed to prevent a possible late phase Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) may require treatment with an epinephrine pen, which is an injection device designed to be used by a non-healthcare professional when emergency treatment is warranted. […] Unlike for egg allergy, for which there is active research on trying oral immunotherapy (OIT) to desensitize people to egg allergens, reviews mention that there are no published clinical trials evaluating oral immunotherapy for shellfish allergy.

• #15 What you need to know about the latest in shellfish allergy diagnosis and treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-latest-in-shellfish-allergy-diagnosis-and-treatment/2022/10

  Recent studies highlight the potential of probiotic supplementation to restore oral tolerance against shrimp allergy. […] Anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) and anti-IgE (like omalizumab) are mainstream nonspecific treatments that can be used alone or used in combination with oral immunotherapy for rapid desensitization and to reduce risk of allergic reactions.

• #16 Shellfish Allergy | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/food/shellfish/

  Once a food allergy diagnosis is made, your allergist likely will prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector and teach you how to use it. […] Your allergist will provide you with a written emergency treatment plan that outlines which medications should be administered and when (note that between 10 and 20 percent of life-threatening severe allergic reactions have no skin symptoms). […] Other medications, such as antihistamine and corticosteroids, may be prescribed to treat mild symptoms of a food allergy, but it is important to note that there is no substitute for epinephrine — this is the only medication that can reverse the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis.

• #17

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=acc9566

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] During a severe reaction, give yourself an epinephrine shot. Keep it with you at all times. Make sure it has not expired. Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as: A rash or hives (raised, red areas on the skin). Itching. Swelling. Mild belly pain or nausea.

• #18 Shellfish Allergy (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/shellfish-allergy.html

  Every second counts in an allergic reaction. If you start having serious allergic symptoms, like swelling of the mouth or throat or trouble breathing, use the epinephrine right away. And use it right away if your symptoms involve two different parts of the body, like hives with vomiting. Then call 911 and have someone take you to the emergency room. You need to be under medical supervision because even if the worst seems to have passed, a second wave of serious symptoms can happen.

• #19 Shellfish Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11319-allergies-shellfish

  The only way to avoid the negative effects of shellfish is to avoid shellfish entirely. […] Always carry your epinephrine injection with you. Note the expiration date so you can get a new one before it expires. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you notice any allergy symptoms after consuming shellfish. Even if your first reaction was mild, your second or third reaction could be severe. Its best to be safe and have your provider test you for a shellfish allergy.

• #20 Shellfish allergy | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/shellfish-allergy?content_id=CON-20377486

  If you have a severe allergic reaction to shellfish (anaphylaxis), you’ll likely need an emergency injection of epinephrine (adrenaline). If you’re at risk of anaphylaxis to shellfish, your health care provider can give you a prescription in advance and explain how and when to give the injection. Regularly check the expiration date on the packaging to make sure it’s current. […] Carry injectable epinephrine (Auvi-Q, EpiPen, others) with you at all times. Epinephrine is typically given at the first sign of an allergic reaction. A second dose may be needed if symptoms recur. After you use epinephrine, seek emergency medical care, even if you start to feel better.

• #21 Asthma drug omalizumab approved for severe food allergies | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/medicine-drugs/fda-approves-1st-of-its-kind-treatment-for-severe-food-allergies

  People with severe allergies to foods like milk, peanuts and shellfish will have a new way to ward off dangerous reactions after accidental exposure to the foods. […] A drug called Xolair (generic name omalizumab) has just been approved for the treatment of multiple severe food allergies, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced Friday (Feb. 16). […] „This newly approved use for Xolair will provide a treatment option to reduce the risk of harmful allergic reactions among certain patients with IgE-mediated food allergies,” Dr. Kelly Stone, associate director of the Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in Friday’s statement. […] „While it will not eliminate food allergies or allow patients to consume food allergens freely, its repeated use will help reduce the health impact if accidental exposure occurs,” Stone said.

• #22 Treatments and therapies – Food Allergy Canada

  https://www.foodallergycanada.ca/living-with-allergies/allergy-treatments-and-therapies/treatments-and-therapies/

  There is no cure for food allergy, though there are newly emerging therapies that show promise. The best studied treatments involve immunotherapy or desensitization to a food allergen using different methods of delivery. […] In February 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Xolair (brand name for omalizumab) for food allergy as a treatment to reduce the risk of reactions to multiple foods. Xolair is a biologic given as an injection under the skin to help protect children and adults against accidental exposure to multiple foods. Patients who take Xolair must continue to avoid foods to which they are allergic. […] Based on the trial results, the FDA has approved Xolair for use in certain adults and children for the reduction of allergic reactions that may occur with accidental exposure to one or more foods.

• #23 Food Allergy Treatment & Management | Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/food-allergies/food-allergy-treatment-and-management/

  There is no cure for food allergy. If you have a food allergy, you need to be prepared to treat a severe allergic reaction should one occur. The treatment for a severe allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis, is epinephrine. […] Your allergist may recommend food allergy oral immunotherapy (OIT). This is a specialized treatment that can help your body build tolerance to your food allergen. This makes it less likely an allergic reaction will occur due to an accidental ingestion. […] A biologic medication is available as a food allergy therapy. FDA has approved omalizumab (Xolair) for people with food allergies. It helps them to tolerate an accidental exposure to a food allergen. It also reduces the risk of an allergic reaction. […] Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for a severe or life-threatening allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis. In most cases, symptoms of anaphylaxis involve two or more body organs (skin, respiratory system, digestive system, heart).

• #24 Asthma drug omalizumab approved for severe food allergies | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/medicine-drugs/fda-approves-1st-of-its-kind-treatment-for-severe-food-allergies

  Xolair, by contrast, is injected every two to four weeks as a preventive measure to help people build tolerance to allergens and thus reduce the severity of their allergic reactions if they are exposed. […] „As a result, continuation of strict allergen avoidance is still necessary, despite treatment with Xolair,” the FDA cautioned. […] Additional studies will be needed to fully understand the reasons for treatment failures, as well as whether the therapy could actually help treat the core cause of people’s allergies if used regularly and shortly after diagnosis, the NEJM report notes.

• #25 What you need to know about shellfish allergy diagnosis, treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-need-to-know-about-shellfish-allergy-diagnosis-treatment/2022/10

  One emerging immunotherapy approach is the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, such as the FDA-approved herbal formulation FAHF-2. Clinical trials showed that FAHF-2 treatment was safe and well-tolerated but with limited efficacy. […] Anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) and anti-IgE (like omalizumab) are mainstream nonspecific treatments that can be used alone or used in combination with oral immunotherapy for rapid desensitization and to reduce risk of allergic reactions. Other treatment options prescribed according to the needs of the patients include antihistamines and epinephrine.

• #26 Shellfish Allergy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Latitude

  https://latitudefoodallergycare.com/allergens/shellfish-allergy

  Shellfish allergies, like all food allergies, can change over time. Unfortunately, the majority of people who do develop a shellfish allergy will have it for their lifetime. Treatment options, including oral immunotherapy, do exist to help build up a tolerance to the allergen and reduce the risk of accidental exposure. […] At Latitude Food Allergy Care, we provide oral immunotherapy (OIT) to help patients improve their quality of life. OIT can be an effective treatment option for single or multiple food allergies and is safe for all ages. 92% of Latitude OIT patients successfully reach maintenance and are desensitized to their allergens. […] The goal of oral immunotherapy is to continually expose the patient to increasing amounts of an allergen. As OIT progresses, the body is gradually desensitized and learns to adapt. This allows for fewer dietary restrictions, and protects against severe or life-threatening reactions due to accidental exposure. If clinically relevant, patients can choose to combine their oral immunotherapy with Xolair, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that helps inhibit allergic reactions. […] Long-term treatment of shellfish allergy (as opposed to strict avoidance) is an ongoing field of study, but positive results can be seen from OIT. To be a successful candidate for oral immunotherapy treatment, patients must consume small amounts of shellfish on a daily basis.

• #27 Treatments and therapies – Food Allergy Canada

  https://www.foodallergycanada.ca/living-with-allergies/allergy-treatments-and-therapies/treatments-and-therapies/

  There are three major forms of food allergen immunotherapy: Oral immunotherapy, Sublingual immunotherapy, Epicutaneous immunotherapy. […] With oral immunotherapy (OIT), small amounts of a food allergen are given by mouth in gradually increasing doses until the patient is able to eat a certain amount of the food allergen without a reaction so long as they are on this treatment. […] In January 2020, the U.S FDA approved PALFORZIA (AR101) for treatment of patients with peanut allergy. PALFORZIA is a biologic medicine for peanut OIT for children 4-17 years of age. […] With sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), small amounts of a food allergen are placed under the tongue and then swallowed or spit out. […] In epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT), a patch containing a food allergen is applied to the skin.

• #28 What Foods Should I Avoid if I Have a Shellfish Allergy? | Food Allergies Atlanta

  https://foodallergiesatlanta.com/food-allergy-blog/what-foods-avoid-shellfish-allergy/

  Shellfish allergies are a particularly dangerous type of food allergy, affecting people of all ages at any time in their life. […] Shellfish allergy treatments are available, it is still important to be cautious about the foods you consume. […] For a severe reaction, it is important to contact 911. For milder symptoms, make an appointment with an allergist for a diagnosis. […] Your allergist will usually conduct food allergy testing to find the precise cause of the allergic reaction. […] Unfortunately, shellfish allergies tend to remain throughout a persons life, but a process called oral immunotherapy treatment (OIT) can significantly reduce the impact of the allergy. OIT builds tolerance to shellfish through gradual exposure, reducing the possibility of an allergic reaction. […] Oral Immunotherapy, also known as food desensitization, is a treatment that helps you build up immunities to food allergens that could otherwise be life-threatening. […] Oral immunotherapy is a treatment where a patient ingests small doses of an allergen to build up resistance. […] Before treating your food allergy, we will diagnose the allergen and then determine the best treatment option.

• #29 Shellfish Allergy Symptoms and Treatment – Food Allergy Institute

  https://foodallergyinstitute.com/severe-food-allergies/shellfish-allergy-symptoms-and-treatment

  TIP is an effective solution for shellfish allergies in children and young adults. Find out if TIP is right for you with the our quiz. […] Because shellfish allergy reactions can be severe and, in some cases, life-threatening, it is important to diagnose and treat a suspected shellfish allergy as soon as possible. The following sections provide an overview of common shellfish allergy reactions, shellfish allergy causes, and shellfish allergy treatment. […] For those with severe shellfish allergies, the only proven food allergy treatment that makes it possible to achieve remission is the Food Allergy Institutes Tolerance Induction Program (TIP). […] TIP builds tolerance to the unique proteins each individual is allergic to, all before introducing their most anaphylactic allergen(s). […] This ensures patient safety, and over time alters their immune system to not react to any of their allergens. Once an individual has reached remission, they can eat like anyone without a food allergy for the rest of their life. […] OIT and similar food allergy treatments aim to desensitize patients to protect them from „accidental exposure.” Through TIP, patients can eat as freely as a non-allergic person would.

• #30 Shrimp Allergy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Latitude

  https://latitudefoodallergycare.com/allergens/shrimp-allergy

  Most people who develop a shrimp allergy will have it for life. […] There are some effective food allergy treatments including oral immunotherapy, however, that can reduce exposure risk while building up a level of protection. […] At Latitude, we offer oral immunotherapy (OIT) as an effective treatment option for shrimp allergies, while also improving the quality of life for our patients. The goal of oral immunotherapy is to expose the patient to increasing amounts of an allergen. Through the process, the body is gradually desensitized over time and adapts to the presence of the allergen. Because the body can handle some level of the allergen, the patient has fewer dietary restrictions, and is protected against severe or life-threatening reactions due to accidental exposure. […] While there are no guaranteed cures, OIT can be an effective treatment option for single or multiple food allergies and is safe for all ages. By reducing the risk of exposure, you can develop a level of protection against shrimp allergies. In fact, 92% of Latitude OIT patients reach maintenance and are successfully desensitized to their allergens. […] To determine whether a patient may be a candidate for OIT, our expert clinical team will evaluate existing health conditions, collect a full medical history, and discuss lifestyle.

• #31 JFA: Vol. 4 Issue 2: p. 148

  https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ocean/jfa/2022/00000004/00000002/art00024?crawler=true

  Although fish and shellfish allergies represent common worldwide allergies, with anaphylaxis being reportedly frequent, treatment approaches, e.g., oral immunotherapy (OIT), are uncommonly performed. […] The experienced OIT physician may consider this treatment in patients who are motivated to begin OIT. […] Alternative therapies, such as hypoallergens, subcutaneous immunotherapy with recombinant allergens, or food immunotherapy, may represent a valid option in selected patients. […] Unfortunately, limited data have been published with regard to finned fish or shellfish oral immunotherapy (OIT). […] Currently, to our knowledge, there are no published studies that outline detailed methods or results for shellfish desensitization without an adjuvant. […] Fish and shellfish OIT may be considered in the patient who is highly motivated and with experienced OIT providers. […] A lyophilized fish product may be a reasonable option for desensitization. […] Further research is recommended to safely offer this therapeutic approach to more patients.

• #32 JFA: Vol. 4 Issue 2: p. 148

  https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ocean/jfa/2022/00000004/00000002/art00024?crawler=true

• #33 Shellfish Allergy – Testing & Treatment | NYC Allergy Doctor

  https://www.mitchellmedicalgroup.com/services/allergy/food-allergies/shellfish-allergy/

  Preventing a shellfish allergy reaction has historically involved strict avoidance of food products containing shellfish proteins. With new advances in medical treatments, we can now treat your shellfish allergy so you dont have to be so vigilant about avoiding shellfish. […] At Mitchell Medical Group, we can use a combination of XOLAIR, the only FDA-approved treatment proven to reduce allergic reactions to foods, and sublingual allergy drops to treat shellfish allergies. […] Our treatment for shellfish allergies can start with XOLAIR, which protects you against the most severe allergic reactions to shellfish, and sublingual allergy drops or sublingual allergy immunotherapy. Sublingual allergy immunotherapy helps you get true desensitization from your shellfish allergy. […] Sublingual allergy immunotherapy (SLIT) treats shellfish allergies by regularly giving you small amounts of the shellfish allergen. This process helps build up the bodys tolerance to the allergen. Over time, the amount of the allergen is gradually increased, with the goal of desensitizing the body to larger quantities. […] SLIT retrains the immune system to respond less aggressively to the shellfish allergen, decreasing the likelihood of adverse reactions. […] The goal is to develop life-long immunity to your shellfish allergy and be free of medications.

• #34 Sublingual immunotherapy for allergy to shrimp: the nine-year clinical experience of a Midwest Allergy-Immunology practice | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-024-00895-7

  Sublingual immunotherapy with serially diluted mixtures was initiated at 64320 ng/dose and was gradually escalated to 0.5 mg/dose three times a day. […] Desensitization to shrimp by sublingual immunotherapy appears to be safe and effective as shown in this study. […] Whether the immune modification induced by sublingual immunotherapy is permanent resulting in sustained tolerance, or the achieved degree of desensitization depends on regular exposure is not known; therefore, following challenge, regular consumption three-four times per week was recommended. […] Sublingual immunotherapy is presented, for the first time, as a useful modality in the long-term management of allergy to crustaceans. […] The patients of this cohort have all been advised to continue exposure to shrimp indefinitely at a minimum dose of 20 g every other day.

• #35 Sublingual immunotherapy for allergy to shrimp: the nine-year clinical experience of a Midwest Allergy-Immunology practice | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-024-00895-7

  Desensitization to shrimp by sublingual immunotherapy over a period of 572 months is assessed as a safe and effective treatment modality in the chronic management of allergy to crustacean. Tolerance to exposure is achieved and maintained while regular administration of modest amounts of shrimp continues.

• #36 Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come?

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/2234

  Although the effectiveness of oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT) and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy for peanut, cow’s milk and egg allergies has been demonstrated, these emerging treatments have not been tested in patients with shellfish allergy. Clinical management of shellfish allergy remains challenging. The delineation of molecular characteristics of shellfish allergens over the past decade paves the way for the design of different immunotherapeutic strategies to treat this prevalent allergic disease. […] Specific immunotherapy using the causal allergen is the conventional treatment option for most food allergies, but adverse events during treatment are likely, as shown by our group. Modifying recombinant allergens to reduce their IgE reactivity and allergenicity is a core strategy in improving the safety of AIT.

• #37 Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come?

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/2234

  In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, the molecular identification of shellfish allergens, recent progress in various diagnostic methods, as well as current development in immunotherapeutic approaches including the use of unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, immunoregulatory peptides and DNA vaccines for the prevention and treatment of shellfish allergy. The prospect of a “cure” for shellfish allergy is within reach. […] In spite of the high prevalence of shellfish allergy, active treatment options are not yet available. It is recommended to shellfish allergic subjects that they avoid shellfish that trigger symptoms, to take antihistamines to alleviate mild symptoms, and to be treated with adrenaline, corticosteroid and β2-agonist in cases of anaphylactic reactions. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) represents a novel strategy to desensitize these food-allergic patients and restore their food tolerance.

• #38 What you need to know about shellfish allergy diagnosis, treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-need-to-know-about-shellfish-allergy-diagnosis-treatment/2022/10

  In their review published in Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Patrick Leung and Christine Wai examined the current status in the diagnosis and clinical management of shellfish allergy. They highlight the imminent need for more specific diagnostic methods and effective and safe therapeutic approaches for shellfish allergy. […] Immunotherapies are designed to desensitize food-allergic patients and to restore food tolerance in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Although there are many experimental immunotherapy approaches for shellfish allergy, we still need clinical studies with large cohort of shellfish allergic subjects to rule on the efficacies of these treatments. It is our hope that effective allergen specific immunotherapy will improve the quality of life in affected individuals.

• #39

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7139905/

  The delineation of molecular characteristics of shellfish allergens over the past decade paves the way for the design of different immunotherapeutic strategies to treat this prevalent allergic disease. […] The current AIT paradigm involves the administration of gradually increasing amounts of the allergen extracts or the recombinant allergens in an attempt to induce desensitization, and more preferentially, tolerance. […] However, this study did not provide details on the use of a placebo control, end-point food challenge results, safety of the therapy or the changes at the T cell level. […] Specific immunotherapy using the causal allergen is the conventional treatment option for most food allergies, but adverse events during treatment are likely, as shown by our group. […] Modifying recombinant allergens to reduce their IgE reactivity and allergenicity is a core strategy in improving the safety of AIT.

• #40

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7139905/

  The applicability of unmodified tropomyosin as a sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), hypoallergens constructed by high hydrostatic pressure processing, Maillard reaction, enzyme cross-linking and epitope manipulation, immunoregulatory peptides including T cell epitopes and mimotopes, as well as hypoallergen-encoding DNA vaccines has been investigated over the past years. […] Our group has focused on investigating the applicability of hypoallergen-encoding DNA vaccines to prevent and treat tropomyosin-induced shrimp allergy. […] This was in line with the significant reduction in levels of specific IgE and expression of Th2 cytokines, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in the small intestine (i.e., mast cells and eosinophils). […] The immunotherapeutic values of MEM49 and MED171 are thus highlighted by their capacity to induce IgG with validated inhibitory functions.

• #41 What you need to know about the latest in shellfish allergy diagnosis and treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-latest-in-shellfish-allergy-diagnosis-and-treatment/2022/10

  Studies show that 46% of people allergic to shrimp had their allergy resolved in 10 years. […] Immunotherapies are designed to desensitize food-allergic patients and to restore food tolerance in order to improve the quality of life in the affected individuals. […] One option is the use of hypoallergens. […] We found that these hypoallergens have the capacity to induce a specific antibody known as Immunoglobulin G (IgG) with inhibitory functions, which makes them great potential treatments in translational medicine. […] DNA vaccine-based immunotherapy is another emerging trend in the treatment of allergies. […] Our group also identified 25 mimotopes (peptides resembling the epitopes of an allergen) of shrimp tropomyosin considered favorable immunotherapy candidates. […] One emerging immunotherapy approach is the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, such as the FDA-approved herbal formulation FAHF-2.

• #42 A DNA vaccine for shellfish allergy

  https://axa-research.org/funded-projects/health/a-dna-vaccine-for-shellfish-allergy

  Allergic reactions to food can range from mild to severe, the worst of which is a sudden, potentially life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis. […] However, unlike for other common food allergens like peanuts, tree nuts and eggs, no effective treatment strategy exists. […] Dr. Christine Yee Yan Wai aims to remedy this shortcoming by developing a clinically useful approach for decreasing sensitivity to shellfish allergens. […] More specifically, her project seeks to apply a promising new strategy of therapy antiallergic DNA vaccines to shellfish allergy. […] Antiallergic DNA vaccines use the same mechanisms, but instead of the allergen itself, this type of immunotherapy involves the introduction into the body of plasmid DNA encoding for a less dangerous form of the allergen. […] Recognising the potential of this novel method to treat shellfish allergies, the researcher focused her PhD on developing an effective DNA vaccine and testing it on animal models with induced allergy.

• #43 THERAPEUTIC DNA VACCINE FOR SHELLFISH ALLERGIES | National Agricultural Library

  https://www.nal.usda.gov/research-tools/food-safety-research-projects/therapeutic-dna-vaccine-shellfish-allergies

  Therapeutic vaccination is a new and exciting potential treatment option for allergies that requires a considerably abbreviated treatment schedule and may have more profound and longer-lasting effects than desensitization therapies being explored for other food allergies. […] We will construct a therapeutic shellfish DNA vaccine, verify that each targeted shellfish allergen is expressed by the vaccine, and then conduct efficacy studies using the vaccine to treat shellfish allergic mice.

• #44 Shellfish allergies: can they be treated?

  https://theconversation.com/shellfish-allergies-can-they-be-treated-112143

  From our animal experiments three shots of this hypoallergen-DNA vaccine resulted in the decrease of IgE level by 70%, accompanied by the increase in the number and activity of immune cells with regulatory functions. This suggests that this vaccine may be a valuable treatment for inducing immune tolerance against shellfish allergy achievable with much fewer injections and within shorter time period.

• #45 A DNA vaccine for shellfish allergy

  https://axa-research.org/funded-projects/health/a-dna-vaccine-for-shellfish-allergy

  This projects objective is to make the same thing feasible in humans, says Dr. Christine Yee Yan Wai. […] Our aim is to construct a new DNA vaccine and adapt it to the standards of the U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA). […] One of the most important aspects of the project is indeed its ambition to gain a better understanding of how DNA vaccines affect the immune system precisely. […] Developing an effective treatment strategy is crucial if we want to improve the patients quality of life. […] Dr. Christine Yee Yan Wais project will not only help develop a safe and effective treatment but also provide important information for designing new therapeutical approaches for allergic patients in general.

• #46 Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come?

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/2234

  The current AIT paradigm involves the administration of gradually increasing amounts of the allergen extracts or the recombinant allergens in an attempt to induce desensitization, and more preferentially, tolerance. The use of shellfish extracts or allergens in AIT for shellfish allergy is currently not in clinical use, and relevant published studies are scarce. […] Our group recently investigated the dose-dependent effect and safety of recombinant tropomyosin Met e 1 in a murine model of shrimp hypersensitivity. […] These observations indicate that recombinant shellfish tropomyosin in AIT should be used with much caution. […] Future studies on the immunotherapeutic capacity of these Met e 1 mimotopes will be intriguing. […] In light of this, our group has focused on investigating the applicability of hypoallergen-encoding DNA vaccines to prevent and treat tropomyosin-induced shrimp allergy.

• #47 Are there any seafood and shellfish allergy remedies? | Go Ask Alice!

  https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/are-there-any-seafood-and-shellfish-allergy-remedies

  In terms of treatments or alternatives, allergen immunotherapy has been shown to be beneficial in some cases; however, overall efficacy is still mixed. Specifically, the use of allergen immunotherapy has shown potential to treat shrimp allergies in some trials. If you are someone with mild symptoms, you may talk with your health care provider about using antihistamines as a way to find some relief. Some studies have also suggested that probiotics might have the ability to restore tolerance for shrimp especially when you take them in addition to undergoing immunotherapy. […] When it comes to getting rid of a shellfish or seafood allergy entirely, there seems to be no immediate cure yet. However, there is research on vaccines to help reduce the symptoms for those with allergies. In fact, some vaccine trials have shown success at reducing the severity of shrimp allergies. However, until this treatment becomes available, it may be a good idea to avoid seafood and shellfish entirely to prevent a potential reaction.

• #48 Fish Allergy Symptoms and Treatment – Food Allergy Institute

  https://foodallergyinstitute.com/severe-food-allergies/fish-allergy-symptoms-and-treatment

  For those with fish allergies, the only proven food allergy treatment that makes it possible to achieve remission is the Food Allergy Institute’s Tolerance Induction Program (TIP). […] TIP builds tolerance to the unique proteins each individual is allergic to, all before introducing their most anaphylactic allergen(s). […] This ensures patient safety, and over time alters their immune system to not react to any of their allergens. Once an individual has reached remission, they can eat like anyone without a food allergy for the rest of their life. […] OIT and similar food allergy treatments aim to desensitize patients to protect them from „accidental exposure.” Through TIP, patients can eat as freely as a non-allergic person would.

• #49 Shellfish Allergy: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://getcurex.com/allergens-and-symptoms/allergy-symptoms-immunotherapy-shellfish?srsltid=AfmBOopM-RzK9LTvn9_p4ao65BbboFL4NdbUEu8FfY09D_Gnjs6RLwfI

  Cross-contact can occur when shellfish is fried in the same oil as other foods, risking contamination with shellfish proteins. […] It’s advisable to avoid foods fried in shared oil unless the frying process and allergen management practices are verified as safe. […] A shellfish allergy can indeed be triggered by inhaling steam from cooking shellfish. The proteins responsible for the allergy can become airborne with the steam. […] Individuals with severe allergies should avoid cooking areas where shellfish is being prepared to prevent accidental exposure. […] If you have a confirmed shellfish allergy, consult an allergist for personalized advice and testing before consuming mollusks.

• #50 Shellfish allergy symptoms: How long they last and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325559

  If a doctor suspects that a person may have a shellfish allergy, they are likely to refer them to an allergist for further diagnostic testing. If these tests confirm the presence of an allergy, the only treatment is to avoid shellfish altogether. […] Doctors may prescribe people who have a serious allergy with an epinephrine auto-injector to carry with them. […] In the event of exposure or a serious reaction, every second counts. Administering epinephrine at an early stage of the reaction can help prevent it from becoming worse and potentially deadly. […] There are no home remedies for a shellfish allergy, but being under the care of a doctor or seeking emergency care after exposure is essential. […] However, people can often manage a shellfish allergy by learning how to read nutritional labels to avoid the allergen.

• #51 Allergies to seafood | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/allergies-to-seafood

  If you experience symptoms of anaphylaxis, you need urgent medical assistance. Call triple zero (000) or go straight to the emergency department of your nearest hospital. […] There aren’t currently any treatments routinely used to cure food allergies, including seafood allergy. […] The best way to avoid experiencing symptoms of seafood allergy is to avoid contact with seafood. […] If your doctor diagnoses a seafood allergy, they may also prescribe an adrenaline auto-injector, such as EpiPen or Anapen. If you are prescribed an adrenaline auto-injector, it’s important to always keep it with you to treat a reaction if you are accidentally exposed to seafood.

• #52 Shellfish – FoodAllergy.org

  https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/shellfish

  If you have a shellfish allergy, keep an epinephrine delivery device with you at all times. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. […] To prevent a reaction, it is very important to avoid all shellfish and shellfish products. Always read food labels and ask questions about ingredients before eating a food that you have not prepared yourself. […] Your allergist will usually recommend you avoid all kinds of shellfish. If you are allergic to a specific type of shellfish but want to eat other shellfish, talk to your doctor about further allergy testing.

• #53 Shellfish Allergy: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.solvhealth.com/health/shellfish-allergy-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  The primary treatment for shellfish allergy is strict avoidance of shellfish, with antihistamines and epinephrine used for accidental ingestion. […] Individuals with shellfish allergies should seek medical attention for diagnosis, management plan, and emergency medication prescription. […] The primary treatment for a shellfish and seafood allergy involves strict avoidance of these allergens to prevent allergic reactions, according to the Cleveland Clinic. […] In case of accidental ingestion, over-the-counter antihistamines can help alleviate mild allergic symptoms such as itching or hives, according to the Cleveland Clinic. However, for severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, prompt administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) via an auto-injector is essential, followed by seeking emergency medical care, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

• #54 Shellfish and fish allergies | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/shellfish-and-fish-allergies

  The only current treatment for food allergies is to avoid the food that causes your allergy. Even if you are careful, it is difficult to avoid all contact with a specific food. […] If you are at risk of a severe allergic reaction and you have been prescribed an adrenaline injector (such as an EpiPen or Anapen), the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) recommends that you have an ASCIA Action Plan for Anaphylaxis specific to the brand of injector you have been prescribed. […] Always speak to your doctor or a clinical immunology/allergy specialist about your food allergy diagnosis and treatment options.

• #55 Fish and Shellfish Allergy | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/resources/fish-and-shellfish-allergy-factsheet/

  Fish/shellfish reactions have the potential to cause anaphylaxis, which is the most severe form of an allergic reaction. […] If a food allergy is suspected your GP may refer you to an allergist or immunologist (a doctor specialising in allergic conditions and the immune system). […] Your allergy doctor may request that you have some allergy tests to assist them to make a food allergy diagnosis.

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